WO2021117468A1 - Dispositif de moulage d'objets stratifiés, et procédé de fabrication d'un objet moulé stratifié - Google Patents

Dispositif de moulage d'objets stratifiés, et procédé de fabrication d'un objet moulé stratifié Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021117468A1
WO2021117468A1 PCT/JP2020/043437 JP2020043437W WO2021117468A1 WO 2021117468 A1 WO2021117468 A1 WO 2021117468A1 JP 2020043437 W JP2020043437 W JP 2020043437W WO 2021117468 A1 WO2021117468 A1 WO 2021117468A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
molten bead
base material
laminated
temperature
bead
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PCT/JP2020/043437
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
卓矢 池田
敏超 薛
崇史 藤井
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三菱電機株式会社
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Priority to JP2021563830A priority Critical patent/JPWO2021117468A1/ja
Publication of WO2021117468A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021117468A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to a laminated modeling device and a method for manufacturing a laminated model.
  • 3D printers for modeling metal materials
  • a laser, an arc, or an electron beam is used as a heat source to melt and solidify a metal powder or a metal wire, and the molten metal is laminated to manufacture a shaped object.
  • Patent Document 1 is a method for manufacturing a laminated model in which the temperature of the molten bead of the previous layer is observed, and when the temperature of the molten bead of the previous layer becomes equal to or lower than the allowable interpass temperature, the molten bead of the next layer is formed.
  • the method for manufacturing a laminated model disclosed in Patent Document 1 described above has a problem that cooling may take time depending on the shape and size of the laminated model, resulting in inferior modeling efficiency. Further, in order to manufacture in a short time, if the molten bead of the next layer is molded in a state where the temperature of the molten bead of the previous layer does not decrease, the molding may not be stable.
  • the present disclosure has been made in view of the above-mentioned actual conditions, and an object of the present disclosure is to provide a laminated modeling apparatus and a method for manufacturing a laminated model, which have excellent modeling efficiency and can form a stable laminated model.
  • the laminated molding apparatus forms a new molten bead on the base material forming the laminated model or the molten bead of the front layer formed on the base material, and forms a plurality of molten beads. It is provided with a melt heating unit to be laminated and a cooling unit provided separately from the melt heating unit to cool the molten bead of the front layer.
  • the figure which shows the laminated modeling apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this disclosure A block diagram showing a laminated modeling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the laminated molding apparatus 100 includes an arc torch 10 for forming a molten bead MB, a preheating unit 20 for preheating the base plate BP, and an arc torch 10.
  • a cooling unit 30 for cooling the molten bead MB, a temperature sensor 40 for measuring the temperature of the base plate BP and the molten bead MB, a robot unit 50 for moving the arc torch 10, and a base plate BP are placed.
  • the base 60 is provided, and a control unit 70 that controls the arc torch 10, the preheating unit 20, and the cooling unit 30 based on the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 40.
  • the laminated modeling apparatus 100 manufactures a laminated model LM by laminating a molten bead MB on a base plate BP.
  • An example of the laminated model LM is shown in FIG.
  • This laminated model LM has a hollow tubular shape.
  • the base plate BP is an example of a base material.
  • the plane on which the base plate BP is placed on the base 60 is set as the xy plane, and the direction perpendicular to the xy plane is set as the z direction.
  • the xy plane is arranged horizontally, and the z direction is arranged in the vertical direction.
  • the arc torch 10 includes a tubular shield nozzle to which a shield gas is supplied, a contact tip 11 arranged inside the shield nozzle, and a modeling material supply unit for supplying the modeling material W. To be equipped. Under the control of the control unit 70, the arc torch 10 generates an arc while flowing a shield gas while supplying the modeling material W to melt and solidify the modeling material W, and the molten bead MB is laminated on the base plate BP. To form a laminated model LM. It is assumed that the heat input condition of the arc torch 10 is constant.
  • the shaping material W is a wire selected from metal materials including Inconel®, stainless steel, aluminum alloys and magnesium alloys.
  • Inconel is a superalloy based on nickel and to which one or more of iron, chromium, niobium and molybdenum are added.
  • the arc torch 10 is an example of a melt heating unit that forms a new molten bead MB on the preheated base plate BP or the molten bead MB of the front layer formed on the base plate BP.
  • the preheating unit 20 preheats the base plate BP forming the laminated model LM and the molten bead MB of the front layer formed on the base plate BP, and heats the laser oscillator and the laser oscillated by the laser oscillator.
  • a laser apparatus comprising a mirror or optical fiber for transmission and an optical system including a condensing lens for condensing the transmitted laser.
  • the laser oscillator a transmitter that oscillates a laser by irradiating an optical fiber having a rare earth element added to the core with excitation light may be used, or a transmitter using a YAG crystal may be used.
  • the laser device may be one that irradiates an excimer laser or a CO 2 laser.
  • the preheating unit 20 irradiates the laser at the planned formation position P on the base plate BP to form a new molten bead MB, and preheats the planned formation position P.
  • the planned formation position P includes a position immediately below forming the molten bead MB and a front position in the modeling direction D1 in which the arc torch 10 relatively moves.
  • the preheating position is too far from the forming portion MB1 of the molten bead MB, the temperature of the preheated portion is lowered, and the effect of the preheating is reduced.
  • the preheating portion 20 is arranged directly above the forming portion MB1 of the molten bead MB or in front of the arc torch 10 in the molding direction D1 of the molten bead MB. Further, it is desirable that the preheating unit 20 preheats the planned formation position P in which the molten bead MB can be formed in 0.7 seconds or less in front of the molding direction D1 in which the arc torch 10 relatively moves. Since the speed at which the arc torch 10 moves during modeling is often 50 to 150 cm / min, if the molten bead MB is formed within 0.7 seconds after preheating, the temperature of the preheated portion is reached. The decrease can be sufficiently suppressed.
  • the preheating unit 20 can heat the base plate BP pinpointly by the laser and can minimize the preheating of the base plate BP, the heat effect after the laminated molding is reduced, and the laminated model LM It is also possible to suppress thermal deformation and coarsening of crystal grains.
  • a cathode point is formed in the vicinity of the arc, and there is also an advantage that the arc is stabilized. Further, if the preheating amount becomes too large, the width of the molten bead MB becomes large, so it is desirable to keep the preheating amount within a certain range.
  • the preheating unit 20 heats the base plate MB to a preheating temperature equal to or higher than the first reference value and equal to or lower than the second reference value, which is larger than the first reference value.
  • the first reference value and the second reference value are determined by the combination of the materials of the base plate MB and the modeling material W.
  • the melting temperature of the base plate MB of the preheating unit 20 is higher than the melting temperature of the modeling material W.
  • the preheating unit 20 may preheat the base plate MB at a temperature higher than the difference between the melting temperature of the base plate MB and the melting temperature of the modeling material W at the time of modeling the first layer L1.
  • the first reference value is set to 150 ° C and the second reference value is set to 350 ° C, a stable molten bead MB can be formed. It is valid.
  • the preheating unit 20 sets the temperature of the molten bead MB in the front layer to be equal to or higher than the third reference value and equal to or lower than the fourth reference value to be greater than the third reference value. Preheat to.
  • the arc torch 10 does not allow the new molten bead MB formed by melting the modeling material W to hang down, and a new molten bead MB is stably formed. Determined by temperature. Further, preheating an aluminum alloy or a copper alloy having high thermal conductivity is effective in suppressing internal defects.
  • the molten metal solidifies quickly, so if it is not preheated, the air or shield gas that has entered the voids inside the molten bead MB will solidify before it escapes from the molten metal. .. Therefore, by preheating, the solidification of the molten metal can be delayed, which leads to the suppression of internal defects. It is desirable to preheat both the aluminum alloy and the copper alloy to 100 ° C. or higher.
  • the cooling unit 30 cools the molten bead MB in the front layer formed by the arc torch 10 by blowing a refrigerant, and has a nozzle having a refrigerant flow path and a regulator for controlling the flow rate of the refrigerant. Specifically, the cooling unit 30 sets the planned formation position P for forming the molten bead MB of the next layer on the molten bead MB of the previous layer to be equal to or greater than the third reference value and greater than or equal to the third reference value to be less than or equal to the fourth reference value. Cool to the temperature of. Further, as shown in FIG.
  • the cooling unit 30 sprays the refrigerant at an angle with respect to the stacking direction of the laminated model LM when viewed from the molding direction D1 of the molten bead MB.
  • the refrigerant is sprayed in a direction parallel to the stacking direction of the laminated model LM, only the upper surface of the laminated model LM is concentrated and cooled.
  • the heat capacity of the modeled portion is smaller than that of the base plate BP, so that heat tends to be accumulated in the modeled portion. Therefore, efficient cooling is possible by cooling the molded portion with a large area from the side surface. Further, by providing the cooling portion 30 at an angle, it becomes difficult to interfere with the laminated model LM.
  • the narrow angle ⁇ formed by the stacking direction D2 of the laminated model LM and the direction D3 of blowing the refrigerant from the cooling unit 30 is 20 ° or more and 70 ° or less. If the narrow angle ⁇ is less than 20 °, the cooling efficiency deteriorates, and if the narrow angle ⁇ is larger than 70 °, the shield gas is disturbed and stable modeling becomes difficult.
  • the arc torch 10 is integrated with the cooling unit 30, it may be installed separately, or a plurality of cooling units may be provided on both sides of the molten bead MB.
  • the refrigerant is selected according to the modeling material W, and liquid nitrogen or cooling gas is used. If the refrigerant sprayed from the cooling unit 30 affects the shield gas of the arc torch 10 and becomes unstable, the molten bead MB may be defective. Therefore, it is preferably installed at a position away from the arc torch 10. .. When the flow rates of the shield gas and the refrigerant supplied from the cooling unit 30 are the same, it is desirable that the cooling unit 30 is installed behind the arc torch 10 in the forming direction D1 of the molten bead MB as shown in FIG. , It is more desirable to install the arc torch 10 at a position separated by 3 times or more the distance between the contact tip 11 and the modeling portion MB1.
  • the flow of the shield gas is faster than that of the refrigerant, and the shielding property of the molten bead MB can be ensured.
  • the cooling unit 30 is arranged at a position where the refrigerant does not directly hit the shield gas, the shielding property is less likely to deteriorate, so that the flow rate of the refrigerant can be increased.
  • the refrigerant it is preferable to use an inert gas containing argon gas or nitrogen gas. Deterioration of the shielding property can be suppressed by the above-mentioned measures, but the refrigerant may hinder the shielding property depending on the shape of the modeled object or the like. Therefore, by using an inert gas as the refrigerant, oxidation of the molten bead MB can be suppressed.
  • the temperature sensor 40 measures the temperature of the planned formation position P on the base plate BP and the planned formation position P for forming the molten bead MB of the next layer on the molten bead MB of the previous layer. is there.
  • the temperature sensor 40 may be any as long as it can measure the temperature of the base plate BP and the molten bead MB, and a contact sensor, a thermography, an infrared temperature sensor, or the like can be used. Since the laminated molten bead MB has a high temperature, a non-contact type sensor such as a thermography or an infrared temperature sensor is preferably used.
  • Thermography is particularly preferable because it is possible to measure the temperature distribution of the entire base plate BP and the molten bead MB formed on the base plate BP.
  • the temperature at the planned formation position P is extracted from the overall temperature distribution.
  • the robot unit 50 is an articulated robot, and under the control of the control unit 70, the arc torch 10, the preheating unit 20, and the cooling unit 30 are moved in the x, y, and z directions.
  • the robot unit 50 can move the arc torch 10, the preheating unit 20, and the cooling unit 30 three-dimensionally, and the posture and position of the arc torch 10 are controlled by the control unit 70, so that the arc torch 10 can be arbitrarily moved. You can move to any position with the posture of.
  • the base 60 is provided with a turntable and is placed around a rotation axis AX extending in the z direction to rotate the base plate BP.
  • the laminated model LM having a tubular shape can be easily modeled.
  • the control unit 70 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 71 that executes a program, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 72 that stores the program, and a RAM (Random Access Memory) 73 that is used as a work area for executing the program.
  • the arc torch 10, the preheating unit 20, the cooling unit 30, and the robot unit 50 are controlled based on the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 40 by executing the program stored in the ROM 72.
  • the ROM 72 contains data indicating a first reference value and a second reference value, which are reference values of the temperature preheated by the preheating unit 20, for each combination of the materials of the base plate BP and the modeling material W, and the modeling material. For each material of W, data showing a third reference value and a fourth reference value, which are reference values of the temperature at which the molten bead MB is cooled by the cooling unit 30, is stored.
  • the control unit 70 acquires the shape data of the laminated model LM to be formed, and as shown in FIG. 6, the control unit 70 divides the laminated model LM into a plurality of layers and represents the shape of each layer, the first layer L1 and the second layer. L2, ... nth layer Ln ... Generates layer shape data of the k-1th layer Lk-1 and the kth layer Lk. Further, the control unit 70 generates position data of the contact tip 11 of the arc torch 10 based on each layer shape data. The position data includes data indicating the height Hn and data indicating the distance Rn from the rotation axis AX for each nth layer. The generated layer shape data and position data are stored in the RAM 73.
  • control unit 70 acquires the material data of the base plate BP and the material data of the modeling material W, and based on the material data of the base plate BP and the material data of the modeling material W, the preheating unit 20 causes the base plate BP to move.
  • the first reference value and the second reference value which are the reference values of the temperature to be preheated, are determined.
  • control unit 70 determines a third reference value and a fourth reference value, which are reference values of the temperature at which the molten bead MB is cooled by the cooling unit 30, based on the material data of the modeling material W.
  • the control unit 70 acquires the temperature data of the planned formation position P on the base plate BP measured by the temperature sensor 40. Next, when the control unit 70 determines that the measured temperature is not equal to or higher than the first reference value, the control unit 70 controls the preheating unit 20 to preheat the planned formation position P on the base plate BP. When the control unit 70 determines that the measured temperature is not equal to or lower than the second reference value, the control unit 70 controls the cooling unit 30 to blow the refrigerant onto the base plate BP to cool the base plate BP.
  • control unit 70 determines that the measured temperature is equal to or higher than the first reference value and is equal to or lower than the second reference value, the control unit 70 controls the arc torch 10 and the base 60 to melt at the planned formation position P of the first layer L1. Form a bead MB.
  • control unit 70 when the control unit 70 forms the molten bead MB of the nth layer Ln, the control unit 70 obtains the temperature data of the planned formation position P in the molten bead MB of the n-1th layer Ln-1 measured by the temperature sensor 40. get. Next, when the control unit 70 determines that the measured temperature is not equal to or higher than the third reference value, the control unit 70 controls the preheating unit 20 to set the planned formation position P of the n-1 layer Ln-1 in the molten bead MB. Preheat.
  • control unit 70 determines that the measured temperature is not equal to or lower than the fourth reference value
  • the control unit 70 controls the cooling unit 30 to blow the refrigerant onto the molten bead MB to cool the molten bead MB.
  • the control unit 70 determines that the measured temperature is equal to or higher than the third reference value and equal to or lower than the fourth reference value
  • the control unit 70 controls the arc torch 10 and the base 60 to melt at the planned formation position P of the nth layer Ln. Form a bead MB.
  • the laminated modeling process executed by the laminated modeling device 100 will be described with respect to an example in which the laminated modeling device 100 having the above configuration performs the laminated modeling of the laminated model LM shown in FIG.
  • the laminated modeling apparatus 100 starts the laminated modeling process shown in FIG. 7 in response to an instruction from the user to start the process.
  • the laminated modeling process executed by the laminated modeling apparatus 100 will be described with reference to a flowchart.
  • the control unit 70 of the laminated modeling device 100 acquires the shape data of the laminated model LM and stores it in the RAM 73 (step S101).
  • the control unit 70 describes the first layer L1, the second layer L2, ... The nth layer Ln ... The kth, which represents the shape of each layer obtained by dividing the laminated model LM shown in FIG. 6 into a plurality of layers.
  • the layer shape data of the -1 layer Lk-1 and the kth layer Lk are generated, and the position data of the arc torch 10 is generated based on each layer shape data (step S102).
  • the generated layer shape data and position data are stored in the RAM 73.
  • the control unit 70 acquires the material data of the modeling material W and the base plate BP and stores them in the RAM 73 (step S103).
  • the control unit 70 has a first reference value which is a reference value of the temperature at which the base plate BP is preheated by the preheating unit 20 based on the material data of the base plate BP and the material data of the modeling material W.
  • the second reference value is determined (step S104).
  • the first reference value is set to 150 ° C. and the second reference value is set to 350 ° C.
  • the control unit 70 determines a third reference value and a fourth reference value, which are reference values of the temperature at which the molten bead MB is cooled by the cooling unit 30, based on the material data of the modeling material W ( Step S105).
  • control unit 70 executes the first layer modeling process shown in FIG. 8 for forming the molten bead MB of the first layer L1 on the base plate BP.
  • the control unit 70 controls the robot unit 50 and moves the arc torch 10 to the planned formation position P based on the position data of the arc torch 10 (step S201).
  • the control unit 70 controls the robot unit 50 to move the contact tip 11 of the arc torch 10 in the vicinity of the base plate BP and at a distance R1 from the rotation axis AX.
  • the control unit 70 acquires the temperature data of the planned formation position P on the base plate BP measured by the temperature sensor 40 (step S202).
  • the control unit 70 determines whether or not the measured temperature is equal to or higher than the first reference value (step S203).
  • step S203; No When it is determined that the measured temperature is not equal to or higher than the first reference value (step S203; No), the control unit 70 controls the preheating unit 20 to preheat the planned formation position P on the base plate BP (step S203; No). Step S204). Then, the process returns to step S202.
  • step S203 When it is determined that the measured temperature is equal to or higher than the first reference value (step S203; Yes), the control unit 70 determines whether or not the measured temperature is equal to or lower than the second reference value (step S205). ). When it is determined that the measured temperature is not equal to or lower than the second reference value (step S205; No), the control unit 70 controls the cooling unit 30 to blow the refrigerant onto the base plate BP to cool the base plate BP (step S206). .. Then, the process returns to step S202.
  • step S205 When it is determined that the measured temperature is equal to or lower than the second reference value (step S205; Yes), the control unit 70 controls the base 60 to rotate the base plate BP by a reference angle (step S207). Next, the control unit 70 controls the modeling material supply unit of the arc torch 10 to supply the modeling material W to form the molten bead MB of the first layer L1 (step S208). Next, the control unit 70 determines whether or not all the formation of the molten bead MB of the first layer L1 is completed (step S209). Here, it is determined whether or not the base plate is rotated by 360 ° by the base 60. If it is determined that the process has not been completed (step S209; No), the process returns to step S202. When it is determined that the process is completed (step S209; Yes), the first layer modeling process is completed, and the process returns to the laminated modeling process shown in FIG. 7 (step S106).
  • control unit 70 executes the nth layer modeling process shown in FIG. 10 for forming the molten bead MB of the nth layer Ln.
  • n is a natural number of 2 or more and k or less.
  • the control unit 70 controls the robot unit 50 to move the arc torch 10 to the planned formation position P based on the position data of the arc torch 10 (step S302).
  • the control unit 70 controls the robot unit 50 to move the contact tip 11 of the arc torch 10 from the base plate BP to the height H2 and the distance R2 from the rotation axis AX. ..
  • the control unit 70 acquires the temperature data of the planned formation position P in the molten bead MB of the n-1th layer Ln-1 measured by the temperature sensor 40 (step S303).
  • step S304 determines whether or not the measured temperature is equal to or higher than the third reference value.
  • step S304 determines whether or not the measured temperature is equal to or higher than the third reference value.
  • step S305 the control unit 70 controls the preheating unit 20 to form the planned formation position P in the molten bead MB of the first layer L1. Is preheated (step S305). Then, the process returns to step S303.
  • step S304 When it is determined that the measured temperature is equal to or higher than the third reference value (step S304; Yes), the control unit 70 determines whether or not the measured temperature is equal to or lower than the fourth reference value (step S306). ). When it is determined that the measured temperature is not equal to or lower than the fourth reference value (step S306; No), the control unit 70 controls the cooling unit 30 to blow the refrigerant onto the molten bead MB to cool it (step S307). .. Then, the process returns to step S303.
  • control unit 70 controls the base 60 to rotate the base plate BP by a reference angle (step S308).
  • control unit 70 controls the modeling material supply unit of the arc torch 10 to supply the modeling material W to form the molten bead MB of the second layer L2 (step S309).
  • control unit 70 determines whether or not the formation of the molten bead MB of the nth layer Ln is completed (step S310). Here, here, it is determined whether or not the formation of the molten bead MB of the second layer L2 is completed based on whether or not the base plate is rotated by 360 ° by the base 60. If it is determined that the process has not been completed (step S310; No), the process returns to step S303.
  • step S311 the control unit 70 determines that the layer modeling process for all the layers has been completed (step S311; Yes)
  • the control unit 70 ends the nth layer modeling process and returns to the layered modeling process shown in FIG. 7 (step S107).
  • the laminated modeling process is completed.
  • the laminated model LM shown in FIG. 3 is completed.
  • the preheating unit 20 is controlled so that the planned formation position P on the base plate BP is set to the first reference value or more.
  • the amount of heat required to bring the base plate BP to the melting temperature or higher is reduced, and the amount of heat input by the arc torch 10 can be reduced.
  • the base plate BP and the molten bead MB are joined by the molten portion MP1 without overlapping.
  • a stable molten bead MB can be formed with an arc current of 90 A and a molding speed of 50 cm / min, and the molding width is 2.5 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less. Can be narrowed down to. This is because the amount of heat for forming the molten bead MB is insufficient without preheating, but the preheating makes it possible to form under the molding conditions in which the base plate BP does not melt. At this time, the melt width Wm1 is the same as or close to the molding width of the molten bead MB.
  • the molten bead MB in the front layer when the temperature of the molten bead MB in the front layer is lowered even in the second and subsequent layers, the molten bead can be formed under the condition that the heat input is small by preheating the molten bead MB in the front layer, and the cooling rate becomes high. It is possible to suppress the influence of heat storage. Therefore, continuous laminated modeling becomes possible, and laminated modeling with high modeling efficiency becomes possible.
  • the minimum molding width without preheating is 4 mm.
  • the cooling unit 30 sprays a refrigerant onto the molten bead MB in the front layer formed by the arc torch 10 to cool the molten bead MB to a temperature equal to or higher than the third reference value and lower than the fourth reference value.
  • a new molten bead MB of the second layer L2 is formed on the molten bead MB of the first layer L1 which is the front layer, it is possible to prevent the molten bead MB of the second layer from dripping.
  • a stable laminated model LM can be formed. Further, as the molten bead MB is laminated, the cooling condition changes every moment due to changes in heat storage and heat capacity, but by controlling the temperature of the molten bead MB in the previous layer, the new molten bead MB is melted. Since the state is stable, continuous modeling is possible, and the modeling speed can be increased.
  • the overlap OL is just in the state, the molten bead MB has an unstable shape, and the bonding strength between the base plate BP and the molten bead MB is also reduced.
  • the thermophysical properties of Inconel and stainless steel are different, so that they cannot be modeled well under the conditions of ordinary laminated molding of the same type of metal.
  • the melting temperature of the stainless steel of the base plate BP is 200 ° C. higher than the melting temperature of the Inconel of the modeling material W, so that the melting width Wm2 of the base plate BP is small. Is the cause. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
  • the first layer of the laminated molding using stainless steel for the base plate BP and Inconel for the modeling material W is laminated and molded under the condition of a large amount of heat input, and the molten portion of the base plate BP is formed. It is necessary to widen the melting width Wm3 of MP3. However, under the condition of large heat input, the width of the molten bead MB becomes large, and the target range in which the laminated molding can be performed becomes narrow.
  • an arc current of 150 A and a molding speed of about 50 cm / min are the minimum required for stable first layer molding. Only modeling with a modeling width of 5 mm or more is possible.
  • a new molten bead MB is formed on the molten bead MB of the previous layer. Therefore, the temperature of the molten bead MB in the front layer when molding a new molten bead MB affects the shape stability of the molding of the new molten bead MB. If the temperature of the molten bead MB of the first layer L1 which is the front layer is high, a new molten bead MB of the second layer L2 hangs down as shown in FIG.
  • the molten bead MB when the molten bead MB is at a high temperature and is laminated in multiple layers, heat is stored, and the temperature of the portion where a new molten bead MB is formed is often increased. As the heat is stored, the molten bead MB hangs down, making it difficult to form a stable molten bead MB.
  • the arc torch 10 includes a modeling material supply unit for supplying the modeling material W
  • the arc torch 10 may be capable of forming a laminated model by laminating molten beads on the base plate BP.
  • the arc torch 10 may be a method in which the modeling material is supplied from the outside without providing the modeling material supply unit.
  • the control unit 70 controls the preheating unit 20 and the cooling unit 30 by feedback control based on the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 40, and sets the target temperature at the position P where the base plate BP and the molten bead MB in the front layer are to be formed. May be adjusted to.
  • Feedback control includes proportional control, PI (Proportional-Integral) control and PID (Proportional-Integral-Differential) control.
  • the target temperature of the base plate BP is equal to or higher than the first reference value and lower than the second reference value, and the target temperature of the molten bead MB in the front layer is equal to or higher than the third reference value and lower than the fourth reference value. ..
  • the preheating unit 20 preheats the molten bead MB in the front layer has been described, but the preheating unit 20 removes the film formed on the molten bead MB in the front layer. May be good.
  • alumina which is a strong oxide film, is formed on the surface of the molten bead MB.
  • the melting temperature of this oxide film is about 3000 ° C., which is much higher than the melting temperature of aluminum or an aluminum alloy of about 600 ° C.
  • the preheating unit 20 irradiates the laser at the position P where the molten bead MB of the front layer is to be formed, and pinpointly removes the oxide film of aluminum or the aluminum alloy, so that the molten bead MB of only a normal arc is formed. A stable molten bead MB can be formed.
  • the cooling unit 30 sprays a refrigerant on the molten bead MB in the front layer to cool it once, and then the preheating unit 20 irradiates the laser to blow off the oxide film of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
  • aluminum has a lower latent heat than iron and copper, the molding width becomes wider when a wide range of heat is heated.
  • the temperature is 100 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower. Further, it is preferable that the heating range is in the vicinity of the modeling portion and the width of the preheating is 1 mm or less.
  • the heat input condition of the arc torch 10 is constant.
  • the arc current is relatively increased and the molten bead MB is formed and formed under the heat input condition higher than the reference heat input amount.
  • the arc current is relatively small and the molten bead MB is formed under the heat input condition lower than the reference heat input amount, so that stable modeling becomes possible.
  • the preheating unit 20 only needs to be able to preheat the base plate BP and the molten bead MB in the front layer, and is a hot plate.
  • a heat gun, an induction heating device, and the like may be provided. By doing so, the laminated modeling apparatus 100 can have a simpler structure.
  • the laminated modeling device 100 includes the arc torch 10, the preheating unit 20, and the cooling unit 30 has been described, but the laminated modeling device 100 includes at least the arc torch 10 and the cooling unit 30. Just do it. This makes it possible to prevent the molten bead MB from dripping. Further, it is possible to reduce the influence of heat storage when forming a new molten bead MB. Therefore, by cooling the molten bead MB by the cooling unit 30, the influence of heat storage is reduced, and the molten bead MB can be continuously formed. Therefore, the molding speed becomes high, and efficient laminated molding becomes possible. In addition, the laminated modeling apparatus 100 can have a simpler structure.
  • the melt heating unit only needs to be able to form the molten bead MB, and the molding material W is melted by a laser or an electron beam to melt the molten bead MB. May be formed.
  • the modeling material W is a powder material or a wire selected from a metal material including Inconel, stainless steel, an aluminum alloy, and a magnesium alloy.
  • the modeling material W is not limited as long as it can form a laminated model LM, and the modeling material W may be any material that melts with heat and solidifies when cooled, and is made of metal, ceramics, glass, and metal. It may be one material selected from the group containing a resin, or a material obtained by mixing a plurality of materials.
  • the laminated model LM is not limited as long as it has a shape that can be modeled by the laminated modeling device 100, and may be a component of a turbine or a jet engine. In this case, by moving the arc torch 10 by the robot unit 50 while rotating the base plate BP, it is possible to form a rotating component such as a turbine including a shape other than the rotational symmetry. Further, although an example in which the base plate BP is used as the base material has been described, the base material may be any base as long as it is a base for molding the laminated model LM, and the shape is not limited.
  • the base plate 60 may fix the base plate BP.
  • laminated modeling with high modeling efficiency becomes possible.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de moulage d'objets stratifiés (100), pourvu d'une unité de chauffage de masse fondue et d'une unité de refroidissement (30). L'unité de chauffage de masse fondue stratifie des cordons fondus (MB) en une pluralité de couches par formation d'un nouveau cordon fondu (MB) sur un matériau de base sur lequel doit être formé un objet moulé stratifié (LM), ou sur un cordon fondu (MB) qui a été formé sur le matériau de base. L'unité de refroidissement (30) est disposée séparément de l'unité de chauffage de masse fondue pour refroidir le cordon fondu dans la couche précédente.
PCT/JP2020/043437 2019-12-12 2020-11-20 Dispositif de moulage d'objets stratifiés, et procédé de fabrication d'un objet moulé stratifié WO2021117468A1 (fr)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019002563A2 (fr) * 2017-06-30 2019-01-03 Norsk Titanium As Affinage en cours de solidification et commande de transformation de phase générale par application d'un impact de jet de gaz in situ lors de la fabrication additive de produits métalliques
JP2019081187A (ja) * 2017-10-30 2019-05-30 株式会社神戸製鋼所 積層造形物の製造方法
JP2019084553A (ja) * 2017-11-06 2019-06-06 三菱重工コンプレッサ株式会社 金属積層造形方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019002563A2 (fr) * 2017-06-30 2019-01-03 Norsk Titanium As Affinage en cours de solidification et commande de transformation de phase générale par application d'un impact de jet de gaz in situ lors de la fabrication additive de produits métalliques
JP2019081187A (ja) * 2017-10-30 2019-05-30 株式会社神戸製鋼所 積層造形物の製造方法
JP2019084553A (ja) * 2017-11-06 2019-06-06 三菱重工コンプレッサ株式会社 金属積層造形方法

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