WO2021098197A1 - Apparatus for testing rebar in concrete, and method therefor - Google Patents

Apparatus for testing rebar in concrete, and method therefor Download PDF

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WO2021098197A1
WO2021098197A1 PCT/CN2020/095587 CN2020095587W WO2021098197A1 WO 2021098197 A1 WO2021098197 A1 WO 2021098197A1 CN 2020095587 W CN2020095587 W CN 2020095587W WO 2021098197 A1 WO2021098197 A1 WO 2021098197A1
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concrete
capacitance value
steel bar
steel
capacitance
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PCT/CN2020/095587
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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王鹏刚
金祖权
赵铁军
侯东帅
田砾
范宏
牟犇
熊传胜
张小影
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青岛理工大学
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/12—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring diameters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • G01B7/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness
    • G01B7/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness using capacitive means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation

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  • the invention relates to a device and a method for nondestructive detection of steel bars applied to concrete structures, and belongs to the field of building construction.
  • reinforced concrete structures are used in concrete construction.
  • the inspection items of steel bars in concrete structures include whether the position, size and other parameters are consistent with the design drawings, and whether the corrosion degree and state are within the standard value range.
  • the corrosion of steel bars usually occurs inside the concrete structure, and it is difficult to evaluate the service life and load-bearing capacity of the building.
  • the corrosion of steel bars will directly lead to the collapse of the building, which is extremely harmful.
  • the prior art mainly adopts technologies such as ultrasonic method, electromagnetic induction method, geological radar, and tomographic imaging for the detection of steel bars in concrete during the safety of infrastructure construction and the construction acceptance stage.
  • the electromagnetic induction method is a relatively common detection method, which can measure the position and depth of the steel bar relatively accurately.
  • the geological radar method is mainly used for the layered detection of concrete, and can also detect the position of the steel bars in the concrete, but the geological radar is relatively complicated to operate and the equipment is more expensive.
  • Tomography technology is also often used to evaluate concrete, but its application in practical engineering is limited due to expensive equipment, troublesome operation and data processing.
  • the device and method for detecting steel bars in concrete of the present invention solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art and provide a low-cost, high-precision non-destructive detection device and method based on the principle of electrostatic field capacitance.
  • Targeted multiple inspections in order to obtain accurate and convenient inspection results including the position, size and corrosion amount of steel bars, so as to improve the work efficiency of construction project acceptance and inspection, reinforcement and appraisal of existing reinforced concrete structures.
  • the said device for detecting steel bars in concrete mainly includes an electrode plate, a DC power supply and a data acquisition and processing device. among them,
  • the electrode plate includes a copper electrode, polymethyl methacrylate and a moisture content test device, and the two copper electrodes are placed on the same level and on the same level;
  • the data acquisition and processing device includes a capacitance meter, the angular frequency of which is set to 10KHz; a display module to display the value obtained after detection by the capacitance sensor; an operation module to manually input specific project information to set parameters;
  • the processing module is used to perform data analysis and statistics on the measured values of the capacitance meter and other related values; the data connection line socket is used to connect the electrode plate.
  • this application also realizes a new detection method. That is, the state of the steel bar is determined according to the fluctuation of the capacitance value and the capacitance value data, and the calculation formula is as follows:
  • C is the capacitance between the two plates of the capacitive sensor, in farads (F) as the unit;
  • A is the (effective) area between the two plates, in square meters;
  • ⁇ r is the relative medium between the plates.
  • ⁇ is the absolute permittivity in vacuum (8.854 ⁇ 10 -12 Fm -1 );
  • d is the separation distance between the electrode plates, in meters; the change trend of the capacitance between the electrode plates indicates The difference in the location, size and amount of corrosion of the steel bars in the concrete.
  • the method for detecting steel bars in concrete includes the following implementation steps:
  • Calibration refers to the establishment of a characterization mapping with the state of the steel bar based on the capacitance value data.
  • the calibration process includes the calibration of the capacitance value and the diameter of the steel bar, the calibration of the capacitance value and the thickness of the protection layer of the steel bar, and the calibration of the capacitance value and the corrosion state of the steel bar;
  • the X axis is the scale of the moving direction of the electrode plate, and the Y axis is the capacitance value measured by the capacitance meter;
  • the calibration process includes the following steps:
  • the capacitance value obtained by using the data acquisition and processing device is brought into formula (2) to detect the thickness of the steel protection layer;
  • the detection and data correction are carried out by the capacitance sensor, the result is more accurate and convenient, and the capacitance sensor is not affected by the difference of materials, effectively avoiding errors.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the detection device described in this application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a data acquisition and processing device
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic side sectional view of the electrode plate
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a front cross-section of the electrode plate
  • Figure 5 is an analysis diagram of detection data
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of detecting the position of steel bars
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of detecting the diameter of steel bars
  • Figure 8 shows the relationship between the amount of steel corrosion and the capacitance value.
  • 1-display module 2-pole plate connection line socket; 3-sliding trolley connection line; 4-operation module; 5-indicator light; 6-hook; 7-computer connection line socket; 8-power supply Charging line socket; 9-switch button; 10-steel bar; 11-electrode plate; 12-connection line between electrode plate and data acquisition and processing device; 13-data acquisition and processing device; 14-concrete; 15-copper electrode; 16-polya Methyl acrylate; 17-plastic shell; 18-plastic filler.
  • the said device for detecting steel bars in concrete mainly includes electrode plate 11, DC power supply, data acquisition and processing device 13, electrode plate and data acquisition and processing device ⁇ 12 ⁇ The connection line 12.
  • the electrode plate 11 includes a copper electrode 15, a polymethyl methacrylate 16 and a moisture content test device.
  • Copper electrodes 15 are used to generate excitation voltage and induced voltage.
  • the distance between the copper electrodes can be 0.5 cm.
  • Two copper electrodes 15 are placed at the same level and the same level.
  • the size of the electrode plate 11 It is 7.5cm ⁇ 4cm ⁇ 0.1mm.
  • the encapsulated copper electrode 15 can be polymethyl methacrylate 16 to ensure that the electrode plate 11 is in an insulated state.
  • the plastic casing 17 further encapsulates the encapsulated polymethyl methacrylate 16 so as to effectively protect the copper electrode 15.
  • the size of the polymethyl methacrylate 16 is 8.5 cm ⁇ 8.7 cm ⁇ 2 mm.
  • the plastic casing 17 has a cubic structure, and the copper electrode 15 is closely attached to the inner wall of one side of the casing 17 to facilitate detection.
  • the detection principle is to determine the state of the steel bars according to the fluctuation of the capacitance value and the size of the capacitance value.
  • the capacitance value of the parallel capacitance sensor can be calculated by the following formula:
  • C is the capacitance between the two plates of the capacitive sensor, in farads (F) as the unit;
  • A is the (effective) area between the two plates, in square meters
  • ⁇ r is the relative permittivity of the material between the plates
  • ⁇ is the absolute dielectric constant in vacuum (8.854 ⁇ 10 -12 Fm -1 );
  • d is the separation distance between the plates, in meters.
  • the detection substance between the copper electrodes 15 changes, that is, the dielectric constant ( ⁇ r ) between the copper plates 15 changes, causing the electrodes
  • the capacitance (C) between the plates changes.
  • the DC power supply supplies a stable 1.0V constant voltage to the electrode plate 11 so that the electrode plate 11 generates an excitation voltage.
  • the data acquisition and processing device 13 includes, as shown in Fig. 2:
  • Capacitance meter used to detect the capacitance value between the electrode plates 11, and its angular frequency is set to 10KHz;
  • the display module 1 is used for man-machine interactive operation after the completion.
  • the display module 1 is connected with the capacitance meter to display the value obtained after the capacitance sensor is detected.
  • the value can be displayed by digital display, curve display and bar display;
  • Operation module 4 used to manually input some specific engineering information, so as to be able to set parameters, switch the display mode and set the brightness, etc.;
  • Processing module used for data analysis and statistics of the measured value of the capacitance meter and other related values
  • the data connection line socket 2 is connected to the data acquisition and processing device 13 and the electrode plate 11;
  • Indicator light 5 always on means that the equipment is normal and ensure the equipment is working normally
  • the computer connection line jack 7 is used to connect with the computer to facilitate the import of the data into the computer for storage and further analysis and processing of the data;
  • the power charging line socket 10 is used for charging the data acquisition and processing device to ensure normal operation and provide voltage for the electrodes.
  • this application also implements the following method for detecting steel bars in concrete.
  • Calibration refers to the establishment of a characterization mapping with the state of the steel bar based on the capacitance value data.
  • Said calibration includes calibration of capacitance value and steel bar diameter, calibration of capacitance value and steel protection layer thickness, calibration of capacitance value and steel corrosion state, etc. specifically,
  • the indicator light in the data acquisition and processing device is always on, indicating that the equipment is normal;
  • the capacity of the room can be expressed as:
  • C is the capacitance between the electrode plates
  • a is the length of the electrode plates
  • b is the width of the electrode plates
  • d is the distance between the electrode plates
  • K 0 is the coefficient of different types of reinforced concrete
  • ⁇ x is The relative dielectric constant between the electrode plates; when other parameters are unchanged, the change of the relative dielectric constant between the electrode plates will directly affect the change of the capacitance.
  • the X axis is the scale of the moving direction of the electrode plate, and the Y axis is the capacitance value measured by the capacitance meter;
  • the position of the steel bar is detected, and the position of the steel bar in the concrete can be determined by the fluctuation of the capacitance value.
  • the data acquisition and processing device obtains the corrected capacitance value of each position through the relationship between the moisture content and the capacitance value. As shown in Fig. 6, it shows that the capacitance sensor can detect the positional relationship of the steel bars.
  • C is the corrected capacitance value
  • B is the diameter of the steel bar
  • D is the thickness of the protective layer of the steel bar
  • a, b, c, e, f, and g are the values obtained after fitting
  • C is the corrected capacitance value
  • K 0 is the coefficient under different reinforced concrete states
  • ⁇ M is the corrosion amount of the steel bars in the reinforced concrete to be tested.

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Abstract

Provided are an apparatus for testing a rebar in concrete, and a method therefor. The testing apparatus comprises an electrode plate (11), a direct-current power source, and a data acquisition processing apparatus (13), the data acquisition processing apparatus (13) comprising: a capacitance meter, wherein an angular frequency thereof is set as 10 KHz; a display module (1) for displaying a numerical value obtained after testing by a capacitance sensor; an operation module (4) for performing a manual actual operation and inputting special engineering information to set a parameter; a processing module for compiling data analysis statistics on the numerical value measured by the capacitance meter and other relevant numerical values; and a data connection line socket (2) for connecting to the electrode plate (11). A low-cost and high-precision lossless testing apparatus and method based on the principle of electrostatic field capacitance are provided. Various types of targeted testing are implemented on a rebar in concrete, so as to acquire an accurate and convenient testing result comprising rebar position, size and corrosion amount, and the working efficiency of construction engineering acceptance, and testing, reinforcement and identification of an existing reinforced concrete structure are improved.

Description

混凝土中钢筋检测装置及其方法Device and method for detecting steel bars in concrete 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种应用于混凝土结构中针对钢筋进行无损检测的装置及其方法，属于建筑施工领域。The invention relates to a device and a method for nondestructive detection of steel bars applied to concrete structures, and belongs to the field of building construction.
背景技术Background technique
目前在商用民用建筑、铁路公路等轨道交通工程建设中，混凝土施工均采用钢筋混凝土结构。为保证施工质量与后续长期使用安全，需要对混凝土中钢筋进行多项专项检测工作，这是保证钢筋混凝土结构安全的首要前提。At present, in the construction of commercial and civil buildings, railways and highways and other rail transit projects, reinforced concrete structures are used in concrete construction. In order to ensure the quality of construction and the safety of subsequent long-term use, it is necessary to carry out a number of special inspections of steel bars in concrete, which is the primary prerequisite for ensuring the safety of reinforced concrete structures.
依据我国最新版《建筑工程施工质量验收系列标准》，混凝土结构中钢筋的检测事项中包括位置、尺寸等参数是否与设计图中的一致、锈蚀程度与状态是否在标准值范围之内等。特别是钢筋锈蚀情况，通常是发生在混凝土结构内部，对于建筑物使用寿命和承载能力评估比较困难。而且，钢筋锈蚀会直接导致建筑物倒塌，其危害极其严重。对已损害的建筑物进行修复时，也需要获得相应准确的钢筋锈蚀数据。如果在钢筋发生锈蚀的早期能及时地发现、进行早期的修补措施则将极大地降低成本、减少经济损失。According to the latest edition of my country's "Construction Quality Acceptance Standards for Construction Engineering", the inspection items of steel bars in concrete structures include whether the position, size and other parameters are consistent with the design drawings, and whether the corrosion degree and state are within the standard value range. In particular, the corrosion of steel bars usually occurs inside the concrete structure, and it is difficult to evaluate the service life and load-bearing capacity of the building. Moreover, the corrosion of steel bars will directly lead to the collapse of the building, which is extremely harmful. When repairing damaged buildings, it is also necessary to obtain corresponding accurate steel corrosion data. If the corrosion of steel bars can be found in time and early repair measures can be taken, it will greatly reduce costs and reduce economic losses.
现有技术中针对基础建设安全性与施工验收阶段中的混凝土中钢筋检测，主要采取超声波法、电磁感应法、地质雷达和层析成像等技术。电磁感应法是较为常见的检测方法，能够相对准确的测出钢筋的位置和深度，但是由于对环境要求较高、易受材料成分的影响，容易差生误差。地质雷达法主要用于混凝土的分层检测，也能够测出混凝土中钢筋的位置，但是地质雷达操作起来相对比较复杂，而且设备较贵。层析成像技术也常用于评估混凝土，但是由于设备昂贵，且操作、数据处理麻烦，限制了其在实际工程中的应用。The prior art mainly adopts technologies such as ultrasonic method, electromagnetic induction method, geological radar, and tomographic imaging for the detection of steel bars in concrete during the safety of infrastructure construction and the construction acceptance stage. The electromagnetic induction method is a relatively common detection method, which can measure the position and depth of the steel bar relatively accurately. However, due to the high environmental requirements and the susceptibility to the influence of the material composition, it is prone to errors. The geological radar method is mainly used for the layered detection of concrete, and can also detect the position of the steel bars in the concrete, but the geological radar is relatively complicated to operate and the equipment is more expensive. Tomography technology is also often used to evaluate concrete, but its application in practical engineering is limited due to expensive equipment, troublesome operation and data processing.
有鉴于此，特提出本专利申请。In view of this, this patent application is hereby filed.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明所述的混凝土中钢筋检测装置及其方法，在于解决上述现有技术存在的问题而提供一种基于静电场电容原理的低成本、高精度无损检测装置和方法，对混凝土中的钢筋实施针对性多项检测，以期获取包括钢筋位置、尺寸和锈蚀量的准确 与便捷检测结果，实现提高建筑工程验收和既有钢筋混凝土结构的检测、加固与鉴定的工作效率。The device and method for detecting steel bars in concrete of the present invention solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art and provide a low-cost, high-precision non-destructive detection device and method based on the principle of electrostatic field capacitance. Targeted multiple inspections, in order to obtain accurate and convenient inspection results including the position, size and corrosion amount of steel bars, so as to improve the work efficiency of construction project acceptance and inspection, reinforcement and appraisal of existing reinforced concrete structures.
为实现上述设计目的，所述的混凝土中钢筋检测装置主要包括有电极板、直流电源和数据采集处理装置。其中，In order to achieve the above design objectives, the said device for detecting steel bars in concrete mainly includes an electrode plate, a DC power supply and a data acquisition and processing device. among them,
所述的电极板包括铜电极、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和含水率测试装置，两个铜电极放置于同一水平高度和同一水平面上；The electrode plate includes a copper electrode, polymethyl methacrylate and a moisture content test device, and the two copper electrodes are placed on the same level and on the same level;
所述的数据采集处理装置包括有，电容计，其角频率设定为10KHz；显示模块，以显示电容传感器检测后得到的数值；操作模块，用于人工实际操作输入特定工程信息以设定参数；处理模块，用于将电容计测得数值和其他相关数值进行数据分析统计；数据连接线插口，用于连接所述的电极板。The data acquisition and processing device includes a capacitance meter, the angular frequency of which is set to 10KHz; a display module to display the value obtained after detection by the capacitance sensor; an operation module to manually input specific project information to set parameters; The processing module is used to perform data analysis and statistics on the measured values of the capacitance meter and other related values; the data connection line socket is used to connect the electrode plate.
在应用上述检测装置的基础上，本申请同时实现了一种新的检测方法。即根据电容值波动情况和电容值数据判定钢筋状态，计算公式如下，Based on the application of the above detection device, this application also realizes a new detection method. That is, the state of the steel bar is determined according to the fluctuation of the capacitance value and the capacitance value data, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure PCTCN2020095587-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020095587-appb-000001
其中，C是电容传感器两极板之间的电容量，以法拉(F)为单位；A是两极板之间的(有效)面积，单位为平方米；ε r是极板之间材料的相对介电常数；ε是真空中的绝对介电常数(8.854×10 -12Fm -1)；d是极板之间的间隔距离，以米为单位；电极板之间电容量的变化趋势，表征出混凝土中钢筋位置、尺寸和锈蚀量的不同。 Among them, C is the capacitance between the two plates of the capacitive sensor, in farads (F) as the unit; A is the (effective) area between the two plates, in square meters; ε r is the relative medium between the plates. Permittivity; ε is the absolute permittivity in vacuum (8.854×10 -12 Fm -1 ); d is the separation distance between the electrode plates, in meters; the change trend of the capacitance between the electrode plates indicates The difference in the location, size and amount of corrosion of the steel bars in the concrete.
所述混凝土中钢筋检测方法，包括有以下实施步骤：The method for detecting steel bars in concrete includes the following implementation steps:
1)标定1) Calibration
标定是指依据电容值数据建立与钢筋状态的表征映射。所述的标定过程包括电容值与钢筋直径的标定、电容值与钢筋保护层厚度的标定、电容值与钢筋锈蚀状态的标定；Calibration refers to the establishment of a characterization mapping with the state of the steel bar based on the capacitance value data. The calibration process includes the calibration of the capacitance value and the diameter of the steel bar, the calibration of the capacitance value and the thickness of the protection layer of the steel bar, and the calibration of the capacitance value and the corrosion state of the steel bar;
2)实测获取数据2) Obtain data from actual measurement
2.1将电极板与数据采集处理装置进行连接并开启；2.1 Connect the electrode plate to the data acquisition and processing device and turn it on;
2.2对钢筋混凝土结构进行实际检测；2.2 Perform actual inspections on reinforced concrete structures;
将电极板放置于混凝土一侧，操作所述数据采集处理装置中的操作模块，输入必要工程信息，将电极板沿混凝土一侧向另一侧匀速扫描，得到不同位置的电容值；Place the electrode plate on one side of the concrete, operate the operation module in the data acquisition and processing device, input necessary engineering information, and scan the electrode plate along the concrete side to the other side at a constant speed to obtain the capacitance values of different positions;
3)数据处理与分析3) Data processing and analysis
3.1沿电极板移动方向将测试目标进行刻度标注；3.1 Scale the test target along the moving direction of the electrode plate;
3.2建立二维坐标系，X轴为电极板移动方向的刻度，Y轴为电容计实测得出的 电容值；3.2 Establish a two-dimensional coordinate system, the X axis is the scale of the moving direction of the electrode plate, and the Y axis is the capacitance value measured by the capacitance meter;
检测钢筋位置，电容值与钢筋直径的关系表达式为，C＝aB 2+bB+c   (1)； To detect the position of the steel bar, the relationship between the capacitance value and the diameter of the steel bar is expressed as C=aB 2 +bB+c (1);
检测钢筋保护层的厚度关系表达式为，C＝eD 2+fD+g   (2)； The expression of the thickness relation of the protective layer of the steel bar is: C=eD 2 +fD+g (2);
检测钢筋直径与电容值的关系式为，C＝aB 2+bB+c； The relationship between the diameter of the steel bar and the capacitance value is: C=aB 2 +bB+c;
检测钢筋锈蚀量与电容值的关系为，C＝K 0*△M   (3)。 The relationship between the amount of corrosion of steel bars and the capacitance value is C=K 0 *△M (3).
进一步地，所述的标定过程包括以下步骤：Further, the calibration process includes the following steps:
1.1电容值与钢筋直径的标定1.1 Calibration of capacitance value and steel bar diameter
1.1.1将不同直径的钢筋放入同一批、保护层厚度相同的混凝土中，将混凝土养护28天；1.1.1 Put steel bars of different diameters into the same batch of concrete with the same protective layer thickness, and cure the concrete for 28 days;
1.1.2待混凝土养护完成后，将待测钢筋混凝土放入烘箱中，使钢筋混凝土保持含水率为0；1.1.2 After the concrete curing is completed, put the reinforced concrete to be tested into the oven to keep the reinforced concrete with a moisture content of 0;
1.1.3取出含水率为0待测钢筋混凝土，使用检测装置将电极板11沿混凝土一侧向另一侧匀速地进行扫描，测得不同钢筋直径对应的电容值，建立电容值与钢筋直径的一一对应关系；1.1.3 Take out the reinforced concrete to be tested with a moisture content of 0, use the detection device to scan the electrode plate 11 along the concrete side to the other at a uniform speed, measure the capacitance value corresponding to different steel bar diameters, and establish the capacitance value and the steel bar diameter. One-to-one correspondence;
1.1.4使用数据采集处理装置，将上步得到的电容值带入公式(1)中对钢筋直径进行检测；表征电容值与钢筋直径关系的公式(1)为，C＝aB 2+bB+c； 1.1.4 Using a data acquisition and processing device, bring the capacitance value obtained in the previous step into formula (1) to detect the diameter of the steel bar; the formula (1) that characterizes the relationship between the capacitance value and the diameter of the steel bar is: C=aB 2 +bB+ c;
1.2电容值与钢筋保护层厚度的标定1.2 Calibration of capacitance value and thickness of steel protection layer
1.2.1将直径相同钢筋放入同一批不同保护层厚度的混凝土中，将混凝土养护28天；1.2.1 Put the steel bars of the same diameter into the same batch of concrete with different protective layer thickness, and cure the concrete for 28 days;
1.2.2待混凝土完成养护后，将待测钢筋混凝土放入烘箱中，使钢筋混凝土保持含水率为0；1.2.2 After the concrete is cured, put the reinforced concrete to be tested into the oven to keep the reinforced concrete with a moisture content of 0;
1.2.3取出待测钢筋混凝土，将传感器组装完毕，极板沿混凝土中钢筋一侧向另一侧匀速扫描，测得不同钢筋保护层厚度对应的电容值，建立电容值与钢筋保护层厚度的一一对应关系；1.2.3 Take out the reinforced concrete to be tested, assemble the sensor, and scan the electrode plate along the side of the steel bar in the concrete at a constant speed to measure the capacitance value corresponding to the thickness of the steel bar protection layer, and establish the capacitance value and the thickness of the steel bar protection layer. One-to-one correspondence;
1.2.4使用数据采集处理装置得到的电容值带入公式(2)中，对钢筋保护层厚度进行检测；表征电容值与钢筋保护层厚度关系的公式(2)为，C＝eD 2+fD+g； 1.2.4 The capacitance value obtained by using the data acquisition and processing device is brought into formula (2) to detect the thickness of the steel protection layer; the formula (2) that characterizes the relationship between the capacitance value and the thickness of the steel protection layer is, C=eD 2 +fD +g;
1.3电容值与钢筋锈蚀状态的标定1.3 Calibration of capacitance value and steel corrosion status
1.3.1将直径相同的钢筋放入同一批保护层厚度相同的混凝土中，将混凝土养护28天；1.3.1 Put the steel bars of the same diameter into the same batch of concrete with the same protective layer thickness, and cure the concrete for 28 days;
1.3.2待混凝土完成养护后，通过电化学试验进行钢筋锈蚀，通过控制通电时间，使钢筋产生不同程度的锈蚀量；1.3.2 After the concrete has been cured, corrosion of the steel bars is carried out through electrochemical tests. By controlling the power-on time, the steel bars will produce different degrees of corrosion;
1.3.3待电化学试验完成后，将待测钢筋混凝土放入烘箱中，使钢筋混凝土保持含水率为0；1.3.3 After the electrochemical test is completed, put the reinforced concrete to be tested into the oven to keep the reinforced concrete with a moisture content of 0;
1.3.4取出待测钢筋混凝土，将传感器组装完毕，极板沿混凝土中钢筋一侧向另一侧匀速扫描，测得不同钢筋锈蚀状态对应的电容值；1.3.4 Take out the reinforced concrete to be tested, assemble the sensor, and scan the electrode plate at a constant speed from one side of the steel bar in the concrete to the other side, and measure the capacitance values corresponding to different corrosion states of the steel bars;
1.3.5将锈蚀钢筋从混凝土中取出，在锈蚀钢筋表面喷洒酸性除锈溶液，将铁锈除去；1.3.5 Take out the corroded steel bars from the concrete, spray an acid rust removal solution on the surface of the corroded steel bars to remove the rust;
1.3.6除锈后的钢筋进行称重，与初始钢筋质量进行比较，获得钢筋锈蚀量，建立电容值与钢筋锈蚀量的一一对应关系；1.3.6 Weigh the steel bar after rust removal, compare it with the initial steel bar quality, obtain the steel bar corrosion amount, and establish a one-to-one correspondence between the capacitance value and the steel bar corrosion amount;
1.3.7将数据采集处理装置得到的电容值与钢筋锈蚀量带入公式(3)中进行钢筋锈蚀量的定量检测；表征电容值与钢筋锈蚀状态关系的公式(3)为，C＝K 0*△M。 1.3.7 Bring the capacitance value and the steel corrosion amount obtained by the data acquisition and processing device into formula (3) for quantitative detection of the steel corrosion amount; the formula (3) that characterizes the relationship between the capacitance value and the corrosion state of the steel bar is, C=K 0 *△M.
如上所述，本申请混凝土中钢筋检测装置及其方法具有的优点是：As mentioned above, the advantages of the device and method for detecting steel bars in concrete of the present application are:
1、采用静电场电容原理，能够快速、准确地检测出混凝土中钢筋位置、尺寸和锈蚀量等多项数据，实现了一种无损检测手段，能够较大地提高工程验收与检测鉴定工作的效率与准确性。1. Using the principle of electrostatic field capacitance, it can quickly and accurately detect multiple data such as the position, size and rust amount of steel bars in concrete, and realize a non-destructive testing method, which can greatly improve the efficiency and efficiency of project acceptance and inspection and appraisal. accuracy.
2、通过电容传感器进行检测与数据修正，结果更为准确和便捷、且电容传感器不受材料差异的影响，有效地避免误差。2. The detection and data correction are carried out by the capacitance sensor, the result is more accurate and convenient, and the capacitance sensor is not affected by the difference of materials, effectively avoiding errors.
附图说明Description of the drawings
现结合以下附图进一步地说明本申请。This application will now be further explained in conjunction with the following drawings.
图1为本申请所述检测装置的示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the detection device described in this application;
图2为数据采集处理装置的示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a data acquisition and processing device;
图3为所述极板的侧向剖面示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic side sectional view of the electrode plate;
图4为所述极板的正向剖面示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a front cross-section of the electrode plate;
图5为检测数据分析图；Figure 5 is an analysis diagram of detection data;
图6为检测钢筋位置的示意图；Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of detecting the position of steel bars;
图7为检测钢筋直径的示意图；Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of detecting the diameter of steel bars;
图8为钢筋锈蚀量与电容值的关系图。Figure 8 shows the relationship between the amount of steel corrosion and the capacitance value.
在以上图中具有，1-显示模块；2-极板连接线插口；3-滑动小车连接线；4-操 作模块；5-指示灯；6-挂钩；7-电脑连接线插口；8-电源充电线插口；9-开关按钮；10-钢筋；11-电极板；12-极板与数据采集处理装置连接线；13-数据采集处理装置；14-混凝土；15-铜电极；16-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯；17-塑料外壳；18-塑料填充物。In the above figure, there are: 1-display module; 2-pole plate connection line socket; 3-sliding trolley connection line; 4-operation module; 5-indicator light; 6-hook; 7-computer connection line socket; 8-power supply Charging line socket; 9-switch button; 10-steel bar; 11-electrode plate; 12-connection line between electrode plate and data acquisition and processing device; 13-data acquisition and processing device; 14-concrete; 15-copper electrode; 16-polya Methyl acrylate; 17-plastic shell; 18-plastic filler.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例1，下面结合附图对本申请实施例详细地描述。Embodiment 1. The following describes the embodiments of the present application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
如图1至图4所示，本申请是基于静电场电容原理，所述的混凝土中钢筋检测装置主要包括有，电极板11、直流电源、数据采集处理装置13、电极板与数据采集处理装置的连接线12。As shown in Figures 1 to 4, this application is based on the principle of electrostatic field capacitance. The said device for detecting steel bars in concrete mainly includes electrode plate 11, DC power supply, data acquisition and processing device 13, electrode plate and data acquisition and processing device的连接线12。 The connection line 12.
其中，所述电极板11包括铜电极15、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯16和含水率测试装置。Wherein, the electrode plate 11 includes a copper electrode 15, a polymethyl methacrylate 16 and a moisture content test device.
铜电极15(如图4所示)以用于产生激励电压和感应电压，铜电极之间的间距可为0.5cm，两块铜电极15放置于同一水平高度和同一水平面，电极板11的尺寸为7.5cm×4cm×0.1mm。Copper electrodes 15 (as shown in Figure 4) are used to generate excitation voltage and induced voltage. The distance between the copper electrodes can be 0.5 cm. Two copper electrodes 15 are placed at the same level and the same level. The size of the electrode plate 11 It is 7.5cm×4cm×0.1mm.
封装铜电极15可采用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯16，保证电极板11处于绝缘状态。The encapsulated copper electrode 15 can be polymethyl methacrylate 16 to ensure that the electrode plate 11 is in an insulated state.
塑料外壳17对封装好的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯16进一步的封装，从而对铜电极15进行有效保护。聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯16的尺寸为8.5cm×8.7cm×2mm。The plastic casing 17 further encapsulates the encapsulated polymethyl methacrylate 16 so as to effectively protect the copper electrode 15. The size of the polymethyl methacrylate 16 is 8.5 cm×8.7 cm×2 mm.
塑料外壳17为立方体结构，铜电极15紧贴外壳17一侧内壁以便于进行检测。The plastic casing 17 has a cubic structure, and the copper electrode 15 is closely attached to the inner wall of one side of the casing 17 to facilitate detection.
检测原理是根据电容值的波动情况以及电容值的大小判定钢筋的状态。The detection principle is to determine the state of the steel bars according to the fluctuation of the capacitance value and the size of the capacitance value.
并联电容传感器的电容值可通过以下公式计算：The capacitance value of the parallel capacitance sensor can be calculated by the following formula:
Figure PCTCN2020095587-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2020095587-appb-000002
其中，C是电容传感器两极板之间的电容量，以法拉(F)为单位；Among them, C is the capacitance between the two plates of the capacitive sensor, in farads (F) as the unit;
A是两极板之间的(有效)面积，单位为平方米；A is the (effective) area between the two plates, in square meters;
ε r是极板之间材料的相对介电常数； ε r is the relative permittivity of the material between the plates;
ε是真空中的绝对介电常数(8.854×10 -12Fm -1)； ε is the absolute dielectric constant in vacuum (8.854×10 -12 Fm -1 );
d是极板之间的间隔距离，以米为单位。d is the separation distance between the plates, in meters.
由于电极板11之间的距离与电极板11的有效面积保持不变，铜电极15之间的检测物质发生变化，即铜极板15之间的介电常数(ε r)发生变化，致使电极板之间的电容量(C)发生变化。 Since the distance between the electrode plates 11 and the effective area of the electrode plates 11 remain unchanged, the detection substance between the copper electrodes 15 changes, that is, the dielectric constant (ε r ) between the copper plates 15 changes, causing the electrodes The capacitance (C) between the plates changes.
电极板11之间混凝土中钢筋位置、尺寸以及钢筋锈蚀量的不同，都会导致电极板之间的介电常数(ε r)发生变化，通过这个原理检测混凝土中钢筋的状态。 The difference in the position and size of the steel bars in the concrete between the electrode plates 11 and the amount of steel corrosion will cause the dielectric constant (ε r ) between the electrode plates to change. This principle is used to detect the state of the steel bars in the concrete.
直流电源，向电极板11提供稳定的1.0V恒定电压，以使得上述电极板11产生激 励电压。The DC power supply supplies a stable 1.0V constant voltage to the electrode plate 11 so that the electrode plate 11 generates an excitation voltage.
所述的数据采集处理装置13包括有，如图2所示：The data acquisition and processing device 13 includes, as shown in Fig. 2:
电容计，用于检测电极板11之间的电容值，其角频率设定为10KHz；Capacitance meter, used to detect the capacitance value between the electrode plates 11, and its angular frequency is set to 10KHz;
显示模块1以用于完后人机交互操作，显示模块1与电容计相连以显示电容传感器检测后得到的数值，数值可通过数字显示、曲线显示和柱状显示；The display module 1 is used for man-machine interactive operation after the completion. The display module 1 is connected with the capacitance meter to display the value obtained after the capacitance sensor is detected. The value can be displayed by digital display, curve display and bar display;
操作模块4，用于人工实际操作输入某些特定的工程信息，从而能够设定参数、切换显示方式和设置明暗度等； Operation module 4, used to manually input some specific engineering information, so as to be able to set parameters, switch the display mode and set the brightness, etc.;
处理模块，用于将电容计测得数值和其他相关数值进行数据分析统计；Processing module, used for data analysis and statistics of the measured value of the capacitance meter and other related values;
数据连接线插口2，连接数据采集处理装置13和电极板11；The data connection line socket 2 is connected to the data acquisition and processing device 13 and the electrode plate 11;
指示灯5，常亮表示设备正常，保证设备正常工作； Indicator light 5, always on means that the equipment is normal and ensure the equipment is working normally
挂钩6，用于检测时方便携带； Hook 6 for easy carrying during testing;
电脑连接线插口7，用于与电脑进行连接，以方便将数据导入电脑进行保存以及数据进一步的分析与处理；The computer connection line jack 7 is used to connect with the computer to facilitate the import of the data into the computer for storage and further analysis and processing of the data;
电源充电线插口10，用于数据采集处理装置进行充电，保证正常工作，为电极提供电压。The power charging line socket 10 is used for charging the data acquisition and processing device to ensure normal operation and provide voltage for the electrodes.
在应用上述检测装置的基础上，本申请还实现了下述混凝土中钢筋检测方法。Based on the application of the above detection device, this application also implements the following method for detecting steel bars in concrete.
检测方法是基于静电场电容原理，包括有以下实施步骤：The detection method is based on the principle of electrostatic field capacitance and includes the following implementation steps:
1)标定1) Calibration
标定是指依据电容值数据建立与钢筋状态的表征映射。所述的标定包括，电容值与钢筋直径的标定、电容值与钢筋保护层厚度的标定、电容值与钢筋锈蚀状态的标定等。具体地，Calibration refers to the establishment of a characterization mapping with the state of the steel bar based on the capacitance value data. Said calibration includes calibration of capacitance value and steel bar diameter, calibration of capacitance value and steel protection layer thickness, calibration of capacitance value and steel corrosion state, etc. specifically,
1.1电容值与钢筋直径的标定1.1 Calibration of capacitance value and steel bar diameter
1.1.1将不同直径的钢筋放入同一批、保护层厚度相同的混凝土中，将混凝土养护28天；1.1.1 Put steel bars of different diameters into the same batch of concrete with the same protective layer thickness, and cure the concrete for 28 days;
1.1.2待混凝土养护完成后，将待测钢筋混凝土放入烘箱中，使钢筋混凝土保持含水率为0；1.1.2 After the concrete curing is completed, put the reinforced concrete to be tested into the oven to keep the reinforced concrete with a moisture content of 0;
1.1.3取出含水率为0待测钢筋混凝土，使用检测装置将电极板11沿混凝土一侧向另一侧匀速地进行扫描，测得不同钢筋直径对应的电容值，建立电容值与钢筋 直径的一一对应关系；1.1.3 Take out the reinforced concrete to be tested with a moisture content of 0, use the detection device to scan the electrode plate 11 along the concrete side to the other at a uniform speed, measure the capacitance value corresponding to different steel bar diameters, and establish the capacitance value and the steel bar diameter. One-to-one correspondence;
1.1.4使用数据采集处理装置，将上步得到的电容值带入公式(1)中对钢筋直径进行检测；1.1.4 Use the data acquisition and processing device to bring the capacitance value obtained in the previous step into formula (1) to detect the diameter of the steel bar;
表征电容值与钢筋直径关系的公式(1)为：C＝aB 2+bB+c。 The formula (1) that characterizes the relationship between the capacitance value and the diameter of the steel bar is: C=aB 2 +bB+c.
1.2电容值与钢筋保护层厚度的标定1.2 Calibration of capacitance value and thickness of steel protection layer
1.2.1将直径相同钢筋放入同一批不同保护层厚度的混凝土中，将混凝土养护28天；1.2.1 Put the steel bars of the same diameter into the same batch of concrete with different protective layer thickness, and cure the concrete for 28 days;
1.2.2待混凝土完成养护后，将待测钢筋混凝土放入烘箱中，使钢筋混凝土保持含水率为0；1.2.2 After the concrete is cured, put the reinforced concrete to be tested into the oven to keep the reinforced concrete with a moisture content of 0;
1.2.3取出待测钢筋混凝土，将传感器组装完毕，极板沿混凝土中钢筋一侧向另一侧匀速扫描，测得不同钢筋保护层厚度对应的电容值，建立电容值与钢筋保护层厚度的一一对应关系；1.2.3 Take out the reinforced concrete to be tested, assemble the sensor, and scan the electrode plate along the side of the steel bar in the concrete at a constant speed to measure the capacitance values corresponding to the thickness of the steel bar protection layer. One-to-one correspondence;
1.2.4使用数据采集处理装置得到的电容值带入公式(2)中，对钢筋保护层厚度进行检测；表征电容值与钢筋保护层厚度关系的公式(2)为：C＝eD 2+fD+g。 1.2.4 The capacitance value obtained by using the data acquisition and processing device is brought into formula (2) to detect the thickness of the steel protection layer; the formula (2) that characterizes the relationship between the capacitance value and the thickness of the steel protection layer is: C=eD 2 +fD +g.
1.3电容值与钢筋锈蚀状态的标定1.3 Calibration of capacitance value and steel corrosion status
1.3.1将直径相同的钢筋放入同一批保护层厚度相同的混凝土中，将混凝土养护28天；1.3.1 Put the steel bars with the same diameter into the same batch of concrete with the same protective layer thickness, and cure the concrete for 28 days;
1.3.2待混凝土完成养护后，通过电化学试验进行钢筋锈蚀，通过控制通电时间，使钢筋产生不同程度的锈蚀量；1.3.2 After the concrete has been cured, corrosion of the steel bars is carried out through electrochemical tests. By controlling the power-on time, the steel bars will produce different degrees of corrosion;
1.3.3待电化学试验完成后，将待测钢筋混凝土放入烘箱中，使钢筋混凝土保持含水率为0。1.3.3 After the electrochemical test is completed, put the reinforced concrete to be tested into the oven to keep the reinforced concrete with a moisture content of 0.
1.3.4取出待测钢筋混凝土，将传感器组装完毕，极板沿混凝土中钢筋一侧向另一侧匀速扫描，测得不同钢筋锈蚀状态对应的电容值；1.3.4 Take out the reinforced concrete to be tested, assemble the sensor, and scan the electrode plate at a constant speed from one side of the steel bar in the concrete to the other side, and measure the capacitance values corresponding to different corrosion states of the steel bars;
1.3.5将锈蚀钢筋从混凝土中取出，在锈蚀钢筋表面喷洒酸性除锈溶液，将铁锈除去；1.3.5 Take out the corroded steel bars from the concrete, spray an acid rust removal solution on the surface of the corroded steel bars to remove the rust;
1.3.6除锈后的钢筋进行称重，与初始钢筋质量进行比较，获得钢筋锈蚀量，建立电容值与钢筋锈蚀量的一一对应关系；1.3.6 Weigh the steel bar after rust removal, compare it with the initial steel bar quality, obtain the steel bar corrosion amount, and establish a one-to-one correspondence between the capacitance value and the steel bar corrosion amount;
1.3.7将数据采集处理装置得到的电容值与钢筋锈蚀量带入公式(3)中进行钢筋锈蚀量的定量检测；1.3.7 Bring the capacitance value and the steel corrosion amount obtained by the data acquisition and processing device into the formula (3) for quantitative detection of the steel corrosion amount;
表征电容值与钢筋锈蚀状态关系的公式(3)为：C＝K 0*△M。 The formula (3) that characterizes the relationship between the capacitance value and the corrosion state of the steel bar is: C=K 0 *△M.
2)实测获取数据2) Obtain data from actual measurement
2.1将电极板与数据采集处理装置进行连接并开启，数据采集处理装置中指示灯一直处于常亮状态，表明设备正常；2.1 Connect the electrode plate to the data acquisition and processing device and turn it on. The indicator light in the data acquisition and processing device is always on, indicating that the equipment is normal;
2.2对钢筋混凝土结构进行实际检测2.2 Actual inspection of reinforced concrete structures
将电极板放置于混凝土一侧，操作所述数据采集处理装置中的操作模块，输入必要工程信息，将电极板沿混凝土一侧向另一侧匀速扫描，得到不同位置的电容值，极板之间的电容量可表示为：Place the electrode plate on one side of the concrete, operate the operation module in the data acquisition and processing device, input the necessary engineering information, scan the electrode plate along the concrete side to the other side at a constant speed to obtain the capacitance values of different positions. The capacity of the room can be expressed as:
Figure PCTCN2020095587-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2020095587-appb-000003
式中，C为电极板之间的电容量，a为电极板的长度，b为电极板的宽度，d为电极板之间的间距，K 0为不同种类的钢筋混凝土的系数，ε x为电极板之间的相对介电常数；在其他参数不变的情况下，电极板之间相对介电常数的变化，将直接影响电容量的变化。 In the formula, C is the capacitance between the electrode plates, a is the length of the electrode plates, b is the width of the electrode plates, d is the distance between the electrode plates, K 0 is the coefficient of different types of reinforced concrete, and ε x is The relative dielectric constant between the electrode plates; when other parameters are unchanged, the change of the relative dielectric constant between the electrode plates will directly affect the change of the capacitance.
3)数据处理与分析3) Data processing and analysis
3.1沿电极板移动方向将测试目标进行刻度标注；3.1 Scale the test target along the moving direction of the electrode plate;
3.2建立二维坐标系，X轴为电极板移动方向的刻度，Y轴为电容计实测得出的电容值；3.2 Establish a two-dimensional coordinate system, the X axis is the scale of the moving direction of the electrode plate, and the Y axis is the capacitance value measured by the capacitance meter;
检测钢筋位置，通过电容值的波动情况，可判定钢筋在混凝土中的位置，电容值与钢筋直径的关系表达式为：C＝aB 2+bB+c   (1)； The position of the steel bar is detected, and the position of the steel bar in the concrete can be determined by the fluctuation of the capacitance value. The relationship between the capacitance value and the diameter of the steel bar is expressed as: C=aB 2 +bB+c (1);
将电极板放置于钢筋混凝土表面，将电极板沿钢筋混凝土表面一侧向另一侧匀速扫描，以2.5mm为步长，测得钢筋混凝土的含水率和每个位置的电容值；Place the electrode plate on the surface of the reinforced concrete, scan the electrode plate from one side of the reinforced concrete surface to the other at a constant speed, and measure the moisture content of the reinforced concrete and the capacitance value of each position with a step length of 2.5mm;
数据采集处理装置通过含水率与电容值的关系式，获得修正后的每个位置的电容值，如图6所示的表明电容传感器能够检测钢筋的位置关系。The data acquisition and processing device obtains the corrected capacitance value of each position through the relationship between the moisture content and the capacitance value. As shown in Fig. 6, it shows that the capacitance sensor can detect the positional relationship of the steel bars.
检测钢筋保护层的厚度，关系表达式为：C＝eD 2+fD+g   (2)； To detect the thickness of the protective layer of the steel bar, the relational expression is: C=eD 2 +fD+g (2);
上述2个公式中，C为修正后的电容值，B为钢筋的直径，D为钢筋的保护层厚度，a、b、c、e、f、g为拟合后得到的数值；In the above two formulas, C is the corrected capacitance value, B is the diameter of the steel bar, D is the thickness of the protective layer of the steel bar, and a, b, c, e, f, and g are the values obtained after fitting;
检测钢筋的直径Detect the diameter of the rebar
将电极板放置于钢筋混凝土表面，将电极板11沿相同钢筋保护层厚度、不同钢筋直径的钢筋混凝土表面一侧向另一侧匀速扫描，将每一次测得电容最大值与含水 率进行修正，比较相同钢筋保护层厚度在不同钢筋直径下的电容值的关系；Place the electrode plate on the surface of the reinforced concrete, scan the electrode plate 11 along the surface of the reinforced concrete with the same steel protection layer thickness and different steel diameters at a constant speed to the other side, and correct the maximum capacitance and moisture content of each measurement. Compare the relationship between the capacitance value of the same steel protection layer thickness under different steel diameters;
钢筋直径与电容值的关系式为：C＝aB 2+bB+c，其中，C为修正后的电容值，B为钢筋的直径，a、b、c为拟合后得到的数值，如图7所示表明电容传感能够检测钢筋的直径关系。 The relationship between the diameter of the steel bar and the capacitance value is: C=aB 2 +bB+c, where C is the corrected capacitance value, B is the diameter of the steel bar, and a, b, and c are the values obtained after fitting, as shown in the figure Figure 7 shows that capacitive sensing can detect the relationship between the diameter of the steel bar.
检测钢筋锈蚀量与电容值的关系Detect the relationship between the amount of steel corrosion and the capacitance value
将电极板沿相同钢筋保护层厚度、相同钢筋直径的钢筋混凝土表面，沿其一侧向另一侧匀速扫描，将每一次测得电容值与含水率进行修正，比较钢筋锈蚀量与电容值的关系，如图8所示。Scan the electrode plate along the reinforced concrete surface of the same steel protection layer thickness and the same steel diameter at a constant speed from one side to the other side. The capacitance value and moisture content measured each time are corrected, and the corrosion amount of the steel bar is compared with the capacitance value. The relationship is shown in Figure 8.
电容值与钢筋锈蚀状态的关系表达式为：C＝K 0*△M   (3)； The expression of the relationship between the capacitance value and the corrosion state of the steel bar is: C=K 0 *△M (3);
其中，C为修正后的电容值，K 0为不同钢筋混凝土状态下的系数，△M为待测钢筋混凝土中钢筋的锈蚀量。 Among them, C is the corrected capacitance value, K 0 is the coefficient under different reinforced concrete states, and △M is the corrosion amount of the steel bars in the reinforced concrete to be tested.
如上所述，结合附图和描述给出的方案内容，可以衍生出类似的技术方案。但凡是未脱离本发明的结构的方案内容，均仍属于本申请技术方案的权利范围。As mentioned above, in conjunction with the content of the solution given in the drawings and description, similar technical solutions can be derived. However, all the content of the solution that does not deviate from the structure of the present invention still belongs to the right scope of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims (4)

  1. 一种混凝土中钢筋检测装置，其特征在于：包括有电极板、直流电源和数据采集处理装置；A device for detecting steel bars in concrete, which is characterized in that it includes an electrode plate, a DC power supply, and a data acquisition and processing device;
    所述的电极板包括铜电极、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和含水率测试装置，两个铜电极放置于同一水平高度和同一水平面上；The electrode plate includes a copper electrode, polymethyl methacrylate and a moisture content test device, and the two copper electrodes are placed on the same level and on the same level;
    所述的数据采集处理装置包括有，电容计，其角频率设定为10KHz；The data acquisition and processing device includes a capacitance meter, the angular frequency of which is set to 10KHz;
    显示模块，以显示电容传感器检测后得到的数值；Display module to display the value obtained after the capacitance sensor detects;
    操作模块，用于人工实际操作输入特定工程信息以设定参数；Operation module, used for manual actual operation to input specific project information to set parameters;
    处理模块，用于将电容计测得数值和其他相关数值进行数据分析统计；Processing module, used for data analysis and statistics of the measured value of the capacitance meter and other related values;
    数据连接线插口，用于连接所述的电极板。The data connection line socket is used to connect the electrode plate.
  2. 如权利要求1所述混凝土中钢筋检测装置的检测方法，其特征在于：根据电容值波动情况和电容值数据判定钢筋状态，计算公式如下，The method for detecting steel bars in concrete according to claim 1, wherein the state of the steel bars is determined according to the fluctuation of the capacitance value and the capacitance value data, and the calculation formula is as follows:
    Figure PCTCN2020095587-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2020095587-appb-100001
    其中，C是电容传感器两极板之间的电容量，以法拉(F)为单位；Among them, C is the capacitance between the two plates of the capacitive sensor, in farads (F);
    A是两极板之间的(有效)面积，单位为平方米；A is the (effective) area between the two plates, in square meters;
    ε r是极板之间材料的相对介电常数； ε r is the relative permittivity of the material between the plates;
    ε是真空中的绝对介电常数(8.854×10 -12Fm -1)； ε is the absolute dielectric constant in vacuum (8.854×10 -12 Fm -1 );
    d是极板之间的间隔距离，以米为单位；d is the separation distance between the plates, in meters;
    电极板之间电容量的变化趋势，表征出混凝土中钢筋位置、尺寸和锈蚀量的不同。The change trend of the capacitance between the electrode plates characterizes the difference in the position, size and amount of corrosion of the steel bars in the concrete.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的混凝土中钢筋检测方法，其特征在于：基于静电场电容原理，包括有以下实施步骤，The method for detecting steel bars in concrete according to claim 2, characterized in that: based on the principle of electrostatic field capacitance, the method includes the following implementation steps:
    1)标定1) Calibration
    标定是指依据电容值数据建立与钢筋状态的表征映射。所述的标定过程包括电容值与钢筋直径的标定、电容值与钢筋保护层厚度的标定、电容值与钢筋锈蚀状态的标定；Calibration refers to the establishment of a characterization mapping with the state of the steel bar based on the capacitance value data. The calibration process includes the calibration of the capacitance value and the diameter of the steel bar, the calibration of the capacitance value and the thickness of the protection layer of the steel bar, and the calibration of the capacitance value and the corrosion state of the steel bar;
    2)实测获取数据2) Obtain data from actual measurement
    2.1将电极板与数据采集处理装置进行连接并开启；2.1 Connect the electrode plate to the data acquisition and processing device and turn it on;
    2.2对钢筋混凝土结构进行实际检测；2.2 Perform actual inspections on reinforced concrete structures;
    将电极板放置于混凝土一侧，操作所述数据采集处理装置中的操作模块，输入必要工程信息，将电极板沿混凝土一侧向另一侧匀速扫描，得到不同位置的电容值；Place the electrode plate on one side of the concrete, operate the operation module in the data acquisition and processing device, input necessary engineering information, and scan the electrode plate along the concrete side to the other side at a constant speed to obtain the capacitance values of different positions;
    3)数据处理与分析3) Data processing and analysis
    3.1沿电极板移动方向将测试目标进行刻度标注；3.1 Scale the test target along the moving direction of the electrode plate;
    3.2建立二维坐标系，X轴为电极板移动方向的刻度，Y轴为电容计实测得出的电容值；3.2 Establish a two-dimensional coordinate system, the X axis is the scale of the moving direction of the electrode plate, and the Y axis is the capacitance value measured by the capacitance meter;
    检测钢筋位置，电容值与钢筋直径的关系表达式为，C＝aB 2+bB+c (1)； To detect the position of the steel bar, the relationship between the capacitance value and the diameter of the steel bar is expressed as C=aB 2 +bB+c (1);
    检测钢筋保护层的厚度关系表达式为，C＝eD 2+fD+g (2)； The expression of the thickness relation of the protective layer of the steel bar is: C=eD 2 +fD+g (2);
    检测钢筋直径与电容值的关系式为，C＝aB 2+bB+c； The relationship between the diameter of the steel bar and the capacitance value is: C=aB 2 +bB+c;
    检测钢筋锈蚀量与电容值的关系为，C＝K 0*△M (3)。 The relationship between the amount of corrosion of steel bars and the capacitance value is C=K 0 *△M (3).
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的混凝土中钢筋检测方法，其特征在于：所述的标定过程包括以下步骤，The method for detecting steel bars in concrete according to claim 3, wherein the calibration process includes the following steps:
    1.1电容值与钢筋直径的标定1.1 Calibration of capacitance value and steel bar diameter
    1.1.1将不同直径的钢筋放入同一批、保护层厚度相同的混凝土中，将混凝土养护28天；1.1.1 Put steel bars of different diameters into the same batch of concrete with the same protective layer thickness, and cure the concrete for 28 days;
    1.1.2待混凝土养护完成后，将待测钢筋混凝土放入烘箱中，使钢筋混凝土保持含水率为0；1.1.2 After the concrete curing is completed, put the reinforced concrete to be tested into the oven to keep the reinforced concrete with a moisture content of 0;
    1.1.3取出含水率为0待测钢筋混凝土，使用检测装置将电极板11沿混凝土一侧向另一侧匀速地进行扫描，测得不同钢筋直径对应的电容值，建立电容值与钢筋直径的一一对应关系；1.1.3 Take out the reinforced concrete to be tested with a moisture content of 0, use the detection device to scan the electrode plate 11 along the concrete side to the other at a uniform speed, measure the capacitance value corresponding to different steel bar diameters, and establish the capacitance value and the steel bar diameter. One-to-one correspondence;
    1.1.4使用数据采集处理装置，将上步得到的电容值带入公式(1)中对钢筋直径进行检测；表征电容值与钢筋直径关系的公式(1)为，C＝aB 2+bB+c； 1.1.4 Using a data acquisition and processing device, bring the capacitance value obtained in the previous step into formula (1) to detect the diameter of the steel bar; the formula (1) that characterizes the relationship between the capacitance value and the diameter of the steel bar is: C=aB 2 +bB+ c;
    1.2电容值与钢筋保护层厚度的标定1.2 Calibration of capacitance value and thickness of steel protection layer
    1.2.1将直径相同钢筋放入同一批不同保护层厚度的混凝土中，将混凝土养护28天；1.2.1 Put the steel bars of the same diameter into the same batch of concrete with different protective layer thickness, and cure the concrete for 28 days;
    1.2.2待混凝土完成养护后，将待测钢筋混凝土放入烘箱中，使钢筋混凝土保持含水率为0；1.2.2 After the concrete is cured, put the reinforced concrete to be tested into the oven to keep the reinforced concrete with a moisture content of 0;
    1.2.3取出待测钢筋混凝土，将传感器组装完毕，极板沿混凝土中钢筋一侧向另一侧匀速扫描，测得不同钢筋保护层厚度对应的电容值，建立电容值与钢筋保护层厚度的一一对应关系；1.2.3 Take out the reinforced concrete to be tested, assemble the sensor, and scan the electrode plate along the side of the steel bar in the concrete at a constant speed to measure the capacitance value corresponding to the thickness of the steel bar protection layer, and establish the capacitance value and the thickness of the steel bar protection layer. One-to-one correspondence;
    1.2.4使用数据采集处理装置得到的电容值带入公式(2)中，对钢筋保护层厚度进行检测；表征电容值与钢筋保护层厚度关系的公式(2)为，C＝eD 2+fD+g； 1.2.4 The capacitance value obtained by using the data acquisition and processing device is brought into formula (2) to detect the thickness of the steel protection layer; the formula (2) that characterizes the relationship between the capacitance value and the thickness of the steel protection layer is, C=eD 2 +fD +g;
    1.3电容值与钢筋锈蚀状态的标定1.3 Calibration of capacitance value and steel corrosion status
    1.3.1将直径相同的钢筋放入同一批保护层厚度相同的混凝土中，将混凝土养护28天；1.3.1 Put the steel bars with the same diameter into the same batch of concrete with the same protective layer thickness, and cure the concrete for 28 days;
    1.3.2待混凝土完成养护后，通过电化学试验进行钢筋锈蚀，通过控制通电时间，使钢筋产生不同程度的锈蚀量；1.3.2 After the concrete has been cured, corrosion of the steel bars is carried out through electrochemical tests. By controlling the power-on time, the steel bars will produce different degrees of corrosion;
    1.3.3待电化学试验完成后，将待测钢筋混凝土放入烘箱中，使钢筋混凝土保持含水率为0；1.3.3 After the electrochemical test is completed, put the reinforced concrete to be tested into the oven to keep the reinforced concrete with a moisture content of 0;
    1.3.4取出待测钢筋混凝土，将传感器组装完毕，极板沿混凝土中钢筋一侧向另一侧匀速扫描，测得不同钢筋锈蚀状态对应的电容值；1.3.4 Take out the reinforced concrete to be tested, assemble the sensor, and scan the electrode plate at a constant speed from one side of the steel bar in the concrete to the other side, and measure the capacitance values corresponding to different corrosion states of the steel bars;
    1.3.5将锈蚀钢筋从混凝土中取出，在锈蚀钢筋表面喷洒酸性除锈溶液，将铁锈除去；1.3.5 Take out the corroded steel bars from the concrete, spray an acid rust removal solution on the surface of the corroded steel bars to remove the rust;
    1.3.6除锈后的钢筋进行称重，与初始钢筋质量进行比较，获得钢筋锈蚀量，建立电容值与钢筋锈蚀量的一一对应关系；1.3.6 Weigh the steel bar after rust removal, compare it with the initial steel bar quality, obtain the steel bar corrosion amount, and establish a one-to-one correspondence between the capacitance value and the steel bar corrosion amount;
    1.3.7将数据采集处理装置得到的电容值与钢筋锈蚀量带入公式(3)中进行钢筋锈蚀量的定量检测；表征电容值与钢筋锈蚀状态关系的公式(3)为，C＝K 0*△M。 1.3.7 Bring the capacitance value and the steel corrosion amount obtained by the data acquisition and processing device into formula (3) for quantitative detection of the steel corrosion amount; the formula (3) that characterizes the relationship between the capacitance value and the corrosion state of the steel bar is, C=K 0 *△M.
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CN108981557A (en) * 2018-09-05 2018-12-11 广州大学 Detection method that is a kind of while measuring reinforcement in concrete diameter and its protective layer thickness
CN110836631A (en) * 2019-11-22 2020-02-25 青岛理工大学 Device and method for detecting steel bars in concrete
CN210773884U (en) * 2019-11-22 2020-06-16 青岛理工大学 Steel bar detection device in concrete

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CN113702490A (en) * 2021-08-27 2021-11-26 重庆邮电大学 Concrete internal steel bar corrosion amount estimation method based on eddy current heat conduction
CN113702490B (en) * 2021-08-27 2024-04-30 重庆邮电大学 Method for estimating corrosion amount of concrete internal steel bars based on eddy current heat conduction
US11919193B2 (en) 2022-07-26 2024-03-05 Ge Infrastructure Technology Llc System and method for tracking reinforcement member placement in an additively manufactured structure

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