WO2021114899A1 - 易燃耐烧碳质热源及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents

易燃耐烧碳质热源及其制备方法和用途 Download PDF

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WO2021114899A1
WO2021114899A1 PCT/CN2020/123682 CN2020123682W WO2021114899A1 WO 2021114899 A1 WO2021114899 A1 WO 2021114899A1 CN 2020123682 W CN2020123682 W CN 2020123682W WO 2021114899 A1 WO2021114899 A1 WO 2021114899A1
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carbon
weight
flammable
burn
heat source
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PCT/CN2020/123682
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English (en)
French (fr)
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罗诚浩
李丹
黄龙
刘豪
陈义坤
张健
王泽安
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湖北中烟工业有限责任公司
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Priority to US17/775,637 priority Critical patent/US20230242828A1/en
Publication of WO2021114899A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021114899A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C10L5/447—Carbonized vegetable substances, e.g. charcoal, or produced by hydrothermal carbonization of biomass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
    • A24D1/002—Cigars; Cigarettes with additives, e.g. for flavouring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
    • A24D1/22—Cigarettes with integrated combustible heat sources, e.g. with carbonaceous heat sources
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
    • C10L5/10—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders
    • C10L5/14—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders with organic binders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/02—Inorganic or organic compounds containing atoms other than C, H or O, e.g. organic compounds containing heteroatoms or metal organic complexes
    • C10L2200/0204—Metals or alloys
    • C10L2200/0209—Group I metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Cu, Ag, Au
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/02—Inorganic or organic compounds containing atoms other than C, H or O, e.g. organic compounds containing heteroatoms or metal organic complexes
    • C10L2200/0204—Metals or alloys
    • C10L2200/0213—Group II metals: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Zn, Cd, Hg
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/02—Inorganic or organic compounds containing atoms other than C, H or O, e.g. organic compounds containing heteroatoms or metal organic complexes
    • C10L2200/0204—Metals or alloys
    • C10L2200/024—Group VIII metals: Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/02—Inorganic or organic compounds containing atoms other than C, H or O, e.g. organic compounds containing heteroatoms or metal organic complexes
    • C10L2200/0272—Silicon containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2250/00—Structural features of fuel components or fuel compositions, either in solid, liquid or gaseous state
    • C10L2250/06—Particle, bubble or droplet size
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
    • C10L2270/08—Specifically adapted fuels for small applications, such as tools, lamp oil, welding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/08—Drying or removing water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/24—Mixing, stirring of fuel components
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/30—Pressing, compressing or compacting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of formed carbonaceous fuels. More specifically, the present invention generally relates to a flammable and burn-resistant carbonaceous heat source and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • New tobacco products will be the third major change in the tobacco industry.
  • new tobacco products can be divided into three main categories: electronic cigarettes, heated tobacco products and smokeless tobacco products.
  • the basic principle of heating tobacco products is that there is no need to burn, but the nicotine and flavor substances in the tobacco are baked by heating the tobacco, so as to meet the needs of smokers.
  • electric heating products In comparison, the development of electric heating technology is relatively mature, and the corresponding products have been commercialized in the foreign tobacco market relatively early, occupying a dominant market position.
  • Fuel heating products are currently still in the development stage, and the fuels used are solid, liquid and gaseous, mostly solid fuels.
  • the solid fuel is mainly carbonaceous material.
  • the combustible heat source for smoking articles as described in Chinese Patent No. CN103619198B which includes carbon and at least one ignition aid
  • the ignition aid is selected from metal nitrates, chlorates, peroxides, thermite materials,
  • the binder used includes one or more organic binders selected from viscose, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl Base cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, wheat flour, starch, sugar, rape oil and combinations thereof; one or more inorganic binders, the inorganic binder is selected The group consisting of free clay, aluminum silicate derivatives, alkali-activated aluminum silicate, alkaline silicate, limestone derivatives, alkaline earth metal compounds, and aluminum compounds; as described in Chinese Patent No.
  • CN87101955A for preparing smoking articles
  • the carbon-based fuel method and the products made therefrom use high-temperature pyrolysis of cellulose materials such as hardwood, kraft paper or wood, tobacco, coconut and other solid products as the carbon source.
  • the binder used is SCMC, gum, CMC, starch, alginate and polyvinyl alcohol are mixed, and then extruded and dried.
  • carbon rods may have the following problems: 1) The ignition performance of carbon rods needs to be improved. Some carbon rods have high carbon content and high calorific value, but their ignition performance is not good. It is difficult to ignite as quickly as traditional tobacco products; 2) The fire-holding and burning resistance time of carbon rods needs to be enhanced. Some carbon rods select carbon sources, although they are flammable, but the burning rate is fast and the suction time is short; 3) Carbon rods There are some harmful substances in the additives. Some carbon rods choose nitrates, chlorates, manganates and even some toxic and harmful transition metal compounds with catalytic effects as additives. These substances may volatilize or be released during the combustion process of the carbon rods.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a carbonaceous heat source that can be used to heat non-combustible smoking products to meet various requirements for suction; in addition, the carbonaceous heat source can also be used as a carbon material , To provide a heat source for heating and cooking food in people’s lives.
  • the present invention provides a flammable and burn-resistant carbon heat source, which comprises flammable carbon, a flame-retardant carbon and a binder, wherein the flame-retardant carbon comprises graphite, and the adhesive
  • the binding agent comprises glutinous rice glue. Based on the total weight of the flammable and burn-resistant carbonaceous heat source, the contents of the flammable carbon, the flame-retardant carbon and the binder are 40-75% by weight, 10-45% by weight, and 3% by weight, respectively. -15% by weight.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned flammable and burn-resistant carbonaceous heat source, which comprises the following steps: (1) Combining the flammable carbon, the flame-retardant carbon and the binder with the stated content Proportional mixing, (2) extruding the resulting mixture into molding, and (3) drying the resulting molding material.
  • the present invention also provides the use of the above-mentioned flammable and burn-resistant carbonaceous heat source in heating non-combustible smoking products.
  • the carbon rod prepared by the flammable and burn-resistant carbon heat source of the present invention has at least the following outstanding advantages:
  • the glutinous rice glue prepared from natural glutinous rice is selected as the main binder, and a small amount of inorganic binder is added to form a composite binder to ensure the high strength and compactness of the carbon rod forming.
  • the binder It is environmentally friendly, safe and non-toxic;
  • Blending flammable carbon and non-combustible carbon, and at the same time give play to the characteristics of easy ignition of flammable carbon and strong fire-resistance of non-combustible carbon, ensuring the dual advantages of carbon rods of flammability and burning resistance;
  • Food grade organic acid salts of potassium, sodium, calcium or iron are used as modifiers, instead of chlorides, nitrates, chlorates and transition metal compounds such as Cu, Mn, Ce, and Cr commonly used in carbon rods. Combustion aids, which reduce the health risks to smokers; and
  • the surface modification method reduces the activation energy of the surface combustion of the carbon rod, so that the surface of the carbon rod becomes red hot after being ignited, shortens the smoke generation time, and improves the consumer experience.
  • Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for preparing a combustible and burn-resistant carbonaceous heat source according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a thermal weight loss TG curve of two carbon sources of a combustible and burn-resistant carbonaceous heat source according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a thermal weight loss DTG curve of two carbon sources of a combustible and burn-resistant carbon heat source according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a flammable and burn-resistant carbon heat source, which comprises flammable carbon, flame-retardant carbon and a binder, wherein the flame-retardant carbon comprises graphite, and the binder comprises glutinous rice glue
  • the contents of the flammable carbon, the flame-retardant carbon and the binder are 40-75% by weight, 10-45% by weight and 3-15% by weight, respectively.
  • the content of the combustible carbon may be 45% by weight, 50% by weight, 55% by weight, 60% by weight, or 65% by weight. Or 70% by weight.
  • the content of the flame-retardant carbon is 15% by weight, 20% by weight, 25% by weight, 30% by weight, 35% by weight or 40% by weight.
  • the content of the binder is 5 wt%, 7 wt%, 9 wt%, 11 wt%, or 13 wt%.
  • the terms “flammable carbon” and “flammable carbon” refer to carbonaceous materials with a low ignition point and a high ignition point, respectively.
  • the maximum weight loss peak temperature of the combustible carbon may be 250-549°C (for example, 300°C, 350°C, 400°C, 450°C or 500°C).
  • the complete burnout temperature may be lower than 650°C;
  • the maximum weight loss peak temperature of the auxiliary carbon source in the flame-retardant carbon may be 551-700°C (for example, 600°C, 630°C, 660°C or 690°C ), and the complete burnout temperature can be lower than 800°C.
  • the combustible carbon may be fruit charcoal, chrysanthemum charcoal, cotton stalk charcoal or tobacco charcoal; the volatile content is higher than 30% by weight (for example, 35%, 37% or 40% by weight).
  • the flame-retardant carbon may further include an auxiliary carbon source, and based on the total weight of the flame-retardant carbon, the content of the graphite is higher than 50% by weight, or higher than 60% by weight, 70% by weight, 80% by weight, 90% by weight, or 95% by weight.
  • the auxiliary carbon source may be bamboo charcoal, activated carbon, wugang charcoal, white charcoal or bincho charcoal; the volatile content is less than 30% by weight (for example, 10% by weight, 15% by weight, 20% by weight or 25% by weight). %) semi-coke obtained by pyrolysis of coal; or any other carbon source that meets the temperature conditions, or a combination thereof.
  • the material form of the flammable carbon and the flame-retardant carbon there is no special requirement on the material form of the flammable carbon and the flame-retardant carbon, as long as they can be mixed to form a flammable and burn-resistant carbonaceous heat source.
  • the combustible carbon may be powder, and its fineness may be 100-600 mesh; the flame-retardant carbon may be powder, and its fineness may be 200-1250 mesh.
  • the adhesive of the present invention is mainly composed of glutinous rice glue, which is an environmentally friendly adhesive formed from pure natural glutinous rice or glutinous rice through purification, grinding and drying processes, so as to ensure the adhesive itself It is environmentally friendly, safe and non-toxic.
  • the adhesive of the present invention may contain at least 90% by weight of glutinous rice glue, in addition to 0-10% clay minerals.
  • the clay mineral includes at least one of kaolin, mica and montmorillonite, and its fineness is 200-1250 mesh.
  • the clay mineral may be food grade montmorillonite.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned flammable and burn-resistant carbonaceous heat source, which comprises the following steps: (1) Combining the flammable carbon, the flame-retardant carbon and the binder with The content ratio is mixed, (2) the obtained mixture is extruded and molded, and (3) the obtained molding material is dried.
  • the method of the present invention may further include a step of screening the carbonaceous material used before step (1).
  • the screening step may include an analysis of the basic composition of the carbonaceous material (more Specifically, it can be industrial analysis, element analysis, calorific value analysis, or ash component analysis), thermal comprehensive analysis (more specifically, analysis can be performed through TG, DTG curves and characteristic data points), comprehensive evaluation and determination, etc., so as to screen The combustible carbon and the flame-retardant carbon satisfying the requirements of the present invention are obtained.
  • the mixing of step (1) of the method of the present invention can be carried out by wet mixing and stirring, and the mixing time can be no less than 5 minutes, so that the raw materials are fully mixed.
  • the user can make the obtained molding material into various shapes through the extrusion molding step.
  • the molding material may be rod-shaped.
  • the extrusion molding conditions may include a pressure of 2-10 MPa and a temperature of 20-90°C.
  • the drying may be low-temperature air flow drying at 20-60° C., so that the moisture content of the dried molding material can be reduced to less than 10% by weight.
  • the method of the present invention may also include the following steps: (4) Use modification
  • the sexual agent modifies the surface of the molding material, and (5) additionally drying the modified molding material.
  • the modification step of the present invention can be carried out by various methods, such as dissolving the modifier in water and spraying it on the surface of the molding material in a spray manner; or immersing the molding material in an aqueous solution of the modifier, and the modifier
  • the weight ratio to water can be 0.2-2:100.
  • the modifier of the present invention instead of the chloride, nitrate, chlorate and transition metal compounds such as Cu, Mn, Ce, and Cr commonly used in carbon rods in the past, can be potassium, sodium, calcium, Food-grade organic acid salts of iron, including but not limited to oxalate, acetate, citrate, formate, tartrate, and malate.
  • the additional drying may be low-temperature air flow drying at 50-105°C, so that the moisture content of the dried molding material can be reduced to less than 5% by weight; or it may be The microwave-assisted air flow at 50-105° C. cooperates with drying, so that the moisture content of the dried molding material is less than 5% by weight.
  • the burnout temperature of the charcoal and bamboo charcoal were 559°C and 724°C, and the maximum weight loss peak temperature was 510°C and 578°C respectively. ; According to the above test results, the charcoal is selected as the combustible carbon, and bamboo charcoal is selected as the auxiliary carbon source of the flame-retardant carbon.
  • the number of sprays shall not be less than once.
  • blow off the droplets on the surface of the carbon rod and then Put the carbon rods in a hot air drying furnace, adjust the temperature of the hot air to 55°C, and the moisture content of the carbon rods after drying is less than 5%.
  • the coconut shell activated carbon and tobacco carbon obtained by pyrolysis at 600°C of a tobacco industry waste were selected, crushed and ground, and then passed through a 400-mesh sieve.
  • the carbonaceous material screening method described in Example 1 was used for testing and judgment. According to the test results, coconut shell activated carbon was selected as the auxiliary carbon source of flame-retardant carbon, and tobacco carbon was selected as the flammable carbon.
  • the water is mixed and stirred uniformly in the mixer, and aged for 60 minutes.
  • the carbon rods are extruded by a screw extruder.
  • the extrusion molding pressure is 3MPa and the temperature is 50°C.
  • the extruded carbon rods are placed in an air stream. In medium drying, keep the air temperature at 40°C, and the moisture content of the carbon rod after drying is less than 10%.
  • the fruit charcoal, chrysanthemum charcoal, Wugang charcoal, and deashed anthracite coke fired in a charcoal kiln are selected, crushed and ground, and then passed through a 500-mesh sieve.
  • the carbonaceous material screening method described in Example 1 is used for testing and determination. According to the test results, both fruit charcoal and chrysanthemum charcoal were selected as combustible carbon; and Wugang charcoal and the deashed anthracite coke were both selected as auxiliary carbon sources of flame-retardant carbon.
  • the 4-5mm carbon rods prepared in the foregoing Examples 1-4 were selected for a combustion test in the air to determine whether the carbonaceous heat source of the present invention has the performance of flammability and burning resistance.
  • the specific test results of each parameter are shown in Table 3 below.
  • the "surface burning rate (cm/min)” is the moving rate of the red hot burning line on the surface of the carbon rod, that is, the faster the surface burning rate, the easier it is to burn
  • the "overall burning rate (cm/min)” It refers to the reciprocal of the burning time of a carbon rod per unit length, that is, the slower the overall burning rate, the longer the burning time.
  • the carbonaceous heat source of the present invention can be quickly ignited by a fire source in the air, and the surface burning rate in the air is high (that is, it has flammability), and the overall burning rate in the air It is low (that is, it has burning resistance) and fully meets the various requirements required for smoking. Therefore, when it is used for heating non-combustible smoking products, it can greatly enhance the user's experience.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种易燃耐烧碳质热源及其制备方法和用途。本发明的易燃耐烧碳质热源包含易燃碳、难燃碳和粘结剂，其中，所述难燃碳包含石墨，所述粘结剂包含糯米胶，基于所述易燃耐烧碳质热源的总重量，所述易燃碳、难燃碳和粘结剂的含量分别为40-75重量％、10-45重量％和3-15重量％。本发明的易燃耐烧碳质热源的制备方法包括：将所述易燃碳、难燃碳和粘结剂以所述含量比例混合；将所得混合物挤压成型；以及将所得的成型材料进行干燥。本发明的易燃耐烧碳质热源可用于加热不燃烧烟制品，满足抽吸的多种要求。

Description

易燃耐烧碳质热源及其制备方法和用途
相关文件的交叉引用
本发明要求于2019年12月11日提交的申请号为CN201911263915.0、发明名称为“易燃耐烧碳质热源及其制备方法和用途”的专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明属于成型碳质燃料领域，更具体地，本发明通常涉及一种易燃耐烧碳质热源及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
新型烟草制品将是烟草行业的第三次重大变革，目前新型烟草制品可以主要分为三大类：电子烟、加热烟草产品和无烟气烟草制品。加热烟草产品的基本原理是不需要燃烧，只是通过加热烟丝而烘烤出烟草中的尼古丁和香味物质，从而满足吸烟者的需求。加热烟草产品主要有两种类型的产品：电加热产品和燃料加热产品，相比较而言，电加热技术发展比较成熟，相应的产品在国外烟草市场实现商品化也比较早，占据市场主导地位。燃料加热产品目前尚处于发展阶段，所用的燃料有固态、液态和气态这三种，以固态燃料居多。固态燃料主要是含碳材料，在炭加热卷烟的头部有一小段炭棒，点燃碳棒以后，炭棒燃烧产生的热量传递给后面的烟草，烟草受热以后释放出烟气。
与电加热不燃烧烟相比，碳加热不燃烧烟的外形和使用方式更接近传统卷烟，且不需要充电和复杂的辅助设备。雷诺公司最先开始研究碳棒加热烟草产品，在1988年，雷诺公司开发了世界上首款碳加热型烟草制品Premier，随后陆续推出了Eclipse、revo等产品；菲莫公司和日本烟草紧随其后陆续开发碳加热不燃烧烟制品；但是迄今为止并未有成熟的产品在市场上大规模销售。碳棒作为碳加热不燃烧的热源，其燃烧特性对消费者的抽吸体检具有关键作用。在 已有的专利报道中，碳棒主要由各种碳质原料、粘结剂、助燃剂以及其他辅助添加剂经过混配、挤压成型。
如中国专利号CN103619198B中所述的用于发烟制品的可燃热源，其包括碳和至少一种点火助剂，点火助剂选自由金属硝酸盐、氯酸盐、过氧化物、铝热材料、金属间材料、镁、锆及其组合所组成的组，所采用的粘结剂包括一种或多种有机粘结剂，所述有机粘结剂选自由黏胶、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟基丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、小麦粉、淀粉、糖、菜油及其组合所组成的组；一种或多种无机粘结剂，所述无机粘结剂选自由粘土、硅酸铝衍生物、碱激发硅酸铝、碱性硅酸盐、石灰石衍生物、碱土金属化合物、以及铝化合物所组成的组；如中国专利号CN87101955A中所述的制备吸烟制品的碳质燃料的方法和由此制成的产品，其采用高温热解纤维素材料如阔叶硬纸料、牛皮纸或者木材、烟叶、椰子等得到的固体产物作为碳源，采用的粘结剂为SCMC、树胶，CMC、淀粉、藻酸盐和聚乙烯醇进行混合，然后挤压干燥而成。
然而，在实际的使用过程中，碳棒可能存在如下问题：1)碳棒的着火性能需要改善，有的碳棒的碳源含碳量虽高、热值也高，但是着火性能不好，难以如传统烟草制品那样迅速点燃；2)碳棒的持火和耐烧时间需要增强，有的碳棒选择的碳源虽然易燃，但是燃烧速率快，抽吸时间短；3)碳棒的添加剂中存在一些有害物质，有的碳棒选择硝酸盐、氯酸盐、锰酸盐甚至一些具有催化作用的有毒有害过渡金属化合物作为添加剂，这些物质在碳棒燃烧过程中可能挥发或者释放出来，进入人体肺部器官，造成危害；4)对碳棒的碳源选择和组成方法无明确要求，有的碳棒采用单种碳源，无法同时满足易点火和耐烧的要求；有的碳棒的碳源来源广泛，并未考虑到碳源的调配，没有具体给出选择的指标和方法，只要是含碳的粉体材料均可；5)有的碳棒的成型粘结剂采用化工原料如聚乙烯醇等，没有考虑这些粘结剂的人体健康危害；以及6)碳加热不燃烧烟支出烟性能需要改善，碳棒点燃后不能迅速红热，使得抽吸初期的烟量过小，消费者体验感较差。
综合上述分析，研制一种点火性能好、持火时间长、抽吸出烟快的环保型碳质热源或者碳棒燃料对发展碳加热不燃烧烟制品具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术中的不足，提供一种可用于加热不燃烧烟制品中的碳质热源，满足抽吸的多种要求；此外，也可以将该碳质热源作为型碳材料，为人们生活中的取暖和烹饪食物等提供热源。
为了实现上述目的，在一个方面，本发明提供了一种易燃耐烧碳质热源，其包含易燃碳、难燃碳和粘结剂，其中，所述难燃碳包含石墨，所述粘结剂包含糯米胶，基于所述易燃耐烧碳质热源的总重量，所述易燃碳、难燃碳和粘结剂的含量分别为40-75重量％、10-45重量％和3-15重量％。
在另一方面，本发明还提供了用于制备上述易燃耐烧碳质热源的方法，其包括以下步骤：(1)将所述易燃碳、难燃碳和粘结剂以所述含量比例混合，(2)将所得混合物挤压成型，以及(3)将所得的成型材料进行干燥。
在又一方面，本发明还提供了上述易燃耐烧碳质热源在加热不燃烧烟制品中的用途。
与现有技术相比，通过本发明的易燃耐烧碳质热源所制得的碳棒具有至少以下突出优点：
(1)选择天然糯米制备的糯米胶作为主要粘结剂，同时添加少量无机粘结剂与之进行复配形成复合粘结剂，确保了碳棒成型的高强度、密实度，同时粘结剂本身环保、安全且无毒；
(2)将易燃碳和难燃碳进行掺混，同时发挥易燃碳容易点火、难燃碳持火耐烧性强的特点，保证了碳棒的易燃耐烧双重优点；
(3)采用钾、钠、钙或铁的食品级有机酸盐作为改性剂，摒弃以往碳棒常用的氯化物、硝酸盐、氯酸盐以及Cu、Mn、Ce、Cr等过渡金属化合物作为助燃剂，降低了对吸食者的身体健康风险；以及
(4)采用表面改性的方法降低了碳棒表面燃烧的活化能，使得碳棒在点燃后表面迅速红热，缩短了出烟时间，提升了消费者的体验感。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明，但并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中：
图1为根据本发明的一个实施方式中的易燃耐烧碳质热源的制备方法的工艺流程图；
图2为根据本发明的一个实施方式中的易燃耐烧碳质热源的两种碳源的热失重TG曲线；并且
图3为根据本发明的一个实施方式中的易燃耐烧碳质热源的两种碳源的热失重DTG曲线。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限制本发明。
在本文中所披露的范围的端点和任何值都不限于该精确的范围或值，这些范围或值应当理解为包含接近这些范围或值的值。对于数值范围来说，各个范围的端点值之间、各个范围的端点值和单独的点值之间，以及单独的点值之间可以彼此组合而得到一个或多个新的数值范围，这些数值范围应被视为在本文中具体公开。
在一方面，本发明提供了一种易燃耐烧碳质热源，其包含易燃碳、难燃碳和粘结剂，其中，所述难燃碳包含石墨，所述粘结剂包含糯米胶，基于所述易燃耐烧碳质热源的总重量，所述易燃碳、难燃碳和粘结剂的含量分别为40-75重量％、10-45重量％和3-15重量％。
例如，在一个实施方式中，基于所述易燃耐烧碳质热源的总重量，所述易燃碳的含量可以为45重量％、50重量％、55重量％、60重量％、65重量％或70重量％。例如，在一个实施方式中，基于所述易燃耐烧碳质热源的总重量，所述难燃碳的含量为15重量％、20重量％、25重量％、30重量％、35重量％或40重量％。例如，在一个实施方式中，基于所述易燃耐烧碳质热源的总重量，所述粘结剂的含量为5重量％、7重量％、9重量％、11重量％或13重量％。
在本发明中，通过燃烧的难易程度来区分不同的碳质材料，如本文所用的术语“易燃碳”和“难燃碳”分别是指着火点偏低和着火点偏高的碳质材料。具体地，在一个优选的实施方式中，通过热重分析法所测定，所述易燃碳的最大失重峰温度可以为250-549℃(例如300℃、350℃、400℃、450℃或500℃)，且完全燃尽温度可以低于650℃；所述难燃碳中的所述辅助碳源的最大失重峰温度可以为551-700℃(例如600℃、630℃、660℃或690℃)，且完全燃尽温度可以低于800℃。
在另一个优选的实施方式中，所述易燃碳可以为果木炭、菊花炭、棉杆炭或烟草炭；挥发分含量高于30重量％(例如35重量％、37重量％或40重量％)的煤热解所得的半焦；或其它满足所述温度条件的任一碳源，或其组合。
在另一个优选的实施方式中，所述难燃碳还可以包含辅助碳源，并且基于所述难燃碳的总重量，所述石墨的含量高于50重量％，或高于60重量％、70重量％、80重量％、90重量％或95重量％。对于辅助碳源，所述辅助碳源可以为竹炭、活性炭、乌冈炭、白炭或备长炭；挥发分含量低于30重量％(例如10重量％、15重量％、20重量％或25重量％)的煤热解所得的半焦；或其它满足所述温度条件的任一碳源，或其组合。
根据本发明，对所述易燃碳和难燃碳的物质形态没有特别要求，只要能够混合形成易燃耐烧碳质热源即可。在一个优选的实施方式中，所述易燃碳可以为粉体，且其细度可以为100-600目；所述难燃碳可以为粉体，且其细度可以为200-1250目。
对于本发明的粘结剂，其主要由糯米胶组成，糯米胶是一种以纯天然糯米或江米为原料，经过净化、研磨和干燥等工序而形成的环保胶黏剂，从而确保粘结剂本身的环保、安全且无毒。在一个实施方式中，本发明的粘结剂可以包含至少90重量％的糯米胶，除此之外，还可以包含0-10％的黏土类矿物。在一个优选的实施方式中，所述黏土类矿物包括高岭土、云母和蒙脱石中的至少一种，且其细度为200-1250目。在一个更优选的实施方式中，所述黏土类矿物可以为食品级蒙脱石。
在另一方面，本发明还提供了一种用于制备上述易燃耐烧碳质热源的方法，其包括以下步骤：(1)将所述易燃碳、难燃碳和粘结剂以所述含量比例混合，(2) 将所得混合物挤压成型，以及(3)将所得的成型材料进行干燥。
在一个实施方式中，本发明的方法在步骤(1)之前还可以包括对所使用的碳质材料进行筛选的步骤，具体地，所述筛选步骤可以包括对碳质材料的基本组成分析(更具体地，可以为工业分析、元素分析、发热量分析或灰成分分析)、热综合分析(更具体地，可以通过TG、DTG曲线及特征数据点进行分析)和综合评价及确定等，从而筛选得到满足本发明需要的易燃碳和难燃碳。在另一个实施方式中，本发明的方法的步骤(1)的混合可以通过湿混和搅拌的方式来进行，混合时间可以不低于5分钟，以使各原料充分混合。
根据需要，使用者可以通过挤压成型步骤将所得的成型材料制成各种形状。在一个实施方式中，所述成型材料可以呈棒状。在另一个的实施方式中，所述挤压成型的条件可以包括压力为2-10MPa和温度为20-90℃。在另一个实施方式中，所述干燥可以是在20-60℃下的低温空气流干燥，以使干燥后的成型材料的水分含量可以减少至低于10重量％。
根据本发明，为了降低碳质燃料表面燃烧的活化能，使其在点燃后表面迅速红热，缩短出烟时间，本发明的方法(参见图1)还可以包括以下步骤：(4)使用改性剂对所述成型材料的表面进行改性，以及(5)将改性后的成型材料进行额外干燥。
本发明的改性步骤可以通过多种方法进行，例如将改性剂溶于水后以喷雾方式喷洒到成型材料表面；或将成型材料浸没于改性剂的水溶液中等，并且所述改性剂与水的重量比可以为0.2-2：100。在一个优选的实施方式中，摒弃以往碳棒常用的氯化物、硝酸盐、氯酸盐以及Cu、Mn、Ce、Cr等过渡金属化合物，本发明的改性剂可以为钾、钠、钙、铁的食品级有机酸盐，包括但不限于草酸盐、醋酸盐、柠檬酸盐、甲酸盐、酒石酸盐、苹果酸盐。在另一个优选的实施方式中，所述额外干燥可以是在50-105℃下的低温空气流干燥，以使干燥后的成型材料的水分含量可以减少至低于5重量％；或者可以是在50-105℃下的微波辅助空气流协同干燥，以使干燥后的成型材料的水分含量低于5重量％。
以下将通过实施例对本发明进行详细描述。
实施例1
选择一种木炭和竹炭，将其粉碎磨细，然后过100目筛，采用工业分析仪分析其水分、挥发分、固定碳和灰分的含量(表1)，结果表明果木炭的灰分含量为3.3％，竹碳的灰分含量为2.8％；采用元素分析仪测定碳元素的含量均高于85％，硫和氮的含量均低于0.4％；采用XRF对该木炭和竹炭燃烧后的灰分测试结果表明主要的氧化物成分为二氧化硅、氧化钙、氧化镁、三氧化二铁和三氧化二铝(表2)；采用自动量热仪分析发热量为28-30MJ/kg；采用耐驰公司生产的热综合分析仪，得到其TG(图2)、DTG曲线(图3)，发现该木炭和竹炭的燃尽温度分别为559℃和724℃，最大失重峰温度分别为510℃和578℃；根据上述测试结果，选择该木炭作为易燃碳，并选择竹炭作为难燃碳的辅助碳源。
表1
碳源 灰分％ 碳元素％ 硫元素％ 氮元素％ 热值MJ/kg
木炭 3.3 86.5 0.01 0.28 30.1
竹炭 2.8 85.7 0.12 0.35 29.5
表2
碳源 SiO 2％ CaO％ Al 2O 3％ Fe 2O 3％ MgO％
木炭 40.2 26.5 5.8 10.6 4.8
竹炭 37.1 11.7 1.5 3.0 3.2
将100目的30重量份的该木炭、200目的15重量份的竹炭、1250目的15重量份的石墨粉、1250的目1.5重量份的蒙脱石粉、200目的13.5重量份的不含水糯米胶、25重量份的水在混炼机中进行混合搅拌均匀，并陈化10分钟，采用螺杆挤出成型机将碳棒挤出，挤出成型压力为2MPa且温度为85℃，将挤出的碳棒在空气流中干燥，保持空气的温度为60℃，干燥后碳棒的水分含量低于10％。将2重量份苹果酸钾溶解在100重量份的水中，然后将碳棒浸渍在溶液中保持不少于2秒后取出，吹走碳棒表面的液滴，然后将碳棒放入微波加热腔体中，调整微波的功率，保证加热腔体中流动的空气温度在105℃，干燥后碳棒的水分含量低于5％。
实施例2
选择棉杆碳和一种我国西部高挥发分低灰分的煤水洗后在700℃热解得到的半焦，将其粉碎磨细，然后过600目筛，采用实施例1中所描述的碳质材料筛选方法进行测试和判定。根据测试结果，选择棉杆碳和该半焦均作为易燃碳。
将600目的40重量份的棉杆炭、600目的20重量份的该半焦、600目的15重量份的石墨粉、600目的5重量份的不含水糯米胶、20重量份的水在混炼机中进行混合搅拌均匀，并陈化20分钟，采用螺杆挤出成型机将碳棒挤出，挤出成型压力为8MPa且温度为85℃，将挤出的碳棒在空气流中干燥，保持空气的温度为25℃，干燥后碳棒的水分含量低于10％。将0.5重量份酒石酸钾钠溶解在100重量份水中，然后采用喷雾器将酒石酸钾钠水溶液喷在碳棒表面，喷雾次数不少于1次，喷雾完成后，吹走碳棒表面的液滴，然后将碳棒放入热风干燥炉中，调节热风温度为55℃，干燥后碳棒的水分含量低于5％。
实施例3
选择椰壳活性炭和某烟草行业废弃物600℃热解得到的烟草碳，将其粉碎磨细，然后过400目筛，采用实施例1中所描述的碳质材料筛选方法进行测试和判定。根据测试结果，选择椰壳活性炭作为难燃碳的辅助碳源，并选择烟草碳作为易燃碳。
将400目的40重量份的烟草炭、400目的6重量份的活性炭、800目的14重量份的石墨粉、400目的9.5重量份的不含水糯米胶、200目的0.5重量份的高岭土、30重量份的水在混炼机中进行混合搅拌均匀，并陈化60分钟，采用螺杆挤出成型机将碳棒挤出，挤出成型压力为3MPa且温度为50℃，将挤出的碳棒在空气流中干燥，保持空气的温度为40℃，干燥后碳棒的水分含量低于10％。将1重量份草酸钠溶解在100重量份水中，然后将碳棒浸渍在溶液中保持不少于2秒后取出，吹走碳棒表面的液滴，然后将碳棒放入热风干燥炉中，调节热风温度为85℃，干燥后碳棒的水分含量低于5％。
实施例4
选择某炭窑烧制的果木炭、菊花炭、乌冈炭、脱灰无烟煤焦，将其粉碎磨细，然后过500目筛，采用实施例1中所描述的碳质材料筛选方法进行测试和判定。根据测试结果，选择果木炭、菊花炭均作为易燃碳；并选择乌冈炭和该 脱灰无烟煤焦均作为难燃碳的辅助碳源。
将500目的27重量份的果木炭、500目的27重量份的菊花炭、500目的10.5重量份的石墨粉、500目的3重量份的乌冈炭、500目的4.5重量份的该脱灰无烟煤焦、20重量份的水、500目的6重量份的不含水糯米胶、500目的1重量份的云母粉、500目的1重量份的蒙脱石粉在混炼机中进行混合搅拌均匀，并陈化5分钟，采用螺杆挤出成型机将碳棒挤出，挤出成型压力为10MPa且温度为70℃，将挤出的碳棒在空气流中干燥，保持空气的温度为50℃，干燥后碳棒的水分含量低于10％。将1份柠檬酸钾、1份醋酸铁溶解在100份水中，然后采用喷雾器将该溶液喷在碳棒表面，喷雾次数不少于1次，喷雾完成后，吹走碳棒表面的液滴，然后将碳棒放入微波加热腔体中，调整微波的功率，保证加热腔体中流动的空气温度在80℃，干燥后碳棒的水分含量低于5％。
选取上述实施例1-4中制备的4-5mm碳棒在空气中进行燃烧试验以测定本发明的碳质热源是否具备易燃耐烧方面的性能，各参数的具体试验结果示于下表3中，其中，“表面燃烧速率(cm/min)”是碳棒表面红热的燃烧线的移动速率，即表面燃烧速率越快可表明更容易燃烧，而“整体燃烧速率(cm/min)”是指单位长度的碳棒能够燃烧时间的倒数，即整体燃烧速率越慢可表明燃烧更长时间。
表3
Figure PCTCN2020123682-appb-000001
从表3的结果可以看出，本发明的碳质热源在空气中可以快速被火源点燃，并且在空气中的表面燃烧速率高(即具备易燃性能)，且在空气中的整体燃烧速率低(即具备耐烧性能)，完全符合抽吸所需的多种要求，因此当将其用于加热不燃烧烟制品时，可以大幅提升使用者的体验感。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式，但是，本发明并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本发明的技术构思范围内，可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合，为了避免不必要的重复，本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外，本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本发明的思想，其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种易燃耐烧碳质热源，其包含易燃碳、难燃碳和粘结剂，其中，所述难燃碳包含石墨，所述粘结剂包含糯米胶，基于所述易燃耐烧碳质热源的总重量，所述易燃碳、难燃碳和粘结剂的含量分别为40-75重量％、10-45重量％和3-15重量％。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的易燃耐烧碳质热源，其中，通过热重分析法所测定，所述易燃碳的最大失重峰温度为250-549℃，且完全燃尽温度低于650℃。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的易燃耐烧碳质热源，其中，所述易燃碳为果木炭、菊花炭、棉杆炭或烟草炭；挥发分含量高于30重量％的煤热解所得的半焦；或其它满足所述温度条件的任一碳源，或其组合。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的易燃耐烧碳质热源，其中，所述易燃碳为粉体，且其细度为100-600目。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的易燃耐烧碳质热源，其中，所述难燃碳还包含辅助碳源，并且基于所述难燃碳的总重量，所述石墨的含量高于50重量％。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的易燃耐烧碳质热源，其中，通过热重分析法所测定，所述难燃碳中的所述辅助碳源的最大失重峰温度为551-700℃，且完全燃尽温度低于800℃。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的易燃耐烧碳质热源，其中，所述辅助碳源为竹炭、活性炭、乌冈炭、白炭或备长炭；挥发分含量低于30重量％的煤热解所得的半焦；或其它满足所述温度条件的任一碳源，或其组合。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的易燃耐烧碳质热源，其中，所述难燃碳为粉体，且其细度为200-1250目。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的易燃耐烧碳质热源，其中，基于所述粘结剂的总重量，所述粘结剂还包含0-10重量％的黏土类矿物。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的易燃耐烧碳质热源，其中，所述黏土类矿物包括高岭土、云母和蒙脱石中的至少一种，且其细度为200-1250目。
  11. 一种用于制备根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的易燃耐烧碳质热源的 方法，其包括以下步骤：(1)将所述易燃碳、难燃碳和粘结剂以所述含量比例混合，(2)将所得混合物挤压成型，以及(3)将所得的成型材料进行干燥。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中，所述挤压成型的条件包括压力为2-10MPa和温度为20-90℃。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中，所述干燥是在20-60℃下的低温空气流干燥，以使干燥后的成型材料的水分含量减少至低于10重量％。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其还包括以下步骤：(4)使用改性剂对所述成型材料的表面进行改性，以及(5)将改性后的成型材料进行额外干燥。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中，所述改性剂为钾、钠、钙或铁的食品级有机酸盐，包括但不限于草酸盐、醋酸盐、柠檬酸盐、甲酸盐、酒石酸盐或苹果酸盐。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中，所述额外干燥是在50-105℃下的低温空气流干燥，以使干燥后的成型材料的水分含量减少至低于5重量％。
  17. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的易燃耐烧碳质热源在加热不燃烧烟制品中的用途。
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