WO2021114759A1 - 一种聚氯乙烯材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种聚氯乙烯材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2021114759A1
WO2021114759A1 PCT/CN2020/113339 CN2020113339W WO2021114759A1 WO 2021114759 A1 WO2021114759 A1 WO 2021114759A1 CN 2020113339 W CN2020113339 W CN 2020113339W WO 2021114759 A1 WO2021114759 A1 WO 2021114759A1
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flame retardant
polyvinyl chloride
cold
plasticizer
chloride material
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PCT/CN2020/113339
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English (en)
French (fr)
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胡玲
靖吉旭
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上海凯波特种电缆料厂有限公司
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Publication of WO2021114759A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021114759A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L27/04—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
    • C08L27/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • H01B3/443—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • C08K2003/2217—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of magnesium
    • C08K2003/2224—Magnesium hydroxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00—Properties
    • C08L2201/02—Flame or fire retardant/resistant
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00—Properties
    • C08L2201/08—Stabilised against heat, light or radiation or oxydation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2203/00—Applications
    • C08L2203/20—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets
    • C08L2203/202—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets use in electrical wires or wirecoating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
    • C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
    • C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of wire and cable materials, in particular to a high-temperature-resistant, cold-resistant, high-flame retardant polyvinyl chloride material and a preparation method thereof.
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • the cold resistance and high temperature resistance of ordinary polyvinyl chloride plastics cannot support its use in special environments, such as areas with extremely cold temperatures as low as -50°C in winter, or use in motors and engines in high temperatures in summer.
  • the temperature of the location can reach 125°C. Therefore, the cold resistance and high temperature resistance of PVC cable materials are required to be further improved.
  • the present invention provides a high temperature, cold, high flame retardant polyvinyl chloride material and its preparation method and application.
  • the prepared polyvinyl chloride material takes into account the balance of high temperature resistance, cold resistance and flame resistance, and can withstand 125 °C high temperature and -50 °C low temperature, and oxygen index above 40, cables made from them can be used in extremely hot and cold environments, have excellent flame retardancy, and can pass the bundled combustion Class A test.
  • a high temperature, cold, high flame retardant polyvinyl chloride material comprising the following components by weight:
  • the prepared polyvinyl chloride material has a balance of high temperature resistance, cold resistance and flame retardancy, can withstand high temperatures of 125°C and low temperatures of -50°C, and has an oxygen index of more than 40.
  • the cable can be used in extremely hot and cold environments. It has excellent flame retardant performance and can pass the bundled combustion Class A test.
  • the PVC resin is one or a combination of PVC resins with a degree of polymerization of 1100 to 1800.
  • the PVC resin used in the present invention has excellent processing properties, is easy to be industrially produced, and has excellent mechanical properties, so that the final prepared polyvinyl chloride material has excellent mechanical properties and has a wide range of Application prospects.
  • the plasticizer A is phthalate esters
  • the plasticizer B is phosphate esters
  • the plasticizer C is dipentaerythritol ester
  • the plasticizer D is dioctyl sebacate.
  • the plasticizer A, plasticizer B, and plasticizer C used in the present invention can cooperate with each other, and when used with stabilizers, it can significantly improve the high temperature and cold resistance of polyvinyl chloride materials. , To achieve the effect of resistance to high temperature of 125 °C and low temperature of -50 °C.
  • the flame retardant A is antimony trioxide
  • the flame retardant B is modified magnesium hydroxide
  • the flame retardant C is a phosphorus-nitrogen composite flame retardant.
  • the flame retardant A, the flame retardant B and the flame retardant C used in the present invention are compounded and used, so that the oxygen index of the finally obtained polyvinyl chloride material is above 40, and the cable is made It can pass the Class A test of IEC 60332-3.
  • the heat stabilizer is a calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer.
  • the beneficial effect of the above-mentioned preferred technical solution is that the heat stabilizer used in the present invention can cooperate with plasticizer A, plasticizer B, and plasticizer C, which can significantly improve the high temperature resistance of polyvinyl chloride material to 125 °C high temperature effect.
  • the modifier is one or a combination of chlorinated polyethylene and acrylate copolymer.
  • the beneficial effect of the above-mentioned preferred technical solution is that the modifier and the raw material used in the present invention cooperate with each other to improve the processability and low-temperature resistance of the composite material.
  • the processing aid is a combination of two or more of calcium stearate, stearic acid, and polyethylene wax.
  • the beneficial effect of the above-mentioned preferred technical solution is that the processing aid used in the present invention can improve the processability of the raw material.
  • the antioxidant is tetrakis[ ⁇ -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid] pentaerythritol ester (antioxidant 1010) and tris(2,4-di-tert-butyl) One or a combination of two kinds of phenylene) phosphite (antioxidant 168).
  • the beneficial effects of the above-mentioned preferred technical solutions are: the use of antioxidants in the present invention can improve the oxidation resistance of the material, and at the same time can enhance the high temperature resistance of the material.
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of the high temperature resistant, cold resistant and high flame retardant polyvinyl chloride material, which specifically includes the following steps:
  • step (2) it is added to the high-speed kneader for stirring and mixing, and the jacket temperature of the mixer is set to 125°C-135°C.
  • the winning mixture in step (3) is added to the twin-screw and single-screw two-stage extrusion granulator, the heating temperature of each section of the twin-screw granulator is uniformly increased from 120-150°C, and the single-screw granulator The heating temperature of each section increases uniformly from 90-150°C, and the temperature of the machine head is 150°C.
  • the drying in step (3) is drying in a drying barrel at 50°C-60°C for 1 hour.
  • the beneficial effect of the above-mentioned preferred technical solution is that the present invention can obtain a polyvinyl chloride material with uniform particles and good plasticization, and the performance takes into account the balance of high temperature resistance, cold resistance and flame retardancy.
  • the invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned high temperature, cold, high flame retardant polyvinyl chloride material in cable materials.
  • the high temperature, cold, high flame retardant polyvinyl chloride material disclosed in the present invention is used to make the cable, which can be used in extremely hot and cold environments, has excellent flame retardant performance, and can burn through bundles. Class test.
  • the present disclosure provides a high-temperature, cold-resistant, high-flame retardant polyvinyl chloride material and a preparation method and application thereof, which have the following beneficial effects:
  • the obtained polyvinyl chloride material takes into account the balance of high temperature resistance, cold resistance and flame retardancy, can withstand high temperatures of 125°C and low temperatures of -50°C, and has an oxygen index of more than 40. Cables made from it can be used in extremely hot and cold environments. It has excellent flame-retardant performance and can pass the Bundle Burning Class A test.
  • the embodiment of the present invention discloses a high-temperature, cold-resistant, high-flame retardant polyvinyl chloride material, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of PVC resin, 10-30 parts of plasticizer A, 5-20 parts of plasticizer B, 5-20 parts of plasticizer C, 5-15 parts of plasticizer D, 10-25 parts of flame retardant A, 15-30 parts of flame retardant B, 10-20 parts of flame retardant C, 12-20 parts of heat Stabilizer, 10-25 parts modifier, 1.0-2.5 parts processing aid, 0.8-2.0 parts antioxidant;
  • the PVC resin is one or two combinations of PVC resins with a degree of polymerization of 1100 to 1800.
  • Plasticizer A is phthalate esters
  • plasticizer B is phosphate esters
  • plasticizer C is dipentaerythritol ester
  • plasticizer D is dioctyl sebacate.
  • the flame retardant A is antimony trioxide
  • the flame retardant B is modified magnesium hydroxide
  • the flame retardant C is a phosphorus-nitrogen composite flame retardant.
  • the heat stabilizer is a calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer.
  • the modifier is one or a combination of chlorinated polyethylene and acrylate copolymer.
  • the processing aid is a combination of two or more of calcium stearate, stearic acid, and polyethylene wax.
  • Antioxidant is one of tetrakis[ ⁇ -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid]pentaerythritol ester and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite Or a combination of the two.
  • the embodiment of the invention also discloses a preparation method of the high temperature resistant, cold resistant and high flame retardant polyvinyl chloride material, which specifically includes the following steps:
  • the mixture is fed into a twin-screw and single-screw two-stage extrusion granulator.
  • the heating temperature of each section of the twin-screw granulator is uniformly increased from 120-150°C, and the heating temperature of each section of the single-screw granulator is increased from 90 -150°C uniformly increases, and the obtained plastic is dried in a drying barrel at 50°C-60°C for 1 hour to obtain a high temperature, cold, and high flame retardant polyvinyl chloride material.
  • Embodiments 1 to 6 of the present invention disclose a method for preparing a high temperature, cold, high flame retardant polyvinyl chloride material, which specifically includes the following steps.
  • the composition and ratio of the raw materials are shown in Table 1, and the technical parameters are shown in Table 2 below. Show:
  • PVC resin was purchased from Ningbo Formosa Plastics Corporation; plasticizer was purchased from Jiangsu Senhe Company; flame retardant A was purchased from Muli Antimony Company; flame retardant B was purchased from Albemarle, USA; flame retardant C was purchased from Keke Ryan Company; Calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer was purchased from German Bear Brand Company.
  • the mixture is fed into a twin-screw and single-screw two-stage extrusion granulator.
  • the heating temperature of each section of the twin-screw granulator is 120 ⁇ 10°C, 130 ⁇ 10°C, 130 ⁇ 10 °C, 130 ⁇ 10 °C, 130 ⁇ 10°C, 140 ⁇ 10°C, 140 ⁇ 10°C, 150 ⁇ 10°C, the head temperature is 150 ⁇ 10°C;
  • the heating temperature of each section of the single screw granulator is 90 ⁇ 10°C , 110 ⁇ 20°C, 130 ⁇ 20°C, 150 ⁇ 10°C, and the obtained plastic is dried in a drying barrel at 50°C-60°C for 1h to obtain a high temperature, cold, and high flame retardant polyvinyl chloride material.
  • the high temperature, cold, high flame retardant polyvinyl chloride material prepared in the above Examples 1-6 can pass the strict 150°C ⁇ 240h standard on the basis of maintaining the performance of the original polyvinyl chloride material.
  • the oxygen index reached above 40, and the low temperature impact embrittlement temperature reached below -50°C.
  • the temperature resistance grade of the comparative example in the prior art can only reach 90°C, which is completely embrittlement under the aging condition of 150°C ⁇ 240h; the low temperature can only reach -40°C and the oxygen index reaches 34, which cannot meet the requirements of cable bundle combustion A Class test requirements.
  • the high-temperature, cold-resistant, high-flame retardant polyvinyl chloride material of the present invention can meet the requirements of cable use in extremely hot and cold environments.
  • the YJV 3 ⁇ 50 cable made of this material as a sheath can pass the inspection of IEC 60332-3. Combustion Class A test.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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Abstract

一种耐高温耐寒高阻燃聚氯乙烯材料及其制备方法，包括下列重量份的组分：100份PVC树脂、10-30份增塑剂A、5-20份增塑剂B、5-20份增塑剂C、5-15份增塑剂D、10-25份阻燃剂A、15-30份阻燃剂B、10-20份阻燃剂C、12-20份热稳定剂、10-25份改性剂、1.0-2.5份加工助剂、0.8-2.0份抗氧剂；得到的聚氯乙烯材料兼顾耐高温、耐寒和阻燃性能的平衡，能够耐125℃高温和-50℃低温，并且氧指数40以上，由其制成的电缆，可在极热、极寒环境中使用，且阻燃性能优异。

Description

一种聚氯乙烯材料及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及电线电缆材料技术领域，特别涉及一种耐高温耐寒高阻燃聚氯乙烯材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前，聚氯乙烯因其性能优异、生产效率高、价格优廉等，广泛应用于电线电缆行业的各类电线上。但是普通的聚氯乙烯塑料的耐寒性和耐高温性能并不能够支持其在特殊环境中使用，如在冬季极寒温度低至-50℃的地区，或是夏天高温天气用于电机、发动机等位置的温度可达到125℃。因此要求聚氯乙烯电缆材料的耐寒性能和耐高温性能亟需进一步提高。
此外，通过对多起火灾事故实例进行研究，结果表明：除自然灾害外，大部分火灾是由于电器材料、建筑材料的阻燃性能差。PVC材料虽然自身含有氯元素，具有一定的阻燃性能，但是其作为电缆料仍然无法达到阻燃标准。现有的耐寒聚氯乙烯材料以耐-40℃低温为主、耐高温聚氯乙烯以耐90℃高温为主，且其氧指数只能达到30-32，无法满足成束燃烧A类的要求。
因此，如何提供一种性能优异的聚氯乙烯材料及其制备方法是本领域技术人员亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种耐高温耐寒高阻燃聚氯乙烯材料及其制备方法和应用，制备得到的聚氯乙烯材料的兼顾耐高温、耐寒和阻燃性能的平衡，能够耐125℃高温和-50℃低温，并且氧指数40以上，由其制成的电缆，可在极热、极寒环境中使用，阻燃性能优异，能够通过成束燃烧A类试验。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种耐高温耐寒高阻燃聚氯乙烯材料，包括下列重量份的组分：
Figure PCTCN2020113339-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020113339-appb-000002
上述优选技术方案的有益效果是：制备得到的聚氯乙烯材料的兼顾耐高温、耐寒和阻燃性能的平衡，能够耐125℃高温和-50℃低温，并且氧指数40以上，由其制成的电缆，可在极热、极寒环境中使用，阻燃性能优异，能够通过成束燃烧A类试验。
优选的，所述PVC树脂为1100～1800聚合度的PVC树脂中的一种或两种组合。
上述优选技术方案的有益效果是：本发明采用的PVC树脂具有优异的加工性能，容易进行工业化生产，同时具有优异的机械性能，从而使最终制备得到的聚氯乙烯材料机械性能优异，从而具有广泛的应用前景。
优选的，所述增塑剂A为邻苯二甲酸酯类，增塑剂B为磷酸酯类，增塑剂C为双季戊四醇酯，增塑剂D为癸二酸二辛酯。
上述优选技术方案的有益效果是：本发明采用的增塑剂A、增塑剂B和增塑剂C能够相互配合，并且配合稳定剂使用，能够显著提高聚氯乙烯料的耐高温和耐寒性能，达到耐125℃高温和-50℃低温的效果。
优选的，所述阻燃剂A为三氧化二锑，阻燃剂B为改性氢氧化镁，阻燃剂C为磷-氮复合阻燃剂。
上述优选技术方案的有益效果是：本发明中采用的阻燃剂A、阻燃剂B和阻燃剂C复配使用，使最终得到的聚氯乙烯料的氧指数在40以上，制成电缆可通过IEC 60332-3标准的成束燃烧A类试验。
优选的，所述热稳定剂为钙锌复合热稳定剂。
上述优选技术方案的有益效果是：本发明采用的热稳定剂与增塑剂A、增塑剂B和增塑剂C能够相互配合，能够显著提高聚氯乙烯料的耐高温性能，达到耐125℃高温的效果。
优选的，所述改性剂为氯化聚乙烯、丙烯酸酯共聚物中的一种或两种组合。
上述优选技术方案的有益效果是：本发明采用的改性剂与原料相互配合，能够提高复合材料的加工性和耐低温性能。
优选的，所述加工助剂为硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸、聚乙烯蜡中的两种或多种组合。
上述优选技术方案的有益效果是：本发明采用的加工助剂能够提高原料的加工性。
优选的，所述抗氧剂为四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯(抗氧剂1010)和三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯(抗氧剂168)中的一种或两种的组合。
上述优选技术方案的有益效果是：本发明采用抗氧剂能够提高材料的抗氧化性能，同时可以增强材料的耐高温性能。
本发明还提供了一种耐高温耐寒高阻燃聚氯乙烯材料的制备方法，具体包括下列步骤：
(1)根据上述耐高温耐寒高阻燃聚氯乙烯材料，称取各原料备用；
(2)将PVC树脂、增塑剂A、增塑剂B、增塑剂C、增塑剂D、阻燃剂A、阻燃剂B、阻燃剂C和热稳定剂混匀，温度控制再125℃-135℃、混合时间为8～15min；再向加入改性剂、加工助剂和抗氧剂，混合30～90s，得到均匀的混合料；
(3)将混合料挤出造粒，得到的塑料经过烘干即得聚氯乙烯材料。
进一步优选的，步骤(2)中加入至高速捏合机中进行搅拌混合，设置混合机夹套温度为125℃-135℃。
进一步优选的，步骤(3)中奖混合料加入至双螺杆和单螺杆组成的双阶挤出造粒机，双螺杆造粒机各段加热温度由120-150℃均匀递增，单螺杆造粒机各段加热温度由90-150℃均匀递增，机头温度150℃。
优选的，步骤(3)中所述烘干是在50℃-60℃干燥桶烘干1h。
上述优选技术方案的有益效果是：本发明能够得到颗粒均匀、塑化良好的聚氯乙烯材料，性能兼顾了耐高温、耐寒和阻燃性能的平衡。
本发明还提供了一种如上述的耐高温耐寒高阻燃聚氯乙烯材料在电缆料中的应用。
上述优选技术方案的有益效果是：采用本发明公开的耐高温耐寒高阻燃聚氯乙烯材料制成电缆，可在极热、极寒环境中使用，阻燃性能优异，能够通过成束燃烧A类试验。
经由上述的技术方案可知，与现有技术相比，本发明公开提供了一种耐高温耐寒高阻燃聚氯乙烯材料及其制备方法和应用，具有如下有益效果：
得到的聚氯乙烯材料兼顾耐高温、耐寒和阻燃性能的平衡，能够耐125℃高温和-50℃低温，并且氧指数40以上，由其制成的电缆，可在极热、极寒环境中使用，阻燃性能优异，能够通过成束燃烧A类试验。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例公开了一种耐高温耐寒高阻燃聚氯乙烯材料，包括下列重量份的组分：100份PVC树脂、10-30份增塑剂A、5-20份增塑剂B、5-20份增塑剂C、5-15份增塑剂D、10-25份阻燃剂A、15-30份阻燃剂B、10-20份阻燃剂C、12-20份热稳定剂、10-25份改性剂、1.0-2.5份加工助剂、0.8-2.0份抗氧剂；
其中，PVC树脂为1100～1800聚合度的PVC树脂中的一种或两种组合。
增塑剂A为邻苯二甲酸酯类，增塑剂B为磷酸酯类，增塑剂C为双季戊四醇酯，增塑剂D为癸二酸二辛酯。
阻燃剂A为三氧化二锑，阻燃剂B为改性氢氧化镁，阻燃剂C为磷-氮复合阻燃剂。
热稳定剂为钙锌复合热稳定剂。
改性剂为氯化聚乙烯、丙烯酸酯共聚物中的一种或两种组合。
加工助剂为硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸、聚乙烯蜡中的两种或多种组合。
抗氧剂为四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯和三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯中的一种或两种的组合。
本发明实施例还公开了一种耐高温耐寒高阻燃聚氯乙烯材料的制备方法，具体包括下列步骤：
(1)根据上述的耐高温耐寒高阻燃聚氯乙烯材料，称取各原料备用；
(2)将PVC树脂、增塑剂A、增塑剂B、增塑剂C、增塑剂D、阻燃剂A、阻燃剂B、阻燃剂C和热稳定剂加入至高速捏合机中进行搅拌混合，设置混合机夹套温度为125℃-135℃、混合时间8～15min；再向高速捏合机中加入改性剂、加工助剂和抗氧剂，混合30～90s，得到均匀的混合料；
(3)将混合料进入双螺杆和单螺杆组成的双阶挤出造粒机，双螺杆造粒机各段加热温度由120-150℃均匀递增，单螺杆造粒机各段加热温度由90-150℃均匀递增，得到的塑料经过50℃-60℃的干燥桶烘干1h即得耐高温耐寒高阻燃的聚氯乙烯材料。
实施例1～6
本发明实施例1～6公开了一种耐高温耐寒高阻燃聚氯乙烯材料的制备方法，具体包括下列步骤，其中原料的组成及配比如表1所示，各项技术参数如下表2所示：
(1)称取各原料备用；
其中PVC树脂购自宁波台塑公司；增塑剂购自江苏森禾公司；阻燃剂A购自木利锑业公司；阻燃剂B购自美国雅宝公司；阻燃剂C购自科莱恩公司；钙锌复合热稳定剂购自德国熊牌公司。
(2)将PVC树脂、增塑剂A、增塑剂B、增塑剂C、增塑剂D、阻燃剂A、阻燃剂B、阻燃剂C和热稳定剂加入至高速捏合机中进行搅拌混合，设置混合机夹套温度为125～135℃，第一混合时间8～15min；再向高速捏合机中加入改性剂、加工助剂和抗氧剂，第二混合时间为30～90s，得到均匀的混合料；
(3)将混合料进入双螺杆和单螺杆组成的双阶挤出造粒机，双螺杆造粒机各段加热温度为120±10℃、130±10℃、130±10℃、130±10℃、130±10℃、140±10℃、140±10℃、140±10℃、150±10℃，机头温度为150±10℃；单螺杆造粒机各段加热温度为90±10℃、110±20℃、130±20℃、150±10℃，得到的塑料在50℃-60℃的干燥桶中烘干1h，即得耐高温耐寒高阻燃的聚氯乙烯材料。
表1
Figure PCTCN2020113339-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2020113339-appb-000004
表2
Figure PCTCN2020113339-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2020113339-appb-000006
性能检测
对实施例1-6制得的耐高温耐寒高阻燃聚氯乙烯料，参考GB/T 8815-2008标准检测材料性能，并与现有技术中已有的90℃高阻燃耐寒聚氯乙烯塑料——上海凯波特种电缆料厂有限公司生产的CVC9012F34S40进行对比，其结果见表2所示。
表2
Figure PCTCN2020113339-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2020113339-appb-000008
由上述表2结果可以明显得知：上述实施例1-6中制得的耐高温耐寒高阻燃聚氯乙烯料在保持原来聚氯乙烯材料性能的基础上，可通过150℃×240h的严格老化测试，同时氧指数均达到40以上，低温冲击脆化温度达到-50℃以下。现有技术中的对比例耐温等级只能达到90℃，在150℃×240h的老化条件下已完全脆化；低温只能达到-40℃，氧指数达到34，无法满足电缆成束燃烧A类试验的要求。本发明的耐高温耐寒高阻燃聚氯乙烯料可以满足电缆在极端酷热和寒冷的环境中使用，由该料做护套制成的YJV 3×50电缆按照IEC 60332-3检测可通过成束燃烧A类试验。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。对于实施例公开的装置而言，由于其与实施例公开的方法相对应，所以描述的比较简单，相关之处参见方法部分说明即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种耐高温耐寒高阻燃聚氯乙烯材料，其特征在于，包括下列重量份的组分：
    Figure PCTCN2020113339-appb-100001
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温耐寒高阻燃聚氯乙烯材料，其特征在于，所述PVC树脂选自聚合度为1100～1800的PVC树脂中的一种或两种组合。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温耐寒高阻燃聚氯乙烯材料，其特征在于，所述增塑剂A为邻苯二甲酸酯类，增塑剂B为磷酸酯类，增塑剂C为双季戊四醇酯，增塑剂D为癸二酸二辛酯。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温耐寒高阻燃聚氯乙烯材料，其特征在于，所述阻燃剂A为三氧化二锑，阻燃剂B为改性氢氧化镁，阻燃剂C为磷-氮复合阻燃剂。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温耐寒高阻燃聚氯乙烯材料，其特征在于，所述热稳定剂为钙锌复合热稳定剂。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温耐寒高阻燃聚氯乙烯材料，其特征在于，所述改性剂为氯化聚乙烯、丙烯酸酯共聚物中的一种或两种组合。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温耐寒高阻燃聚氯乙烯材料，其特征在于，所述加工助剂为硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸、聚乙烯蜡中的两种或多种组合。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温耐寒高阻燃聚氯乙烯材料，其特征在于，所述抗氧剂为四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯和三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯中的一种或两种的组合。
  9. 一种耐高温耐寒高阻燃聚氯乙烯材料的制备方法，其特征在于，具体包括下列步骤：
    (1)根据权利要求1～8任一项所述的耐高温耐寒高阻燃聚氯乙烯材料称取各原料备用；
    (2)将PVC树脂、增塑剂A、增塑剂B、增塑剂C、增塑剂D、阻燃剂A、阻燃剂B、阻燃剂C和热稳定剂混匀，温度控制再125℃-135℃、混合时间问8～15min；再向加入改性剂、加工助剂和抗氧剂，混合30～90s，得到均匀的混合料；
    (3)将混合料挤出造粒，得到的塑料经过烘干即得聚氯乙烯材料。
  10. 一种如权利要求1～8任一项所述的耐高温耐寒高阻燃聚氯乙烯材料在电缆料中的应用。
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