WO2021097850A1 - 毫米波天线、天线组件、毫米波雷达***和可移动平台 - Google Patents
毫米波天线、天线组件、毫米波雷达***和可移动平台 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021097850A1 WO2021097850A1 PCT/CN2019/120418 CN2019120418W WO2021097850A1 WO 2021097850 A1 WO2021097850 A1 WO 2021097850A1 CN 2019120418 W CN2019120418 W CN 2019120418W WO 2021097850 A1 WO2021097850 A1 WO 2021097850A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/023—Interference mitigation, e.g. reducing or avoiding non-intentional interference with other HF-transmitters, base station transmitters for mobile communication or other radar systems, e.g. using electro-magnetic interference [EMI] reduction techniques
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
Definitions
- This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a millimeter wave antenna, an antenna assembly, a millimeter wave radar system and a movable platform.
- Millimeter wave radar is a radar that works in the millimeter wave band (millimeter wave) detection.
- the millimeter wave has a wavelength between the centimeter wave and the light wave, and has a strong ability to penetrate fog, smoke, and dust, and has the characteristics of all-weather and all-weather.
- the millimeter-wave radar can provide multi-channel amplitude and phase signal data for the angle measurement algorithm by distributing multiple antennas in space in one or two dimensions, so as to realize the angle measurement function; and then provide the position information of the target to be measured. Including speed, distance, angle, such as the angle of the horizontal plane or the pitch plane.
- speed, distance, angle such as the angle of the horizontal plane or the pitch plane.
- the number of antennas of the actual millimeter wave radar is limited. In a limited number of antenna array environments, each sub-array is located in a different array environment, and the coupling situation is different, resulting in edge effects, that is, the antenna patterns at the edge of the array and the center of the array are different, which worsens the amplitude and phase of each channel. consistency.
- the amplitude and phase consistency between channels affect the accuracy of angle measurement. Therefore, the antenna design suitable for millimeter wave radar systems must consider the antenna amplitude and phase consistency.
- the present application provides a millimeter wave antenna, antenna assembly, millimeter wave radar system, and a movable platform, which aim to enhance the amplitude and phase consistency of the millimeter wave radar antenna to improve the angle measurement accuracy of the millimeter wave radar.
- this application provides a millimeter wave antenna, including:
- the antenna substrate has an antenna side surface and a feeder side surface arranged opposite to the antenna side surface;
- the antenna array is arranged on the side of the antenna and includes at least two antenna sub-arrays arranged in parallel.
- the antenna sub-arrays are used to transmit energy obtained from the side of the feeder or transfer the energy of received electromagnetic waves to the feeder side;
- the antenna further includes at least two dummy antennas arranged on the side of the antenna, the dummy antennas are parallel to the at least two antenna sub-arrays, and at least two antenna sub-arrays for receiving electromagnetic waves Located between the at least two dummy antennas.
- the present application provides a millimeter wave antenna, and the antenna includes:
- the antenna substrate has a plurality of stacked dielectric plates and at least one metal isolation layer, the metal isolation layer is located between adjacent dielectric plates, and the multiple stacked dielectric plates have an antenna side surface and an antenna side surface opposite to the antenna side surface. Feeder side
- the antenna sub-array is arranged on the side of the antenna and includes a central patch, a first series feeder array connected to one end of the central patch, and a second series feeder array connected to the other end of the central patch;
- the feed patch is arranged on the side of the feeder line, and is arranged opposite to the center patch of the antenna sub-array;
- the antenna waveguide patch is arranged on the side of the antenna and on the outer periphery of the central patch of the antenna sub-array;
- the feeder waveguide patch is arranged on the side of the feeder line, and is provided on the outer periphery of the feeder patch, and is connected to the center patch disposed opposite to the feeder patch through a plurality of first metallized through holes In the antenna waveguide patch on the outer periphery, the first metallized through hole penetrates the feed waveguide patch, the antenna substrate and the antenna waveguide patch.
- the present application provides an antenna feed structure of a millimeter wave antenna, the structure including:
- the antenna substrate has an antenna side surface and a feeder side surface arranged opposite to the antenna side surface;
- the antenna sub-array is arranged on the side of the antenna and includes a central patch, a first series feeder array connected to one end of the central patch, and a second series feeder array connected to the other end of the central patch;
- the antenna waveguide patch is arranged on the side of the antenna and is arranged on the outer periphery of the central patch of the antenna sub-array.
- the antenna waveguide patch passes through a plurality of first metallization passes through the antenna substrate.
- the hole is connected to the side of the feeder.
- the present application provides a feeder feed structure for a millimeter wave antenna, the structure including:
- the antenna substrate has an antenna side surface and a feeder side surface arranged opposite to the antenna side surface;
- the antenna sub-array is arranged on the side of the antenna
- the feed patch is arranged on the side of the antenna and is arranged opposite to the antenna sub-array;
- the feeder waveguide patch is arranged on the side of the feeder line and on the outer periphery of the feeder patch, and is connected to the side of the antenna through a plurality of first metallized through holes drilled through the antenna substrate, To electromagnetically couple with the antenna sub-array on the side of the antenna.
- the present application provides a dummy antenna structure of a millimeter wave antenna, the structure including:
- the antenna substrate has an antenna side surface and a feeder side surface arranged opposite to the antenna side surface;
- the dummy antenna is arranged on the side of the antenna and includes a central patch
- the load component is arranged on the side of the feeder line, and is arranged opposite to the central patch of the dummy antenna;
- the dummy waveguide patch is arranged on the side of the antenna and on the outer periphery of the central patch of the dummy antenna, and the dummy waveguide patch passes through a plurality of second metals pierced on the antenna substrate
- the through hole is connected to the side of the feeder to be electromagnetically coupled with the load component.
- the present application provides an antenna assembly including a transceiver and a millimeter wave antenna electrically connected to the transceiver, and the millimeter wave antenna includes:
- the antenna substrate has an antenna side surface and a feeder side surface arranged opposite to the antenna side surface;
- the antenna array is arranged on the side of the antenna and includes at least two antenna sub-arrays arranged in parallel.
- the antenna sub-arrays are used to transmit energy obtained from the side of the feeder or transfer the energy of received electromagnetic waves to the feeder side;
- the antenna further includes at least two dummy antennas arranged on the side of the antenna, the dummy antennas are parallel to the at least two antenna sub-arrays, and at least two antenna sub-arrays for receiving electromagnetic waves Located between the at least two dummy antennas.
- the present application provides an antenna assembly including a transceiver and a millimeter wave antenna that is electrically connected to the transceiver, and the millimeter wave antenna includes:
- the antenna substrate has a plurality of stacked dielectric plates and at least one metal isolation layer, the metal isolation layer is located between adjacent dielectric plates, and the multiple stacked dielectric plates have an antenna side surface and an antenna side surface opposite to the antenna side surface. Feeder side
- the antenna sub-array is arranged on the side of the antenna and includes a central patch, a first series feeder array connected to one end of the central patch, and a second series feeder array connected to the other end of the central patch;
- the feed patch is arranged on the side of the feeder line, and is arranged opposite to the center patch of the antenna sub-array;
- the antenna waveguide patch is arranged on the side of the antenna and on the outer periphery of the central patch of the antenna sub-array;
- the feeder waveguide patch is arranged on the side of the feeder line, and is provided on the outer periphery of the feeder patch, and is connected to the center patch disposed opposite to the feeder patch through a plurality of first metallized through holes In the antenna waveguide patch on the outer periphery, the first metallized through hole penetrates the feed waveguide patch, the antenna substrate and the antenna waveguide patch.
- the present application provides a millimeter wave radar system, including a signal processing device and the aforementioned antenna assembly;
- the signal processing device is used to obtain the radar signal output by the transceiver of the antenna assembly, and process the radar signal to obtain the position information of the target relative to the millimeter wave radar system.
- the present application provides a movable platform including a signal processing device and the aforementioned antenna assembly;
- the signal processing device is used to obtain the radar signal output by the transceiver of the antenna assembly, and process the radar signal to obtain the position information of the target relative to the millimeter wave radar system.
- the embodiments of the present application provide a millimeter wave antenna, an antenna assembly, a millimeter wave radar system, and a movable platform.
- an antenna array By arranging an antenna array on the antenna side of the antenna substrate opposite to the side of the feeder, the millimeter wave of the back feed mode is realized.
- the antenna reduces the influence of the transmission feeder on the antenna, prevents the feed part from interfering with the receiving antenna, and improves the consistency of the amplitude and phase of the receiving antenna pattern in the antenna array; also by setting dummy antennas on both sides of the receiving antenna, the receiving antenna They are all in a similar array environment, thereby reducing the edge effect caused by the actual design of the antenna, and the antenna pattern of each receiving antenna is more consistent; thus, the angle measurement accuracy of the millimeter wave antenna can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna side of a millimeter wave antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the feeder side of the millimeter wave antenna in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the feeder side of the millimeter wave antenna in FIG. 1;
- Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of energy coupling between the receiving antenna and the dummy antenna in Fig. 1;
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna substrate and the first metallized through hole
- FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the antenna sub-array in FIG. 1;
- Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the feed patch and the feed waveguide patch on the side of the feed line in Fig. 2 / Fig. 3;
- FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the dummy antenna in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the load component in FIG. 2;
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the load component in FIG. 3;
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna substrate and the metalized blind hole
- Fig. 12 is a distribution diagram of the relative phase between the receiving antennas of each channel when there is no dummy antenna
- Figure 13 is a distribution diagram of the relative phase between the receiving antennas of each channel when the dummy antenna is connected to a radiating load
- Figure 14 is a distribution diagram of the relative phase between the receiving antennas of each channel when the dummy antenna is connected to a lossy load
- FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a millimeter wave radar system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- Antenna substrate 2031, antenna side; 2032, feeder side; 2033, dielectric plate; 2034, metal isolation layer;
- Antenna array 201. Antenna sub-array; TX, transmitting antenna; RX, receiving antenna; D_A, dummy antenna; 204, center patch; 505, the first series of feeder arrays; 506, the second series of feeder arrays; 502 , Microstrip patch; 501, antenna waveguide patch;
- Transceiver 106. First coupling signal; 107. Second coupling signal; 104. Outgoing wave; 105. Reflected wave;
- Feeder patch 601. Feeder waveguide patch; 6011, first gap portion; 6012, first opening portion; 603, open stub; 604, first impedance transformation section; 605, feeder line;
- the inventor of the present application found that the antenna feeder has a greater impact on the consistency of the amplitude and phase of the multi-channel received signal.
- the antenna feeding technology in the millimeter wave radar system usually adopts the side feeding method, that is, the transmission line that transmits the microwave signal from the radar transceiver chip and the antenna body are on the same layer of the printed circuit board, and the connection is on the side of the antenna.
- the main problems caused by this technology are: the spatial radiation effect of the transmission feeder will bring about the amplitude and phase difference of the multi-channel received signal; and the surface wave effect of the transmission feeder will cause the coupling between the receiving channels, which will cause the signal amplitude, Phase difference.
- the inventor of the present application also found that the antenna layout also has a great influence on the consistency of the amplitude and phase of the multi-channel received signal.
- the antenna system in the millimeter wave radar system is an array antenna model with a limited size and a limited number of sub-arrays. Compared with the array antenna model with an infinite number of subarrays, the limited number model has a different coupling situation due to the different array environment of each subarray, resulting in "edge effects", that is, the antenna patterns at the edge of the array and the center of the array are different. This worsens the consistency of amplitude and phase between channels.
- the inventor of the present application has improved the antenna of the millimeter wave radar, so as to enhance the amplitude and phase consistency of the millimeter wave radar antenna, so as to improve the angle measurement accuracy of the millimeter wave radar.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the antenna side 2031 of the millimeter wave antenna
- Figure 2 is the feeder side 2032 of the millimeter wave antenna.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the feeder side 2032 of the millimeter wave antenna.
- the antenna includes an antenna substrate 203 and an antenna array 200.
- the antenna substrate 203 has an antenna side surface 2031 and a feeder side surface 2032 opposite to the antenna side surface 2031; the antenna array 200 is provided on the antenna side surface 2031, and the antenna array 200 includes at least two antenna sub-arrays 201 arranged in parallel.
- the antenna sub-array 201 is used to transmit the energy obtained from the side 2032 of the feeder or transfer the energy of the received electromagnetic wave to the side 2032 of the feeder.
- the antenna side surface 2031 may be provided with a transmitting antenna TX for transmitting energy obtained from the feeder side surface 2032, and may also be provided with a receiving antenna RX for transmitting the energy of the received electromagnetic wave to the feeder side surface 2032.
- the transmitting antenna TX receives the power signal from the transmitter chip and converts it into a space electromagnetic wave signal to complete the transmission signal required for radar detection.
- the millimeter wave antenna includes a single-channel transmitting antenna TX, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.
- the receiving antenna RX is an effective receiving antenna RX directly connected to the receiver chip through the transmission feeder 605.
- the millimeter wave antenna includes a four-channel effective receiving antenna RX, but the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.
- the antenna further includes at least two dummy antennas D_A arranged on the side surface 2031 of the antenna.
- the dummy antenna D_A is parallel to the at least two antenna sub-arrays 201, and at least two are used for receiving electromagnetic waves.
- the antenna sub-array 201 is located between at least two dummy antennas D_A.
- the dummy antenna D_A can be used to reduce the amplitude and phase difference of the receiving channel.
- the dummy antenna D_A does not directly provide the received signal.
- a dummy antenna D_A is provided on the left and right sides of the four receiving antennas RX respectively.
- multiple dummy antennas D_A may also be provided on the left side and/or right side of the receiving antenna RX.
- Figure 4 shows a simplified schematic diagram of the millimeter wave antenna.
- the embodiment of the present application takes a one-dimensional uniform linear array (ULA) millimeter wave antenna as an example, but it should not be taken as an exclusion of other forms of antennas, for example, the millimeter wave antenna is not excluded from being two-dimensional.
- ULA uniform linear array
- the receiving antennas RX of the four channels are directly connected to the receiving channel of the transceiver 103, and the two dummy antennas D_A are respectively placed on both sides of the four receiving antennas RX.
- the energy coupling of the antenna array 200 can be described as follows: Take the first receiving antenna RX on the far left as an example: when the receiving antenna RX is in the receiving mode, it will be affected by the dummy antenna D_A on the left.
- the first coupling signal 106 and the second coupling signal 107 of the adjacent receiving antenna RX on the right side have common effects. These effects and the power signal actually received by the first receiving antenna RX on the far left from the air interface constitute the outgoing wave on the line.
- the outgoing wave 104 is transmitted from the receiving antenna RX to the receiving port of the transceiver 103, and the reflected wave 105 is transmitted from the receiving port of the transceiver 103 to the receiving antenna RX.
- the pattern of the receiving antenna RX in the array environment can be expressed as an energy accumulation effect, and the energy amplitude is affected by other channel antenna forms and their terminal load conditions. This effect can be embodied by the first coupling energy and the second coupling energy, for example. Therefore, through the coupling effect of the dummy antenna D_A on the receiving antenna RX at the edge, the coupling energy effect received by the receiving antenna RX at the edge is approximately the same or exactly the same as the coupling energy effect received by the receiving antenna RX in the middle. Or make the receiving antenna RX in the limited ULA all be in a similar array environment, thereby reducing the "edge effect" due to the actual antenna design.
- the antenna pattern of each receiving antenna RX has a high consistency.
- the radar When the radar calculates the angle of the reflection point, it can use MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification) and DBF (Digtal Beam Forming) algorithms, etc. These algorithms are based on the model of the amplitude and phase consistency of the multi-channel receiving antenna RX.
- MUSIC Multiple Signal Classification
- DBF Downlink Beam Forming
- the antenna array 200 as the main body of the antenna and the feeding body are separately placed on both sides of the circuit board by back feeding, that is, the antenna array 200 is set on the side 2031 of the antenna, which will be used for feeding power.
- the structure is set on the feeder side 2032 opposite to the antenna side 2031, thereby reducing the electromagnetic interference of the feeding process on the feeder side 2032 to the antenna sub-array 201 on the antenna array 200, and the pattern of the antenna sub-array 201 is more consistent. high.
- the antenna substrate 203 includes a plurality of stacked dielectric plates 2033 and at least one metal isolation layer 2034, and the metal isolation layer 2034 is located between adjacent dielectric plates 2033.
- the multiple stacked dielectric plates 2033 have an antenna side surface 2031 and a feeder side surface 2032 disposed opposite to the antenna side surface 2031.
- the metal isolation layer 2034 includes, for example, copper foil. It can be understood that FIG. 5 is only used as a schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna substrate, and does not specifically limit the length, width, or thickness of each dielectric plate and the metal isolation layer, and the ratio between them.
- At least one metal isolation layer 2034 is used as a “ground” to achieve isolation between the antenna side surface 2031 and the feeder side surface 2032 on both sides of the antenna substrate 203.
- the dummy antenna D_A and the antenna sub-array 201 located between the dummy antenna D_A have the same shape. Therefore, the effect of the dummy antenna D_A on the coupling energy of the antenna sub-array 201 can be equivalent to the effect of the coupling energy of the antenna sub-array 201 on the antenna sub-array 201, which further improves the pattern consistency of the antenna sub-array 201.
- both the dummy antenna D_A and the antenna sub-array 201 include a series-fed line array, but the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
- both the dummy antenna D_A and the antenna sub-array 201 include a central patch 204 and a first series feeder array 505 and a second series feeder array 506.
- the central patch 204 is provided on the antenna side 2031;
- the first series feeder array 505 is provided on the antenna side 2031 and connected to one end of the central patch 204;
- the second serial feeder array 506 is provided on the antenna side 2031, Connected to the other end of the center patch 204.
- the first series-feeding line array 505 and the second series-feeding line array 506 each include a plurality of microstrip patches 502 connected in series.
- the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201 is fed by the transmission power signal from the side 2032 of the feeder, and is conducted to both sides on the antenna body conforming to the tapered distribution to achieve low side lobe level in the elevation dimension of the pattern.
- the dummy antenna D_A and the first series feeder array 505 and the second series feeder array 506 of each of the antenna sub-arrays 201 are symmetrically arranged on the antenna side surface 2031 with respect to the respective central patch 204. Therefore, the position of the center patch 204 is the position of the equivalent antenna phase center of the antenna sub-array 201.
- the arrangement direction of the dummy antenna D_A and the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201 is perpendicular to the direction of the first series feeder array 505.
- the dummy antenna D_A and the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201 are arranged along a straight line, which facilitates the arrangement of the antenna array 200 on the antenna side 2031, and reduces the central patch 204 and other dummy antennas D_A and antenna sub-arrays.
- the electromagnetic coupling between the first series feeder array 505 and the second series feeder array 506 of the array 201 improves the consistency of the pattern of the antenna sub-array 201.
- the dummy antenna D_A and the antenna sub-array 201 located between the dummy antenna D_A are equally spaced, and the arrangement direction of the dummy antenna D_A and the antenna sub-array 201 located between the dummy antenna D_A is the same as the first One direction is perpendicular, and the first direction is parallel to the antenna sub-array 201.
- the array environment of the different antenna sub-arrays 201 is more consistent, and the antenna pattern of each receiving antenna RX is more consistent.
- a feed patch 600 disposed opposite to the center patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201 is provided on the side 2032 of the feed line, and the feed patch 600 and the antenna sub-array 201
- the center patch 204 is electromagnetically coupled.
- the feed patch 600 of the transmitting antenna TX receives the output power signal from the transmitter through the transmission feeder 605, and the feed patch 600 of the receiving antenna RX converts the electromagnetic wave signal of a specific frequency in the space into the success rate signal through the transmission feeder 605 Receiver transmission.
- the feed patch 600 is electromagnetically coupled with the center patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201, so that the feed patch 600 of the transmitting antenna TX transmits the received output power signal to the transmitting antenna TX to transmit electromagnetic wave signals outward. And realize that the receiving antenna RX transmits the received electromagnetic wave signal to the feeding patch 600 of the receiving antenna RX so that the feeding patch 600 converts the electromagnetic wave signal into a success rate signal and transmits it to the receiver through the transmission feeder 605.
- the feed patch 600 and the center patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201 are electrically connected through a metal post that penetrates the antenna substrate 203, and the processing process is relatively simple.
- the millimeter wave antenna further includes: an antenna waveguide patch 501 and a feeding waveguide patch 601.
- the feeder waveguide patch 601 is provided on the side surface 2032 of the feeder line, and is provided on the outer periphery of the feeder patch 600.
- a first gap 11 is provided between the feed patch 600 corresponding to the antenna sub-array 201 and the feed waveguide patch 601 corresponding to the antenna sub-array 201 to isolate the feed patch 600 from The current conducts between the feeder waveguide patches 601.
- the antenna waveguide patch 501 is provided on the antenna side surface 2031 and is provided on the outer periphery of the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201.
- a second gap 12 is provided between the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201 and the antenna waveguide patch 501 of the antenna sub-array 201 to isolate the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201 from the antenna waveguide patch 501.
- the feed patch 600 and the center patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201 implement guided wave transmission through a waveguide structure.
- the feeder waveguide patch 601 is connected to the antenna on the outer periphery of the center patch 204 disposed opposite to the feeder patch 600 through a plurality of first metallized through holes 606
- the waveguide patch 501 and the first metallized through hole 606 pass through the antenna substrate 203.
- the multiple first metallized through holes 606, the antenna waveguide patch 501 and the feeding waveguide patch 601 on both sides constitute a relatively closed cavity, so the central patch 204 and the feeding patch 600
- the electromagnetic waves transmitted between can be confined in the cavity, the transmission efficiency is high, and the interference to the outside is small.
- the waveguide structure is formed by the antenna waveguide patch 501, the feed waveguide patch 601 and the first metallized through hole 606 to conduct guided wave transmission of the power signal. This process can be output from the transmitter port and transmitted to the antenna sub-array 201 through the waveguide structure , Or the signal excited by the antenna sub-array 201 is transmitted to the receiver port through the waveguide structure.
- a plurality of first metallized through holes 606 are arranged around the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201, so that the electromagnetic wave transmission efficiency between the central patch 204 and the feed patch 600 is higher, and the interference to the outside is smaller. .
- the metal isolation layer 2034 disposed adjacent to the antenna side surface 2031 is provided with a first opening slot 21 at a position corresponding to the center patch 204; as shown in FIGS. 5 and 7,
- the metal isolation layer 2034 provided adjacent to the side surface 2032 of the feeder line corresponds to the position of the feed patch 600 with a second opening gap 22; as shown in FIG. 5, the remaining metal isolation layer 2034 corresponds to the first opening gap 21 and the second opening.
- the position of the gap 22 is provided with an opening 23.
- the first opening gap 21, the second opening gap 22, and the opening 23 can facilitate the transmission of electromagnetic waves between the center patch 204 and the feeding patch 600.
- a coupling is generated between the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201 and the first opening gap 21 on the surface of the rectangular waveguide port to realize effective transmission of power signals.
- the area of the window 23 is larger than the areas of the first opening gap 21 and the second opening gap 22 to reduce electromagnetic wave leakage between the center patch 204 and the feed patch 600 and reduce transmission loss.
- the dielectric plate 2033 of the antenna substrate 203 may be a low-loss dielectric plate, or a high-loss dielectric plate, or partly a low-loss dielectric plate, and other parts may be a high-loss dielectric plate.
- the parts of the high-loss dielectric plate corresponding to the first opening gap 21, the second opening gap 22, and the window 23 can be hollowed out to facilitate the transmission of electromagnetic waves between the center patch 204 and the feed patch 600.
- the dielectric plate 2033 adjacent to the antenna side surface 2031 of the antenna substrate 203 and the dielectric plate 2033 adjacent to the feeder side surface 2032 adopt low-loss dielectric plates, and the parts corresponding to the first opening slit 21 and the second opening slit 22 may not be hollowed out, which is convenient
- the patch is arranged thereon, and the loss of electromagnetic waves transmitted between the center patch 204 and the feeding patch 600 is small.
- the feeding waveguide patch 601 includes:
- the first gap 6011 is located in the middle of the feeding waveguide patch 601;
- the first opening 6012 communicates with the first gap 6011 and is located outside the feeding waveguide patch 601.
- the feed patch 600 includes:
- the open branch 603 is located in the first gap 6011;
- the first impedance transformation section 604 is located in the first opening 6012, one end is connected to the open branch section 603, and the other end is used to connect the feeder 605.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the feeding structure in an embodiment of the millimeter wave antenna.
- the feeding structure is a conversion part on the output and input signal paths of the millimeter wave antenna.
- the feeder line 605 may be a microstrip feeder line 605, which exhibits a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms, and its extension part may be connected to the transmitting port and the receiving port of the chip.
- the feeder line 605 is connected to the coplanar waveguide open-circuit branch 603 through the series-type first impedance transformation section 604. Due to the terminal condition of the open stub 603, it can generate a coupling effect with the second opening gap 22 on the surface of the waveguide structure formed by the first impedance transformation section 604 and the first metallized through hole 606, so that the power signal can be effectively transmitted. 22 is located directly below the open branch 603 of the coplanar waveguide.
- the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A is used to transmit the electromagnetic wave signal induced by the dummy antenna D_A to the feeder side 2032 of the antenna substrate 203, and this part of the electromagnetic wave energy is consumed by the load structure of the feeder side 2032, For example, it is radiated or lost at the side 2032 of the feeder.
- a load component 700 is further provided on the side 2032 of the feeder.
- the load component 700 is arranged opposite to the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A and is opposite to the center of the dummy antenna D_A.
- the patch 204 is electromagnetically coupled.
- the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A receives an electromagnetic wave signal of a specific frequency in space, and transmits the electromagnetic wave signal energy to the load assembly 700 through electromagnetic coupling with the load assembly 700, which is consumed by the load assembly 700
- the electromagnetic wave energy is radiated or lost at the side 2032 of the feeder, for example.
- the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A and the load assembly 700 are electrically connected through a metal post penetrated through the antenna substrate 203, and the processing process is relatively simple.
- the dummy antenna D_A further includes a dummy waveguide patch 710, which is disposed on the antenna side 2031 and is disposed on the outer periphery of the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A.
- the structure of the dummy waveguide patch 710 may be the same as that of the antenna waveguide patch 501.
- a third gap 13 is provided between the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A and the dummy waveguide patch 710 of the dummy antenna D_A to isolate the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A from the dummy waveguide patch 710. Current conduction between 710.
- the load assembly 700 and the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A implement guided wave transmission through a waveguide structure.
- the load component 700 includes:
- the first patch 701 is arranged on the side surface 2032 of the feeder and is opposite to the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A;
- the second patch 702 is disposed on the side surface 2032 of the feeder and is disposed on the outer periphery of the first patch 701.
- a fourth gap 14 is provided between the first patch 701 of the load assembly 700 and the second patch 702 of the load assembly 700. Specifically, the first patch 701 and the second patch 702 are partially connected.
- the second patch 702 is connected to the dummy waveguide patch 710 on the outer periphery of the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A through a plurality of second metalized through holes 703,
- the second metallized through hole 703 penetrates through the antenna substrate 203.
- the plurality of second metallized through holes 703, the first patch 701 on both sides, and the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A form a relatively closed cavity, so the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A and the first patch
- the electromagnetic waves transmitted between the plates 701 can be confined in the cavity, the transmission efficiency is high, and the interference to the outside is small.
- the center patch 204, the first patch 701, and the second metalized through hole 703 of the dummy antenna D_A form a waveguide structure for guided wave transmission of power signals.
- This process can be that the electromagnetic wave energy received by the dummy antenna D_A is collected to the dummy antenna D_A.
- the central patch 204 of the element antenna D_A is then transmitted to the first patch 701 of the load assembly 700 through the waveguide structure, so as to excite the multi-resonance mode of the broadband slot antenna formed by the first patch 701 and the fourth slot 14 to radiate energy Consumption.
- a plurality of second metalized through holes 703 are arranged around the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A, so that the efficiency of electromagnetic wave transmission between the center patch 204 and the first patch 701 of the dummy antenna D_A is higher.
- the external interference is smaller.
- the load component 700 of this embodiment is a radial load structure.
- the realization mechanism is that the electromagnetic signal in the form of the internal field received by the dummy antenna D_A is transmitted to the space through the radiating load, and at the same time, the free space is matched with the dummy antenna D_A.
- the radial load structure may include, for example, a rectangular load structure copper foil, a "C"-shaped fourth slot 14 located inside the load structure copper foil, and a first patch 701 formed by the fourth slot 14 in the load structure copper foil. , And a second metallized through hole 703 processed on the periphery of the copper foil of the load structure.
- the second metallized through hole 703 forms a waveguide structure in a direction perpendicular to the antenna substrate 203, which can realize low-loss transmission of received energy between the dummy antenna D_A and the load assembly 700;
- the fourth "C"-shaped slot 14 It forms a wideband slot antenna with the first patch 701, which widens the bandwidth by exciting the multi-resonant mode of the slot antenna.
- the length and width of the fourth slot 14 structure can be changed to adjust the resonance frequency point adaptively.
- the first patch 701 can change the impedance
- the matching performance is not limited to a rectangle, but can be a circle, etc., or a parasitic gap is opened on the surface of the first patch 701 to achieve impedance matching.
- the load assembly 700 includes a load connection patch 810 and a load patch 820.
- the load connection patch 810 is arranged on the side 2032 of the feeder, and is arranged opposite to the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A, and is electromagnetically coupled to the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A; the load patch 820 is connected to the load Connect patch 810.
- the structure of the load connection patch 810 may be the same as the structure of the feed patch 600.
- a load waveguide patch 801 is further provided on the side surface 2032 of the feeder line.
- the load waveguide patch 801 is provided on the outer periphery of the load connection patch 810, and is connected to the dummy waveguide patch 710 on the outer periphery of the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A through a plurality of third metalized through holes 802, and the third metalized through The hole 802 penetrates through the antenna substrate 203.
- a plurality of third metallized through holes 802 are arranged around the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A.
- the metal isolation layer 2034 disposed adjacent to the antenna side surface 2031 is provided with a first opening slot 21 at a position corresponding to the center patch 204, and the metal isolation layer disposed adjacent to the feeder side surface 2032
- the position of 2034 corresponding to the load connection patch 810 is provided with a fourth opening gap 803, and the remaining metal isolation layer 2034 is provided with openings at positions corresponding to the first opening gap 21 and the fourth opening gap 803.
- the principle can refer to the aforementioned feed patch 600, the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201, the feed waveguide patch 601, the antenna waveguide patch 501 on the periphery of the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201, and the first metallization pass.
- the structure and working principle of the hole 606, etc.; the corresponding structure of the opening gap and the opening 23 of the metal isolation layer 2034 on the antenna substrate 203 can also be referred to the aforementioned first opening gap 21, second opening gap 22, and opening 23. I won't repeat them here.
- the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A, the load connection patch 810, and the third metalized through hole 802 form a waveguide structure to conduct guided wave transmission of the power signal. This process can be that the electromagnetic wave energy received by the dummy antenna D_A is collected to the dummy antenna.
- the center patch 204 of the element antenna D_A is then transmitted to the load connection patch 810 of the load assembly 700 through the waveguide structure, and then the load connection patch 810 conducts the electromagnetic wave energy to the load patch 820 for consumption.
- the load patch 820 is connected to the antenna substrate 203 through a plurality of metalized blind holes 805.
- the load component 700 of this embodiment is a lossy load structure.
- the realization mechanism is to conduct the power signal in the form of the internal field received by the dummy antenna D_A to the load patch 820.
- the load patch 820 conducts this part of the energy to the high-loss dielectric plate inside the antenna substrate 203 and dissipates it from The transmission port is seen as a matching characteristic.
- the lossy load structure specifically includes: the metal isolation layer 2034 adjacent to the side surface 2032 of the feeder is provided with a third opening slot 806 at a position corresponding to the load patch 820, and a plurality of metallizations
- the blind via 805 connects the load patch 820 and one of the metal isolation layers 2034, so that the load patch 820, the metalized blind via 805 and the metal isolation layer 2034 form a planar cavity structure.
- the microstrip transmission line 807 is a 50 ohm characteristic impedance microstrip transmission line 807, which receives the electromagnetic signal from the load connection patch 810 of the dummy antenna D_A; the second impedance conversion section 808 is used to achieve impedance conversion matching, and is located between the microstrip transmission line 807 and Between plane cavity structures.
- the mechanism of the lossy load structure is to conduct the received signal on the dummy antenna D_A to the load patch 820 in a matching form, and the load patch 820 guides the wave to the antenna substrate 203 through the third opening slot 806 and the metalized blind hole 805 Dissipated in the high-loss dielectric plate.
- the load condition of the dummy antenna D_A will affect the coupling environment of the receiving antenna RX.
- the coupling environment here refers to the surface current distribution on the surface of the antenna affected by the coupling, and the influencing factors of this situation include the antenna form and the antenna location.
- Load conditions of the connection When the leftmost receiving antenna RX in Figure 1 or Figure 4 is excited by space electromagnetic waves and works, it will couple the dummy antenna D_A with the closest spatial distance and the receiving antenna RX, both of which are the leftmost receiving antenna RX. Contribution to the coupled environment.
- the second receiving antenna RX on the left matches the internal output impedance of the receiver chip through a transmission feeder 605 with a certain characteristic impedance.
- the characteristic impedance is usually 50 ohms, or a fixed value in the operating frequency band. Therefore, in some embodiments, the antenna forms of the dummy antenna D_A and the receiving antenna RX are the same.
- the radiating load structure or the lossy load structure of the load component 700 it is possible to create a left-right similar coupling environment and matching conditions for the receiving antenna RX.
- the relative phase distribution diagram of the receiving antennas RX of each channel when there is no dummy antenna D_A is when the dummy antenna D_A is connected to the radiating load shown in Fig. 9
- the relative phase distribution diagram of the channel receiving antennas RX is the relative phase distribution diagram of each channel receiving antenna RX when the dummy antenna D_A is connected to the lossy load shown in Figure 10, it can be seen that there is The phase consistency of the dummy antenna D_A is improved in both the spatial coverage angle range and the large angle.
- the antenna array 200 is arranged on the antenna side surface 2031 of the antenna substrate 203 opposite to the feeder side surface 2032 to realize a back-fed millimeter wave antenna and reduce the influence of the transmission feeder 605 on the antenna. Prevent the feed part from interfering with the receiving antenna RX, and improve the consistency of the amplitude and phase of the receiving antenna RX pattern in the antenna array 200; also by setting dummy antennas D_A on both sides of the receiving antenna RX, the receiving antenna RX are all in a similar position. In order to reduce the edge effect caused by the actual design of the antenna, the antenna pattern of each receiving antenna RX is more consistent; thereby, the angle measurement accuracy of the millimeter wave antenna can be improved.
- an embodiment of the present application also provides a millimeter wave antenna, and reference may be made to FIG. 1 to FIG. 11 in combination with the foregoing embodiment.
- the millimeter wave antenna includes:
- the antenna substrate 203 has multiple stacked dielectric plates 2033 and at least one metal isolation layer 2034.
- the metal isolation layer 2034 is located between adjacent dielectric plates 2033.
- the multiple stacked dielectric plates 2033 have antenna side surfaces 2031 and opposite to the antenna side surfaces 2031 Set the side of the feeder 2032;
- the antenna sub-array 201 is set on the antenna side 2031 and includes a central patch 204, a first series feeder array 505 connected to one end of the central patch 204, and a second series feeder array 506 connected to the other end of the central patch 204;
- the feed patch 600 is arranged on the side 2032 of the feeder line, and is arranged opposite to the center patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201;
- the antenna waveguide patch 501 is arranged on the antenna side 2031 and on the outer periphery of the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201;
- the feed wave guide patch 601 is set on the side 2032 of the feed line and is provided on the outer periphery of the feed patch 600, and is connected to the center patch 204 opposite to the feed patch 600 through a plurality of first metalized through holes 606 At the outer periphery of the antenna waveguide patch 501, the first metallized through hole 606 penetrates the feeding waveguide patch 601, the antenna substrate 203 and the antenna waveguide patch 501.
- the antenna includes at least two antenna sub-arrays 201 for receiving electromagnetic waves.
- the antenna further includes:
- At least two dummy antennas D_A are arranged on the antenna side 2031, the dummy antenna D_A is parallel to the antenna sub-array 201, and the antenna sub-array 201 for receiving electromagnetic waves is located between the at least two dummy antennas D_A.
- the dummy antenna D_A has the same shape as the antenna sub-array 201 located between the dummy antenna D_A.
- the dummy antenna D_A and the first series feeder array 505 and the second series feeder array 506 of each of the antenna sub-arrays 201 are symmetrically arranged on the antenna side surface 2031 with respect to the respective central patch 204.
- the arrangement direction of the dummy antenna D_A and the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201 is perpendicular to the direction of the first series of feeder array 505.
- the dummy antenna D_A and the antenna sub-array 201 located between the dummy antenna D_A are equally spaced, and the arrangement direction of the dummy antenna D_A and the antenna sub-array 201 located between the dummy antenna D_A is the same as the first direction Vertical, the first direction is parallel to the antenna sub-array 201.
- the side 2032 of the feeder is also provided with:
- the load component 700 is arranged on the side surface 2032 of the feeder, and is arranged opposite to the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A, and is electromagnetically coupled to the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A.
- the dummy antenna D_A further includes:
- the dummy waveguide patch 710 is arranged on the antenna side 2031 and on the outer periphery of the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A.
- the load component 700 includes:
- the first patch 701 is arranged on the side surface 2032 of the feeder and is opposite to the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A;
- the second patch 702 is arranged on the side surface 2032 of the feeder and on the outer periphery of the first patch 701, and is connected to the dummy waveguide on the outer periphery of the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A through a plurality of second metalized through holes 703 Patch 710, the second metallized through hole 703 penetrates through the antenna substrate 203;
- the first patch 701 and the second patch 702 are partially connected.
- the load component 700 includes:
- the load connection patch 810 is arranged on the side 2032 of the feeder, and is arranged opposite to the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A, and is electromagnetically coupled to the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A;
- the load patch 820 is connected to the load connection patch 810.
- the side 2032 of the feeder is also provided with:
- the load waveguide patch 801 is arranged on the outer periphery of the load connection patch 810, and is connected to the dummy waveguide patch 710 on the outer periphery of the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A through a plurality of third metallized through holes 802, and the third metallization
- the through hole 802 penetrates through the antenna substrate 203.
- the load patch 820 is connected to the antenna substrate 203 through a plurality of metalized blind holes 805.
- the feeding waveguide patch 601 includes:
- the first gap 6011 is located in the middle of the feeding waveguide patch 601;
- the first opening 6012 communicates with the first gap 6011 and is located outside the feeding waveguide patch 601;
- the feed patch 600 includes:
- the open branch 603 is located in the first gap 6011;
- the first impedance transformation section 604 is located in the first opening 6012, one end is connected to the open branch section 603, and the other end is used to connect the feeder 605.
- a first gap 11 is provided between the feed patch 600 corresponding to the antenna sub-array 201 and the feed waveguide patch 601 corresponding to the antenna sub-array 201.
- a second slot 12 is provided between the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201 and the antenna waveguide patch 501 of the antenna sub-array 201; the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A and the dummy element of the dummy antenna D_A
- a third gap 13 is provided between the waveguide patches 710.
- a fourth gap 14 is provided between the first patch 701 of the load component 700 and the second patch 702 of the load component 700.
- a plurality of first metallized through holes 606 are arranged around the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201.
- a plurality of second metallized through holes 703 are arranged around the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A.
- a plurality of third metallized through holes 802 are arranged around the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A.
- the metal isolation layer 2034 provided adjacent to the antenna side surface 2031 is provided with a first opening slit 21 at a position corresponding to the center patch 204, and the metal isolation layer 2034 provided adjacent to the feeder side surface 2032 is provided with a position corresponding to the feed patch 600.
- the area of the opening 23 is larger than that of the first opening gap 21 and the second opening gap. 22 area.
- the metal isolation layer 2034 disposed adjacent to the side surface 2032 of the feeder is provided with a third opening gap 806 at a position corresponding to the load patch 820.
- the metal isolation layer 2034 provided adjacent to the antenna side surface 2031 is provided with a first opening slit 21 at a position corresponding to the center patch 204, and the metal isolation layer 2034 provided adjacent to the feeder side surface 2032 is provided with a position corresponding to the load connection patch 810.
- the millimeter wave antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application connects the antenna waveguide patch 501 on the antenna side 2031 and the feeder waveguide patch 601 on the feeder side 2032 through the metallized through hole drilled through the antenna substrate 203 to form an antenna sub-array
- the waveguide transmission path between the center patch 204 of the 201 and the feed patch 600 on the side 2032 of the feeder realizes a back-fed millimeter wave antenna based on waveguide transmission; it can avoid the space radiation effect of the transmission feeder 605.
- the difference in the amplitude and phase of the signal received by the channel, and the coupling between the receiving channels caused by the surface wave effect of the transmission feeder 605, causes the difference in signal amplitude and phase.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 and 5 to 7 an antenna feed structure of a millimeter wave antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application may be referred to FIGS. 1 to 3 and 5 to 7 in combination with the above embodiments.
- the antenna feed structure of the millimeter wave antenna includes:
- the antenna substrate 203 has an antenna side surface 2031 and a feeder side surface 2032 disposed opposite to the antenna side surface 2031;
- the antenna sub-array 201 is arranged on the antenna side 2031 and includes a central patch 204, a first series feeder array 505 connected to one end of the central patch 204, and a second series feeder array 506 connected to the other end of the central patch 204;
- the antenna waveguide patch 501 is arranged on the antenna side 2031 and on the outer periphery of the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201.
- the antenna waveguide patch 501 passes through a plurality of first metallized through holes 606 drilled through the antenna substrate 203 Connected to the side 2032 of the feeder.
- the antenna substrate 203 includes a plurality of stacked dielectric plates 2033 and at least one metal isolation layer 2034, and the metal isolation layer 2034 is located between adjacent dielectric plates 2033.
- a second slot 12 is provided between the antenna waveguide patch 501 and the center patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201.
- the structure also includes:
- the feed patch 600 is arranged on the antenna side 2031 and is arranged opposite to the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201 so as to be electromagnetically coupled with the antenna waveguide patch 501.
- a plurality of first metallized through holes 606 are arranged around the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201.
- the metal isolation layer 2034 provided adjacent to the antenna side surface 2031 is provided with a first opening slit 21 at a position corresponding to the center patch 204, and the metal isolation layer 2034 provided adjacent to the feeder side surface 2032 is provided at a location corresponding to the first opening slit 21.
- the area of the opening 23 is larger than that of the first opening gap 21 and the second opening gap. 22 area.
- the antenna feed structure of the millimeter wave antenna connects the antenna waveguide patch 501 on the antenna side 2031 and the feeder side 2032 through a metalized through hole drilled through the antenna substrate 203 to form the center of the antenna sub-array 201
- the waveguide transmission path between the patch 204 and the side 2032 of the feeder realizes a back-fed millimeter wave antenna based on waveguide transmission; it can avoid the amplitude and phase difference of the multi-channel received signal caused by the spatial radiation effect of the transmission feeder 605, and
- the coupling between the receiving channels caused by the surface wave effect of the transmission feeder 605 causes signal amplitude and phase differences.
- an embodiment of the present application also provides a feeding structure of a feeder 605 of a millimeter wave antenna, and reference may be made to FIGS. 1 to 3 and 5 to 7 in combination with the above embodiments.
- the feeding structure of the feeder 605 includes:
- the antenna substrate 203 has an antenna side surface 2031 and a feeder side surface 2032 disposed opposite to the antenna side surface 2031;
- the antenna sub-array 201 is set on the side 2031 of the antenna;
- the feed patch 600 is arranged on the side 2031 of the antenna, and is arranged opposite to the antenna sub-array 201;
- the feed waveguide patch 601 is arranged on the side 2032 of the feed line and on the outer periphery of the feed patch 600, and is connected to the antenna side 2031 through a plurality of first metallized through holes 606 drilled through the antenna substrate 203 to connect with The antenna sub-array 201 on the antenna side 2031 is electromagnetically coupled.
- the feeding waveguide patch 601 includes:
- the first gap 6011 is located in the middle of the feeding waveguide patch 601;
- the first opening 6012 communicates with the first gap 6011 and is located outside the feeding waveguide patch 601;
- the feed patch 600 includes:
- the open branch 603 is located in the first gap 6011;
- the first impedance transformation section 604 is located in the first opening 6012, one end is connected to the open branch section 603, and the other end is used to connect the feeder 605.
- the antenna substrate 203 includes a plurality of stacked dielectric plates 2033 and at least one metal isolation layer 2034, and the metal isolation layer 2034 is located between adjacent dielectric plates 2033.
- a first gap 11 is provided between the feeding patch 600 and the corresponding feeding waveguide patch 601.
- a plurality of first metallized through holes 606 are arranged around the feed patch 600.
- the metal isolation layer 2034 provided adjacent to the side surface 2032 of the feeder is provided with a second opening slit 22 at a position corresponding to the feed patch 600, and the metal isolation layer 2034 provided adjacent to the antenna side surface 2031 corresponds to the position of the second opening slit 22
- a first opening gap 21 is provided, and the remaining metal isolation layer 2034 is provided with an opening 23 at the position corresponding to the first opening gap 21 and the second opening gap 22.
- the area of the opening 23 is larger than that of the first opening gap 21 and the second opening. The area of the gap 22.
- the feeding structure of the feeder 605 of the millimeter wave antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application is connected to the feeder waveguide patch 601 on the side 2032 of the feeder and the antenna sub-array 201 on the side 2031 of the antenna through the metallized through hole drilled through the antenna substrate 203 , Forming the waveguide transmission path between the antenna sub-array 201 and the feed patch 600 on the side 2032 of the feeder, realizing the back-fed millimeter wave antenna based on waveguide transmission; avoiding the multi-channel caused by the spatial radiation effect of the transmission feeder 605
- the amplitude and phase difference of the received signal, and the coupling between the receiving channels caused by the surface wave effect of the transmission feeder 605, further cause the signal amplitude and phase difference.
- an embodiment of the present application also provides a dummy antenna D_A structure of a millimeter wave antenna. Refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 and FIG. 8 to FIG. 11 in combination with the foregoing embodiment.
- the dummy antenna D_A structure of the millimeter wave antenna includes:
- the antenna substrate 203 has an antenna side surface 2031 and a feeder side surface 2032 disposed opposite to the antenna side surface 2031;
- the dummy antenna D_A is set on the side 2031 of the antenna and includes the center patch 204;
- the load component 700 is arranged on the side 2032 of the feeder line, and is arranged opposite to the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A;
- the dummy waveguide patch 710 is arranged on the side 2031 of the antenna and on the outer periphery of the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A.
- the dummy waveguide patch 710 passes through a plurality of second metallization passes through the antenna substrate 203
- the hole 703 is connected to the side surface 2032 of the feeder line for electromagnetic coupling with the load assembly 700.
- the load component 700 includes:
- the first patch 701 is arranged on the side surface 2032 of the feeder and is opposite to the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A;
- the second patch 702 is arranged on the side surface 2032 of the feeder and is arranged on the outer periphery of the first patch 701;
- the second metallized through hole 703 connects the dummy waveguide patch 710 and the second patch 702;
- the first patch 701 and the second patch 702 are partially connected.
- the load component 700 includes:
- the load connection patch 810 is arranged on the side 2032 of the feeder, and is arranged opposite to the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A, and is electromagnetically coupled to the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A;
- the load patch 820 is connected to the load connection patch 810.
- the side 2032 of the feeder is also provided with:
- the load waveguide patch 801 is arranged on the outer periphery of the load connection patch 810, and is connected to the dummy waveguide patch 710 on the outer periphery of the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A through a plurality of third metallized through holes 802, and the third metallization
- the through hole 802 penetrates through the antenna substrate 203.
- the load patch 820 is connected to the antenna substrate 203 through a plurality of metalized blind holes 805.
- a third slot 13 is provided between the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A and the dummy waveguide patch 710 of the dummy antenna D_A.
- a fourth gap 14 is provided between the first patch 701 of the load component 700 and the second patch 702 of the load component 700.
- a plurality of second metallized through holes 703 are arranged around the central patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A.
- a plurality of third metallized through holes 802 are arranged around the center patch 204 of the dummy antenna D_A.
- the dummy antenna D_A structure of the millimeter wave antenna connects the load assembly 700 on the side 2032 of the feeder line and the center patch of the dummy antenna D_A on the side 2031 of the antenna through the metallized through hole drilled through the antenna substrate 203 204.
- a waveguide transmission path between the dummy antenna D_A and the load component 700 on the side 2032 of the feeder is formed, and a back-fed dummy antenna D_A structure based on waveguide transmission is realized; the electromagnetic wave energy received by the dummy antenna D_A is transmitted to the antenna
- the backside is consumed, for example, radiated or lost on the feeder side 2032, which improves the amplitude and phase consistency of the receiving antenna RX pattern in the antenna array 200 on the antenna side 2031.
- the millimeter wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application may be applied to an antenna assembly. Therefore, an embodiment of the present application also provides an antenna assembly. As shown in FIG. 4, the antenna assembly includes a transceiver 103 and a millimeter wave antenna electrically connected to the transceiver 103.
- the millimeter wave antenna includes: an antenna substrate 203 having an antenna side surface 2031 and a feeder side surface 2032 disposed opposite to the antenna side surface 2031;
- the antenna array 200 is set on the antenna side surface 2031 and includes at least two antenna sub-arrays 201 arranged in parallel.
- the antenna sub-arrays 201 are used to transmit the energy obtained from the feeder side surface 2032 or the energy of electromagnetic waves to be received To the side of the feeder 2032;
- the antenna further includes at least two dummy antennas D_A arranged on the antenna side 2031, the dummy antennas D_A are parallel to the at least two antenna sub-arrays 201, and at least two are used for receiving electromagnetic waves
- the antenna sub-array 201 of is located between the at least two dummy antennas D_A.
- the millimeter wave antenna includes:
- the antenna substrate 203 has a plurality of stacked dielectric plates 2033 and at least one metal isolation layer 2034.
- the metal isolation layer 2034 is located between adjacent dielectric plates 2033.
- the multiple stacked dielectric plates 2033 have antenna side surfaces 2031 and The antenna side surface 2031 is opposite to the feeder side surface 2032;
- the antenna sub-array 201 is set on the antenna side 2031, and includes a central patch 204, a first series feeder array 505 connected to one end of the central patch 204, and a second serial feed array 505 connected to the other end of the central patch 204 Serial-fed line array 506;
- the feed patch 600 is arranged on the side surface 2032 of the feeder line, and is arranged opposite to the center patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201;
- the antenna waveguide patch 501 is provided on the antenna side surface 2031 and is provided on the outer periphery of the central patch 204 of the antenna sub-array 201;
- the feeder waveguide patch 601 is arranged on the side surface 2032 of the feeder line, and is provided on the outer periphery of the feeder patch 600, and is connected to the opposite side of the feeder patch 600 through a plurality of first metallized through holes 606
- the antenna waveguide patch 501 on the outer periphery of the central patch 204 is provided, and the first metalized through hole 606 penetrates the feeding waveguide patch 601, the antenna substrate 203 and the antenna waveguide patch 501.
- the antenna assembly provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to a millimeter wave radar system. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application also provides a millimeter wave radar system. As shown in FIG. 15, the millimeter wave radar system 1000 includes a signal processing device 1100 and the aforementioned antenna assembly 1200.
- the signal processing device 1100 is used to obtain the radar signal output by the transceiver of the antenna assembly 1200, and process the radar signal to obtain the position information of the target relative to the millimeter wave radar system 1000.
- the millimeter wave radar system 1000 may be applied to a movable platform, and the movable platform may include, for example, a car or machine that can perform automatic driving or assist driving according to the orientation information of the target determined by the millimeter wave radar system 1000. Cars, drones, etc.
- the antenna assembly, millimeter wave radar system, and movable platform can more accurately determine the azimuth information of the target, and the control is more accurate and safer.
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Abstract
一种毫米波天线、天线组件、毫米波雷达***和可移动平台,天线包括:具有天线侧面(2031)和与天线侧面(2031)相对设置的馈线侧面(2032)的天线基板(203);设于天线侧面(2031)上的天线子阵(201),用于发射从馈线侧面(2032)获取的能量或者将接收的电磁波的能量传递到馈线侧面(2032);设于天线侧面(2031)上的哑元天线(D_A),且至少两个天线子阵(201)位于哑元天线(D_A)之间。
Description
本申请涉及天线技术领域,尤其涉及一种毫米波天线、天线组件、毫米波雷达***和可移动平台。
毫米波雷达,是工作在毫米波波段(millimeter wave)探测的雷达。毫米波的波长介于厘米波和光波之间,穿透雾、烟、灰尘的能力强,具有全天候、全天时的特点。
毫米波雷达可以通过在空间中对多天线进行一维或二维上的分布,为测角算法提供多通道的幅度、相位信号数据,从而实现测角功能;进而提供待测目标的位置信息,包括速度、距离、角度,如水平面或俯仰面的角度。但是由于加工制造成本和既有收发机芯片通道数目,限制了实际毫米波雷达的天线数目。在有限数目的天线阵列环境中,每个子阵所处的阵列环境不同,耦合情形不同,产生边缘效应,即分别处于阵列边缘和阵列中心的天线方向图存在差异,进而恶化各通道间的幅度相位一致性。各通道之间的幅度、相位一致性影响着测角精度,因此,适用于毫米波雷达***的天线设计必须考虑天线的幅相一致性。
发明内容
基于此,本申请提供了一种毫米波天线、天线组件、毫米波雷达***和可移动平台,旨在增强毫米波雷达天线的幅相一致性,以提高毫米波雷达的测角精度。
根据本申请的第一方面,本申请提供了一种毫米波天线,包括:
天线基板,具有天线侧面和与所述天线侧面相对设置的馈线侧面;
天线阵列,设于所述天线侧面上,包括至少两个平行排列的天线子阵,所述天线子阵用于发射从所述馈线侧面获取的能量或者将接收的电磁波的能量传 递到所述馈线侧面;
其中,所述天线还包括设于所述天线侧面上的至少两个哑元天线,所述哑元天线与至少两个所述天线子阵平行,且至少两个用于接收电磁波的天线子阵位于所述至少两个哑元天线之间。
根据本申请的第二方面,本申请提供了一种毫米波天线,所述天线包括:
天线基板,具有多个层叠的介质板和至少一个金属隔离层,所述金属隔离层位于相邻介质板之间,所述多个层叠的介质板具有天线侧面和与所述天线侧面相对设置的馈线侧面;
天线子阵,设于所述天线侧面上,包括中心贴片、连接于所述中心贴片一端的第一串馈线阵和连接于所述中心贴片另一端的第二串馈线阵;
馈电贴片,设于所述馈线侧面上,与所述天线子阵的中心贴片相对设置;
天线波导贴片,设于所述天线侧面上,且设于所述天线子阵的中心贴片的外周;
馈电波导贴片,设于所述馈线侧面上,且设于所述馈电贴片的外周,通过多个第一金属化通孔连接于与所述馈电贴片相对设置的中心贴片外周的天线波导贴片,所述第一金属化通孔穿设于所述馈电波导贴片、所述天线基板和所述天线波导贴片。
根据本申请的第三方面,本申请提供了一种毫米波天线的天线馈电结构,所述结构包括:
天线基板,具有天线侧面和与所述天线侧面相对设置的馈线侧面;
天线子阵,设于所述天线侧面上,包括中心贴片、连接于所述中心贴片一端的第一串馈线阵和连接于所述中心贴片另一端的第二串馈线阵;
天线波导贴片,设于所述天线侧面上,且设于所述天线子阵的中心贴片的外周,所述天线波导贴片通过多个穿设于所述天线基板的第一金属化通孔连接于所述馈线侧面。
根据本申请的第四方面,本申请提供了一种毫米波天线的馈线馈电结构,所述结构包括:
天线基板,具有天线侧面和与所述天线侧面相对设置的馈线侧面;
天线子阵,设于所述天线侧面上;
馈电贴片,设于所述天线侧面上,与所述天线子阵相对设置;
馈电波导贴片,设于所述馈线侧面上,且设于所述馈电贴片的外周,通过多个穿设于所述天线基板的第一金属化通孔连接于所述天线侧面,以与所述天线侧面上的天线子阵电磁耦合。
根据本申请的第五方面,本申请提供了一种毫米波天线的哑元天线结构,所述结构包括:
天线基板,具有天线侧面和与所述天线侧面相对设置的馈线侧面;
哑元天线,设于所述天线侧面上,包括中心贴片;
负载组件,设于所述馈线侧面上,与所述哑元天线的中心贴片相对设置;
哑元波导贴片,设于所述天线侧面上,且设于所述哑元天线的中心贴片的外周,所述哑元波导贴片通过多个穿设于所述天线基板的第二金属化通孔连接于所述馈线侧面,以与所述负载组件电磁耦合。
根据本申请的第六方面,本申请提供了一种天线组件包括收发机和与所述收发机电性连接的毫米波天线,所述毫米波天线包括:
天线基板,具有天线侧面和与所述天线侧面相对设置的馈线侧面;
天线阵列,设于所述天线侧面上,包括至少两个平行排列的天线子阵,所述天线子阵用于发射从所述馈线侧面获取的能量或者将接收的电磁波的能量传递到所述馈线侧面;
其中,所述天线还包括设于所述天线侧面上的至少两个哑元天线,所述哑元天线与至少两个所述天线子阵平行,且至少两个用于接收电磁波的天线子阵位于所述至少两个哑元天线之间。
根据本申请的第七方面,本申请提供了一种天线组件包括收发机和与所述收发机电性连接的毫米波天线,所述毫米波天线包括:
天线基板,具有多个层叠的介质板和至少一个金属隔离层,所述金属隔离层位于相邻介质板之间,所述多个层叠的介质板具有天线侧面和与所述天线侧面相对设置的馈线侧面;
天线子阵,设于所述天线侧面上,包括中心贴片、连接于所述中心贴片一端的第一串馈线阵和连接于所述中心贴片另一端的第二串馈线阵;
馈电贴片,设于所述馈线侧面上,与所述天线子阵的中心贴片相对设置;
天线波导贴片,设于所述天线侧面上,且设于所述天线子阵的中心贴片的外周;
馈电波导贴片,设于所述馈线侧面上,且设于所述馈电贴片的外周,通过多个第一金属化通孔连接于与所述馈电贴片相对设置的中心贴片外周的天线波导贴片,所述第一金属化通孔穿设于所述馈电波导贴片、所述天线基板和所述天线波导贴片。
根据本申请的第八方面,本申请提供了一种毫米波雷达***,包括信号处理装置以及前述的天线组件;
所述信号处理装置用于获取所述天线组件的收发机输出的雷达信号,对所述雷达信号进行处理得到目标物相对于所述毫米波雷达***的方位信息。
根据本申请的第九方面,本申请提供了一种可移动平台包括信号处理装置以及前述的天线组件;
所述信号处理装置用于获取所述天线组件的收发机输出的雷达信号,对所述雷达信号进行处理得到目标物相对于所述毫米波雷达***的方位信息。
本申请实施例提供了一种毫米波天线、天线组件、毫米波雷达***和可移动平台,通过在天线基板的与馈线侧面相对设置的天线侧面上布置天线阵列,实现背部馈电方式的毫米波天线,减少传输馈线对天线影响,防止馈电部分对接收天线的干扰,提高了天线阵列中接收天线方向图的幅相一致性;还通过在接收天线的两侧设置哑元天线,使得接收天线都处于相似的阵列环境,从而减少由于天线实际设计产生的边缘效应,各接收天线的天线方向图的一致性较高;从而可以提高毫米波天线的测角精度。
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施例提供的毫米波天线的天线侧面的结构示意图;
图2是图1中毫米波天线的馈线侧面一实施方式的结构示意图;
图3是图1中毫米波天线的馈线侧面另一实施方式的结构示意图;
图4是图1中的接收天线与哑元天线能量耦合的示意图;
图5是天线基板和第一金属化通孔的结构示意图;
图6是图1中天线子阵的一实施方式的结构示意图;
图7是图2/图3中馈线侧面的馈电贴片、馈电波导贴片的结构示意图;
图8是图1中哑元天线的一实施方式的结构示意图;
图9是图2中负载组件的结构示意图;
图10是图3中负载组件的结构示意图;
图11是天线基板和金属化盲孔的结构示意图;
图12是无哑元天线时各通道接收天线间相对相位的分布图;
图13是哑元天线连接辐射型负载时各通道接收天线间相对相位的分布图;
图14是哑元天线连接损耗性型负载时各通道接收天线间相对相位的分布图;
图15是本申请实施例提供的毫米波雷达***的结构示意图。
附图标记说明:
203、天线基板;2031、天线侧面;2032、馈线侧面;2033、介质板;2034、金属隔离层;
200、天线阵列;201、天线子阵;TX、发射天线;RX、接收天线;D_A、哑元天线;204、中心贴片;505、第一串馈线阵;506、第二串馈线阵;502、微带贴片;501、天线波导贴片;
103、收发机;106、第一耦合信号;107、第二耦合信号;104、出射波;105、反射波;
600、馈电贴片;601、馈电波导贴片;6011、第一空隙部;6012、第一开口部;603、开路枝节;604、第一阻抗变换节;605、馈线;
11、第一缝隙;12、第二缝隙;13、第三缝隙;14、第四缝隙;21、第一开口缝隙;22、第二开口缝隙;23、开窗;606、第一金属化通孔;
700、负载组件;710、哑元波导贴片;701、第一贴片;702、第二贴片;703、第二金属化通孔;
810、负载连接贴片;801、负载波导贴片;802、第三金属化通孔;803、第四开口缝隙;820、负载贴片;805、金属化盲孔;806、第三开口缝隙;807、微带传输线;808、第二阻抗变换节;
1000、毫米波雷达***;1100、信号处理装置;1200、天线组件。
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
还应当理解,在此本申请说明书中所使用的术语仅仅是出于描述特定实施例的目的而并不意在限制本申请。如在本申请说明书和所附权利要求书中所使用的那样,除非上下文清楚地指明其它情况,否则单数形式的“一”、“一个”及“该”意在包括复数形式。
还应当进一步理解,在本申请说明书和所附权利要求书中使用的术语“和/或”是指相关联列出的项中的一个或多个的任何组合以及所有可能组合,并且包括这些组合。
本申请的发明人发现,天线馈线对多通道接收信号幅相一致性的影响较大。毫米波雷达***中的天线馈电技术通常多采用侧边馈方式,即由雷达收发机芯片引出的传输微波信号的传输线与天线主体在印刷电路板的同一层,并且连接处于天线的边侧。这种技术带来的问题主要有:传输馈线的空间辐射效应会带来多通道接收信号的幅度、相位差异;以及传输馈线的表面波效应会引起各接收通道间的耦合,进而造成信号幅度、相位差异。
本申请的发明人还发现,天线布局对多通道接收信号幅相一致性的影响也很大。毫米波雷达***中的天线***属于有限大小、有限子阵数目的阵列天线模型。相比无限子阵数目的阵列天线模型,有限数目模型由于每个子阵所处的阵列环境不同,耦合情形不同,产生“边缘效应”,即分别处于阵列边缘和阵列中心的天线方向图存在差异,进而恶化各通道间的幅度相位一致性。
针对该发现,本申请的发明人对毫米波雷达的天线进行了改进,以实现增强毫米波雷达天线的幅相一致性,以提高毫米波雷达的测角精度。
下面结合附图,对本申请的一些实施方式作详细说明。在不冲突的情况下,下述的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
本申请一实施例提供一种毫米波天线,请参阅图1、图2和图3,其中,图1是毫米波天线的天线侧面2031的结构示意图,图2是毫米波天线的馈线侧面 2032一实施方式的结构示意图,图3是毫米波天线的馈线侧面2032另一实施方式的结构示意图。
如图1至图3所示,天线包括天线基板203和天线阵列200。
其中,天线基板203具有天线侧面2031和与天线侧面2031相对设置的馈线侧面2032;天线阵列200设于天线侧面2031上,天线阵列200包括至少两个平行排列的天线子阵201。
具体的,天线子阵201用于发射从馈线侧面2032获取的能量或者将接收的电磁波的能量传递到馈线侧面2032。
如图1所示,天线侧面2031上可以设有用于发射从馈线侧面2032获取的能量的发射天线TX,还可以设有用于将接收的电磁波的能量传递到馈线侧面2032的接收天线RX。
示例性的,发射天线TX接收来自于发射机芯片的功率信号,并转化为空间电磁波信号,完成雷达探测所需的发射信号。如图1毫米波天线包括单通道的发射天线TX,本申请实施例并不受限于此。
示例性的,接收天线RX为与接收机芯片直接通过传输馈线605连接的有效接收天线RX。如图1,毫米波天线包括四通道的有效接收天线RX,但本申请实施例并不受限于此。
具体的,如图1所示,天线还包括设于天线侧面2031上的至少两个哑元天线D_A,哑元天线D_A与至少两个天线子阵201平行,且至少两个用于接收电磁波的天线子阵201位于至少两个哑元天线D_A之间。
示例性的,哑元天线D_A可以用于减小接收通道幅度、相位差异。例如,哑元天线D_A不直接提供接收信号。
如图1所示,四条接收天线RX的左侧和右侧分别设有一个哑元天线D_A。在其他实施方式中,接收天线RX的左侧和/或右侧也可以设置多个哑元天线D_A。
如图4所示为毫米波天线的简化结构示意图。
为便于描述,本申请实施例以一维均匀线阵(Uniform Linear Array,ULA)的毫米波天线为例进行说明,但不应作为对天线其他形式的排除,例如不排除毫米波天线为二维面阵的情形。
如图4所示,四个通道的接收天线RX与收发机103的接收通道直接进行线 路连接,两个哑元天线D_A各自放置在四个接收天线RX的两侧。
该阵列布局下,天线阵列200的能量耦合情况可以描述为如下:以最左侧的第一个接收天线RX为例:当该接收天线RX处于接收模式时,会受到左侧的哑元天线D_A的第一耦合信号106和右侧临近的接收天线RX的第二耦合信号107共同的影响,这些影响与最左侧的第一个接收天线RX实际从空口接收到的功率信号组成线路上出射波104和反射波105的分布,其中出射波104由该接收天线RX传输至收发机103的接收端口,反射波105由收发机103的接收端口传输至该接收天线RX。
阵列环境中的接收天线RX的方向图可以表示为能量累加效应,能量幅度受到其他通道天线形式和它们终端负载条件作用,该作用例如可以通过第一耦合能量和第二耦合能量体现。由此,通过哑元天线D_A对处于边缘的接收天线RX的耦合作用,使得处于边缘的接收天线RX收到的耦合能量作用与中部的接收天线RX收到的耦合能量作用大致相同或者完全相同,或者使得在有限ULA中的接收天线RX都处于相似的阵列环境,从而减少由于天线实际设计产生的“边缘效应”。各接收天线RX的天线方向图的一致性较高。
由于雷达在对反射点进行角度计算时,可以采用MUSIC(Multiple Signal Classification)和DBF(Digtal Beam Forming)算法等,这些算法是基于多通道接收天线RX的幅度、相位一致性的模型。通过在用于接收电磁波的天线子阵201的两侧设置哑元天线D_A,改善接收天线RX天线方向图的幅相一致性,可以防止接收通道数据引入由天线方向图不一致性造成的幅相差异性造成的测角精度降低。
可以理解的,如果天线阵列200和馈电主***于天线基板203的同侧,则会恶化方向图一致性。
如图1至图3所示,通过背馈方式将作为天线主体的天线阵列200和馈电主体分置于电路板的两侧,即将天线阵列200设于天线侧面2031上,将用于馈电的结构设于与天线侧面2031相对设置的馈线侧面2032上,从而可以减少馈线侧面2032上的馈电过程对天线阵列200上天线子阵201的电磁干扰,天线子阵201的方向图一致性更高。
在一些实施方式中,如图5所示,天线基板203包括多个层叠的介质板2033和至少一个金属隔离层2034,金属隔离层2034位于相邻介质板2033之间。多 个层叠的介质板2033具有天线侧面2031和与天线侧面2031相对设置的馈线侧面2032。金属隔离层2034例如包括铜箔。可以理解的是,图5仅作为天线基板的结构示意,并不对各个介质板和金属隔离层的长度、宽度或厚度以及其之间的比例作具体的限定。
示例性的,至少一个金属隔离层2034用做“地”,以实现天线基板203两侧的天线侧面2031和馈线侧面2032间的隔离。
在一些实施方式中,如图1所示,哑元天线D_A与位于哑元天线D_A之间的天线子阵201形状相同。从而哑元天线D_A对天线子阵201的耦合能量作用,可以等同天线子阵201对天线子阵201的耦合能量作用,进一步提升了天线子阵201的方向图一致性。
在一些实施方式中,如图1所示,哑元天线D_A和天线子阵201均包括串馈线阵,但,本申请实施例并不受限于此。
示例性的,如图1所示,哑元天线D_A和天线子阵201均包括中心贴片204和第一串馈线阵505、第二串馈线阵506。其中,中心贴片204设于天线侧面2031上;第一串馈线阵505,设于天线侧面2031上,连接于中心贴片204的一端;第二串馈线阵506,设于天线侧面2031上,连接于中心贴片204的另一端。
示例性的,如图6所示,第一串馈线阵505、第二串馈线阵506均包括多个串联的微带贴片502。
具体的,天线子阵201的中心贴片204处受到来自馈线侧面2032传输功率信号的馈电,在符合锥削分布的天线主体上向两侧传导,实现方向图俯仰维度上低旁瓣水平。
示例性的,哑元天线D_A、天线子阵201各自的第一串馈线阵505和第二串馈线阵506关于各自的中心贴片204对称设置在天线侧面2031上。从而,中心贴片204的位置为天线子阵201的等效天线相位中心的位置。
示例性的,如图1所示,哑元天线D_A、天线子阵201的中心贴片204的排列方向与第一串馈线阵505的方向垂直。
具体的,哑元天线D_A、天线子阵201的中心贴片204沿一条直线排布,便于天线阵列200在天线侧面2031上的布置,且降低中心贴片204与其他哑元天线D_A、天线子阵201的第一串馈线阵505、第二串馈线阵506之间的电磁耦合,提升了天线子阵201的方向图一致性。
在一些实施方式中,哑元天线D_A和位于哑元天线D_A之间的天线子阵201等间隔分布,且哑元天线D_A和位于哑元天线D_A之间的天线子阵201的排列方向与第一方向垂直,第一方向平行于天线子阵201。
通过将哑元天线D_A和天线子阵201等间隔分布,使得不同天线子阵201所处的阵列环境更加一致,使得各接收天线RX的天线方向图的一致性更高。
在一些实施方式中,如图2和图3所示,馈线侧面2032上设有与天线子阵201的中心贴片204相对设置的馈电贴片600,馈电贴片600与天线子阵201的中心贴片204电磁耦合。
其中,发射天线TX的馈电贴片600通过传输馈线605接收来自发射机的输出功率信号,接收天线RX的馈电贴片600将空间中特定频率的电磁波信号转换成功率信号通过传输馈线605向接收机传输。
具体的,馈电贴片600与天线子阵201的中心贴片204电磁耦合,以实现发射天线TX的馈电贴片600将接收的输出功率信号传输至发射天线TX以向外发射电磁波信号,和实现接收天线RX将接收的电磁波信号传输至接收天线RX的馈电贴片600以便该馈电贴片600将电磁波信号转换成功率信号后通过传输馈线605向接收机传输。
在一些实施方式中,馈电贴片600与天线子阵201的中心贴片204通过穿设于天线基板203的金属柱实现电连接,加工工艺较为简单。
在另一些实施方式中,如图6和图7所示,毫米波天线还包括:天线波导贴片501和馈电波导贴片601。
其中,如图2、图3和图7所示,馈电波导贴片601设于馈线侧面2032上,且设于馈电贴片600的外周。
具体的,如图7所示,天线子阵201对应的馈电贴片600和天线子阵201对应的馈电波导贴片601之间设有第一缝隙11,以隔离馈电贴片600和馈电波导贴片601之间的电流传导。
其中,如图6所示,天线波导贴片501设于天线侧面2031上,且设于天线子阵201的中心贴片204的外周。
具体的,天线子阵201的中心贴片204和天线子阵201的天线波导贴片501之间设有第二缝隙12,以隔离天线子阵201的中心贴片204和天线波导贴片501之间的电流传导。
在一些实施方式中,馈电贴片600与天线子阵201的中心贴片204通过波导结构实现导波传输。
示例性的,如图5、图6和图7所示,馈电波导贴片601通过多个第一金属化通孔606连接于与馈电贴片600相对设置的中心贴片204外周的天线波导贴片501,第一金属化通孔606穿设于天线基板203。
如图5所示,多个第一金属化通孔606和两侧的天线波导贴片501、馈电波导贴片601构成一个相对封闭的腔室,因此中心贴片204和馈电贴片600之间传输的电磁波可以被限制在该腔室内,传输的效率较高,对外部的干扰较小。
通过天线波导贴片501、馈电波导贴片601和第一金属化通孔606形成波导结构对功率信号进行导波传输,该过程可以是发射机端口输出,通过波导结构传输至天线子阵201,或者是天线子阵201受激励的信号,通过波导结构传输至接收机端口。
具体的,多个第一金属化通孔606环绕天线子阵201的中心贴片204设置,从而中心贴片204和馈电贴片600之间传输电磁波的效率更高,对外部的干扰更小。
在一些实施方式中,如图5和图6所示,邻近天线侧面2031设置的金属隔离层2034对应于中心贴片204的位置设有第一开口缝隙21;如图5和图7所示,邻近馈线侧面2032设置的金属隔离层2034对应于馈电贴片600的位置设有第二开口缝隙22;如图5所示,其余的金属隔离层2034对应于第一开口缝隙21和第二开口缝隙22的位置设有开窗23。第一开口缝隙21、第二开口缝隙22、开窗23可以便于中心贴片204和馈电贴片600之间传输电磁波。
天线子阵201的中心贴片204与矩形波导口表面的第一开口缝隙21之间产生耦合,实现功率信号的有效传输。
示例性的,开窗23的面积大于第一开口缝隙21、第二开口缝隙22的面积,以减少中心贴片204和馈电贴片600之间电磁波的泄露,降低传输损耗。
示例性的,天线基板203的介质板2033可以采用低损耗介质板,或者高损耗介质板,或者部分采用低损耗介质板其他部分采用高损耗介质板。高损耗介质板上对应于第一开口缝隙21、第二开口缝隙22、开窗23的部分可以镂空,便于中心贴片204和馈电贴片600之间电磁波的传输。
示例性的,天线基板203邻近天线侧面2031的介质板2033和邻近馈线侧 面2032的介质板2033采用低损耗介质板,对应于第一开口缝隙21、第二开口缝隙22的部分可以不镂空,便于在其上布置贴片,而且对中心贴片204和馈电贴片600之间传输的电磁波的损耗较小。
在一些实施方式中,如图7所示,馈电波导贴片601包括:
第一空隙部6011,位于馈电波导贴片601的中部;
第一开口部6012,连通第一空隙部6011并位于馈电波导贴片601的外部。
馈电贴片600包括:
开路枝节603,位于第一空隙部6011;
第一阻抗变换节604,位于第一开口部6012,一端连接于开路枝节603,另一端用于连接馈线605。
如图7所示为毫米波天线一实施方式中的馈电结构的示意图,该馈电结构是毫米波天线输出、输入信号路径上的转换部分。天线基板203的馈线侧面2032上刻蚀的金属贴片,如馈电贴片600与第一金属化通孔606形成波导结构对功率信号进行导波传输。
具体的,馈线605可以为微带馈线605,呈现50欧姆特性阻抗,其延长部分可以与芯片发射端口和接收端口连接。
示例性的,馈线605通过串联型第一阻抗变换节604与共面波导开路枝节603相连接。由于开路枝节603的终端条件,可以与第一阻抗变换节604和第一金属化通孔606形成的波导结构表面的第二开口缝隙22产生耦合效应,使得功率信号得到有效传输,第二开口缝隙22位于共面波导开路枝节603的正下方。
在一些实施方式中,哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204用于将哑元天线D_A感应到的电磁波信号传输至天线基板203的馈线侧面2032,由馈线侧面2032的负载结构消耗这一部分电磁波能量,例如在馈线侧面2032辐射或者损耗掉。
在一些实施方式中,如图2、图3所示,馈线侧面2032上还设有负载组件700,负载组件700与哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204相对设置,且与哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204电磁耦合。
示例性的,哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204接收空间中特定频率的电磁波信号,并通过与负载组件700之间的电磁耦合将电磁波信号能量传输给负载组件700,由负载组件700消耗这一部分电磁波能量,例如在馈线侧面2032辐射或者损耗掉。
在一些实施方式中,哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204与负载组件700通过穿设于天线基板203的金属柱实现电连接,加工工艺较为简单。
在另一些实施方式中,如图8所示,哑元天线D_A还包括哑元波导贴片710,设于天线侧面2031上,且设于哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204的外周。
示例性的,如图2所示,哑元波导贴片710的结构可以和天线波导贴片501相同。
具体的,哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204和哑元天线D_A的哑元波导贴片710之间设有第三缝隙13,以隔离哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204和哑元波导贴片710之间的电流传导。
在一些实施方式中,负载组件700与哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204通过波导结构实现导波传输。
在一些实施方式中,如图2和图9所示,负载组件700包括:
第一贴片701,设于馈线侧面2032上,并与哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204相对设置;
第二贴片702,设于馈线侧面2032上,且设于第一贴片701的外周。
示例性的,如图9所示,负载组件700的第一贴片701和负载组件700的第二贴片702之间设有第四缝隙14。具体的,第一贴片701和第二贴片702部分连接。
具体的,如图2、图8和图9所示,第二贴片702通过多个第二金属化通孔703连接于哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204外周的哑元波导贴片710,第二金属化通孔703穿设于天线基板203。
多个第二金属化通孔703和两侧的第一贴片701、哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204构成一个相对封闭的腔室,因此哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204和第一贴片701之间传输的电磁波可以被限制在该腔室内,传输的效率较高,对外部的干扰较小。
通过哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204、第一贴片701和第二金属化通孔703形成波导结构对功率信号进行导波传输,该过程可以是哑元天线D_A接收的电磁波能量汇集到哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204,然后通过波导结构传输至负载组件700的第一贴片701,以便激发第一贴片701和第四缝隙14构成的宽带缝隙天线的多谐振模式,将能量辐射消耗。
具体的,多个第二金属化通孔703环绕哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204设置,从而哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204和第一贴片701之间传输电磁波的效率更高,对外部的干扰更小。
具体的,该实施方式的负载组件700为辐射型负载结构。实现机理为将哑元天线D_A接收到的内场形式的电磁信号,通过辐射型负载向空间中传输,同时满足自由空间与哑元天线D_A相匹配。辐射型负载结构可以包括例如为矩形的负载结构铜箔、位于负载结构铜箔内部呈“C”状的第四缝隙14、第四缝隙14在负载结构铜箔内所形成的第一贴片701,以及负载结构铜箔***加工的第二金属化通孔703。
其中,第二金属化通孔703在垂直于天线基板203的方向上形成波导结构,能够实现哑元天线D_A和负载组件700之间的接收能量低损耗传输;“C”状的第四缝隙14与第一贴片701构成宽带缝隙天线,通过激发缝隙天线的多谐振模式来展宽带宽,第四缝隙14结构的长和宽可以改变以适应性调整谐振频率点,第一贴片701可以改变阻抗匹配性能,不限于矩形,可以是圆形等,或者在第一贴片701的表面开寄生缝隙来实现阻抗匹配。
在另一些实施方式中,如图3和图10所示,负载组件700包括负载连接贴片810和负载贴片820。
其中,负载连接贴片810,设于馈线侧面2032上,并与哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204相对设置,与哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204电磁耦合;负载贴片820,连接于负载连接贴片810。
示例性的,负载连接贴片810的结构可以和馈电贴片600的结构相同。
示例性的,如图10所示,馈线侧面2032上还设有负载波导贴片801。
负载波导贴片801设于负载连接贴片810的外周,通过多个第三金属化通孔802连接于哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204外周的哑元波导贴片710,第三金属化通孔802穿设于天线基板203。
具体的,多个第三金属化通孔802环绕哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204设置。
具体的,如图3、图8和图10所示,邻近天线侧面2031设置的金属隔离层2034对应于中心贴片204的位置设有第一开口缝隙21,邻近馈线侧面2032设置的金属隔离层2034对应于负载连接贴片810的位置设有第四开口缝隙803,其余的金属隔离层2034对应于第一开口缝隙21和第四开口缝隙803的位 置设有开窗。
示例性的,负载连接贴片810、哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204、负载波导贴片801、哑元天线D_A的哑元波导贴片710、第三金属化通孔802等的结构和工作原理可以参照前述的馈电贴片600、天线子阵201的中心贴片204、馈电波导贴片601、天线子阵201的中心贴片204***的天线波导贴片501、第一金属化通孔606等的结构和工作原理;相应的天线基板203上金属隔离层2034的开口缝隙、开窗23等结构也可对应参照前述的第一开口缝隙21、第二开口缝隙22、开窗23,在此不做赘述。
通过哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204、负载连接贴片810和第三金属化通孔802形成波导结构对功率信号进行导波传输,该过程可以是哑元天线D_A接收的电磁波能量汇集到哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204,然后通过波导结构传输至负载组件700的负载连接贴片810,然后负载连接贴片810将电磁波能量传导至负载贴片820进行消耗。
示例性的,如图10和图11所示,负载贴片820通过多个金属化盲孔805连接于天线基板203。
具体的,该实施方式的负载组件700为损耗型负载结构。实现机理为将哑元天线D_A接收到的内场形式的功率信号,传导至负载贴片820,负载贴片820将这部分能量传导至天线基板203内部的高损耗介质板中耗散掉,从传输端口看进去为匹配特性。
示例性的,如图10和图11所示,损耗型负载结构具体包括:邻近馈线侧面2032的金属隔离层2034在与负载贴片820对应的位置设有第三开口缝隙806,多个金属化盲孔805连接负载贴片820和其中一个金属隔离层2034,从而负载贴片820、金属化盲孔805和该金属隔离层2034形成平面腔体结构。
微带传输线807是50欧姆特性阻抗的微带传输线807,接收来自哑元天线D_A的负载连接贴片810的电磁信号;第二阻抗变换节808用于实现阻抗变换匹配,位于微带传输线807与平面腔体结构之间。
损耗型负载结构的作用机理是以匹配形式将哑元天线D_A上的接收信号传导至负载贴片820,由负载贴片820通过第三开口缝隙806和金属化盲孔805导波至天线基板203的高损耗介质板中耗散。
哑元天线D_A的负载条件会影响到接收天线RX的耦合环境,这里的耦合环 境是指天线受到耦合影响而在其表面产生的表面电流分布情况,并且该情况的影响因素包括天线形式、天线所连接的负载条件。当图1或图4中最左侧的接收天线RX受到空间电磁波的激励而工作时,会耦合影响空间距离最近的哑元天线D_A和接收天线RX,两者为该最左侧的接收天线RX的耦合环境贡献。实际中,左侧第二个接收天线RX通过某一特性阻抗的传输馈线605与接收机芯片内部输出阻抗相匹配,特性阻抗通常是50欧姆,或者是在工作频带下为定值。因此,在一些实施方案中哑元天线D_A和接收天线RX的天线形式是一致的。
通过负载组件700的辐射型负载结构或者损耗型负载结构,可以实现为接收天线RX营造左右相似的耦合环境以及匹配条件。
示例性的,如图12所示为无哑元天线D_A时各通道接收天线RX间相对相位的分布图,如图13所示为哑元天线D_A连接如图9所示的辐射型负载时各通道接收天线RX间相对相位的分布图,如图14所示为哑元天线D_A连接如图10所示的损耗性型负载时各通道接收天线RX间相对相位的分布图,可以看出,有哑元天线D_A时相位一致性在空间覆盖角度范围以及大角度处都得到改善。
本申请实施例提供的毫米波天线,通过在天线基板203的与馈线侧面2032相对设置的天线侧面2031上布置天线阵列200,实现背部馈电方式的毫米波天线,减少传输馈线605对天线影响,防止馈电部分对接收天线RX的干扰,提高了天线阵列200中接收天线RX方向图的幅相一致性;还通过在接收天线RX的两侧设置哑元天线D_A,使得接收天线RX都处于相似的阵列环境,从而减少由于天线实际设计产生的边缘效应,各接收天线RX的天线方向图的一致性较高;从而可以提高毫米波天线的测角精度。
可以理解的,本申请实施例还提供的一种毫米波天线,可以结合上述实施例参阅图1至图11。
具体的,毫米波天线包括:
天线基板203,具有多个层叠的介质板2033和至少一个金属隔离层2034,金属隔离层2034位于相邻介质板2033之间,多个层叠的介质板2033具有天线侧面2031和与天线侧面2031相对设置的馈线侧面2032;
天线子阵201,设于天线侧面2031上,包括中心贴片204、连接于中心贴片204一端的第一串馈线阵505和连接于中心贴片204另一端的第二串馈线阵506;
馈电贴片600,设于馈线侧面2032上,与天线子阵201的中心贴片204相对设置;
天线波导贴片501,设于天线侧面2031上,且设于天线子阵201的中心贴片204的外周;
馈电波导贴片601,设于馈线侧面2032上,且设于馈电贴片600的外周,通过多个第一金属化通孔606连接于与馈电贴片600相对设置的中心贴片204外周的天线波导贴片501,第一金属化通孔606穿设于馈电波导贴片601、天线基板203和天线波导贴片501。
在一些实施方式中,天线至少包括两个用于接收电磁波的天线子阵201。
示例性的,天线还包括:
至少两个哑元天线D_A,设于天线侧面2031上,哑元天线D_A与天线子阵201平行,且用于接收电磁波的天线子阵201位于至少两个哑元天线D_A之间。
示例性的,哑元天线D_A与位于哑元天线D_A之间的天线子阵201形状相同。
示例性的,哑元天线D_A、天线子阵201各自的第一串馈线阵505和第二串馈线阵506关于各自的中心贴片204对称设置在天线侧面2031上。
示例性的,哑元天线D_A、天线子阵201的中心贴片204的排列方向与第一串馈线阵505的方向垂直。
示例性的,哑元天线D_A和位于哑元天线D_A之间的天线子阵201等间隔分布,且哑元天线D_A和位于哑元天线D_A之间的天线子阵201的排列方向与第一方向垂直,第一方向平行于天线子阵201。
示例性的,馈线侧面2032上还设有:
负载组件700,设于馈线侧面2032上,并与哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204相对设置,与哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204电磁耦合。
示例性的,哑元天线D_A还包括:
哑元波导贴片710,设于天线侧面2031上,且设于哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204的外周。
示例性的,负载组件700包括:
第一贴片701,设于馈线侧面2032上,并与哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204相对设置;
第二贴片702,设于馈线侧面2032上,且设于第一贴片701的外周,通过多个第二金属化通孔703连接于哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204外周的哑元波导贴片710,第二金属化通孔703穿设于天线基板203;
第一贴片701和第二贴片702部分连接。
示例性的,负载组件700包括:
负载连接贴片810,设于馈线侧面2032上,并与哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204相对设置,与哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204电磁耦合;
负载贴片820,连接于负载连接贴片810。
示例性的,馈线侧面2032上还设有:
负载波导贴片801,设于负载连接贴片810的外周,通过多个第三金属化通孔802连接于哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204外周的哑元波导贴片710,第三金属化通孔802穿设于天线基板203。
示例性的,负载贴片820通过多个金属化盲孔805连接于天线基板203。
示例性的,馈电波导贴片601包括:
第一空隙部6011,位于馈电波导贴片601的中部;
第一开口部6012,连通第一空隙部6011并位于馈电波导贴片601的外部;
馈电贴片600包括:
开路枝节603,位于第一空隙部6011;
第一阻抗变换节604,位于第一开口部6012,一端连接于开路枝节603,另一端用于连接馈线605。
示例性的,天线子阵201对应的馈电贴片600和天线子阵201对应的馈电波导贴片601之间设有第一缝隙11。
示例性的,天线子阵201的中心贴片204和天线子阵201的天线波导贴片501之间设有第二缝隙12;哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204和哑元天线D_A的哑元波导贴片710之间设有第三缝隙13。
示例性的,负载组件700的第一贴片701和负载组件700的第二贴片702之间设有第四缝隙14。
示例性的,多个第一金属化通孔606环绕天线子阵201的中心贴片204设置。
示例性的,多个第二金属化通孔703环绕哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204设 置。
示例性的,多个第三金属化通孔802环绕哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204设置。
示例性的,邻近天线侧面2031设置的金属隔离层2034对应于中心贴片204的位置设有第一开口缝隙21,邻近馈线侧面2032设置的金属隔离层2034对应于馈电贴片600的位置设有第二开口缝隙22,其余的金属隔离层2034对应于第一开口缝隙21和第二开口缝隙22的位置设有开窗23,开窗23的面积大于第一开口缝隙21、第二开口缝隙22的面积。
示例性的,邻近馈线侧面2032设置的金属隔离层2034在与负载贴片820对应的位置设有第三开口缝隙806。
示例性的,邻近天线侧面2031设置的金属隔离层2034对应于中心贴片204的位置设有第一开口缝隙21,邻近馈线侧面2032设置的金属隔离层2034对应于负载连接贴片810的位置设有第四开口缝隙803,其余的金属隔离层2034对应于第一开口缝隙21和第四开口缝隙803的位置设有开窗23。
本申请实施例提供的毫米波天线的具体原理和实现方式均与前述实施例的毫米波天线类似,此处不再赘述。
本申请实施例提供的毫米波天线,通过穿设于天线基板203的金属化通孔连接天线侧面2031上的天线波导贴片501和馈线侧面2032上的馈电波导贴片601,形成天线子阵201的中心贴片204和馈线侧面2032上的馈电贴片600之间的波导传输通路,实现了基于波导传输的背馈式毫米波天线;可以避免传输馈线605的空间辐射效应带来的多通道接收信号的幅度、相位差异,以及传输馈线605的表面波效应引起的各接收通道间的耦合,进而造成信号幅度、相位差异。
可以理解的,本申请实施例还提供的一种毫米波天线的天线馈电结构,可以结合上述实施例参阅图1至图3、图5至图7。
具体的,毫米波天线的天线馈电结构包括:
天线基板203,具有天线侧面2031和与天线侧面2031相对设置的馈线侧面2032;
天线子阵201,设于天线侧面2031上,包括中心贴片204、连接于中心贴片204一端的第一串馈线阵505和连接于中心贴片204另一端的第二串馈线阵 506;
天线波导贴片501,设于天线侧面2031上,且设于天线子阵201的中心贴片204的外周,天线波导贴片501通过多个穿设于天线基板203的第一金属化通孔606连接于馈线侧面2032。
示例性的,天线基板203包括多个层叠的介质板2033和至少一个金属隔离层2034,金属隔离层2034位于相邻介质板2033之间。
示例性的,天线波导贴片501与天线子阵201的中心贴片204之间设有第二缝隙12。
示例性的,结构还包括:
馈电贴片600,设于天线侧面2031上,与天线子阵201的中心贴片204相对设置,以与天线波导贴片501电磁耦合。
示例性的,多个第一金属化通孔606环绕天线子阵201的中心贴片204设置。
示例性的,邻近天线侧面2031设置的金属隔离层2034对应于中心贴片204的位置设有第一开口缝隙21,邻近馈线侧面2032设置的金属隔离层2034对应于第一开口缝隙21的位置设有第二开口缝隙22,其余的金属隔离层2034对应于第一开口缝隙21和第二开口缝隙22的位置设有开窗23,开窗23的面积大于第一开口缝隙21、第二开口缝隙22的面积。
本申请实施例提供的毫米波天线的天线馈电结构,通过穿设于天线基板203的金属化通孔连接天线侧面2031上的天线波导贴片501和馈线侧面2032,形成天线子阵201的中心贴片204和馈线侧面2032之间的波导传输通路,实现了基于波导传输的背馈式毫米波天线;可以避免传输馈线605的空间辐射效应带来的多通道接收信号的幅度、相位差异,以及传输馈线605的表面波效应引起的各接收通道间的耦合,进而造成信号幅度、相位差异。
可以理解的,本申请实施例还提供的一种毫米波天线的馈线605馈电结构,可以结合上述实施例参阅图1至图3、图5至图7。
具体的,馈线605馈电结构包括:
天线基板203,具有天线侧面2031和与天线侧面2031相对设置的馈线侧面2032;
天线子阵201,设于天线侧面2031上;
馈电贴片600,设于天线侧面2031上,与天线子阵201相对设置;
馈电波导贴片601,设于馈线侧面2032上,且设于馈电贴片600的外周,通过多个穿设于天线基板203的第一金属化通孔606连接于天线侧面2031,以与天线侧面2031上的天线子阵201电磁耦合。
示例性的,馈电波导贴片601包括:
第一空隙部6011,位于馈电波导贴片601的中部;
第一开口部6012,连通第一空隙部6011并位于馈电波导贴片601的外部;
示例性的,馈电贴片600包括:
开路枝节603,位于第一空隙部6011;
第一阻抗变换节604,位于第一开口部6012,一端连接于开路枝节603,另一端用于连接馈线605。
示例性的,天线基板203包括多个层叠的介质板2033和至少一个金属隔离层2034,金属隔离层2034位于相邻介质板2033之间。
示例性的,馈电贴片600和对应的馈电波导贴片601之间设有第一缝隙11。
示例性的,多个第一金属化通孔606环绕馈电贴片600设置。
示例性的,邻近馈线侧面2032设置的金属隔离层2034对应于馈电贴片600的位置设有第二开口缝隙22,邻近天线侧面2031设置的金属隔离层2034对应于第二开口缝隙22的位置设有第一开口缝隙21,其余的金属隔离层2034对应于第一开口缝隙21和第二开口缝隙22的位置设有开窗23,开窗23的面积大于第一开口缝隙21、第二开口缝隙22的面积。
本申请实施例提供的毫米波天线的馈线605馈电结构,通过穿设于天线基板203的金属化通孔连接馈线侧面2032上的馈电波导贴片601和天线侧面2031上的天线子阵201,形成天线子阵201和馈线侧面2032上馈电贴片600之间的波导传输通路,实现了基于波导传输的背馈式毫米波天线;可以避免传输馈线605的空间辐射效应带来的多通道接收信号的幅度、相位差异,以及传输馈线605的表面波效应引起的各接收通道间的耦合,进而造成信号幅度、相位差异。
可以理解的,本申请实施例还提供的一种毫米波天线的哑元天线D_A结构,可以结合上述实施例参阅图1至图3、图8至图11。
具体的,毫米波天线的哑元天线D_A结构包括:
天线基板203,具有天线侧面2031和与天线侧面2031相对设置的馈线侧 面2032;
哑元天线D_A,设于天线侧面2031上,包括中心贴片204;
负载组件700,设于馈线侧面2032上,与哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204相对设置;
哑元波导贴片710,设于天线侧面2031上,且设于哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204的外周,哑元波导贴片710通过多个穿设于天线基板203的第二金属化通孔703连接于馈线侧面2032,以与负载组件700电磁耦合。
示例性的,负载组件700包括:
第一贴片701,设于馈线侧面2032上,并与哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204相对设置;
第二贴片702,设于馈线侧面2032上,且设于第一贴片701的外周;
第二金属化通孔703连通哑元波导贴片710和第二贴片702;
第一贴片701和第二贴片702部分连接。
示例性的,负载组件700包括:
负载连接贴片810,设于馈线侧面2032上,并与哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204相对设置,与哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204电磁耦合;
负载贴片820,连接于负载连接贴片810。
示例性的,馈线侧面2032上还设有:
负载波导贴片801,设于负载连接贴片810的外周,通过多个第三金属化通孔802连接于哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204外周的哑元波导贴片710,第三金属化通孔802穿设于天线基板203。
示例性的,负载贴片820通过多个金属化盲孔805连接于天线基板203。
示例性的,哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204和哑元天线D_A的哑元波导贴片710之间设有第三缝隙13。
示例性的,负载组件700的第一贴片701和负载组件700的第二贴片702之间设有第四缝隙14。
示例性的,多个第二金属化通孔703环绕哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204设置。
示例性的,多个第三金属化通孔802环绕哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204设置。
本申请实施例提供的毫米波天线的哑元天线D_A结构,通过穿设于天线基板203的金属化通孔连接馈线侧面2032上的负载组件700和天线侧面2031上哑元天线D_A的中心贴片204,形成哑元天线D_A和馈线侧面2032上负载组件700之间的波导传输通路,实现了基于波导传输的背馈式哑元天线D_A结构;将哑元天线D_A接收的电磁波能量传到至天线背面消耗掉,例如在馈线侧面2032辐射或者损耗掉,提高了天线侧面2031上天线阵列200中接收天线RX方向图的幅相一致性。
可以理解的,本申请实施例提供的毫米波天线可以应用于天线组件。因此本申请实施例还提供了一种天线组件,如图4所示,天线组件包括收发机103和与所述收发机103电性连接的毫米波天线。
其中,在一些实施方式中,所述毫米波天线包括:天线基板203,具有天线侧面2031和与所述天线侧面2031相对设置的馈线侧面2032;
天线阵列200,设于所述天线侧面2031上,包括至少两个平行排列的天线子阵201,所述天线子阵201用于发射从所述馈线侧面2032获取的能量或者将接收的电磁波的能量传递到所述馈线侧面2032;
其中,所述天线还包括设于所述天线侧面2031上的至少两个哑元天线D_A,所述哑元天线D_A与至少两个所述天线子阵201平行,且至少两个用于接收电磁波的天线子阵201位于所述至少两个哑元天线D_A之间。
其中,在一些实施方式中,所述毫米波天线包括:
天线基板203,具有多个层叠的介质板2033和至少一个金属隔离层2034,所述金属隔离层2034位于相邻介质板2033之间,所述多个层叠的介质板2033具有天线侧面2031和与所述天线侧面2031相对设置的馈线侧面2032;
天线子阵201,设于所述天线侧面2031上,包括中心贴片204、连接于所述中心贴片204一端的第一串馈线阵505和连接于所述中心贴片204另一端的第二串馈线阵506;
馈电贴片600,设于所述馈线侧面2032上,与所述天线子阵201的中心贴片204相对设置;
天线波导贴片501,设于所述天线侧面2031上,且设于所述天线子阵201的中心贴片204的外周;
馈电波导贴片601,设于所述馈线侧面2032上,且设于所述馈电贴片600 的外周,通过多个第一金属化通孔606连接于与所述馈电贴片600相对设置的中心贴片204外周的天线波导贴片501,所述第一金属化通孔606穿设于所述馈电波导贴片601、所述天线基板203和所述天线波导贴片501。
可以理解的,本申请实施例提供的天线组件可以应用于毫米波雷达***。因此本申请实施例还提供了一种毫米波雷达***,如图15所示,毫米波雷达***1000包括信号处理装置1100和前述的天线组件1200。
其中,所述信号处理装置1100用于获取所述天线组件1200的收发机输出的雷达信号,对所述雷达信号进行处理得到目标物相对于所述毫米波雷达***1000的方位信息。
在一些实施方式中,所述毫米波雷达***1000可以应用于可移动平台,可移动平台例如可以包括可以根据毫米波雷达***1000确定的目标物的方位信息进行自动驾驶或辅助驾驶的汽车、机器车、无人机等。
基于本申请前述实施例毫米波天线的较高的测角精度,天线组件、毫米波雷达***、可移动平台可以更精确的确定目标物的方位信息,控制也更加精确、安全。
应当理解,在此本申请中所使用的术语仅仅是出于描述特定实施例的目的而并不意在限制本申请。
需要说明的是,在本申请说明书和所附权利要求书中使用的“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。
以上,仅为本申请的具体实施方式,但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到各种等效的修改或替换,这些修改或替换都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此,本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (70)
- 一种毫米波天线,其特征在于,所述天线包括:天线基板,具有天线侧面和与所述天线侧面相对设置的馈线侧面;天线阵列,设于所述天线侧面上,包括至少两个平行排列的天线子阵,所述天线子阵用于发射从所述馈线侧面获取的能量或者将接收的电磁波的能量传递到所述馈线侧面;其中,所述天线还包括设于所述天线侧面上的至少两个哑元天线,所述哑元天线与至少两个所述天线子阵平行,且至少两个用于接收电磁波的天线子阵位于所述至少两个哑元天线之间。
- 根据权利要求1所述的天线,其特征在于,所述哑元天线与位于所述哑元天线之间的天线子阵形状相同。
- 根据权利要求2所述的天线,其特征在于,所述哑元天线和所述天线子阵均包括:中心贴片,设于所述天线侧面上;第一串馈线阵,设于所述天线侧面上,连接于所述中心贴片的一端;第二串馈线阵,设于所述天线侧面上,连接于所述中心贴片的另一端。
- 根据权利要求3所述的天线,其特征在于,所述哑元天线、所述天线子阵各自的第一串馈线阵和第二串馈线阵关于各自的中心贴片对称设置在所述天线侧面上。
- 根据权利要求3所述的天线,其特征在于,所述哑元天线、所述天线子阵的中心贴片的排列方向与所述第一串馈线阵的方向垂直。
- 根据权利要求2所述的天线,其特征在于,所述哑元天线和位于所述哑元天线之间的天线子阵等间隔分布,且所述哑元天线和位于所述哑元天线之间的天线子阵的排列方向与第一方向垂直,所述第一方向平行于所述天线子阵。
- 根据权利要求3-5中任一项所述的天线,其特征在于,所述馈线侧面上设有与所述天线子阵的中心贴片相对设置的馈电贴片,所述馈电贴片与所述天线子阵的中心贴片电磁耦合。
- 根据权利要求7所述的天线,其特征在于,所述天线还包括:天线波导贴片,设于所述天线侧面上,且设于所述天线子阵的中心贴片的外周;馈电波导贴片,设于所述馈线侧面上,且设于所述馈电贴片的外周,通过多个第一金属化通孔连接于与所述馈电贴片相对设置的中心贴片外周的天线波导贴片,所述第一金属化通孔穿设于所述天线基板。
- 根据权利要求7或8所述的天线,其特征在于,所述馈线侧面上还设有:负载组件,设于所述馈线侧面上,并与所述哑元天线的中心贴片相对设置,与所述哑元天线的中心贴片电磁耦合。
- 根据权利要求9所述的天线,其特征在于,所述哑元天线还包括:哑元波导贴片,设于所述天线侧面上,且设于所述哑元天线的中心贴片的外周。
- 根据权利要求10所述的天线,其特征在于,所述负载组件包括:第一贴片,设于所述馈线侧面上,并与所述哑元天线的中心贴片相对设置;第二贴片,设于所述馈线侧面上,且设于所述第一贴片的外周,通过多个第二金属化通孔连接于所述哑元天线的中心贴片外周的哑元波导贴片,所述第二金属化通孔穿设于所述天线基板;所述第一贴片和所述第二贴片部分连接。
- 根据权利要求10所述的天线,其特征在于,所述负载组件包括:负载连接贴片,设于所述馈线侧面上,并与所述哑元天线的中心贴片相对设置,与所述哑元天线的中心贴片电磁耦合;负载贴片,连接于所述负载连接贴片。
- 根据权利要求12所述的天线,其特征在于,所述馈线侧面上还设有:负载波导贴片,设于所述负载连接贴片的外周,通过多个第三金属化通孔连接于所述哑元天线的中心贴片外周的哑元波导贴片,所述第三金属化通孔穿设于所述天线基板。
- 根据权利要求12所述的天线,其特征在于,所述负载贴片通过多个金属化盲孔连接于所述天线基板。
- 根据权利要求8所述的天线,其特征在于,所述馈电波导贴片包括:第一空隙部,位于所述馈电波导贴片的中部;第一开口部,连通所述第一空隙部并位于所述馈电波导贴片的外部;所述馈电贴片包括:开路枝节,位于所述第一空隙部;第一阻抗变换节,位于所述第一开口部,一端连接于所述开路枝节,另一端用于连接馈线。
- 根据权利要求8所述的天线,其特征在于,所述天线子阵对应的馈电贴片和所述天线子阵对应的馈电波导贴片之间设有第一缝隙。
- 根据权利要求16所述的天线,其特征在于,所述天线子阵的中心贴片和所述天线子阵的天线波导贴片之间设有第二缝隙;所述哑元天线的中心贴片和所述哑元天线的哑元波导贴片之间设有第三缝隙。
- 根据权利要求11所述的天线,其特征在于,所述负载组件的第一贴片和所述负载组件的第二贴片之间设有第四缝隙。
- 根据权利要求7-18中任一项所述的天线,其特征在于,所述天线基板包括多个层叠的介质板和至少一个金属隔离层,所述金属隔离层位于相邻介质板之间。
- 根据权利要求19所述的天线,其特征在于,邻近所述天线侧面设置的金属隔离层对应于所述中心贴片的位置设有第一开口缝隙,邻近所述馈线侧面设置的金属隔离层对应于所述馈电贴片的位置设有第二开口缝隙,其余的金属隔离层对应于所述第一开口缝隙和所述第二开口缝隙的位置设有开窗,所述开窗的面积大于所述第一开口缝隙、第二开口缝隙的面积。
- 根据权利要求8所述的天线,其特征在于,所述多个第一金属化通孔环绕所述天线子阵的中心贴片设置。
- 根据权利要求11所述的天线,其特征在于,所述多个第二金属化通孔环绕所述哑元天线的中心贴片设置。
- 根据权利要求13所述的天线,其特征在于,所述多个第三金属化通孔环绕所述哑元天线的中心贴片设置。
- 一种毫米波天线,其特征在于,所述天线包括:天线基板,具有多个层叠的介质板和至少一个金属隔离层,所述金属隔离层位于相邻介质板之间,所述多个层叠的介质板具有天线侧面和与所述天线侧面相对设置的馈线侧面;天线子阵,设于所述天线侧面上,包括中心贴片、连接于所述中心贴片一端的第一串馈线阵和连接于所述中心贴片另一端的第二串馈线阵;馈电贴片,设于所述馈线侧面上,与所述天线子阵的中心贴片相对设置;天线波导贴片,设于所述天线侧面上,且设于所述天线子阵的中心贴片的外周;馈电波导贴片,设于所述馈线侧面上,且设于所述馈电贴片的外周,通过多个第一金属化通孔连接于与所述馈电贴片相对设置的中心贴片外周的天线波导贴片,所述第一金属化通孔穿设于所述馈电波导贴片、所述天线基板和所述天线波导贴片。
- 根据权利要求24所述的天线,其特征在于,所述天线至少包括两个用于接收电磁波的天线子阵;所述天线还包括:至少两个哑元天线,设于所述天线侧面上,所述哑元天线与所述天线子阵平行,且所述用于接收电磁波的天线子阵位于所述至少两个哑元天线之间。
- 根据权利要求25所述的天线,其特征在于,所述哑元天线与位于所述哑元天线之间的天线子阵形状相同。
- 根据权利要求26所述的天线,其特征在于,所述哑元天线、所述天线子阵各自的第一串馈线阵和第二串馈线阵关于各自的中心贴片对称设置在所述天线侧面上。
- 根据权利要求26所述的天线,其特征在于,所述哑元天线、所述天线子阵的中心贴片的排列方向与所述第一串馈线阵的方向垂直。
- 根据权利要求26所述的天线,其特征在于,所述哑元天线和位于所述哑元天线之间的天线子阵等间隔分布,且所述哑元天线和位于所述哑元天线之间的天线子阵的排列方向与第一方向垂直,所述第一方向平行于所述天线子阵。
- 根据权利要求26-29中任一项所述的天线,其特征在于,所述馈线侧面上还设有:负载组件,设于所述馈线侧面上,并与所述哑元天线的中心贴片相对设置,与所述哑元天线的中心贴片电磁耦合。
- 根据权利要求30所述的天线,其特征在于,所述哑元天线还包括:哑元波导贴片,设于所述天线侧面上,且设于所述哑元天线的中心贴片的 外周。
- 根据权利要求31所述的天线,其特征在于,所述负载组件包括:第一贴片,设于所述馈线侧面上,并与所述哑元天线的中心贴片相对设置;第二贴片,设于所述馈线侧面上,且设于所述第一贴片的外周,通过多个第二金属化通孔连接于所述哑元天线的中心贴片外周的哑元波导贴片,所述第二金属化通孔穿设于所述天线基板;所述第一贴片和所述第二贴片部分连接。
- 根据权利要求31所述的天线,其特征在于,所述负载组件包括:负载连接贴片,设于所述馈线侧面上,并与所述哑元天线的中心贴片相对设置,与所述哑元天线的中心贴片电磁耦合;负载贴片,连接于所述负载连接贴片。
- 根据权利要求33所述的天线,其特征在于,所述馈线侧面上还设有:负载波导贴片,设于所述负载连接贴片的外周,通过多个第三金属化通孔连接于所述哑元天线的中心贴片外周的哑元波导贴片,所述第三金属化通孔穿设于所述天线基板。
- 根据权利要求33所述的天线,其特征在于,所述负载贴片通过多个金属化盲孔连接于所述天线基板。
- 根据权利要求24-29中任一项所述的天线,其特征在于,所述馈电波导贴片包括:第一空隙部,位于所述馈电波导贴片的中部;第一开口部,连通所述第一空隙部并位于所述馈电波导贴片的外部;所述馈电贴片包括:开路枝节,位于所述第一空隙部;第一阻抗变换节,位于所述第一开口部,一端连接于所述开路枝节,另一端用于连接馈线。
- 根据权利要求24-29中任一项所述的天线,其特征在于,所述天线子阵对应的馈电贴片和所述天线子阵对应的馈电波导贴片之间设有第一缝隙。
- 根据权利要求26-29中任一项所述的天线,其特征在于,所述天线子阵的中心贴片和所述天线子阵的天线波导贴片之间设有第二缝隙;所述哑元天线的中心贴片和所述哑元天线的哑元波导贴片之间设有第三缝 隙。
- 根据权利要求32所述的天线,其特征在于,所述负载组件的第一贴片和所述负载组件的第二贴片之间设有第四缝隙。
- 根据权利要求24-29中任一项所述的天线,其特征在于,所述多个第一金属化通孔环绕所述天线子阵的中心贴片设置。
- 根据权利要求32所述的天线,其特征在于,所述多个第二金属化通孔环绕所述哑元天线的中心贴片设置。
- 根据权利要求34所述的天线,其特征在于,所述多个第三金属化通孔环绕所述哑元天线的中心贴片设置。
- 根据权利要求24-29中任一项所述的天线,其特征在于,邻近所述天线侧面设置的金属隔离层对应于所述中心贴片的位置设有第一开口缝隙,邻近所述馈线侧面设置的金属隔离层对应于所述馈电贴片的位置设有第二开口缝隙,其余的金属隔离层对应于所述第一开口缝隙和所述第二开口缝隙的位置设有开窗,所述开窗的面积大于所述第一开口缝隙、第二开口缝隙的面积。
- 根据权利要求35所述的天线,其特征在于,邻近所述馈线侧面设置的金属隔离层在与所述负载贴片对应的位置设有第三开口缝隙。
- 根据权利要求34所述的天线,其特征在于,邻近所述天线侧面设置的金属隔离层对应于所述中心贴片的位置设有第一开口缝隙,邻近所述馈线侧面设置的金属隔离层对应于所述负载连接贴片的位置设有第四开口缝隙,其余的金属隔离层对应于所述第一开口缝隙和所述第四开口缝隙的位置设有开窗。
- 一种毫米波天线的天线馈电结构,其特征在于,所述结构包括:天线基板,具有天线侧面和与所述天线侧面相对设置的馈线侧面;天线子阵,设于所述天线侧面上,包括中心贴片、连接于所述中心贴片一端的第一串馈线阵和连接于所述中心贴片另一端的第二串馈线阵;天线波导贴片,设于所述天线侧面上,且设于所述天线子阵的中心贴片的外周,所述天线波导贴片通过多个穿设于所述天线基板的第一金属化通孔连接于所述馈线侧面。
- 根据权利要求46所述的结构,其特征在于,所述天线基板包括多个层叠的介质板和至少一个金属隔离层,所述金属隔离层位于相邻介质板之间。
- 根据权利要求46所述的结构,其特征在于,所述天线波导贴片与所述 天线子阵的中心贴片之间设有第二缝隙。
- 根据权利要求46-48中任一项所述的结构,其特征在于,所述结构还包括:馈电贴片,设于所述天线侧面上,与所述天线子阵的中心贴片相对设置,以与所述天线波导贴片电磁耦合。
- 根据权利要求46-48中任一项所述的结构,其特征在于,所述多个第一金属化通孔环绕所述天线子阵的中心贴片设置。
- 根据权利要求47所述的结构,其特征在于,邻近所述天线侧面设置的金属隔离层对应于所述中心贴片的位置设有第一开口缝隙,邻近所述馈线侧面设置的金属隔离层对应于所述第一开口缝隙的位置设有第二开口缝隙,其余的金属隔离层对应于所述第一开口缝隙和所述第二开口缝隙的位置设有开窗,所述开窗的面积大于所述第一开口缝隙、第二开口缝隙的面积。
- 一种毫米波天线的馈线馈电结构,其特征在于,所述结构包括:天线基板,具有天线侧面和与所述天线侧面相对设置的馈线侧面;天线子阵,设于所述天线侧面上;馈电贴片,设于所述天线侧面上,与所述天线子阵相对设置;馈电波导贴片,设于所述馈线侧面上,且设于所述馈电贴片的外周,通过多个穿设于所述天线基板的第一金属化通孔连接于所述天线侧面,以与所述天线侧面上的天线子阵电磁耦合。
- 根据权利要求52所述的结构,其特征在于,所述馈电波导贴片包括:第一空隙部,位于所述馈电波导贴片的中部;第一开口部,连通所述第一空隙部并位于所述馈电波导贴片的外部;所述馈电贴片包括:开路枝节,位于所述第一空隙部;第一阻抗变换节,位于所述第一开口部,一端连接于所述开路枝节,另一端用于连接馈线。
- 根据权利要求52所述的结构,其特征在于,所述天线基板包括多个层叠的介质板和至少一个金属隔离层,所述金属隔离层位于相邻介质板之间。
- 根据权利要求52-54中任一项所述的结构,其特征在于,所述馈电贴片和对应的馈电波导贴片之间设有第一缝隙。
- 根据权利要求52-54中任一项所述的结构,其特征在于,所述多个第一金属化通孔环绕所述馈电贴片设置。
- 根据权利要求54所述的结构,其特征在于,邻近所述馈线侧面设置的金属隔离层对应于所述馈电贴片的位置设有第二开口缝隙,邻近所述天线侧面设置的金属隔离层对应于所述第二开口缝隙的位置设有第一开口缝隙,其余的金属隔离层对应于所述第一开口缝隙和所述第二开口缝隙的位置设有开窗,所述开窗的面积大于所述第一开口缝隙、第二开口缝隙的面积。
- 一种毫米波天线的哑元天线结构,其特征在于,所述结构包括:天线基板,具有天线侧面和与所述天线侧面相对设置的馈线侧面;哑元天线,设于所述天线侧面上,包括中心贴片;负载组件,设于所述馈线侧面上,与所述哑元天线的中心贴片相对设置;哑元波导贴片,设于所述天线侧面上,且设于所述哑元天线的中心贴片的外周,所述哑元波导贴片通过多个穿设于所述天线基板的第二金属化通孔连接于所述馈线侧面,以与所述负载组件电磁耦合。
- 根据权利要求58所述的结构,其特征在于,所述负载组件包括:第一贴片,设于所述馈线侧面上,并与所述哑元天线的中心贴片相对设置;第二贴片,设于所述馈线侧面上,且设于所述第一贴片的外周;所述第二金属化通孔连通所述哑元波导贴片和所述第二贴片;所述第一贴片和所述第二贴片部分连接。
- 根据权利要求58所述的结构,其特征在于,所述负载组件包括:负载连接贴片,设于所述馈线侧面上,并与所述哑元天线的中心贴片相对设置,与所述哑元天线的中心贴片电磁耦合;负载贴片,连接于所述负载连接贴片。
- 根据权利要求60所述的结构,其特征在于,所述馈线侧面上还设有:负载波导贴片,设于所述负载连接贴片的外周,通过多个第三金属化通孔连接于所述哑元天线的中心贴片外周的哑元波导贴片,所述第三金属化通孔穿设于所述天线基板。
- 根据权利要求60所述的结构,其特征在于,所述负载贴片通过多个金属化盲孔连接于所述天线基板。
- 根据权利要求58-62中任一项所述的结构,其特征在于,所述哑元天线 的中心贴片和所述哑元天线的哑元波导贴片之间设有第三缝隙。
- 根据权利要求59所述的结构,其特征在于,所述负载组件的第一贴片和所述负载组件的第二贴片之间设有第四缝隙。
- 根据权利要求58-62中任一项所述的结构,其特征在于,所述多个第二金属化通孔环绕所述哑元天线的中心贴片设置。
- 根据权利要求61所述的结构,其特征在于,所述多个第三金属化通孔环绕所述哑元天线的中心贴片设置。
- 一种天线组件,其特征在于,包括收发机和与所述收发机电性连接的毫米波天线,所述毫米波天线包括:天线基板,具有天线侧面和与所述天线侧面相对设置的馈线侧面;天线阵列,设于所述天线侧面上,包括至少两个平行排列的天线子阵,所述天线子阵用于发射从所述馈线侧面获取的能量或者将接收的电磁波的能量传递到所述馈线侧面;其中,所述天线还包括设于所述天线侧面上的至少两个哑元天线,所述哑元天线与至少两个所述天线子阵平行,且至少两个用于接收电磁波的天线子阵位于所述至少两个哑元天线之间。
- 一种天线组件,其特征在于,包括收发机和与所述收发机电性连接的毫米波天线,所述毫米波天线包括:天线基板,具有多个层叠的介质板和至少一个金属隔离层,所述金属隔离层位于相邻介质板之间,所述多个层叠的介质板具有天线侧面和与所述天线侧面相对设置的馈线侧面;天线子阵,设于所述天线侧面上,包括中心贴片、连接于所述中心贴片一端的第一串馈线阵和连接于所述中心贴片另一端的第二串馈线阵;馈电贴片,设于所述馈线侧面上,与所述天线子阵的中心贴片相对设置;天线波导贴片,设于所述天线侧面上,且设于所述天线子阵的中心贴片的外周;馈电波导贴片,设于所述馈线侧面上,且设于所述馈电贴片的外周,通过多个第一金属化通孔连接于与所述馈电贴片相对设置的中心贴片外周的天线波导贴片,所述第一金属化通孔穿设于所述馈电波导贴片、所述天线基板和所述天线波导贴片。
- 一种毫米波雷达***,其特征在于,包括信号处理装置以及如权利要求67或68所述的天线组件;所述信号处理装置用于获取所述天线组件的收发机输出的雷达信号,对所述雷达信号进行处理得到目标物相对于所述毫米波雷达***的方位信息。
- 一种可移动平台,其特征在于,包括信号处理装置以及如权利要求67或68所述的天线组件;所述信号处理装置用于获取所述天线组件的收发机输出的雷达信号,对所述雷达信号进行处理得到目标物相对于所述毫米波雷达***的方位信息。
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