WO2021099740A1 - Vitrage feuillete a resistance amelioree a des types d'impacts relativement ponctuels - Google Patents

Vitrage feuillete a resistance amelioree a des types d'impacts relativement ponctuels Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021099740A1
WO2021099740A1 PCT/FR2020/052122 FR2020052122W WO2021099740A1 WO 2021099740 A1 WO2021099740 A1 WO 2021099740A1 FR 2020052122 W FR2020052122 W FR 2020052122W WO 2021099740 A1 WO2021099740 A1 WO 2021099740A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
laminated glazing
equal
polymer material
thickness
glazing according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2020/052122
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas TONDU
Original Assignee
Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint-Gobain Glass France filed Critical Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority to EP20821342.1A priority Critical patent/EP4061628A1/fr
Priority to IL293147A priority patent/IL293147A/en
Priority to KR1020227019136A priority patent/KR20220102627A/ko
Priority to CN202080080442.5A priority patent/CN114650909A/zh
Priority to CA3158334A priority patent/CA3158334A1/fr
Priority to BR112022009677A priority patent/BR112022009677A2/pt
Priority to US17/778,279 priority patent/US20220388280A1/en
Publication of WO2021099740A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021099740A1/fr

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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/546—Flexural strength; Flexion stiffness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2367/00—Polyesters, e.g. PET, i.e. polyethylene terephthalate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/006—Transparent parts other than made from inorganic glass, e.g. polycarbonate glazings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/18—Aircraft

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a glazing for an aerial vehicle, land or water, or for the building, preferably an aeronautical glazing, having an increased performance in several types of impacts including hail and small birds.
  • Airplanes with heated glazing are more particularly concerned, such as business jets, regional aircraft of the type marketed by the ATR Company, for example, commercial, medium, long-haul aircraft, etc.
  • Aircraft windshields in particular consist of a so-called structural block with a mainly mechanical function (resistance to pressure forces and impact to larger birds) associated such as by lamination to a sheet (or fold) such as than glass providing the interface with the exterior of the aircraft.
  • This sheet thanks to a heating function, prevents the appearance of frost in flight; it must also withstand windshield wipers and sandblasting.
  • the outer glass is laminated with a relatively thick interlayer adhesive mat.
  • An intermediate adhesive here denotes a polymer material bonding two sheets of mineral and / or organic glass together.
  • organic glass are poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyurethane (PU) and, as an interlayer adhesive, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer.
  • the outer glass Due to the relatively large thickness of the interlayer adhesive mat, the outer glass, under the impact of hail (up to 50 mm in diameter) or small birds, is flexed up to when it breaks. This stress prevents reducing the thickness of this outer glass which is typically 3 mm. However, reducing this thickness can make it possible to reduce the mass of the glazing.
  • the invention relates to a laminated glazing comprising a transparent structural substrate bonded to a glass sheet of thickness between 0.5 and 4 mm, intended to constitute an outer surface of the laminated glazing , by means of an intermediate adhesive layer with a thickness of between 4 and 10 mm, characterized in that the intermediate adhesive layer successively comprises a thickness of between 0.25 and 2.5 mm of a first flexible polymer material having a relaxation modulus at most equal to 2 GPa for relaxation times at least equal to 10 min, at temperatures at least equal to -40 ° C, in contact with the glass sheet, then a thickness of a second stiff polymer material having a relaxation modulus of at least 4 GPa, for time constants at most equal to 0.1 milliseconds and temperatures at most equal to 40 ° C (conditions representative of a hail-type impact on an airplane ).
  • the structural transparent substrate consists of a sheet of glass or more frequently of several laminates, the cumulative thickness of which is relatively large to perform the mechanical function mentioned above. It can be mineral glass, but also organic such as poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC) or polyurethane (PU).
  • PMMA poly (methyl methacrylate)
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PU polyurethane
  • the increased stiffness of the interlayer adhesive layer limits the deformations of the glass sheet and therefore repels the speed of impact of hail or small birds causing breakage. It is therefore possible to use a thinner glass sheet reducing the mass of the laminated glazing.
  • the thickness of the interlayer adhesive layer is made of said stiff second polymeric material, and 10 to 60% of that thickness is made of said first flexible polymer material.
  • a thickness of said first flexible polymeric material is interposed between and in contact with the thickness of said second stiff polymeric material and the transparent structural substrate.
  • the relaxation modulus of said first polymer material is at most equal to 2, preferably 0.5 GPa for relaxation times at least equal to 10 min, at temperatures at least equal to -40 ° vs.
  • the elastic modulus of said second polymer material is at least equal to 5 GPa, for time constants at most equal to 0.1 milliseconds and temperatures at most equal to 40 ° C.
  • the thickness of the glass sheet is between 1.5 and 3 mm.
  • said sheet of glass consists of chemically reinforced glass, in particular soda-lime or aluminosilicate, or is thermally toughened.
  • the structural transparent substrate comprises at least one sheet of glass or several laminates, in particular aluminosilicate or soda-lime, at least one of which can be chemically reinforced;
  • Glass here also denotes a structural transparent organic polymer material such as. poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyurethane (PU), polyester such as poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) or equivalent.
  • said first polymer material is chosen from a thermoplastic polyurethane (TP U), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene - vinyl acetate (EVA) alone or as a mixture or copolymer of several of them.
  • TP U thermoplastic polyurethane
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • EVA ethylene - vinyl acetate
  • said second polymer material is chosen from a poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyurethane (PU), polyester such as poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) alone or in mixture or copolymer of several of them.
  • PMMA poly (methyl methacrylate)
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PU polyurethane
  • PET polyester
  • PET poly (ethylene terephthalate)
  • said second stiff polymeric material extends to the edges of said sheet of glass.
  • said second stiff polymeric material is recessed from the edges of said sheet of glass. This arrangement softens the periphery of the glazing (area most subject to cold temperatures), so as to improve reliability. Such encapsulation of the interfaces between stiff and flexible polymer materials limits the risks of delamination. In addition, space is thus freed up to allow connection elements to walk.
  • the glass sheet intended to constitute an outer surface of the laminated glazing and the stiff polymeric material are set back relative to the transparent structural substrate, so as not to form part of the attachment of the laminated glazing.
  • Another object of the invention consists of the application of a laminated glazing as described above as glazing for an air, land or water vehicle, or for the building, in particular as an aircraft glazing.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically in section, a laminated glazing according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph representing the results of a second series of hail impact tests.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional representation of a laminated glazing according to the invention, the outer glass sheet and the stiff polymeric material of which are set back relative to the structural transparent substrate, so as not to form part of the attachment of the laminated glazing.
  • FIG. 4 shows schematically the attachment of the glazing of Figure 3 to the cabin of an aircraft.
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically in section a laminated glazing according to the invention which differs from that of Figure 3 only by a stiff polymer material set back relative to the outer sheet of glass.
  • This laminated glazing comprises two main glass elements: a substrate or transparent structural block 1 and a glass sheet 2 intended to be in contact with an external atmosphere from which a relatively punctual / light impact such as hail is likely to originate. or little bird.
  • the transparent structural block 1 is formed so as to guarantee the laminated glazing all the required mechanical resistance, vis-à-vis the pressure variations to which an aircraft may be subjected, for example, and the most significant shocks, such as that big birds. It consists of two sheets of chemically reinforced aluminosilicate glass 8 mm thick 1 a and 1 b glued to each other by a layer 6 of PVB 2.28 mm thick, this thickness possibly being in generally between 1, 5 and 3 mm.
  • the glass sheet 2 is made of chemically reinforced soda-lime glass and of a thickness of between 1.5 and 3 mm. It is bonded to the transparent structural block 1 by a relatively thick intermediate adhesive layer 3. In the event of an almost punctual impact of the hail type, the mattress formed by this intermediate adhesive layer 3 deforms under the glass sheet 2, thus allowing it to flex under the effect of the impact.
  • the intermediate adhesive layer 3 consists of a layer of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 5 from 1 to 9 mm thick, between two layers of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) 4a, respectively 4b from 0.25 to 2, 5, respectively 0.25 to 5 mm thick.
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • TPU thermoplastic polyurethane
  • the relaxation modulus of PMMA 5 for time constants at most equal to 0.1 milliseconds and temperatures at most equal to 40 ° C, is between 6 and 7 GPa
  • the modulus of relaxation of the TPU for relaxation times at least equal to 10 min, at temperatures at least equal to -40 ° C. is 1 GPa.
  • test specimens of 500 mm X 500 mm were used consisting of a monolithic structural fold and a glass exposed to hail, glued one to the other. 'the other by an interlayer mattress (TPU) possibly reinforced by a PMMA.
  • TPU interlayer mattress
  • Figure 3 shows a glass sheet 2 intended to be in contact with the external atmosphere and a complex interlayer adhesive layer 4a, 5, 4b according to the invention, which are set back relative to the transparent structural substrate 1a, 6, 1b.
  • the interlayer 4a, 5, 4b of Figure 3 is shown diagrammatically in a single block of reference number 3.
  • the parts of the glazing allowing the mechanical connection (attachment) to the cabin of the plane, either pinched or bolted, are represented by two dotted areas.
  • Glass sheet 2 and interlayer 3 (including stiff polymeric material 5) are not part of the laminated glazing attachment.
  • the total thickness of the glass sheet 2 and of the interlayer 3 is adjusted to achieve aerodynamic continuity with the ice press 7, the thickness of which is itself conditioned by the need to withstand pressurization forces.
  • the material of the glass sheet 2 ensures resistance to abrasion, and the possibility of supporting heating layers with an anti-icing function based on ITO (indium tin-doped oxide).
  • the intermediate layer 3 therefore consists of three layers of polymer material, with a density 2.5 times lower than that of glass 2.
  • the invention uses a complex intermediate layer as described above, in which it is in particular important that the layer of flexible polymer material 4a does not is not too thick.
  • the stiff polymer material 5 is set back relative to the outer glass sheet 2.
  • the peripheral part of the polymer material 5 is extended by filling or plugging with the flexible polymer material 4c of the same characteristics than flexible polymer materials 4a, 4b.

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  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne - un vitrage feuilleté comprenant un substrat transparent structurai (1 ) collé à une feuille de verre (2) de 0,5 à 4 mm, destinée à constituer une surface extérieure du vitrage feuilleté, par l'intermédiaire d'une couche adhésive intercalaire (3) de 4 à 10 mm, qui comprend successivement 0,25 à 2,5 mm d'un premier matériau polymère (4a) souple ayant un module de relaxation au plus égal à 2 GPa pour des temps de relaxation au moins égaux à 10 min, à des températures au moins égales à -40 °C, en contact avec la feuille de verre (2), puis un second matériau polymère (5) raide ayant un module de relaxation au moins égal à 4 GPa, pour des constantes de temps au plus égales à 0,1 milliseconde et des températures au plus égales à 40 °C. - son application comme vitrage pour un véhicule aérien, terrestre ou aquatique, ou pour le bâtiment.

Description

Description
Titre de l'invention : Vitrage feuilleté à résistance améliorée à des types d’impacts relativement ponctuels
[0001 ] |La présente invention concerne un vitrage pour un véhicule aérien, terrestre ou aquatique, ou pour le bâtiment, de préférence un vitrage aéronautique, présentant une performance accrue dans plusieurs types d’impacts dont la grêle et les petits oiseaux. Sont plus particulièrement concernés les avions à vitrage chauffant tels que les avions d’affaire (en anglais « business jets »), les avions régionaux du type commercialisés par la Société ATR par exemple, les avions commerciaux, moyen, long courrier...
[0002] Les pare-brise d’avion notamment sont constitués d’un bloc dit structural à fonction principalement mécanique (résistance aux efforts de pression et au choc aux plus gros oiseaux) associé tel que par feuilletage à une feuille (ou pli) telle que de verre assurant l’interface avec l’extérieur de l’avion. Cette feuille grâce à une fonction chauffante permet de prévenir l’apparition de givre en vol ; il doit également résister aux essuie-glaces et au sablage.
[0003] Ces contraintes font du verre un matériau de choix pour ce pli externe, du fait de ses bonnes propriétés de résistance à la rayure, de ses bonnes propriétés thermiques et de la possibilité d’appliquer des couches conductrices chauffantes délivrant de fortes puissances spécifiques.
[0004] Par ailleurs, pour des raisons de continuité aérodynamique, le verre externe est feuilleté avec un matelas d’adhésif intercalaire relativement épais. Un adhésif intercalaire désigne ici un matériau polymère collant deux feuilles de verre minéral et/ou organique entre elles. Citons comme exemples de verre organique le poly(méthacrylate de méthyle) (PMMA), le polycarbonate (PC), le polyuréthane (PU) et, comme exemples d’adhésif intercalaire le polyvinylbutyral (PVB), le polyuréthane thermoplastique (TPU), le copolymère éthylène - acétate de vinyle (EVA).
[0005] Du fait de l’épaisseur relativement importante du matelas d’adhésif intercalaire, le verre externe, sous l’impact de grêle (jusqu’à 50 mm de diamètre) ou de petits oiseaux, est mis en flexion pouvant aller jusqu’à sa rupture. Cette contrainte empêche de réduire l’épaisseur de ce verre extérieur qui est typiquement de 3 mm. Cependant, réduire cette épaisseur peut permettre de réduire la masse des vitrages.
[0006] Si l’on réduit l’épaisseur du verre extérieur, sa résistance à la grêle est intrinsèquement plus faible, et le matelas d’intercalaire est épaissi pour garder une continuité aérodynamique.
[0007] Un motif fréquent de dépose des vitrages demeure leur rupture sous l’impact de la grêle ou de petits oiseaux.
[0008] Pour pallier à ces inconvénients, l’invention a pour objet un vitrage feuilleté comprenant un substrat transparent structural collé à une feuille de verre d’épaisseur comprise entre 0,5 et 4 mm, destinée à constituer une surface extérieure du vitrage feuilleté, par l’intermédiaire d’une couche adhésive intercalaire d’épaisseur comprise entre 4 et 10 mm, caractérisé en ce que la couche adhésive intercalaire comprend successivement une épaisseur comprise entre 0,25 et 2,5 mm d’un premier matériau polymère souple ayant un module de relaxation au plus égal à 2 GPa pour des temps de relaxation au moins égaux à 10 min, à des températures au moins égales à -40 °C, en contact avec la feuille de verre, puis une épaisseur d’un second matériau polymère raide ayant un module de relaxation au moins égal à 4 GPa, pour des constantes de temps au plus égales à 0,1 milliseconde et des températures au plus égales à 40 °C (conditions représentatives d’un impact de type grêle sur avion).
[0009] Du fait de sollicitations mécaniques et thermomécaniques dans les phases de production et d’utilisation des vitrages, un comportement souple de l’intercalaire de collage des verres est souhaitable afin de limiter les contraintes excessives dans le verre pouvant entraîner sa casse ou aux interfaces collées pouvant engendrer du décollement. Pour ces raisons il est avantageux d’associer entre les verres médian (ou second en partant de l’atmosphère extérieure) et externe un matériau polymère dit raide permettant une bonne performance à la grêle et un matériau polymère dit souple permettant de limiter les contraintes thermomécaniques et mécaniques dans le vitrage. La raideur du matériau raide est évaluée en fonction des sollicitations typiques d’impact, alors que celle du matériau souple l’est vis-à-vis des sollicitations thermomécaniques et mécaniques, en particulier associées aux vitesses de pressurisations d’avions.
[0010] Le substrat transparent structural est constitué d’une feuille de verre ou plus fréquemment de plusieurs feuilletées dont l’épaisseur cumulée est relativement importante pour assumer la fonction mécanique mentionnée précédemment. Il peut s’agir de verre minéral, mais aussi organique tel que poiy(méthacrylate de méthyle) (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC) ou polyuréthane (PU).
[0011] Grâce à l’invention, la raideur accrue de la couche adhésive intercalaire limite les déformations de la feuille de verre et donc repousse la vitesse d’impact de grêle ou de petits oiseaux engendrant la casse. On peut donc ainsi utiliser une feuille de verre plus mince réduisant la masse du vitrage feuilleté.
[0012] De préférence, 40 à 90 % de l’épaisseur de la couche adhésive intercalaire sont constitués de dit second matériau polymère raide, et 10 à 60 % de cette épaisseur sont constitués de dit premier matériau polymère souple.
[0013] De préférence, une épaisseur de dit premier matériau polymère souple est intercalée entre et en contact avec l’épaisseur de dit second matériau polymère raide et le substrat transparent structural.
[0014] De préférence, le module de relaxation du dit premier matériau polymère est au plus égal à 2, de préférence 0,5 GPa pour des temps de relaxation au moins égaux à 10 min, à des températures au moins égales à -40 °C.
[0015] De préférence, le module élastique du dit second matériau polymère est au moins égal à 5 GPa, pour des constantes de temps au plus égales à 0,1 milliseconde et des températures au plus égales à 40 °C.
[0016] De préférence, l’épaisseur de la feuille de verre est comprise entre 1 ,5 et 3 mm.
[0017] De préférence, ladite feuille de verre est constituée de verre renforcé chimique, notamment sodocalcique ou aluminosilicate, ou est trempée thermiquement.
[0018] De préférence, le substrat transparent structural comprend au moins une feuille de verre ou plusieurs feuilletées, notamment aluminosilicate ou sodocalcique, dont l’une au moins peut être renforcée chimique ; le terme « verre » désigne ici aussi un matériau polymère organique transparent structural tel que. poly(méthacrylate de méthyle) (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyuréthane (PU), polyester tel que poly(téréphtalate d’éthylène) (PET) ou équivalent.
[0019] De préférence, ledit premier matériau polymère est choisi parmi un polyuréthane thermoplastique (TP U), polyvinylbutyral (PVB), éthylène - acétate de vinyle (EVA) seul ou en mélange ou copolymère de plusieurs d’entre eux.
[0020] De préférence, ledit second matériau polymère est choisi parmi un poly(méthacrylate de méthyle) (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyuréthane (PU), polyester tel que poly(téréphtalate d’éthylène) (PET) seul ou en mélange ou copolymère de plusieurs d’entre eux.
[0021] Fréquemment, ledit second matériau polymère raide se prolonge jusqu’aux bords de ladite feuille de verre. Cependant, de préférence, ledit second matériau polymère raide est en retrait par rapport aux bords de ladite feuille de verre. Cette disposition assouplit la périphérie du vitrage (zone la plus soumise aux températures froides), de manière à améliorer la fiabilité. Une telle encapsulation des interfaces entre matériaux polymères raide et souple limite les risques de délaminage. De plus, de l’espace est ainsi libéré pour faire cheminer des éléments de connectique.
[0022] De préférence, la feuille de verre destinée à constituer une surface extérieure du vitrage feuilleté et le matériau polymère raide sont en retrait par rapport au substrat transparent structural, de sorte à ne pas faire partie de l’attachement du vitrage feuilleté.
[0023] Un autre objet de l’invention consiste en l’application d’un vitrage feuilleté tel que décrit ci-dessus comme vitrage pour un véhicule aérien, terrestre ou aquatique, ou pour le bâtiment, en particulier comme vitrage d’avion.
[0024] Les dessins annexés illustrent l’invention :
[0025] [Fig. 1] représente schématiquement en coupe, un vitrage feuilleté conforme à l’invention.
[0026] [Fig. 2] est un graphe représentant les résultats d’une deuxième série d’essais d’impacts à la grêle. [0027] [Fig. 3] est une représentation schématique en coupe d’un vitrage feuilleté selon l’invention dont la feuille de verre extérieure et le matériau polymère raide sont en retrait par rapport au substrat transparent structural, de sorte à ne pas faire partie de l’attachement du vitrage feuilleté.
[0028] [Fig. 4] représente schématiquement l’attachement du vitrage de la figure 3à la carlingue d’un avion.
[0029] [Fig. 5] représente schématiquement en coupe un vitrage feuilleté selon l’invention ne se différenciant de celui de la figure 3 que par un matériau polymère raide en retrait par rapport à la feuille de verre extérieure.
[0030] Ce vitrage feuilleté comprend deux éléments verriers principaux : un substrat ou bloc transparent structural 1 et une feuille de verre 2 destinée à être en contact avec une atmosphère extérieure d’où est susceptible de provenir un impact relativement ponctuel/léger tel que grêle ou petit oiseau.
[0031 ] Le bloc transparent structural 1 est constitué de manière à garantir au vitrage feuilleté toute la résistance mécanique requise, vis-à-vis des variations de pression auxquelles un avion peut être soumis, par exemple, et des chocs les plus importants, tels que gros oiseaux. Il est constitué de deux feuilles de verre aluminosilicate renforcé chimique de 8 mm d’épaisseur 1 a et 1 b collées l’une à l’autre par une couche 6 de PVB de 2,28 mm d’épaisseur, cette épaisseur pouvant être en général comprise entre 1 ,5 et 3 mm.
[0032] La feuille de verre 2 est en verre sodocalcique renforcé chimique et d’épaisseur comprise entre 1 ,5 et 3 mm. Elle est collée au bloc transparent structural 1 par une couche adhésive intercalaire 3 relativement épaisse. En cas de choc quasi ponctuel du type grêle, le matelas que constitue cette couche adhésive intercalaire 3 se déforme sous la feuille de verre 2, lui permettant ainsi de fléchir sous l’effet de l’impact.
[0033] La couche adhésive intercalaire 3 est constituée d’une couche de polyméthacrylate de méthyle (PMMA) 5 de1 à 9 mm d’épaisseur, entre deux couches de polyuréthane thermoplastique (TPU) 4a, respectivement 4b de 0,25 à 2,5, respectivement 0,25 à 5 mm d’épaisseur. Le module de relaxation du PMMA 5 pour des constantes de temps au plus égales à 0,1 milliseconde et des températures au plus égales à 40 °C, est compris entre 6 et 7 GPa, le module de relaxation du TPU pour des temps de relaxation au moins égaux à 10 min, à des températures au moins égales à -40 °C, est de 1 GPa.
[0034] Pour la réalisation d’essais d’impact à la grêle, on a utilisé des éprouvettes de 500 mm X 500 mm constituées d’un pli structural monolithique et d’un verre exposé à la grêle, collés l’un à l’autre par un matelas d’intercalaire (TPU) éventuellement renforcé par un PMMA. La composition de ces vitrages feuilletés est indiquée dans le tableau suivant.
[0035] [Tableau 1]
Figure imgf000008_0001
[0036] Ces cinq vitrages feuilletés sont soumis à des tirs de grêlons de 25 mm de diamètre à vitesses incrémentales (incrément de 5 m/s) jusqu'à casse. Dix éprouvettes sont utilisées pour chaque composition de vitrage feuilleté. Les résultats sont représentés sur la Figure 2, sur laquelle
- le vitrage standard est représenté par des ronds noirs ;
- le vitrage allégé par des ronds blancs,
- le vitrage renforcé par des carrés noirs,
- le vitrage renforcé allégé par des carrés blancs, et
- le vitrage PMMA renforcé par des triangles gris.
[0037] La figure 2 montre
- qu’amincir le verre externe sans renforts de l’intercalaire engendre une fragilisation vis-à-vis de la grêle,
- que la substitution des 2/3 de l’intercalaire par du PMMA double la performance à la grêle, et - que le vitrage renforcé allégé résiste mieux à la grêle que le vitrage standard tout en étant plus léger de 1 ,8 kg/m2.
[0038] La figure 3 montre une feuille de verre 2 destinée à être en contact avec l’atmosphère extérieure et une couche adhésive intercalaire complexe 4a, 5, 4b selon l’invention, qui sont en retrait par rapport au substrat transparent structural 1a, 6, 1b.
[0039] Sur la figure 4, on a schématisé la couche intercalaire 4a, 5, 4b de la figure 3 en un seul bloc de numéro de référence 3. Les parties du vitrage permettant la liaison mécanique (attachement) à la carlingue de l’avion, soit pincée, soit boulonnée, sont représentées par deux zones en pointillés. La feuille de verre 2 et la couche intercalaire 3 (dont le matériau polymère raide 5) ne font pas partie de l’attachement du vitrage feuilleté. L’épaisseur totale de la feuille de verre 2 et de la couche intercalaire 3 est ajustée pour réaliser une continuité aérodynamique avec le presse glace 7, dont l’épaisseur est elle-même conditionnée par le besoin de supporter les efforts de pressurisation. Le matériau de la feuille de verre 2 assure la résistance à l’abrasion, et la possibilité de supporter des couches chauffantes à fonction antigivre à base d’ITO (oxyde d’indium dopé à l’étain). La couche intercalaire 3 est donc constituée de trois couches de matériau polymère, de densité 2,5 fois inférieure à celle du verre 2. Dans un but d’allègement, il est avantageux de minimiser l’épaisseur de la feuille de verre 2, et donc d’augmenter l’épaisseur de la couche intercalaire 3. Pour augmenter la résistance à la grêle, l'invention met en œuvre une couche intercalaire complexe comme décrit précédemment, dans laquelle il importe en particulier que la couche de matériau polymère souple 4a ne soit pas trop épaisse.
[0040] Sur la figure 5, le matériau polymère raide 5 est en retrait par rapport à la feuille de verre extérieure 2. La partie périphérique en retrait de matériau polymère 5 est prolongée par un remplissage ou bouchage par du matériau polymère souple 4c de mêmes caractéristiques que les matériaux polymères souples 4a, 4b.

Claims

Revendications
[Revendication 1] Vitrage feuilleté comprenant un substrat transparent structural (1) collé à une feuille de verre (2) d’épaisseur comprise entre 0,5 et 4 mm, destinée à constituer une surface extérieure du vitrage feuilleté, par l’intermédiaire d’une couche adhésive intercalaire (3) d’épaisseur comprise entre 4 et 10 mm, caractérisé en ce que la couche adhésive intercalaire (3) comprend successivement une épaisseur (4a) comprise entre 0,25 et 2,5 mm d’un premier matériau polymère souple ayant un module de relaxation au plus égal à 2 GPa pour des temps de relaxation au moins égaux à 10 min, à des températures au moins égales à -40 °C, en contact avec la feuille de verre (2), puis une épaisseur (5) d’un second matériau polymère raide ayant un module de relaxation au moins égal à 4 GPa, pour des constantes de temps au plus égales à 0,1 milliseconde et des températures au plus égales à 40 °C.
[Revendication 2] Vitrage feuilleté selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que 40 à 90 % de l’épaisseur de la couche adhésive intercalaire (3) sont constitués de dit second matériau polymère (5) raide, et 10 à 60 % de cette épaisseur sont constitués de dit premier matériau polymère (4a, 4b) souple.
[Revendication 3] Vitrage feuilleté selon l’une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu’une épaisseur (4b) de dit premier matériau polymère souple est intercalée entre et en contact avec l’épaisseur (5) de dit second matériau polymère raide et le substrat transparent structural (1).
[Revendication 4] Vitrage feuilleté selon l’une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le module de relaxation du dit premier matériau polymère (4a, 4b) est au plus égal à 0,5 GPa pour des temps de relaxation au moins égaux à 10 min, à des températures au moins égales à - 40 °C.
[Revendication 5] Vitrage feuilleté selon l’une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le module élastique du dit second matériau polymère (5) est au moins égal à 5 GPa, pour des constantes de temps au plus égales à 0,1 milliseconde et des températures au plus égales à 40 °C.
[Revendication 6] Vitrage feuilleté selon l’une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l’épaisseur de la feuille de verre (2) est comprise entre 1 ,5 et 3 mm.
[Revendication 7] Vitrage feuilleté selon l’une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la feuille de verre (2) est constituée de verre renforcé chimique, notamment sodocalcique ou aluminosilicate, ou est trempée thermiquement.
[Revendication 8] Vitrage feuilleté selon l’une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le substrat transparent structural (1 ) comprend au moins une feuille de verre ou plusieurs feuilletées (1a, 1b), notamment aluminosilicate ou sodocalcique, dont l’une au moins peut être renforcée chimique.
[Revendication 9] Vitrage feuilleté selon l’une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit premier matériau polymère (4a, 4b) est choisi parmi un polyuréthane thermoplastique (TPU), polyvinylbutyral (PVB), éthylène - acétate de vinyle (EVA) seul ou en mélange ou copolymère de plusieurs d’entre eux.
[Revendication 10] Vitrage feuilleté selon l’une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit second matériau polymère (5) est choisi parmi un poly(méthacrylate de méthyle) (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyuréthane (PU), polyester tel que poly(téréphtalate d’éthylène) (PET) seul ou en mélange ou copolymère de plusieurs d’entre eux.
[Revendication 11] Vitrage feuilleté selon l’une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit second matériau polymère (5) raide est en retrait par rapport aux bords de ladite feuille de verre (2).
[Revendication 12] Vitrage feuilleté selon l’une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la feuille de verre (2) et le matériau polymère (5) raide sont en retrait par rapport au substrat transparent structural (1 ; 1a, 6, 1b), de sorte à ne pas faire partie de l’attachement du vitrage feuilleté.
[Revendication 13] Application d’un vitrage feuilleté selon l’une des revendications précédentes comme vitrage pour un véhicule aérien, terrestre ou aquatique, ou pour le bâtiment.
PCT/FR2020/052122 2019-11-20 2020-11-18 Vitrage feuillete a resistance amelioree a des types d'impacts relativement ponctuels WO2021099740A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20821342.1A EP4061628A1 (fr) 2019-11-20 2020-11-18 Vitrage feuillete a resistance amelioree a des types d'impacts relativement ponctuels
IL293147A IL293147A (en) 2019-11-20 2020-11-18 Laminated glass panel with improved resistance to relatively specific types of impact
KR1020227019136A KR20220102627A (ko) 2019-11-20 2020-11-18 비교적 불연속적인 충격 유형에 대한 저항성이 향상된 적층 글레이징
CN202080080442.5A CN114650909A (zh) 2019-11-20 2020-11-18 对相对离散的冲击类型具有更好的抵抗力的层压窗玻璃
CA3158334A CA3158334A1 (fr) 2019-11-20 2020-11-18 Vitrage feuillete a resistance amelioree a des types d'impacts relativement ponctuels
BR112022009677A BR112022009677A2 (pt) 2019-11-20 2020-11-18 Vidraça laminada com resistência melhorada para tipos de impactos relativamente pontuais
US17/778,279 US20220388280A1 (en) 2019-11-20 2020-11-18 Laminated glazing with improved resistance to relatively discrete impact types

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1912943A FR3103137B1 (fr) 2019-11-20 2019-11-20 Vitrage feuilleté à résistance améliorée à des types d’impacts relativement ponctuels
FRFR1912943 2019-11-20

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WO2021099740A1 true WO2021099740A1 (fr) 2021-05-27

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US (1) US20220388280A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4061628A1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20220102627A (fr)
CN (1) CN114650909A (fr)
BR (1) BR112022009677A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA3158334A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR3103137B1 (fr)
IL (1) IL293147A (fr)
WO (1) WO2021099740A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4081581A (en) * 1974-04-01 1978-03-28 Ppg Industries, Inc. Laminated aircraft windshield
EP0459704A1 (fr) * 1990-05-26 1991-12-04 Triplex Aircraft And Special Products Limited Pare-brise d'avion
US5908675A (en) * 1995-08-10 1999-06-01 Flachglas Automotive Gmbh Glass laminate and method of making same

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2260512A (en) * 1991-10-16 1993-04-21 Triplex Aircraft And Special P Laminated window
WO2014176059A1 (fr) * 2013-04-22 2014-10-30 Corning Incorporated Structures en verre stratifié présentant une forte adhérence entre le verre et la couche intermédiaire de polymère
FR3029836B1 (fr) * 2014-12-11 2016-12-23 Saint Gobain Feuillete d'une feuille de materiau polymere epais et d'une feuille de verre mince
FR3031065B1 (fr) * 2014-12-29 2019-08-30 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitrage feuillete a feuille de verre mince anti-eclat

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4081581A (en) * 1974-04-01 1978-03-28 Ppg Industries, Inc. Laminated aircraft windshield
EP0459704A1 (fr) * 1990-05-26 1991-12-04 Triplex Aircraft And Special Products Limited Pare-brise d'avion
US5908675A (en) * 1995-08-10 1999-06-01 Flachglas Automotive Gmbh Glass laminate and method of making same

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CN114650909A (zh) 2022-06-21
CA3158334A1 (fr) 2021-05-27
BR112022009677A2 (pt) 2022-08-16
KR20220102627A (ko) 2022-07-20
FR3103137A1 (fr) 2021-05-21
US20220388280A1 (en) 2022-12-08
FR3103137B1 (fr) 2023-08-18
EP4061628A1 (fr) 2022-09-28
IL293147A (en) 2022-07-01

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