WO2021109341A1 - 一种用于液氮中空输送的蜂窝密封结构刀柄 - Google Patents

一种用于液氮中空输送的蜂窝密封结构刀柄 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021109341A1
WO2021109341A1 PCT/CN2020/077099 CN2020077099W WO2021109341A1 WO 2021109341 A1 WO2021109341 A1 WO 2021109341A1 CN 2020077099 W CN2020077099 W CN 2020077099W WO 2021109341 A1 WO2021109341 A1 WO 2021109341A1
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Prior art keywords
tool holder
internal
liquid nitrogen
sealing
tool
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PCT/CN2020/077099
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘阔
班仔优
王永青
韩灵生
孔繁泽
王思琪
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大连理工大学
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Publication of WO2021109341A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021109341A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/12—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for securing to a spindle in general
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
    • B23Q11/1015—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work by supplying a cutting liquid through the spindle
    • B23Q11/1023—Tool holders, or tools in general specially adapted for receiving the cutting liquid from the spindle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
    • B23Q11/1038—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work using cutting liquids with special characteristics, e.g. flow rate, quality
    • B23Q11/1061—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work using cutting liquids with special characteristics, e.g. flow rate, quality using cutting liquids with specially selected composition or state of aggregation

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of tool holders for numerical control machine tools, and particularly relates to a honeycomb seal structure tool holder for hollow conveying of liquid nitrogen.
  • ultra-low temperature cutting This cutting method that uses liquid nitrogen as a coolant and lubricant is called ultra-low temperature cutting.
  • the external spray type supply can be realized by only improving the design of the tool holder, and it has become the main method of ultra-low temperature medium supply at present.
  • the external spray type supply can be realized by only the external medium supply and spray device, and it has become the main method of low-temperature medium supply at present.
  • the cooling and lubrication efficiency of external spray supply is not high, and it is impossible to accurately and efficiently cool and lubricate the cutting area. Therefore, the use of outer-rotating inner tool holders in the low-temperature cooling and lubrication method can not only solve the problem of low cooling efficiency, but also be suitable for low-temperature processing of traditional CNC machine tools.
  • Wang Fengbiao and others disclosed a liquid nitrogen internal spray type tool holder device in patent CN201410228633.8.
  • the tool holder is directly connected with the liquid nitrogen supply system to realize ultra-low temperature processing.
  • the device cannot solve the problem of liquid nitrogen sealing well, and it is easy to cause lubrication and freezing of the inner bearing of the knife handle and frost on the outer surface, which causes the knife handle to stop rotating, which is inconvenient to operate.
  • Wang Yongqing and others disclosed in CN201910084476.0 a tool holder suitable for cooling and lubrication of ultra-low temperature media.
  • the device adds a labyrinth sealing structure to solve the sealing problem of liquid nitrogen.
  • the tool holder structure is supported by a single-ended bearing, the tool holder has insufficient rigidity and the sealing effect of the labyrinth seal is not ideal under the limited size.
  • the main technical problem solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing tool holder device. Aiming at the problems of insufficient bearing support rigidity and unsatisfactory sealing effect of the existing externally rotating internally cooled tool holder, a method for hollow transportation of liquid nitrogen is invented Honeycomb seal structure knife handle.
  • a honeycomb sealing structure knife handle for hollow conveying of liquid nitrogen includes a knife handle main body 1, a peripheral static structure, a multilayer sealing structure, a heat insulation structure, and a supporting structure at both ends of the bearing;
  • the left end of the tool holder body 1 is a tapered surface 1-d, which is used to cooperate with the spindle head 6.2 of the machine tool to realize the positioning of the tool holder; the end of the tapered surface 1-d is perpendicular to the tapered surface 1-d with internal thread of the tool holder. 1-c; the extension of the tapered surface 1-d is provided with a flange 1-b; the right end of the shank body 1 is a stepped shaft, with a shoulder 1-e of the stepped shaft and a shoulder two 1-e of the stepped shaft j.
  • Tool shank external thread 1-f, tool shank external thread 2-k and tool shank external thread 3-m, and tool shank external thread 1-f is located on the shoulder 1-e of the stepped shaft and the stepped shaft Between shoulder two 1-j of the shank, the external thread two 1-k of the shank and the external thread three 1-m of the shank are located at the right end of the shoulder two 1-j of the stepped shaft, which is used for the main body 1 of the tool shank and other structures Between the positioning and installation; the stepped shaft surface at the right end of the tool holder body 1 is provided with a sealing groove 1-g on the shaft, a sealing groove 2-i on the shaft and an annular groove 1-h, and the annular groove 1-h is located on the shaft for sealing Between the groove 1-g and the seal groove 2-i on the shaft; the annular groove 1-h communicates with the internal flow passage 1-a, and the internal flow passage 1-a is a circular hole flow passage inclined at an angle to the horizontal plane.
  • the inlet is connected to the annular groove 1-h; the inclination angle of the internal flow channel 1-a is used to reduce the pressure drop loss of liquid nitrogen during the flow process; the internal flow channel 1-a communicates with the internal flow channel 2-n, and Runner 2 1-n is a horizontal circular hole runner, located at the right end inside the main body of the tool holder.
  • the liquid nitrogen L exiting from the internal runner 2 1-n will enter the internal runner 6.6-a of the hollow internal cooling tool 6.6 ;
  • the peripheral static structure is mainly composed of a metal shell 2.1, a heat-insulating shell 2.2 and an adapter sleeve 2.3;
  • the metal shell 2.1 has a positioning shoulder 2.1-a inside which is positioned with the outer end faces of the left end bearing 5.1 and the adapter sleeve 2.3 respectively ;
  • the heat-insulating shell 2.2 is made of materials with low thermal conductivity.
  • the heat-insulating shell 2.2 has a sealing tooth structure 2.2-a and an internal end surface 2.2-b, of which the internal end surface 2.2-b is used for the positioning and compression of the right end bearing 5.5 ;
  • the adapter sleeve 2.3 is made of materials with low thermal conductivity and is sleeved on the outside of the shaft surface where the annular groove 1-h on the outer surface of the tool holder body 1 is located;
  • the adapter sleeve 2.3 has an internal threaded hole 2.3-a on the outer surface for use It is connected to the external threaded joint 6.4-a of the transport insulation hose 6.4 of the external liquid nitrogen transport system;
  • the inner surface of the adapter sleeve 2.3 is provided with an arc groove 2.3-c and the outer surface of the tool holder body 1 is opposite to the annular groove 1-h Match to form part of the internal flow channel; liquid nitrogen L flows in through the internal threaded hole 2.3-a, temporarily stored and buffered in the arc
  • the heat-insulating structure is mainly composed of heat-insulating filling material 3.1, inner runner heat-insulating bushing 3.2, inner runner heat-insulating bushing 2 3.3, and heat-insulating shell 2.2; the heat-insulating structure adopts materials with low thermal conductivity.
  • the insulating filler material 3.1 is wrapped on the outside of the metal shell 2.1, It is compressed by the heat-insulating shell 2.2; the inner runner heat-insulating bushing 3.2 is installed in the inclined inner runner 1-a of the tool holder body 1, and the inner runner heat-insulating bushing 3.3 is installed in the horizontal interior.
  • the heat insulation shell 2.2 is installed on the outside of the heat insulation filling material 3.1, and the metal shell 2.1 is connected by bolts for compaction;
  • the heat-insulating shell 2.2 helps prevent the liquid nitrogen L sprayed from the inner runner 6.6-a of the hollow inner cooling tool 6.6 from affecting the right end bearing 5.5, and prevents it from frosting and stalling;
  • the multi-layer sealing structure is mainly composed of end face seal 4.1, peripheral labyrinth sealing structure 4.2, peripheral sealing ring 4.3, sealing ring right gland 4.4, contact sealing ring 4.5, internal honeycomb sealing structure 4.6, and internal honeycomb sealing structure Two 4.7, contact seal ring two 4.8 and seal ring left gland 4.9 composition;
  • the end face seal 4.1 is made of high temperature resistant, low thermal conductivity materials, used to prevent liquid nitrogen L and hollow internal cooling tool 6.6 contact and leakage
  • the outer labyrinth sealing structure 4.2 is composed of the sealing tooth structure 2.2-a of the heat-insulating shell 2.2 and the outer sealing ring 4.3, which is used to increase the resistance of leakage flow and prevent the liquid nitrogen L sprayed from the hollow inner cooling tool 6.6 to the right end bearing 5.5 Impact;
  • the outer sealing ring 4.3 is made of a material with low thermal conductivity, and is connected with the outer thread of the shank on the shaft end of the shank body 1 through the internal thread 2-k;
  • the supporting structure at both ends of the bearing is mainly composed of a left end bearing 5.1, a bearing gland 5.2, a bearing sleeve 5.3, a tightening nut 5.4, and a right end bearing 5.5; the supporting structure at both ends of the bearing adopts the method of supporting at both ends to improve the handle Dynamic performance; the left end bearing 5.1 is installed on the shoulder 1-e of the stepped shaft of the tool holder body 1, and the bearing sleeve 5.3 is sequentially inserted from the right end of the tool holder body 1 and locked by the tightening nut 5.4 to produce a preset
  • the tightening force realizes the fixing of the left end bearing 5.1 on the outer surface of the stepped shaft of the tool holder body; the end face of the right end bearing 5.5 is in contact with the end face shoulder 2.3-e of the adapter sleeve 2.3 to achieve positioning, and depends on the inner end face 2.2- of the heat-insulating shell 2.2- b Realize compaction; both the left
  • the tool holder connecting frame 6.3 has one end fixed on the outer circular surface of the heat-insulating shell 2.2, and the other end is connected with the stationary components of the machine tool to ensure that the external structure of the low-temperature and micro-lubricated tool holder and the machine tool remain stationary;
  • the spindle head of the machine tool 6.2 is located At the end of the machine tool spindle, when the honeycomb seal structure tool holder transported by liquid nitrogen is used, the taper surface 1-d of the tool holder body 1 and the machine tool spindle head 6.2 are positioned and installed through the pull nail 6.1;
  • the transportation insulation hose 6.4 is connected to the outside
  • the liquid nitrogen L supply system is connected to the tool holder through the external thread 6.4-a of the insulated hose connector, so that the liquid nitrogen L enters the tool holder from the supply system; the liquid nitrogen L finally enters the hollow internally cooled tool installed at the end of the tool holder 6.6, and spray into the cutting area through the tool's internal flow channel 6.6-a; the hollow
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that it solves the problems of the existing liquid nitrogen internal spray type knife handle for liquid nitrogen sealing, insufficient heat insulation performance and serious end face friction caused by the single-end support of the knife handle, and improves the utilization rate of liquid nitrogen.
  • the use performance and life of the tool holder are improved, and the safety is high, and the operation is convenient. It can be applied to CNC machine tools to realize internal spray type ultra-low temperature cutting processing.
  • Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the inside of the main body of the honeycomb sealing structure knife handle for hollow conveying of liquid nitrogen;
  • Figure 2 is an internal cross-sectional view of a honeycomb sealing structure knife handle used for hollow conveying of liquid nitrogen;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the adapter sleeve 2.3 of the honeycomb seal structure knife handle for hollow conveying of liquid nitrogen;
  • Figure 4 is a view from the direction A of the adapter sleeve 2.3 honeycomb belt 2.3-b;
  • Figure 5 is a partial view of the honeycomb sealing structure between the adapter sleeve 2.3 and the handle body 1;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of assembling a honeycomb sealing structure knife handle for hollow conveying of liquid nitrogen
  • a honeycomb sealing structure knife handle for hollow conveying of liquid nitrogen is improved on the basis of the traditional knife handle structure. As shown in Figure 2, it includes a tool holder body, a peripheral static structure, a multilayer sealing structure and a heat insulation structure, and a supporting structure at both ends of the bearing.
  • the tightening nut 5.4 provides pre-tightening force for the left end bearing 5.1; install the honeycomb belt one 2.3-b and honeycomb belt two 2.3-d into the structure
  • the base body is the adapter sleeve 2.3, and then match the arc groove 2.3-c with the annular groove 1-h on the shaft correspondingly, and use the right sealing ring gland 4.4 and the sealing ring left gland 4.9 to respectively set the contact seal ring to 4.5
  • contact seal ring two 4.8 are pressed on the left and right sides of the adapter sleeve 2.3; rely on the inner positioning shoulder 2.1-a of the metal shell 2.1 and the left end bearing 5.1 to fit into the metal shell 2.1; use the end shaft of the adapter sleeve 2.3 Shoulder 2.3-e position and install the right end bearing 5.5; rely on the cooperation of the inner thread of the outer sealing ring 4.3 and the outer thread of the tool holder 2-k to tighten the outer sealing ring 4.3; wrap the
  • the operation mode of the tool holder device is as follows:
  • the transmission control system of liquid nitrogen L is turned on to automatically transport the medium.
  • the liquid nitrogen flows through the internal flow channel 1-a and the internal flow channel two 1-n, and then enters the hollow internal cooling tool 6.6, and finally passes The tool internal runner 6.6-a of the hollow internal cooling tool 6.6 is sprayed onto the cutting area to realize the external rotation and internal flow of liquid nitrogen for low-temperature processing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于液氮中空输送的蜂窝密封结构刀柄，包括刀柄主体（1）、***静止结构、多层密封结构、隔热结构以及轴承两端支撑结构。刀柄主体（1）包括环形槽（1-h），环形槽（1-h）依次连通内部流道一（1-a）、内部流道二（1-n），内部流道一（1-a）为与水平面倾斜角度的圆孔流道；多层密封结构包括***迷宫密封结构、蜂窝密封结构、接触式密封圈和端面密封件，其中***静止结构的转接套（2.3）与刀柄主体（1）之间采用蜂窝密封，隔热结构的隔热外壳（2.2）和多层密封结构的***密封环（4.3）之间采用***迷宫密封结构（4.2）。该刀柄实现了液氮从储存罐中通过刀柄内部运输到切削区域，解决了现有刀柄存在的液氮密封、隔热性能不足以及刀柄工作单端支撑导致的端面摩擦严重的问题。

Description

一种用于液氮中空输送的蜂窝密封结构刀柄 技术领域
本发明属于数控机床刀具刀柄技术领域，特别涉及一种用于液氮中空输送的蜂窝密封结构刀柄。
 背景技术
随着航天工业的发展，人们对航天设备的性能要求也越来越高，因此钛合金、高温合金等一些具备耐高温、抗腐蚀等优良特性的难加工材料成为航天等高端设备领域零部件制造时采用的关键材料。然而这些难加工材料通常呈现高粘、高韧、各向异性等特性，采用常规切削很难达到很好的切削效果。实验表明对切削局部区域施以超低温介质如液氮，能够有效降低钛合金等难加工材料在切削加工中极高的切削热，改善材料切削性能、提高刀具寿命，并代替传统切削液，实现绿色制造。这种采用液氮作为冷却剂、润滑剂的切削方式称为超低温切削。
对于目前的超低温切削而言，主要有两种超低温介质供给方式，内喷式和外喷式。外喷式供给由于仅需对刀柄进行改进设计就可以实现，成为目前超低温介质供给的主要方式。外喷式供给由于仅需外加介质供给、喷射装置就可以实现，成为目前低温介质供给的主要方式。但外喷式供给的冷却润滑效率不高，无法对切削区域准确、高效地进行冷却润滑。因此，在低温冷却润滑方式中采用外转内刀柄，即能解决冷却效率低的问题，又能够适用于传统数控机床的低温加工。
2014年，王凤彪等人在专利CN201410228633.8公开了一种液氮内喷式刀柄装置，刀柄与液氮供给***直接相连实现超低温加工。但是该装置不能很好地解决液氮密封问题，容易导致刀柄内轴承润滑冻住以及外表面结霜而使刀柄停转，操作不便。2019年，王永青等人在CN201910084476.0中公开了一种适用于超低温介质冷却润滑的刀柄，该装置加入了迷宫密封结构解决液氮的密封问题。但是该刀柄结构采用单端轴承支撑，刀柄刚性不足并且在有限尺寸下迷宫密封的密封效果并不理想。
 技术问题
本发明主要解决的技术问题是克服现有刀柄装置的不足，针对已有外转内冷刀柄的轴承支撑刚性不足、密封效果不理想等难题，发明了一种用于液氮中空输送的蜂窝密封结构刀柄。
 技术解决方案
本发明的技术方案：
一种用于液氮中空输送的蜂窝密封结构刀柄包括刀柄主体1、***静止结构、多层密封结构、隔热结构以及轴承两端支撑结构；
所述的刀柄主体1的左端为锥面1-d，用于与机床主轴头6.2配合实现刀柄的定位；锥面1-d端部垂直于锥面1-d设有刀柄内螺纹1-c；锥面1-d延伸处设有法兰盘1-b；刀柄主体1的右端为阶梯轴，设有阶梯轴的轴肩一1-e、阶梯轴的轴肩二1-j、刀柄外螺纹一1-f、刀柄外螺纹二1-k和刀柄外螺纹三1-m，刀柄外螺纹一1-f位于阶梯轴的轴肩一1-e和阶梯轴的轴肩二1-j之间，刀柄外螺纹二1-k和刀柄外螺纹三1-m位于阶梯轴的轴肩二1-j右端，用于刀柄主体1与刀柄其他结构之间的定位和安装；刀柄主体1右端阶梯轴表面设有轴上密封槽一1-g、轴上密封槽二1-i和环形槽1-h，环形槽1-h位于轴上密封槽一1-g和轴上密封槽二1-i之间；环形槽1-h连通内部流道一1-a，内部流道一1-a为与水平面倾斜角度的圆孔流道，其入口与环形槽1-h连通；内部流道一1-a的倾斜角度用于降低液氮在流动过程中压降损失；内部流道一1-a与内部流道二1-n相通，内部流道二1-n为水平方向的圆孔流道，位于刀柄主体内部的右端，从内部流道二1-n出去的液氮L将进入中空内冷刀具6.6的内部流道6.6-a；
所述的***静止结构主要由金属外壳2.1、隔热外壳2.2和转接套2.3组成；金属外壳2.1内部有定位轴肩2.1-a，分别与左端轴承5.1和转接套2.3的外端面进行定位；隔热外壳2.2采用导热系数较低的材料制成，隔热外壳2.2上有密封齿结构2.2-a以及内部端面2.2-b，其中内部端面2.2-b用于右端轴承5.5的定位和压紧；转接套2.3采用导热系数低的材料制成，套装在刀柄主体1外表面环形槽1-h所在的轴表面的外侧；转接套2.3外表面开有内螺纹孔2.3-a，用于和外部液氮运输***的运输隔热软管6.4的外螺纹接头6.4-a连接；转接套2.3内表面设有弧形槽2.3-c与刀柄主体1外表面环形槽1-h相配合，构成内部流动通道的一部分；液氮L通过内螺纹孔2.3-a流入，在弧形槽2.3-c内得到暂时的储存、缓冲，再流入刀柄主体的内部流道一1-a中；转接套2.3具有端面轴肩2.3-e，用于右端轴承5.5的定位支撑；转接套2.3的弧形槽2.3-c的左、右两侧分别安装有蜂窝带一2.3-b和蜂窝带二2.3-d；蜂窝带一2.3-b和蜂窝带二2.3-d采用薄板加工而成，由多排多列的内孔表面为蜂窝形状的六边形蜂窝孔组成，与转接套2.3之间采用过盈配合进行配合并采用焊接固定；
所述的隔热结构主要由隔热填充材料3.1、内流道隔热衬套一3.2、内流道隔热衬套二3.3和隔热外壳2.2组成；隔热结构均采用低导热系数的材料制成，其主要是防止液氮L流经内部流道一1-a和内部流道二1-b时其低温对刀柄结构的影响；隔热填充材料3.1包裹在金属外壳2.1的外侧，并由隔热外壳2.2压紧；内流道隔热衬套一3.2安装在刀柄主体1的倾斜的内部流道一1-a中、内流道隔热衬套二3.3安装在水平的内部流道二1-n中，用于减少液氮L在刀柄主体1内流动时的热损失；隔热外壳2.2安装在隔热填充材料3.1的外侧，通过螺栓连接金属外壳2.1以压实；隔热外壳2.2有助于防止从中空内冷刀具6.6的刀具内流道6.6-a喷出的液氮L对右端轴承5.5的影响，防止其结霜停转；
所述的多层密封结构主要由端面密封件4.1、***迷宫密封结构4.2、***密封环4.3、密封圈右压盖4.4、接触式密封圈一4.5、内部蜂窝密封结构一4.6、内部蜂窝密封结构二4.7、接触式密封圈二4.8以及密封圈左压盖4.9组成；端面密封件4.1采用耐高温、导热系数低的材料制成，用于防止液氮L和中空内冷刀具6.6接触配合时泄漏；***迷宫密封结构4.2由隔热外壳2.2的密封齿结构2.2-a和***密封环4.3构成，用于增加泄漏流动的阻力防止从中空内冷刀具6.6喷出的液氮L对右端轴承5.5的影响；***密封环4.3由导热系数低的材料制成，并通过内螺纹和刀柄主体1轴端上的刀柄外螺纹二1-k相连接；内部蜂窝密封结构一4.6由轴上密封槽二1-i和蜂窝带二2.3-d组成，用于增加泄漏流动的阻力提高对液氮L的密封效果；内部蜂窝密封结构二4.7由轴上密封槽一1-g和蜂窝带一2.3-b组成，用于增加泄漏流动的阻力提高对液氮L的密封效果；密封圈右压盖4.4和密封圈左压盖4.9分别分布在转接套2.3外表面的两侧，与转接套2.3之间分别用螺栓连接，以压紧接触式密封圈一4.5和接触式密封圈二4.8；接触式密封圈一4.5和接触式密封圈二4.8采用导热系数较低且耐高温的材料制成，用于防止液氮泄漏到内部轴承***，保证轴承组件正常工作；
所述的轴承两端支撑结构主要由左端轴承5.1、轴承压盖5.2、轴承套筒5.3、紧定螺母5.4以及右端轴承5.5组成；轴承两端支撑结构采用两端支撑的方式，提高该刀柄动力学性能；左端轴承5.1安装在刀柄主体1的阶梯轴的轴肩一1-e上，从刀柄主体1的右端依次套入轴承套筒5.3并通过紧定螺母5.4锁紧，产生预紧力，实现左端轴承5.1在刀柄主体阶梯轴外表面上的固定；右端轴承5.5端面与转接套2.3的端面轴肩2.3-e接触实现定位，并依靠隔热外壳2.2的内部端面2.2-b实现压紧；左端轴承5.1和右端轴承5.5均采用带有接触密封圈型的轴承。
所述的刀柄连接架6.3，一端固定在隔热外壳2.2的外圆面上，另一端和机床静止的组件连接，保证低温微量润滑刀柄的外部结构和机床保持静止；机床主轴头6.2位于机床主轴末端，当液氮中空输送的蜂窝密封结构刀柄使用时，通过拉钉6.1使得刀柄主体1的锥面1-d和机床主轴头6.2定位、安装；运输隔热软管6.4外部连接液氮L供给***，并通过隔热软管接头外螺纹6.4-a和刀柄相连接，使得液氮L从供给***进入刀柄；液氮L最终进入安装在刀柄末端的中空内冷刀具6.6，并通过刀具内部流道6.6-a喷射到切削区域；中空内冷刀具6.6依靠弹性筒夹6.5的锥面和刀柄主体1右端的内部锥面进行定位，然后依靠螺纹和刀柄外螺纹三1-m进行夹紧安装。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果是，解决了现有液氮内喷式刀柄对液氮密封、隔热性能不足以及刀柄工作单端支撑导致的端面摩擦严重的问题，提高了液氮的利用率，提高了刀柄的使用性能和寿命，并且安全性高、操作便捷，能够应用于数控机床实现内喷式的超低温切削加工。
 附图说明
图1是用于液氮中空输送的蜂窝密封结构刀柄主体内部剖视图；
图2是用于液氮中空输送的蜂窝密封结构刀柄内部剖视图；
图3是用于液氮中空输送的蜂窝密封结构刀柄的转接套2.3剖视图；
图4是转接套2.3蜂窝带2.3-b的A向视图；
图5是转接套2.3和刀柄主体1之间蜂窝密封结构的局部视图；
图6是用于液氮中空输送的蜂窝密封结构刀柄装配示意图；
图中：1刀柄主体；1-a内部流道一；1-b法兰盘；1-c刀柄内螺纹；1-d锥面；1-e阶梯轴的轴肩；1-f刀柄外螺纹一；1-g轴上密封槽一；1-h环形槽；1-i轴上密封槽二；1-j阶梯轴的轴肩二；1-k刀柄外螺纹二；1-m刀柄外螺纹三；1-n内部流道二；内部流道一1-a的倾斜角度；2.1金属外壳；2.1-a定位轴肩；2.2隔热外壳；2.2-a密封齿结构；2.2-b内部端面；2.3转接套；2.3-a内螺纹孔；2.3-b蜂窝带一；2.3-c弧形槽；2.3-d蜂窝带二；2.3-e端面轴肩；3.1隔热填充材料；3.2内流道隔热衬套一；3.3内流道隔热衬套二；4.1端面密封件；4.2***迷宫密封结构；4.3***密封环；4.4密封圈右压盖；4.5接触式密封圈一；4.6内部蜂窝密封结构一；4.7内部蜂窝密封结构二；4.8接触式密封圈二；4.9密封圈左压盖；5.1左端轴承；5.2轴承压盖；5.3轴承套筒；5.4紧定螺母；5.5右端轴承；6.1拉钉；6.2机床主轴头；6.3刀柄连接架；6.4运输隔热软管；6.4-a外螺纹接头；6.5弹性筒夹；6.6中空内冷刀具；6.6-a刀具内流道；L液氮。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图和技术方案详细说明本发明的具体实施方式。
一种用于液氮中空输送的蜂窝密封结构刀柄是在传统刀柄结构的基础上进行改进的。如图2所示，包括刀柄主体、***静止结构、多层密封结构和隔热结构、以及轴承两端支撑结构。
如图2所示，安装时，将内流道隔热衬套一3.2在低温下冷装入刀柄内部流道一1-a，将内流道隔热衬套二3.3在低温下冷装入刀柄内流道二1-n，然后将端面密封件4.1和内流道隔热衬套二3.3相配合，完成内部流道中的隔热密封结构安装；将左端轴承5.1按照刀柄主体1的阶梯轴的轴肩1-e进行定位，依次装入轴承套筒5.3，紧定螺母5.4为左端轴承5.1提供预紧力；将蜂窝带一2.3-b、蜂窝带二2.3-d结构装入基体即转接套2.3中，然后将弧形槽2.3-c和轴上环形槽1-h对应配合，并利用密封圈右压盖4.4和密封圈左压盖4.9分别将接触式密封圈一4.5和接触式密封圈二4.8压紧在转接套2.3的左右两侧；依靠金属外壳2.1内部定位轴肩2.1-a和左端轴承5.1的配合装入金属外壳2.1；利用转接套2.3的端面轴肩2.3-e定位安装右端轴承5.5；依靠***密封环4.3的内螺纹和刀柄外螺纹二1-k的配合，拧紧***密封环4.3；在金属外壳2.1***包裹上隔热填充材料3.1，装入隔热外壳2.2，并拧紧所有外壳上的螺栓提供足够的压紧力。以上步骤，完成了用于液氮中空输送的蜂窝密封结构刀柄的安装。
如图1、2、3、4、5、6为了保证装配好的刀柄能够满足实际加工中的性能需要如密封要求、加工精度等，需保证各零部件之间的装配精度。1、轴承内圈和刀柄主体之间及接触式密封圈和刀柄之间均为过盈配合，并具有同轴度要求。2、和轴承定位、接触的端面需要保证其端面垂直度要求；3、端面密封件4.1和中空内冷刀具6.6的接触表面要有平面度要求，保证刀具定位精度。4、刀柄主体内部流道一1-a的设计。合理设计流道倾斜角度可以减少液氮在流道中的压力损失。5、蜂窝带一2.3-b、蜂窝带二2.3-d和转接套2.3之间采用过盈配合。6、蜂窝带的加工要求。蜂窝带需要保证完整的表面形状和强度，以达到密封的要求。
该刀柄装置的操作方式如下：
（1）如图5所示，加工时，将中空内冷刀具6.6沿弹性筒夹6.5的中心孔***，通过刀柄外螺纹三1-m旋紧弹性筒夹6.5即可完成刀具的安装；
（2）如图1、图6所示，将装有刀具的刀柄安装至机床主轴头6.2的锥孔内，将拉钉6.1旋入刀柄内螺纹1-c后拉紧刀柄，使刀柄主体1的锥面1-d与机床主轴头6.2的锥面紧密接触配合，完成刀柄安装定位；将刀柄通过刀柄连接架6.3固定在机床床身上；
（3）打开主轴电机，刀柄主体1、轴承两端支撑结构、内流道隔热衬套一3.2、内流道隔热衬套二3.3、端面密封件4.1、弹性筒夹6.5以及中空内冷刀具6.6随主轴旋转、进给实现切削；***主体结构、多层密封结构及运输隔热软管6.4、随机床床身保持静止；
（4）如图5所示，打开液氮L的传输控制***自动输送介质，液氮流经内部流道一1-a、内部流道二1-n后进入中空内冷刀具6.6，最后通过中空内冷刀具6.6的刀具内流道6.6-a喷到切削区域，实现液氮的外转内流动，进行低温加工。
应该说明的是，本发明的上述具体实施方式仅用于示例性阐述本发明的原理和流程，不构成对本发明的限制。因此，在不偏离本发明精神和范围的情况下所做的任何修改和等同替换，均应包含在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (1)

  1. 一种用于液氮中空输送的蜂窝密封结构刀柄包括刀柄主体（1）、***静止结构、多层密封结构、隔热结构以及轴承两端支撑结构；
    所述的刀柄主体（1）的左端为锥面（1-d），用于与机床主轴头（6.2）配合实现刀柄的定位；锥面（1-d）端部垂直于锥面（1-d）设有刀柄内螺纹（1-c）；锥面（1-d）延伸处设有法兰盘（1-b）；刀柄主体（1）的右端为阶梯轴，设有阶梯轴的轴肩一（1-e）、阶梯轴的轴肩二（1-j）、刀柄外螺纹一（1-f）、刀柄外螺纹二（1-k）和刀柄外螺纹三（1-m），刀柄外螺纹一（1-f）位于阶梯轴的轴肩一（1-e）和阶梯轴的轴肩二（1-j）之间，刀柄外螺纹二（1-k）和刀柄外螺纹三（1-m）位于阶梯轴的轴肩二（1-j）右端，用于刀柄主体（1）与刀柄其他结构之间的定位和安装；刀柄主体（1）右端阶梯轴表面设有轴上密封槽一（1-g）、轴上密封槽二（1-i）和环形槽（1-h），环形槽（1-h）位于轴上密封槽一（1-g）和轴上密封槽二（1-i）之间；环形槽（1-h）连通内部流道一（1-a），内部流道一（1-a）为与水平面倾斜角度的圆孔流道，其入口与环形槽（1-h）连通；内部流道一（1-a）的倾斜角度用于降低液氮在流动过程中压降损失；内部流道一（1-a）与内部流道二（1-n）相通，内部流道二（1-n）为水平方向的圆孔流道，位于刀柄主体内部的右端，从内部流道二（1-n）出去的液氮（L）将进入中空内冷刀具（6.6）的内部流道（6.6-a）；
    所述的***静止结构主要由金属外壳（2.1）、隔热外壳（2.2）和转接套（2.3）组成；金属外壳（2.1）内部有定位轴肩（2.1-a），分别与左端轴承（5.1）和转接套（2.3）的外端面进行定位；隔热外壳（2.2）采用导热系数较低的材料制成，隔热外壳（2.2）上有密封齿结构（2.2-a）以及内部端面（2.2-b），其中内部端面（2.2-b）用于右端轴承（5.5）的定位和压紧；转接套（2.3）采用导热系数低的材料制成，套装在刀柄主体（1）外表面环形槽（1-h）所在的轴表面的外侧；转接套（2.3）外表面开有内螺纹孔（2.3-a），用于和外部液氮运输***的运输隔热软管（6.4）的外螺纹接头（6.4-a）连接；转接套（2.3）内表面设有弧形槽（2.3-c）与刀柄主体（1）外表面环形槽（1-h）相配合，构成内部流动通道的一部分；液氮（L）通过内螺纹孔（2.3-a）流入，在弧形槽（2.3-c）内得到暂时的储存、缓冲，再流入刀柄主体的内部流道一（1-a）中；转接套（2.3）具有端面轴肩（2.3-e），用于右端轴承（5.5）的定位支撑；转接套（2.3）的弧形槽（2.3-c）的左、右两侧分别安装有蜂窝带一（2.3-b）和蜂窝带二（2.3-d）；蜂窝带一（2.3-b）和蜂窝带二（2.3-d）采用薄板加工而成，由多排多列的内孔表面为蜂窝形状的六边形蜂窝孔组成，与转接套（2.3）之间采用过盈配合进行配合并采用焊接固定；
    所述的隔热结构主要由隔热填充材料（3.1）、内流道隔热衬套一（3.2）、内流道隔热衬套二（3.3）和隔热外壳（2.2）组成；隔热结构均采用低导热系数的材料制成，其主要是防止液氮（L）流经内部流道一（1-a）和内部流道二1-b时其低温对刀柄结构的影响；隔热填充材料（3.1）包裹在金属外壳（2.1）的外侧，并由隔热外壳（2.2）压紧；内流道隔热衬套一（3.2）安装在刀柄主体（1）的倾斜的内部流道一（1-a）中、内流道隔热衬套二（3.3）安装在水平的内部流道二（1-n）中，用于减少液氮（L）在刀柄主体（1）内流动时的热损失；隔热外壳（2.2）安装在隔热填充材料（3.1）的外侧，通过螺栓连接金属外壳（2.1）以压实；隔热外壳（2.2）有助于防止从中空内冷刀具（6.6）的刀具内流道（6.6-a）喷出的液氮（L）对右端轴承（5.5）的影响，防止其结霜停转；
    所述的多层密封结构主要由端面密封件（4.1）、***迷宫密封结构（4.2）、***密封环（4.3）、密封圈右压盖（4.4）、接触式密封圈一（4.5）、内部蜂窝密封结构一（4.6）、内部蜂窝密封结构二（4.7）、接触式密封圈二（4.8）以及密封圈左压盖（4.9）组成；端面密封件（4.1）采用耐高温、导热系数低的材料制成，用于防止液氮（L）和中空内冷刀具（6.6）接触配合时泄漏；***迷宫密封结构（4.2）由隔热外壳（2.2）的密封齿结构（2.2-a）和***密封环（4.3）构成，用于增加泄漏流动的阻力防止从中空内冷刀具（6.6）喷出的液氮（L）对右端轴承（5.5）的影响；***密封环（4.3）由导热系数低的材料制成，并通过内螺纹和刀柄主体（1）轴端上的刀柄外螺纹二（1-k）相连接；内部蜂窝密封结构一（4.6）由轴上密封槽二（1-i）和蜂窝带二（2.3-d）组成，用于增加泄漏流动的阻力提高对液氮（L）的密封效果；内部蜂窝密封结构二（4.7）由轴上密封槽一（1-g）和蜂窝带一（2.3-b）组成，用于增加泄漏流动的阻力提高对液氮（L）的密封效果；密封圈右压盖（4.4）和密封圈左压盖（4.9）分别分布在转接套（2.3）外表面的两侧，与转接套（2.3）之间分别用螺栓连接，以压紧接触式密封圈一（4.5）和接触式密封圈二（4.8）；接触式密封圈一（4.5）和接触式密封圈二（4.8）采用导热系数较低且耐高温的材料制成，用于防止液氮泄漏到内部轴承***，保证轴承组件正常工作；
    所述的轴承两端支撑结构主要由左端轴承（5.1）、轴承压盖（5.2）、轴承套筒（5.3）、紧定螺母（5.4）以及右端轴承（5.5）组成；轴承两端支撑结构采用两端支撑的方式，提高该刀柄动力学性能；左端轴承（5.1）安装在刀柄主体（1）的阶梯轴的轴肩一（1-e）上，从刀柄主体（1）的右端依次套入轴承套筒（5.3）并通过紧定螺母（5.4）锁紧，产生预紧力，实现左端轴承（5.1）在刀柄主体阶梯轴外表面上的固定；右端轴承（5.5）端面与转接套（2.3）的端面轴肩（2.3-e）接触实现定位，并依靠隔热外壳（2.2）的内部端面（2.2-b）实现压紧；左端轴承（5.1）和右端轴承（5.5）均采用带有接触密封圈型的轴承；
    所述的刀柄连接架（6.3），一端固定在隔热外壳（2.2）的外圆面上，另一端和机床静止的组件连接，保证低温微量润滑刀柄的外部结构和机床保持静止；机床主轴头（6.2）位于机床主轴末端，当液氮中空输送的蜂窝密封结构刀柄使用时，通过拉钉（6.1）使得刀柄主体（1）的锥面（1-d）和机床主轴头（6.2）定位、安装；运输隔热软管（6.4）外部连接液氮（L）供给***，并通过隔热软管接头外螺纹（6.4-a）和刀柄相连接，使得液氮（L）从供给***进入刀柄；液氮（L）最终进入安装在刀柄末端的中空内冷刀具（6.6），并通过刀具内流道（6.6-a）喷射到切削区域；中空内冷刀具（6.6）依靠弹性筒夹（6.5）的锥面和刀柄主体（1）右端的内部锥面进行定位，然后依靠螺纹和刀柄外螺纹三（1-m）进行夹紧安装。
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