WO2021093080A1 - 用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021093080A1 WO2021093080A1 PCT/CN2019/125782 CN2019125782W WO2021093080A1 WO 2021093080 A1 WO2021093080 A1 WO 2021093080A1 CN 2019125782 W CN2019125782 W CN 2019125782W WO 2021093080 A1 WO2021093080 A1 WO 2021093080A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- polyvinyl alcohol
- pva
- woven fabric
- machine
- alcohol fiber
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- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/18—Synthetic fibres consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/24—Polymers or copolymers of alkenylalcohols or esters thereof; Polymers or copolymers of alkenylethers, acetals or ketones
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
- D06M2200/50—Modified hand or grip properties; Softening compositions
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of fiber composite material preparation, in particular to a method for preparing a polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material for machine-made products.
- polyvinyl alcohol As an environmentally friendly material, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been rapidly developed and applied in many fields in recent years.
- Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) material has a rich source of raw materials and a relatively mature production process, especially in the field of fiber production and application.
- polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric After acetal treatment, it is directly used to produce polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric, which is also an area that has been rapidly developed and applied in recent years. Due to its water-soluble and environmentally friendly properties, polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabrics have begun to replace non-woven fabrics made of plastic synthetic resin as raw materials in many fields, such as shoemaking, leather making, mattresses, mother and child quilts, decoration, and chemicals. , Printing, automotive, building materials, furniture and other industries, and clothing interlining, medical and health disposable surgical gowns, masks, caps, bed sheets, hotel disposable tablecloths, beauty, sauna and even today's fashionable gift bags, boutique bags, shopping bags, advertising Bags and so on. Especially in the one-time use application field, it can completely replace the traditional plastic synthetic resin non-woven fabric, and make the product more environmentally friendly.
- the polyvinyl alcohol solution is wet-spinned, and the resulting nascent fiber is coagulated in an alkaline coagulation bath, and then becomes fiber after neutralization, water washing, multi-stage high-stretching and heat treatment.
- Polyvinyl alcohol fiber with excellent mechanical properties not only has high strength and high modulus, but also has very good fiber dispersion. This fiber can be used to produce polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabrics of various specifications.
- polyvinyl alcohol As we all know, because the melting point of polyvinyl alcohol is as high as 220-230°C, and under heated conditions, polyvinyl alcohol begins to be unstable and decomposes at 180°C. As the temperature continues to rise, not only the decomposition intensifies, but also cross-linking occurs; Therefore, pure polyvinyl alcohol does not have thermoplastic processing and molding properties under normal circumstances.
- pure polyvinyl alcohol materials cannot be like general thermoplastics polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), Polyester (PET), nylon (PA), etc., achieve melt spinning (melt spinning) through its thermoplasticity: that is, melt extrusion spinning (melt extruded fabric), melt blown spinning (melt blown spinning), and melting Spunbond (Melt spunbond) and other methods are used to prepare polyvinyl alcohol fibers and non-woven fabrics; even the polyvinyl alcohol fibers spun by the wet method (solution spinning) do not have thermoplasticity, so the wet-spun polyethylene
- the polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric produced by alcohol fiber also has no thermoplastic heat sealing performance; this is one of the biggest shortcomings of polyvinyl alcohol fiber and non-woven fabric, that is, it cannot be like other commonly used thermoplastic synthetic resins.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a sizing modification treatment method for polyvinyl alcohol fibers in the process of producing non-woven fabrics in view of the deficiencies of existing materials and technologies.
- the polyvinyl alcohol fiber used in the present invention refers to a fiber produced by a wet spinning (solution spinning) method. Same below. This material does not have thermoplasticity and heat sealing properties before the implementation of the technology of the present invention.
- Such polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite materials are collectively referred to as polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric materials when they appear in product form (the same below).
- the present invention adopts a feasible technical solution to modify the polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric in the production process to obtain the same thermoplastic and heat-seal properties at one time, so that the non-woven fabric produced meets these technical requirements and Performance, without the need to modify the polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric for the second time.
- the invention provides a method for preparing polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material (non-woven fabric) for machine-made products, including the following steps: in the process of preparing the non-woven fabric, a sizing modification liquid (agent) is used Gluing and compounding treatment is carried out with the polyvinyl alcohol fiber raw material to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material (non-woven fabric) for machine-made products.
- a sizing modification liquid agent
- Gluing and compounding treatment is carried out with the polyvinyl alcohol fiber raw material to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material (non-woven fabric) for machine-made products.
- the present invention aims at the defects of the existing polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabrics.
- the polyvinyl alcohol fibers are glued, so that the heat-sealability of the polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabrics can be as traditional Thermoplastic synthetic resin non-woven fabrics can be processed in the process of automatic heat sealing processing machinery to achieve heat sealing, or ultrasonic welding of edge sealing, sealing, bag making and other products, thereby greatly improving its processing efficiency and reducing costs.
- the polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite material provided by the present invention is collectively referred to as polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric material when it appears in the form of a product;
- the non-woven fabric prepared by the present invention (polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material for machine-made products) is suitable for automation Machinery manufactures various products such as heat sealing, ultrasonic welding sealing, edge sealing, bag making and so on.
- the preparation method of the non-woven fabric includes a hot-rolling non-woven fabric preparation process (as shown in FIG. 1), a needle-punched non-woven fabric preparation process (as shown in FIG. 2), and a spunlace non-woven fabric Preparation process (shown in Figure 3), wet non-woven fabric preparation process (ie paper-making non-woven fabric preparation process, as shown in Figure 4) and dry non-woven fabric preparation process (ie air-laid method, as shown in Figure 4) As shown in 5).
- the preparation method of polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material for machine-made products provided by the present invention can be used in the above five non-woven fabric preparation processes when the polyvinyl alcohol fiber raw material is subjected to sizing and composite modification treatment.
- the process is carried out, including the pre-sizing modification treatment of the polyvinyl alcohol fiber in the early stage, and the sizing modification treatment in any process section before the setting process in the preparation process of the non-woven fabric.
- the preparation method of the polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material for machine-made products includes the following Steps: After opening, carding, and mechanical spreading, the polyvinyl alcohol fiber material enters the pre-wet zone, is treated in the pre-wet zone, and then sent to the low-temperature drying zone for surface drying, enters the hot-rolling drying and reinforcement, and is heated by the shaping roll Compression setting and embossing; cooling roll cooling, flattening and winding are the polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified materials used for machine-made products, and the sizing and composite treatment can be carried out in any combination of processes before setting.
- the preparation method of the polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material for machine-made products includes the following Step: After opening, carding, mechanical or air-laid, the polyvinyl alcohol fiber raw material enters pre-needling, the main needling is used to form a cloth, and then it is sent to the shaping zone for shaping treatment, and then enters the calendering; the cooling roller cools the shape and expands.
- Flat winding is the polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material for machine-made products; the sizing and composite treatment can be carried out in any combination of processes before setting.
- the preparation method of the polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material for machine-made products includes the following Steps: After opening, carding, mechanical or air-laid, the polyvinyl alcohol fiber material enters the spunlace into cloth, and then undergoes squeezing, dehydration, drying, calendering (optional), shaping treatment, cooling roller cooling, shaping, and spreading.
- Flat winding is the polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material for machine-made products; the sizing and composite treatment can be carried out in any process before setting.
- the preparation method of the polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material for machine-made products includes the following steps : After opening the polyvinyl alcohol fiber raw material into the refiner for mechanical grinding to prepare polyvinyl alcohol fiber slurry; the ground slurry is transported to the storage tank for standby; then it is sent to the Internet, forming, squeezing, and drying Drying, finishing, and winding are the polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified materials for machine-made products; the sizing and composite treatment can be carried out in any process before forming.
- the preparation method of the non-woven fabric is a dry non-woven fabric preparation process (as shown in FIG. 5)
- the preparation method of the polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material for machine-made products includes the following steps : After opening, carding and combing the raw material of polyvinyl alcohol fiber, the finished polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric for machine-made products is formed by air conveying and air laying, forming, finishing and setting, and winding; The sizing compound treatment can be carried out in any process before setting.
- the preparation method of the non-woven fabric is a spunlace non-woven fabric preparation process, a needle-punched non-woven fabric preparation process or a hot-rolling non-woven fabric preparation process
- the dryness of the sizing modification liquid The weight is 5-100 wt% of the dry weight of the polyvinyl alcohol fiber raw material; the polyvinyl alcohol fiber raw material is a short fiber produced by wet spinning of 03-3.0 denier and 2-78 mm.
- the dry weight of the sizing modification liquid is 5 percent of the dry weight of the polyvinyl alcohol fiber raw material. -100wt%; the raw material of the polyvinyl alcohol fiber is short fiber produced by wet spinning of 0.5-3.0 denier and 0.5-8mm.
- the sizing modification liquid is prepared by compounding and modifying the main raw material polyvinyl alcohol; the preparation of the sizing modification liquid includes: combining polyvinyl alcohol, a composite plasticizer, and a low-temperature toughening agent , The filler, the penetrant, the antifungal agent and water are mixed, the temperature is raised under agitation for heating treatment, and then the temperature is lowered for homogenization treatment, and cooled to room temperature to obtain the sizing modified liquid.
- the sizing modification liquid in parts by mass, includes the following components:
- the degree of alcoholysis of the polyvinyl alcohol is 85%-99%; the degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is 300-2600; the models of the polyvinyl alcohol are PVA-0385, PVA-0585, PVA- 1085, PVA-1385, PVA-1585, PVA-1785, PVA-2085, PVA-2285, PVA-2485, PVA-0395, PVA-0595, PVA-1095, PVA-1395, PVA-1595, PVA-1795, PVA-2095, PVA-2295, PVA-2495, PVA-2695, PVA-0388, PVA-0588, PVA-1088, PVA-1388, PVA-1588, PVA-1788, PVA-2088, PVA-2288, PVA- One or more of 2488, PVA-0399, PVA-0599, PVA-1099, PVA-1399, PVA-1599, PVA-1799, PVA-2099, PVA-2299, PVA-2499, etc.
- the plasticizer is a water-soluble polyol;
- the water-soluble polyol is an alcohol containing two or more hydroxyl groups in the molecule, and its general formula is C n H 2n +2-x(OH) x , X ⁇ 3;
- the water-soluble polyol includes one of glycerol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, trimethylolethane, xylitol and sorbitol The above;
- the auxiliary plasticizer (assistant plasticizer) is a type of polyol derivatives modified by carboxyl groups, and the auxiliary plasticizer is a polyether polyol with a molecular weight of 800-3000 modified by carboxyl groups Anionic derivative; the auxiliary plasticizer is K
- the low-temperature toughening agent is ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymer polyether; the molecular weight of the low-temperature toughening agent is 3000-20000; the low-temperature toughening agent is EPOB produced by Guangzhou Lite New Material Technology Co., Ltd. -30E, EPOB-50E, EPOB-80E, EPOB-15F, EPOB-20F, etc.; the filler is a stable and inert inorganic powder, and the mesh number of the filler is ⁇ 5000 mesh; the filler is One of clay, kaolin, diatomaceous earth, calcium silicate powder, talc, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, white carbon black, barium sulfate, light calcium carbonate and heavy calcium carbonate.
- the penetrant is a low-foaming wetting penetrant, and the penetrant is a surfactant that can reduce the surface energy of the solid material and make the solid material easy to be wetted and penetrated by the sizing modification liquid;
- the penetrant It is one of EASYTECH ST-5000, EASYTECH ST-5020, EASYTECH ST-5100, EASYTECH ST-5030, EASYTECH ST-5040 and EASYTECH ST-5060 produced by Shanghai Sangjing Chemical Co., Ltd.;
- the antifungal agent is propionic acid One of calcium, sodium sorbate, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate and dimethyl fumarate.
- the penetrant can be used to improve the performance uniformity of the polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material for machine-made products during the preparation process.
- the water is deionized purified water for industrial use.
- the stirring rate in the stirring state is 60-200 rpm; the temperature of the heating treatment is 95-100 degrees Celsius, and the time of the heating treatment is 2-4 hours; the temperature of the homogenization treatment is At 90 degrees Celsius, the time for heat preservation and homogenization is 0.5-1.0 hours.
- the gram weight GSM of the polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material for machine-made products provided by the present invention is 12-100 g/m 2 .
- Such polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite materials are collectively referred to as polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric materials when they appear in the form of products (the same below); the polyvinyl alcohol fiber non-woven fabric prepared by the present invention is suitable for automatic mechanical manufacturing of various ultrasonic welding, sealing and sealing Various products such as edge, bag making and so on.
- the sizing and modification treatment method of polyvinyl alcohol fiber for machine-made products provided by the present invention is suitable for the following production processes and methods.
- the hot-rolling method non-woven fabric preparation process is shown in Figure 1, which includes the following steps:
- the polyvinyl alcohol fiber material After being opened, carded, and mechanically laid, the polyvinyl alcohol fiber material enters the pre-wet zone, is processed in the pre-wet zone, and then sent to the low-temperature drying zone for surface drying, enters the hot rolling drying and reinforcement, and is hot-pressed and shaped by the shaping roller. Embossing; cooling roll cooling, flattening and winding is the finished modified polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric prepared by the present invention.
- the sizing modification treatment method used in the invention is implemented: it can be carried out in any process of the above-mentioned non-woven fabric preparation, including the pre-sizing modification treatment on the polyvinyl alcohol fiber in the early stage, and the non-woven fabric preparation process before the setting process Gluing modification treatment is carried out in any process section.
- the polyvinyl alcohol fiber and the modified glue are combined to form a modified polyvinyl alcohol fiber non-woven fabric, and the amount of glue in the processing is ( Dry weight) is 5-100% of polyvinyl alcohol fiber (dry weight).
- the raw material of polyvinyl alcohol fiber used in machine-made products is 0.5-3 denier, 2-78mm wet-spinning short fiber.
- the raw material of polyvinyl alcohol fiber After opening, carding, and mechanical (or airflow) spreading, the raw material of polyvinyl alcohol fiber enters pre-needling, the main needling to form a cloth, and then it is sent to the shaping zone for shaping treatment, and then enters the calendering; the cooling roller is cooled and flattened. Rewinding is the finished modified polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric prepared by the present invention.
- the sizing modification treatment method used in the present invention can be implemented in any process of the above-mentioned non-woven fabric preparation, including the pre-sizing modification treatment on the polyvinyl alcohol fiber in the early stage, and the non-woven fabric preparation process before the setting process Gluing modification treatment is carried out in any process section.
- the polyvinyl alcohol fiber and the modified glue are combined to form a modified polyvinyl alcohol fiber non-woven fabric, and the amount of glue in the processing is ( Dry weight) is 5-100% of polyvinyl alcohol fiber (dry weight).
- the raw material of polyvinyl alcohol fiber used in machine-made products is 0.5-3 denier, 2-78mm wet-spinning short fiber.
- the raw material of polyvinyl alcohol fiber After opening, carding, and mechanical (or airflow) spreading, the raw material of polyvinyl alcohol fiber enters into the water to form a cloth, and then is dried, sent to calender (optional), and shaped.
- the cooling roller is cooled and shaped, flattened and rewinded. It is the finished modified polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric prepared by the present invention.
- the sizing modification treatment method used in the present invention can be implemented in any process of the above-mentioned non-woven fabric preparation, including the pre-sizing modification treatment on the polyvinyl alcohol fiber in the early stage, and the non-woven fabric preparation process before the setting process Gluing modification treatment is carried out in any process section.
- the polyvinyl alcohol fiber and the modified glue are combined to form a modified polyvinyl alcohol fiber non-woven fabric, and the amount of glue in the processing is ( Dry weight) is 5-100% of polyvinyl alcohol fiber (dry weight).
- the raw material of polyvinyl alcohol fiber used in machine-made products is 0.5-3 denier, 2-78mm wet-spinning short fiber.
- the raw material of polyvinyl alcohol fiber enters the refiner together with the sizing modifier (agent) to be mechanically ground to prepare polyvinyl alcohol fiber slurry; the ground slurry is transported to the storage tank for standby; Feeding, forming, squeezing, drying, finishing, and rewinding are PVA non-woven fabrics used for machine-made products.
- the sizing modifier agent
- the sizing modification treatment used in the present invention can also be carried out in any process of the wet method (papermaking method) non-woven fabric preparation, including the pre-sizing modification treatment of the polyvinyl alcohol fiber and the preparation process of the non-woven fabric.
- Gluing modification treatment is carried out in any process section before the middle forming process.
- the polyvinyl alcohol fiber and the modified glue are combined to form a modified polyvinyl alcohol fiber non-woven fabric, and the amount of glue in the processing is ( Dry weight) is 5-100% of polyvinyl alcohol fiber (dry weight).
- the raw material of polyvinyl alcohol fiber used in machine-made products is 0.5-3 denier, short fiber produced by wet spinning of 0.5-8mm.
- the dry method (air-laid method) non-woven fabric preparation process is shown in Figure 5, which includes the following steps: After the polyvinyl alcohol fiber raw material is opened, carded, and combed, it is conveyed by air flow and air laid. , Forming; then use the sizing modification solution for sizing treatment, the method can be spraying, coating, dipping, padding and other sizing processes, the sizing modified non-woven fabric is dried and finished The finished product of polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric is used for machine-made products after shaping and winding.
- the sizing and modification treatment used in the present invention can also be carried out in any process of the above-mentioned dry method (papermaking method) non-woven fabric preparation, including the pre-sizing modification treatment of polyvinyl alcohol fibers and the preparation process of non-woven fabrics.
- Gluing modification treatment is carried out in any process section before the middle drying finishing and shaping process.
- the polyvinyl alcohol fiber and the modified glue are combined to form a modified polyvinyl alcohol fiber non-woven fabric, and the amount of glue in the processing is ( Dry weight) is 5-100% of polyvinyl alcohol fiber (dry weight).
- the raw material of polyvinyl alcohol fiber used in this process is 0.5-3 denier, 0.5-8mm mixed short fiber produced by wet spinning.
- the sizing modifier (agent) for polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabrics used in machine-made products is prepared by compounding and modifying the main raw material polyvinyl alcohol, including the main material polyvinyl alcohol, compound plasticizer, and low-temperature toughening Mixing agent, filler, penetrating agent, anti-fungal agent and water (mixed in a dissolving vessel with stirring and heating device), heating up under agitation and heating treatment to ensure that the polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved, and then undergoing heat preservation treatment and cooling At room temperature, the material is discharged for later use, and the sizing modification liquid (agent) of the polyvinyl alcohol fiber is obtained.
- the above-mentioned sizing modification liquid (agent) for polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric used for machine-made products, in parts by weight includes the following components:
- the polyvinyl alcohol as the main raw material for the sizing modification liquid (agent) for the polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric used in machine-made products has a degree of alcoholysis of 85% to 99%; and the degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is 300-2600; all water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol models, such as PVA-0385, PVA-0585, PVA-1085, PVA-1385, PVA-1585, PVA-1785, PVA-2085, PVA-2285, PVA-2485, PVA-0395, PVA-0595, PVA-1095, PVA-1395, PVA-1595, PVA-1795, PVA-2095, PVA-2295, PVA-2495, PVA-2695, PVA-0388, PVA-0588, PVA- 1088, PVA-1388, PVA-1588, PVA-1788, PVA-2088, PVA-2288, PVA-2488, PVA-0399, PVA-0599, PVA-1099, PVA
- the compound plasticizer used in the sizing modification liquid (agent) for the polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric used in machine-made products is composed of a main plasticizer and an auxiliary plasticizer, and the main plasticizer is water-soluble
- the water-soluble polyols are alcohols containing two or more hydroxyl groups in the molecule, and the general formula is CnH2n+2-x(OH)x, x ⁇ 3;
- the water-soluble polyols Alcohols include one or more of glycerol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, trimethylolethane, xylitol and sorbitol; main plasticizer
- the source is abundant and the price is low.
- the invention adopts the compounding method of synergistic auxiliary plasticization, so that the main plasticizer can be added in a large amount to improve the effective plasticization of the polyvinyl alcohol fiber, and the polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric after the effective plasticization of the invention can achieve stability , Excellent thermoplastic properties.
- the compound plasticizer for the sizing modification liquid (agent) for the polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric used in machine-made products is composed of a main plasticizer and a co-plasticizer
- the co-plasticizer is A class of carboxyl-modified polyol derivatives, which are derived from polyether polyols with a molecular weight of 800-3000 and carboxyl-modified, including K-203PE, K-203PE and K-produced by Guangzhou Zaisen New Material Technology Co., Ltd.
- K series represents the introduction of alkali metal potassium after carboxyl modification
- Na series is sodium salt ;
- the carboxyl content is 3%-12%.
- it is a plasticizer with anionic surfactant, an anionic polyether modified derivative with strong polarity, which can effectively destroy the crystals in the molecular chain of polyvinyl alcohol, thereby making non-ionic polyvalent Alcohol plasticizer (primary plasticizer) enters the molecular chain in large quantities for effective plasticization, and forms a stable plasticizing system with the primary plasticizer without migration and precipitation.
- the compound plasticizer used in the sizing modification liquid (agent) for the polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric used in machine-made products is composed of a main plasticizer and an auxiliary plasticizer, and the main plasticizer and auxiliary plasticizer
- the above-mentioned polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric used for machine-made products uses a sizing modification liquid (agent) with a low-temperature toughening agent to protect polyethylene
- the modification of the flexibility of the alcohol non-woven fabric at low temperature can also greatly improve its soft and comfortable feel; including EPOB-30E, EPOB-50E, EPOB-80E produced by Guangzhou Lite New Material Technology Co., Ltd. , EPOB-15F, EPOB-20F, etc.; is a kind of ethylenediamine/propylene oxide polyether or ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolyether; molecular weight is 3000-20000.
- the filler for the sizing modification liquid (agent) for the polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric used for machine-made products is a stable and inert inorganic powder, and the mesh number of the inorganic filler is ⁇ 5000 mesh;
- the filler is one of clay, kaolin, diatomaceous earth, calcium silicate powder, talc, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, white carbon black, barium sulfate, light calcium carbonate and heavy calcium carbonate.
- the use of filler is mainly to improve the flatness and stiffness of the surface of the non-woven fabric.
- the above-mentioned wetting penetrant for sizing modifier liquid (agent) for polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabrics used in machine-made products belongs to a low-foam type wetting penetrant, which can reduce the surface energy of solid materials and make solid materials easier
- the surface active agent that is wetted and penetrated by the sizing modification liquid (agent) can improve the performance uniformity of the modified polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric of the present invention, including the EASYTECH ST-5000, produced by Shanghai Sangjing Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the anti-mold agent for the sizing modification liquid (agent) for the polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric used in machine-made products is calcium propionate, sodium sorbate, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate and dimethyl fumarate One of the others.
- the water used for the sizing modification liquid (agent) for the polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric used for machine-made products is industrial deionized purified water.
- the preparation method of the sizing modification liquid (agent) for the polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric for machine-made products all the materials are mixed in a dissolving vessel with a stirring and heating device; in a stirring state The temperature is increased for heating and dissolution to ensure that the polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved, and then the temperature is kept for homogenization. After completion, it is cooled to room temperature, and the material is discharged for later use to obtain the sizing modification liquid for polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabrics for machine-made products ( Agent).
- the stirring rate in the stirring state is 60-200 rpm; the heating treatment The temperature is 95-100 degrees Celsius, and the heat treatment time is 2-4 hours; the temperature of the heat preservation and homogenization treatment is 90 degrees Celsius, and the time of the heat preservation and homogenization treatment is 0.5-1.0 hours.
- the application field of the polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric (polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material for machine-made products) prepared by the present invention can cover and replace the industrial and civilian product fields prepared by traditional non-woven fabrics and textile fabrics, Including shoes, leather, mattresses, quilts, decoration, chemicals, printing, automobiles, building materials, furniture and other industries; such as non-woven fabrics and textile fabrics used in the manufacture of clothing interlinings, medical and health disposable surgical gowns, Masks, caps, bed sheets, hotel disposable tablecloths, beauty saunas and even today's fashionable gift bags, boutique bags, shopping bags and advertising bags, etc., especially in the field of disposable products, various shopping bags, fast-moving consumer goods packaging fields, Take-away packaging, etc., polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabrics can completely cover and replace these traditional plastic synthetic resin non-woven fabrics and textile fabrics, making the products more environmentally friendly.
- the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
- the polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material for machine-made products provided by the present invention has excellent heat-seal performance.
- the sizing modifier provided by the present invention makes the polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified with two The heat-sealing performance of the secondary processing is conducive to the realization of automatic mechanical edge sealing, sealing and continuous bag making processes, thereby greatly improving the efficiency of product processing and reducing costs;
- the polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material for machine-made products provided by the present invention has stronger fiber knots, thereby further improving its mechanical properties;
- the polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material for machine-made products provided by the present invention is treated by adding a sizing modification solution to increase the elongation at break of the polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric, thereby making the polyvinyl alcohol Vinyl alcohol non-woven fabric is softer, more comfortable and feels better.
- the polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material for machine-made products prepared by the present invention has the characteristics of more uniformity and smoothness, and is more suitable for automated mechanical high-speed preparation Various products.
- the polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric composite modified by the sizing modification solution of the present invention has a lower water solubility temperature, and the fiber that originally required 95°C high temperature water solubility can be dissolved in water at 80-90°C.
- Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of preparing the polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material for machine-made products by adopting the hot-rolling method non-woven fabric preparation process;
- Figure 2 is a process flow diagram of the polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material for machine-made products using a needle-punched non-woven fabric preparation process
- Figure 3 is a process flow chart of the process of preparing the polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material for machine-made products by adopting the spunlace method non-woven fabric preparation process;
- Figure 4 is a process flow chart of the process of preparing the polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material for machine-made products by adopting a wet non-woven fabric preparation process
- Fig. 5 is a process flow diagram when a dry non-woven fabric preparation process is used to prepare the polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material for machine-made products.
- weight unit can be grams, kilograms, etc., and can also be any other amount commonly used in the art.
- the co-plasticizer used is a type of carboxyl-modified polyol derivatives, which are carboxyl-modified derivatives of polyether polyols with a molecular weight of 800-3000, including Guangzhou Zaisen One of K-203PE, K-205PE, K-208PE, K-212PE, Na-203PE, Na-205PE, Na-208PE, Na-212PE produced by New Material Technology Co., Ltd.
- the wetting penetrant used belongs to a low-foaming wetting penetrant, which can reduce the surface energy of solid materials and make the solid materials (fibers) more easily wetted and penetrated by the sizing modifier liquid (agent).
- the surfactant can improve The performance uniformity of the modified polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric preparation process of the present invention. It is one of EASYTECH ST-5000, EASYTECH ST-5020, EASYTECH ST-5100, EASYTECHST-5030, EASYTECH ST-5040 and EASYTECH ST-5060 produced by Shanghai Sangjing Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the low temperature toughening agent used is one of EPOB-30E, EPOB-50E, EPOB-80E, EPOB-15F, EPOB-20F produced by Guangzhou Lite New Material Technology Co., Ltd.
- the polyvinyl alcohol fiber used refers to a fiber produced by a wet spinning (solution spinning) method.
- the mesh number of the inorganic filler used is ⁇ 5000 mesh.
- a preparation method of polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material for machine-made products including the following steps:
- the sizing modification liquid (agent) for the polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric used for machine-made products, in parts by weight, includes the following components:
- the stirring and heating device After the above components are separately measured, they are added to the dissolving vessel with stirring and heating device, the stirring is started, the stirring rate is 200 rpm, and the heating is started, and the temperature is raised to the temperature range of 95 °C, in this temperature range Keep it for 4 hours to ensure that the polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved, cool to 90° C. and heat for 0.5 hour for homogenization, and then cool to room temperature and discharge the material for later use to obtain the sizing modification liquid (agent).
- the raw material of polyvinyl alcohol fiber enters the pre-wet zone after opening, carding, and mechanical spreading, and is treated in the pre-wet zone, and then the polyvinyl alcohol fiber is modified with a sizing modifier.
- the treatment is carried out in the preparation process.
- After the pre-wet zone it is modified by dipping and gluing, and then sent to the low-temperature drying zone for surface drying, then enters the hot-rolling drying and strengthening, and is hot-pressed and shaped and embossed by the shaping roller; the cooling roller is cooled, flattened and rewinded, which is the invention
- the prepared polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric product for machine-made products that is, polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material for machine-made products.
- the blank sample is a polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric with the same GSM, the same below.
- Example 1 it can be seen from the above data that the polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric prepared in Example 1 not only has better mechanical properties than the blank sample, but also has a lower water solubility temperature. Under the same time condition, Example 1 can be completely dissolved at 80°C water temperature; the blank sample needs 95°C water temperature to achieve complete dissolution.
- a preparation method of polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material for machine-made products including the following steps:
- step 1 The prepared polyvinyl alcohol rubber-free woven fabric modification solution is prepared by needle punching non-woven fabric preparation and processing technology to prepare polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric for machine-made products.
- the process flow is shown in Figure 2. .
- the polyvinyl alcohol fiber material After opening and carding, the polyvinyl alcohol fiber material is sprayed and glued with a sizing modifier in the mechanical (or airflow) laying process, and then enters the pre-needling, the main needling is used to form a cloth, and then it is sent to the drying and setting
- the zone is shaped and calendered; the cooling roller is cooled, shaped, flattened and rewinded, which is the finished product of the polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric for machine-made products prepared by the present invention (that is, the polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified for machine-made products) material).
- the blank sample is a polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric with the same GSM, the same below.
- Example 2 not only has better mechanical properties than the blank sample, but also has excellent heat sealing performance; and has a lower water solubility temperature. Under the same time conditions, Example 2 can be completely dissolved at a water temperature of 90°C; the blank sample needs a water temperature of 95°C or higher to achieve complete dissolution.
- a preparation method of polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material for machine-made products including the following steps:
- step 1 The prepared polyvinyl alcohol adhesive-free woven fabric modification solution is prepared through the spunlace non-woven fabric preparation process to prepare polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric for machine-made products.
- the process flow is shown in Figure 3. .
- the raw material of polyvinyl alcohol fiber enters into the water-formed fabric after opening, carding, and mechanical (or airflow) spreading.
- the non-woven fabric is modified by double-sided roll coating and gluing process, and then dried , Sending into calendering (optional), setting treatment, cooling roller cooling setting, flattening and rewinding is the finished product of the polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric for machine-made products prepared by the present invention (that is, the polyvinyl alcohol used for machine-made products) Fiber composite modified materials).
- the blank sample is a polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric with the same GSM, the same below.
- Example 3 not only has better mechanical properties than the blank sample, but also has excellent heat sealing performance; and has a lower water solubility temperature. Under the same time conditions, Example 3 can be completely dissolved at a water temperature of 85°C; for the blank sample, the water temperature above 95°C can be completely dissolved.
- the preparation of polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric for machine-made products includes the following steps:
- step 1 The prepared polyvinyl alcohol adhesive-free woven fabric modification solution is prepared through the wet method (papermaking method) non-woven fabric preparation process to prepare polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric for machine-made products.
- the process flow is shown in the figure 4 shown.
- the raw material of polyvinyl alcohol fiber After being opened, the raw material of polyvinyl alcohol fiber enters the refiner for mechanical grinding to prepare polyvinyl alcohol fiber slurry; the ground slurry is transported to the storage tank for standby; then it is sent to the Internet, forming, squeezed, dried, After finishing and winding, the late-stage gluing modification treatment is carried out: after the gluing modification compound is carried out by the padding gluing process, it is the finished product of the polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric for machine-made products prepared by the present invention (that is, used for The polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material of machine-made products).
- the blank sample is a polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric with the same GSM, the same below.
- Example 4 not only has better mechanical properties than the blank sample, but also has excellent heat sealing performance; and has a lower water solubility temperature. Under the same time condition, Example 4 can be completely dissolved at 86°C water temperature; the blank sample needs 95°C or higher water temperature to achieve complete dissolution.
- the preparation of polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric for machine-made products includes the following steps:
- step 1 The prepared polyvinyl alcohol adhesive-free woven fabric modification solution is prepared through a dry method (air-laid method) non-woven fabric preparation process to prepare a polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric for machine-made products.
- the process flow As shown in Figure 5.
- the raw materials of polyvinyl alcohol fiber are conveyed by air flow and laid and formed by air flow; then, the sizing modification liquid is used for sizing treatment, and the double-sided roller coating method is adopted for sizing process.
- the glue-modified non-woven fabric is dried, finished, shaped, and wound into a finished polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric for machine-made products (ie, polyvinyl alcohol fiber composite modified material for machine-made products).
- the blank sample is a polyvinyl alcohol non-woven fabric with the same GSM, the same below.
- Example 5 not only has better mechanical properties than the blank sample, but also has excellent heat sealing performance; and has a lower water solubility temperature. Under the same time conditions, Example 5 can be completely dissolved at 86°C water temperature; the blank sample needs 95°C or higher water temperature to achieve complete dissolution.
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Abstract
用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法。该方法通过在无纺布制备过程使用上胶改性液(剂)与湿法纺丝生产的聚乙烯醇纤维进行上胶复合而制备，适用的加工工艺包括热轧法无纺布制备工艺，针刺法无纺布制备工艺，水刺法无纺布制备工艺，湿法(造纸法)无纺布制备工艺，干法(气流铺网法)无纺布制备工艺。上胶改性液(剂)，按重量份数计，包括如下组分：聚乙烯醇100；复合增塑剂20-100；低温增韧剂3-8；填料1-5；湿润渗透剂0.2-1.0；防霉剂0.3-1.0；水350-550。经以上工艺制备的的无纺布能改善其热封性能和强化机械物理性能，使其手感也得到改善。
Description
本发明涉及纤维复合材料制备领域，具体涉及一种用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法。
聚乙烯醇(PVA)作为一种环境友好型材料，近年来在许多领域得到了快速发展和应用。聚乙烯醇(PVA)材料有着丰富的原料来源和较为成熟的生产工艺，尤其在纤维的生产和应用领域，以聚乙烯醇为主要原料而生产的维尼纶纤维，成熟的生产工艺都是采取湿法纺丝即水溶液纺丝法进行，而聚乙烯醇无纺布的制备则是在生产维尼纶前段工序中，聚乙烯醇(PVA)经湿纺凝固浴成型后的聚乙烯醇纤维，不继续经缩醛处理而直接用于生产聚乙烯醇无纺布，也是近年得到了快速发展和应用的领域。由于聚乙烯醇无纺布具有水溶性和环境友好的属性，在许多领域开始取代以塑料合成树脂为原料制造的无纺布，如制鞋、制革、床垫、子母被、装饰、化工、印刷、汽车、建材，家具等行业，及服装衬布，医疗卫生一次性手术衣，口罩，帽，床单，酒店一次性台布，美容，桑拿乃至当今时尚的礼品袋，精品袋，购物袋，广告袋等等。特别是一次性使用的应用领域，可以完全取代传统的塑料合成树脂无纺布，而使产品更具有环保性。
由聚乙烯醇纤维的制备技术和工艺可知，聚乙烯醇溶液经湿法纺丝，所得初生纤维在碱性凝固浴中凝固，经中和、水洗和多段高倍拉伸和热处理后成纤，得到具有优异机械性能的聚乙烯醇纤维，不但强度高，模量高，而且纤维的分散性也非常好。采用此纤维可生产出各种规格的聚乙烯醇无纺布。
众所周知，由于聚乙烯醇熔点高达220-230℃，而在受热条件下，聚乙烯醇于180℃就开始出现不稳定和分解，随着温度的继续上升不但分解加剧，而且伴随着交联产生；所以，纯的聚乙烯醇在一般情况下是不具有热塑性加工成型属性的，所以，目前条件下，纯的聚乙烯醇材料不可能像一般热塑性塑料聚丙烯(PP )、聚乙烯(PE)、聚酯(PET)、尼龙(PA)等一样通过其具有的热塑性实现熔融纺丝(Melt spinning)：即熔融挤出纺丝(Melt extruded fabric)、熔喷纺丝(Melt blown spinning)、和熔融纺粘(Melt spunbond)等方法来制备聚乙烯醇纤维和无纺布织物；就是经过湿法(溶液纺丝)纺丝的聚乙烯醇纤维也不具备热塑性，所以由湿法纺丝的聚乙烯醇纤维生产的聚乙烯醇无纺布也完全不具备热塑热封性能；这是聚乙烯醇纤维和无纺布最大的缺陷之一，即不能像其他常用的热塑性塑料合成树脂所制备的无纺布那样具有优良的热封性能，使其在应用领域受到一定的限制，如无纺布的后期制品加工：封边、封口、制袋等等，只能进行传统的人工缝合而不是由自动化热封制袋加工机械的工艺实现。这样就导致了加工效率低下、成本剧增。
为了解决上述聚乙烯醇无纺布不具备热塑性的缺陷，近年来也有通过对聚乙烯醇无纺布成型后的后加工改性处理而获得热塑性，使之能适用于通过热封、超声波焊接等方法封边、封口、制袋等等性能，如专利CN108221386A、CN109295726A、CN109371681A等是通过对聚乙烯醇无纺布的第二次加工改性，即后期浸轧整理而获得热塑性；专利CN108729246A同样也是通过对成型后的聚乙烯醇无纺布进行第二次加工，即通过涂覆复合的方式获得聚乙烯醇无纺布的热封性能。但以上的方法均是需要通过二次加工改性的，无法直接获得具有热塑、热封性能的改性聚乙烯醇纤维复合材料。
发明概述
问题的解决方案
本发明的目的在于针对现有材料和技术的不足，提供了聚乙烯醇纤维在生产无纺布过程中的上胶改性处理方法。本发明使用的聚乙烯醇纤维是指由湿法纺丝(溶液纺丝)法生产的纤维。下同。此材料在本发明技术实施前是不具备热塑性和热封性能的。这种聚乙烯醇纤维复合材料以产品形式出现时统称为聚乙烯醇无纺布材料(下同)。
本发明是通过可行的技术方案，在聚乙烯醇无纺布的生产过程中进行改性而一 次性获得上述同样的热塑、热封性能，使生产出来的无纺布就具备这些技术要求和性能，而不需要对聚乙烯醇无纺布再进行第二次加工改性。
本发明的目的至少通过如下技术方案之一实现。
本发明提供的一种用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料(无纺布)的制备方法，包括如下步骤：在无纺布的制备过程中，使用上胶改性液(剂)与聚乙烯醇纤维原料进行上胶复合处理，得到所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料(无纺布)。
本发明针对现有聚乙烯醇无纺布的缺陷，在无纺布的生产过程中通过对聚乙烯醇纤维进行上胶处理，使聚乙烯醇无纺布的可热封性，能像传统的热塑性塑料合成树脂无纺布那样可以在自动化热封加工机械的工艺上实现热封、或超声波焊封的封边、封口、制袋等制品加工，从而大幅提高其加工效率，降低成本。
本发明提供的聚乙烯醇纤维复合材料以产品形式出现时统称为聚乙烯醇无纺布材料；本发明制备的无纺布(用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料)适用于自动化机械制造各类热封、超声波焊接封口、封边、制袋等各类产品。
进一步地，所述无纺布的制备方法包括热轧法无纺布制备工艺(如图1所示)、针刺法无纺布制备工艺(如图2所示)、水刺法无纺布制备工艺(如图3所示)、湿法无纺布制备工艺(即造纸法无纺布制备工艺，如图4所示)及干法无纺布制备工艺(即气流铺网法，如图5所示)中的一种。
本发明提供的的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法，在对聚乙烯醇纤维原料进行上胶复合改性处理时，可以在上述5种无纺布制备工艺的成型工艺过程中进行，包括前期聚乙烯醇纤维的预上胶改性处理、无纺布制备过程中定型工艺前的任意工艺段中进行上胶改性处理。
进一步地，当所述无纺布的制备方法为热轧法无纺布制备工艺时(如图1所示)，所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法包括如下步骤：将聚乙烯醇纤维原料经开松、梳理、机械铺网后进入预湿区，在预湿区经过处理，而后送入低温干燥区进行表面干燥，进入热轧干燥加固，经定型辊热压定型、压花；冷却辊冷却、展平收卷即为所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料，所述上胶复合处理可以在定型前的任意工序组合进行。
进一步地，当所述无纺布的制备方法为针刺法无纺布制备工艺时(如图2所示)，所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法包括如下步骤：将聚乙烯醇纤维原料经开松、梳理、机械或气流铺网后进入预针刺，主针刺成布，而后送入定型区进行定型处理，进入压光；冷却辊冷却定型、展平收卷即为所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料；所述上胶复合处理可以在定型前的任意工序组合进行。
进一步地，当所述无纺布的制备方法为水刺法无纺布制备工艺时(如图3所示)，所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法包括如下步骤：聚乙烯醇纤维原料经开松、梳理、机械或气流铺网后进入水刺成布，而后经过压榨脱水、干燥、送入压光(可选)、定型处理，冷却辊冷却定型、展平收卷即为所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料；所述上胶复合处理可以在定型前的任意工序进行。
进一步地，当所述无纺布的制备方法为湿法无纺布制备工艺时(如图4所示)，所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法包括如下步骤：将聚乙烯醇纤维原料经开松后进入磨浆机进行机械磨解制备聚乙烯醇纤维浆料；磨好的浆料输送进储浆池备用；而后经流送上网、成形、压榨、烘干、整饰、收卷，即为所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料；所述上胶复合处理可以在成形前的任意工序进行。
进一步地，当所述无纺布的制备方法为干法无纺布制备工艺时(如图5所示)，所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法包括如下步骤：将聚乙烯醇纤维原料经开松、梳理、精梳理后，经气流输送和气流铺网、成形、整饰定型、收卷即成用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布成品；所述上胶复合处理可以在定型前的任意工序进行。
进一步地，当所述无纺布的制备方法为水刺法无纺布制备工艺、针刺法无纺布制备工艺或热轧法无纺布制备工艺时，所述上胶改性液的干重为聚乙烯醇纤维原料干重的5-100wt％；所述聚乙烯醇纤维原料为03-3.0旦、2-78mm湿法纺丝生产的短纤维。
进一步地，当所述无纺布的制备方法为干法无纺布制备工艺或湿法无纺布制备 工艺时，所述上胶改性液的干重为聚乙烯醇纤维原料干重的5-100wt％；所述聚乙烯醇纤维原料为0.5-3.0旦、0.5-8mm湿法纺丝生产的短纤维。
进一步地，所述上胶改性液是以主要原料聚乙烯醇经过复配改性后制备；所述上胶改性液的制备包括：将聚乙烯醇、复合增塑剂、低温增韧剂、填料、渗透剂、防霉剂及水混合，在搅拌状态下升温进行加热处理，然后降温进行均化处理，冷却至室温，得到所述上胶改性液。
进一步地，所述上胶改性液，按质量份数计，包括如下组分：
进一步地，所述聚乙烯醇的醇解度为85％-99％；所述聚乙烯醇的聚合度为300-2600；所述聚乙烯醇的型号为PVA-0385、PVA-0585、PVA-1085、PVA-1385、PVA-1585、PVA-1785、PVA-2085、PVA-2285、PVA-2485、PVA-0395、PVA-0595、PVA-1095、PVA-1395、PVA-1595、PVA-1795、PVA-2095、PVA-2295、PVA-2495、PVA-2695、PVA-0388、PVA-0588、PVA-1088、PVA-1388、PVA-1588、PVA-1788、PVA-2088、PVA-2288、PVA-2488、PVA-0399、PVA-0599、PVA-1099、PVA-1399、PVA-1599、PVA-1799、PVA-2099、PVA-2299及PVA-2499等中的一种以上。
进一步地，所述复合增塑剂为主增塑剂和辅增塑剂混合均匀，复配组成，所述主增塑剂和辅增塑剂的质量比为100∶5-20；所述主增塑剂为水溶性的多元醇；所述所述水溶性的多元醇为分子中含有二个或二个以上羟基的醇类，其通式为C
nH
2n+2-x(OH)
x，x≥3；所述水溶性的多元醇包括丙三醇、丙二醇、乙二醇、季戊四醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、三羟甲基乙烷、木糖醇及山梨醇中的一种以上；所述辅增塑剂(助增塑剂)为一类经过羧基改性的多元醇衍生物，所述辅增 塑剂为分子量为800-3000的聚醚多元醇经羧基改性后的阴离子型衍生物；所述辅增塑剂为广州市再森新材料科技有限公司生产的K-203PE、K-205PE、K-208PE、K-212PE、Na-203PE、Na-205PE、Na-208PE、Na-212PE等中的一种。
进一步地，所述低温增韧剂为氧化乙烯/氧化丙烯共聚聚醚；所述低温增韧剂的分子量为3000-20000；所述低温增韧剂为广州丽特新材科技有限公司生产的EPOB-30E、EPOB-50E、EPOB-80E、EPOB-15F、EPOB-20F等中的一种；所述填料为具有稳定惰性的无机粉体，所述填料的目数≥5000目；所述填料为粘土、高岭土、硅藻土、硅钙粉、滑石粉、氧化铝、氧化锌、白炭黑、硫酸钡、轻质碳酸钙及重质碳酸钙等中的一种。
进一步地，所述渗透剂为低泡型湿润渗透剂，所述渗透剂为能够降低固体物料的表面能，使固体物料易被上胶改性液浸湿渗透的表面活性剂；所述渗透剂为上海桑井化工有限公司生产的EASYTECH ST-5000、EASYTECH ST-5020、EASYTECH ST-5100、EASYTECHST-5030、EASYTECH ST-5040及EASYTECH ST-5060中的一种；所述防霉剂为丙酸钙、山梨酸钠、山梨酸钾、苯甲酸钠及富马酸二甲酯中的一种。所述渗透剂可以用改善所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料在制备过程中的性能均匀性。
优选地，所述水为工业用去离子纯净水。
进一步地，所述在搅拌状态下的搅拌速率为60-200转/分；所述加热处理的温度为95-100摄氏度，加热处理的时间为2-4小时；所述均化处理的温度为90摄氏度，保温均化处理的时间为0.5-1.0小时。
本发明提供的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的克重GSM为12-100克/m
2。这种聚乙烯醇纤维复合材料以产品形式出现时统称为聚乙烯醇无纺布材料(下同)；本发明制备的聚乙烯醇纤维无纺布适用于自动化机械制造各类超声波焊接封口、封边、制袋等各类产品。
本发明提供的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法，详细介绍如下所示。
本发明提供的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维的上胶改性处理方法，适用以下生产工艺和方法。
一、适用的生产工艺和方法
1.热轧法无纺布制备工艺和方法
热轧法无纺布制备工艺流程如图1所示，其包括如下步骤：
聚乙烯醇纤维原料经开松、梳理、机械铺网后进入预湿区，在预湿区经过处理，而后送入低温干燥区进行表面干燥，进入热轧干燥加固，经定型辊热压定型、压花；冷却辊冷却、展平收卷即为本发明制备的改性聚乙烯醇无纺布成品。
发明使用的上胶改性处理方法实施：可以在上述无纺布制备的任意工艺过程中进行，包括前期对聚乙烯醇纤维的预上胶改性处理、无纺布制备过程中定型工艺前的任意工艺段中进行上胶改性处理。
进一步地，本发明通过上述无纺布制备工艺中的上胶改性处理，使聚乙烯醇纤维与改性用胶进行复合形成改性聚乙烯醇纤维无纺布，处理中其上胶量(干重)为聚乙烯醇纤维(干重)的5-100％。用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布所用聚乙烯醇纤维原料为0.5-3旦，2-78mm湿法纺丝生产的短纤维。
2.针刺法无纺布制备工艺和方法
针刺法无纺布制备工艺流程如图2所示，其包括如下步骤：
聚乙烯醇纤维原料经开松、梳理、机械(或气流)铺网后进入预针刺，主针刺成布，而后送入定型区进行定型处理，进入压光；冷却辊冷却定型、展平收卷即为本发明制备的改性聚乙烯醇无纺布成品。
本发明使用的上胶改性处理方法实施：可以在上述无纺布制备的任意工艺过程中进行，包括前期对聚乙烯醇纤维的预上胶改性处理、无纺布制备过程中定型工艺前的任意工艺段中进行上胶改性处理。
进一步地，本发明通过上述无纺布制备工艺中的上胶改性处理，使聚乙烯醇纤维与改性用胶进行复合形成改性聚乙烯醇纤维无纺布，处理中其上胶量(干重)为聚乙烯醇纤维(干重)的5-100％。用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布所用聚乙烯醇纤维原料为0.5-3旦，2-78mm湿法纺丝生产的短纤维。
3.水刺法无纺布制备工艺和方法。
水刺法无纺布制备工艺流程如图3所示，其包括如下步骤：
聚乙烯醇纤维原料经开松、梳理、机械(或气流)铺网后进入水成布，而后经 过干燥、送入压光(可选)、定型处理，冷却辊冷却定型、展平收卷即为本发明制备的改性聚乙烯醇无纺布成品。
本发明使用的上胶改性处理方法实施：可以在上述无纺布制备的任意工艺过程中进行，包括前期对聚乙烯醇纤维的预上胶改性处理、无纺布制备过程中定型工艺前的任意工艺段中进行上胶改性处理。
进一步地，本发明通过上述无纺布制备工艺中的上胶改性处理，使聚乙烯醇纤维与改性用胶进行复合形成改性聚乙烯醇纤维无纺布，处理中其上胶量(干重)为聚乙烯醇纤维(干重)的5-100％。用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布所用聚乙烯醇纤维原料为0.5-3旦，2-78mm湿法纺丝生产的短纤维。
4.湿法(造纸法)无纺布制备工艺和方法：
湿法(造纸法)无纺布制备工艺工艺流程如下图4所示，其包括如下步骤：
聚乙烯醇纤维原料经开松后与上胶改性(剂)液一起进入磨浆机进行机械磨解制备聚乙烯醇纤维浆料；磨好的浆料输送进储浆池备用；而后经流送上网、成形、压榨、烘干、整饰、收卷即为用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布。
本发明使用的上胶改性处理也可以在上述湿法(造纸法)无纺布制备的任意工艺过程中进行，包括前期对聚乙烯醇纤维的预上胶改性处理、无纺布制备过程中成形工艺前的任意工艺段中进行上胶改性处理。
进一步地，本发明通过上述无纺布制备工艺中的上胶改性处理，使聚乙烯醇纤维与改性用胶进行复合形成改性聚乙烯醇纤维无纺布，处理中其上胶量(干重)为聚乙烯醇纤维(干重)的5-100％。用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布所用聚乙烯醇纤维原料为0.5-3旦，0.5-8mm湿法纺丝生产的短纤维。
5.干法(气流铺网法)无纺布制备工艺工艺流程如图5所示，其包括如下步骤：聚乙烯醇纤维原料经开松、梳理、精梳理后，经气流输送和气流铺网、成形；然后用上胶改性液进行上胶处理，其方法可以是喷淋、涂布、浸渍、浸轧等上胶工艺，上胶改性后的无纺布经过烘干干燥、整饰定型、收卷即成用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布成品。
本发明使用的上胶改性处理也可以在上述干法(造纸法)无纺布制备的任意工艺过程中进行，包括前期对聚乙烯醇纤维的预上胶改性处理、无纺布制备过程 中烘干整饰定型工艺前的任意工艺段中进行上胶改性处理。
进一步地，本发明通过上述无纺布制备工艺中的上胶改性处理，使聚乙烯醇纤维与改性用胶进行复合形成改性聚乙烯醇纤维无纺布，处理中其上胶量(干重)为聚乙烯醇纤维(干重)的5-100％。本工艺所用聚乙烯醇纤维原料为0.5-3旦，0.5-8mm湿法纺丝生产的混合短纤维。
二、用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布的上胶改性液(剂)的制备方法：
用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布用上胶改性液(剂)是以主要原料聚乙烯醇经过复配改性后制备，包括主料聚乙烯醇、复合增塑剂、低温增韧剂、填料、渗透剂、防霉剂及水混合(在带有搅拌和加热装置的溶解容器中混合)，在搅拌状态下升温进行加热处理，确保聚乙烯醇完全溶解，然后经过保温处理，冷却至室温，出料备用，得到所述聚乙烯醇纤维的上胶改性液(剂)。
进一步地，上述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布用上胶改性液(剂)，按重量份数计，包括如下组分：
进一步地，上述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布用上胶改性液(剂)用主要原料聚乙烯醇的醇解度为85％-99％；所述聚乙烯醇的聚合度为300-2600；所有可以水溶的聚乙烯醇型号，如PVA-0385、PVA-0585、PVA-1085、PVA-1385、PVA-1585、PVA-1785、PVA-2085、PVA-2285、PVA-2485、PVA-0395、PVA-0595、PVA-1095、PVA-1395、PVA-1595、PVA-1795、PVA-2095、PVA-2295、PVA-2495、PVA-2695、PVA-0388、PVA-0588、PVA-1088、PVA-1388、PVA-1588、PVA-1788、PVA-2088、PVA-2288、PVA-2488、PVA-0399、PVA-0599、PVA-1099、PVA-1399、PVA-1599、PVA-1799、PVA-2099、PVA-2299及PVA-249 9等中的一种或一种以上。
进一步地，上述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布用上胶改性液(剂)用复合增塑剂由主增塑剂和助增塑剂复配组成，主增塑剂为水溶性的多元醇；所述水溶性的多元醇为分子中含有二个或二个以上羟基的醇类，其通式为CnH2n+2-x(OH)x，x≥3；所述水溶性的多元醇包括如丙三醇、丙二醇、乙二醇、季戊四醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、三羟甲基乙烷、木糖醇及山梨醇等中的一种或一种以上；主增塑剂来源丰富，价格低廉，但由于受制于与聚乙烯醇的相容性，使之在增塑聚乙烯醇材料时不能大量加入，一般超过10％(相对聚乙烯醇净重计)后，在自然环境下容易产生迁移析出，从而使其增塑效果大幅降低，而增塑效果的好坏直接影响到无纺布的热封性能，而且增塑剂的大量迁移析出还会对制品产生表面污染，严重影响制品的使用性能。而实验证明，要实现聚乙烯醇材料良好稳定的热封性能，所使用的增塑剂添加量必须达到20％(相对聚乙烯醇净重计)以上，为了解决对聚乙烯醇的有效增塑，本发明通过采用协同辅助增塑的复配方法，使主增塑剂可以大量添加而提高对聚乙烯醇纤维的有效增塑，使用本发明有效增塑后的聚乙烯醇无纺布能实现稳定、优良的热塑性能。
进一步地，上述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布用上胶改性液(剂)用复合增塑剂由主增塑剂和助增塑剂复配组成，所述助增塑剂是一类经过羧基改性的多元醇衍生物，由分子量为800-3000的聚醚多元醇经羧基改性后的衍生物，包括广州市再森新材料科技有限公司生产的K-203PE、K-205PE、K-208PE、K-212PE、Na-203PE、Na-205PE、Na-208PE、Na-212PE中的一种；其中K系列代表羧基改性后引入了碱金属钾，Na系列则是钠盐；羧基含量为3％-12％。实际上是一种具有阴离子型表面活性剂的增塑剂，具有强极性的阴离子型聚醚改性衍生物，其可以有效破坏聚乙烯醇分子链中的结晶，从而使非离子型的多元醇增塑剂(主增塑剂)大量进入分子链中进行有效增塑，与主增塑剂形成稳定的增塑体系，而不产生迁移和析出。
进一步地，上述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布用上胶改性液(剂)用复合增塑剂由主增塑剂和助增塑剂复配组成，其主增塑剂与助增塑剂的复配比例以重量份计：主增塑剂∶助增塑剂＝100∶5-20；此复配体系能产生协同增塑、稳定增 塑效果；从而有效实现对聚乙烯醇无纺布的有效增塑改性，以保障其实现二次加工中所需要的热塑性能。
进一步地，上述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布(用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料)用上胶改性液(剂)用低温增韧剂，是为了保障聚乙烯醇无纺布在低温下的柔韧性而进行的改性，同时也可以大幅改善其柔软舒适的手感；包括由广州丽特新材科技有限公司生产的EPOB-30E、EPOB-50E、EPOB-80E、EPOB-15F、EPOB-20F等中的一种；是一种由乙二胺/氧化丙烯聚醚或氧化乙烯/氧化丙烯共聚醚；分子量为3000-20000。
进一步地，上述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布用上胶改性液(剂)用填料为具有稳定惰性的无机粉体，所述无机填充料的目数≥5000目；所述无机填充料为粘土、高岭土、硅藻土、硅钙粉、滑石粉、氧化铝、氧化锌、白炭黑、硫酸钡、轻质碳酸钙及重质碳酸钙等中的一种。填料的使用主要是改善无纺布表面的平整度和挺度。
进一步地，上述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布用上胶改性液(剂)用湿润渗透剂属于一种低泡型湿润渗透剂，可以降低固体物料的表面能，使固体物料更易被上胶改性液(剂)浸湿渗透的表面活性剂，可以改善本发明改性聚乙烯醇无纺布制备过程的性能均匀性，包括上海桑井化工有限公司生产的EASYTECH ST-5000、EASYTECH ST-5020、EASYTECH ST-5100、EASYTECHST-5030、EASYTECH ST-5040及EASYTECH ST-5060等中的一种。
进一步地，上述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布用上胶改性液(剂)用防霉剂为丙酸钙、山梨酸钠、山梨酸钾、苯甲酸钠及富马酸二甲酯等中的一种。
进一步地，上述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布用上胶改性液(剂)用水为工业用去离子纯净水。
进一步地，所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布用上胶改性液(剂)的制备方法，所述全部物料在带有搅拌和加热装置的溶解容器中混合；在搅拌状态下升温进行加热溶解，确保聚乙烯醇完全溶解，然后保温进行均化处理，完毕，冷却至室温，出料备用，得到所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布用上胶改性液 (剂)。
进一步地，所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布用上胶改性液(剂)的制备方法，所述在搅拌状态下的搅拌速率为60-200转/分；所述加热处理的温度为95-100摄氏度，加热处理的时间为2-4小时；所述保温均化处理的温度为90摄氏度，保温均化处理的时间为0.5-1.0小时。
本发明制备的聚乙烯醇无纺布(用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料)的应用领域：可涵盖和替代传统的无纺布及纺织布料所制备的工业、民用制品领域，包括制鞋、制革、床垫、子母被、装饰、化工、印刷、汽车、建材及家具等行业等；如无纺布和纺织布料用于制造的服装衬布、医疗卫生一次性手术衣、口罩、帽、床单、酒店一次性台布、美容桑拿乃至当今时尚的礼品袋、精品袋、购物袋及广告袋等，特别是一次性使用的制品领域，各类购物袋、快消品包装领域、外卖包装等，聚乙烯醇无纺布可以完全涵盖和替代这些传统的塑料合成树脂无纺布和纺织布应用领域，而使产品更具有环保性。
发明的有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点和有益效果：
(1)本发明提供的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料，具备优异的热封性能，本发明提供的上胶改性液使聚乙烯醇纤维经复合改性后具备了二次加工的热封性能，利于实现自动化机械的封边、封口和连续制袋等工艺，从而大幅提高制品加工的效率和降低成本；
(2)本发明提供的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料，其纤维结点更牢固，从而使其机械性能得到进一步提高；
(3)本发明提供的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料，加入上胶改性液进行处理后，使得的聚乙烯醇无纺布的断裂伸长率得到提高，从而使聚乙烯醇无纺布更柔软更舒适和手感更好。
(4)与传统工艺生产的聚乙烯醇无纺布对比，本发明制备的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料，具有更均匀、更平整的特征，更适合自动化的机械高速制备各类制品。
(5)经本发明上胶改性液复合改性后的聚乙烯醇无纺布，其水溶性温度得到降低，由原来需要95℃高温水溶的纤维，能实现80-90℃在水中溶解。
对附图的简要说明
图1为采用热轧法无纺布制备工艺制备所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料时的工艺流程图；
图2为采用针刺法无纺布制备工艺制备所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料时的工艺流程图；
图3为采用水刺法无纺布制备工艺制备所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料时的工艺流程图；
图4为采用湿法无纺布制备工艺制备所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料时的工艺流程图；
图5为采用干法无纺布制备工艺制备所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料时的工艺流程图。
发明实施例
以下结合实例对本发明的具体实施作进一步说明，但本发明的实施和保护不限于此。需指出的是，以下若有未特别详细说明之过程，均是本领域技术人员可参照现有技术实现或理解的。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，视为可以通过市售购买得到的常规产品。
以下实施例及对比例所用到的重量(质量)份数，作为举例，重量单位可以为克、千克等，也可以是本领域常用的任意其他用量。
以下实施例中，所使用的助增塑剂是一类经过羧基改性的多元醇衍生物，由分子量为800-3000的聚醚多元醇经羧基改性后的衍生物，包括广州市再森新材料科技有限公司生产的K-203PE、K-205PE、K-208PE、K-212PE、Na-203PE、Na-205PE、Na-208PE、Na-212PE中的一种。
所使用的湿润渗透剂属于一种低泡型湿润渗透剂，可以降低固体物料的表面能，使固体物料(纤维)更易被上胶改性液(剂)浸湿渗透的表面活性剂，可以 改善本发明改性聚乙烯醇无纺布制备过程的性能均匀性。为上海桑井化工有限公司生产的EASYTECH ST-5000、EASYTECH ST-5020、EASYTECH ST-5100、EASYTECHST-5030、EASYTECH ST-5040及EASYTECH ST-5060中的一种。
所使用的低温增韧剂为广州丽特新材科技有限公司生产的EPOB-30E、EPOB-50E、EPOB-80E、EPOB-15F、EPOB-20F中的一种。
所使用的聚乙烯醇纤维是指由湿法纺丝(溶液纺丝)法生产的纤维。
所使用的无机填充料的目数≥5000目。
实施例1
一种用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
①所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布的上胶改性液(剂)，按重量份数计，包括如下组分：
上述各组份分别计量后，分别加入到带有搅拌和加热装置的溶解容器中，启动搅拌，搅拌速率为200转/分，并开始加热升温，升温至95℃的温度区间，在此温度区间下保持4小时，保证聚乙烯醇完全溶解，降温至90℃保温0.5小时进行均化处理，而后冷却至室温下出料备用，得到所述上胶改性液(剂)。
②使用步骤①所制备的上胶改性液通过热轧法无纺布制备加工工艺，制备用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布，该工艺流程如图1所示。
聚乙烯醇纤维原料经开松、梳理、机械铺网后进入预湿区，在预湿区经过处理 ，而后使用上胶改性液对聚乙烯醇纤维进行改性处理，其处理在制备工艺的预湿区后采用浸渍上胶进行改性、然后送入低温干燥区进行表面干燥，进入热轧干燥加固，经定型辊热压定型、压花；冷却辊冷却、展平收卷即为本发明制备的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布成品(即用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料)。
实施例1中制备的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布技术参数为：聚乙烯醇纤维原料为3旦，38mm湿法纺丝生产的短纤维；克重GSM＝12克/m
2；改性液上胶量以干重计为0.6克/m
2。
上述实施例1制备的聚乙烯醇无纺布技术指标如表1所示。
表1
注：空白样为同等GSM的聚乙烯醇无纺布，下同。
由以上数据可知，实施例1制备的聚乙烯醇无纺布，不但机械力学性能优于空白样，而且具有更低的水溶温度。相同时间条件下，实施例1在80℃水温下可以完全溶解；空白样则需95℃水温才可以实现完全溶解。
实施例2
一种用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
①用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布的上胶改性液(剂)，按重量份数计，包括如下组分：
按重量份数计，包括如下组分：
上述各组份分别计量后，分别加入到带有搅拌和加热装置的溶解容器中，启动搅拌，搅拌速率为60转/分，并开始加热升温，升温至100℃的温度区间，在此温度区间下保持2小时，保证聚乙烯醇完全溶解，降温至90℃保温1小时进行均化处理，而后冷却至室温下出料备用，得到聚乙烯醇无纺布上胶改性液(剂)。
②使用步骤①所制备的聚乙烯醇无上胶纺布改性液通过针刺法无纺布制备加工工艺，制备用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布，该工艺流程如图2所示。
聚乙烯醇纤维原料经开松、梳理后、在机械(或气流)铺网工艺中使用上胶改性液进行喷淋上胶，而后进入预针刺，主针刺成布，再送入干燥定型区进行定型处理，进行压光；冷却辊冷却定型、展平收卷即为本发明制备的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布成品(即用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料)。
实施例2中制备的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布技术参数为：聚乙烯醇纤维原料为1.5旦，78mm湿法纺丝生产的短纤维；克重GSM＝100克/m
2；改性液上胶量以干重计为50克/m
2。
上述实施例2制备的聚乙烯醇无纺布技术指标如表2所示。
表2
注：空白样为同等GSM的聚乙烯醇无纺布，下同。
由以上数据可知，实施例2制备的聚乙烯醇无纺布，不但机械力学性能优于空白样，同时具备优异的热封性能；而且具有更低的水溶温度。相同时间条件下，实施例2在90℃水温下可以完全溶解；空白样则需95℃以上水温才可以实现完全溶解。
实施例3
一种用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
①用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布的上胶改性液(剂)，按重量份数计，包括如下组分：
上述各组份分别计量后，分别加入到带有搅拌和加热装置的溶解容器中，启动搅拌，搅拌速率为100转/分，并开始加热升温，升温至98℃的温度区间，在此温度区间下保持3小时，保证聚乙烯醇完全溶解，降温至90℃保温45分钟进行均化处理，而后冷却至室温下出料备用，得到聚乙烯醇无纺布上胶改性液(剂)。
②使用步骤①所制备的聚乙烯醇无上胶纺布改性液通过水刺法无纺布制备加工工艺，制备用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布，该工艺流程如图3所示。
聚乙烯醇纤维原料经开松、梳理、机械(或气流)铺网后进入水成布，成布后使用双面辊涂涂布上胶的工艺对无纺布进行改性处理，然后经过干燥、送入压光(可选)、定型处理，冷却辊冷却定型、展平收卷即为本发明制备的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布成品(即用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料)。
实施例3中制备的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布技术参数为：聚乙烯醇纤维原料为2.0旦，58mm湿法纺丝生产的短纤维；克重GSM＝75克/m
2；改性液上胶量以干重计为30克/m
2。
上述实施例3制备的聚乙烯醇无纺布技术指标如表3所示。
表3
注：空白样为同等GSM的聚乙烯醇无纺布，下同。
由以上数据可知，实施例3制备的聚乙烯醇无纺布，不但机械力学性能优于空白样，同时具备优异的热封性能；而且具有更低的水溶温度。相同时间条件下 ，实施例3在85℃水温下可以完全溶解；空白样则需95℃以上水温才可以实现完全溶解。
实施例4
用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布制备，包括如下步骤：
①用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布的上胶改性液(剂)，按重量份数计，包括如下组分：
上述各组份分别计量后，分别加入到带有搅拌和加热装置的溶解容器中，启动搅拌，搅拌速率为150转/分，并开始加热升温，升温至96℃的温度区间，在此温度区间下保持2.5小时，保证聚乙烯醇完全溶解，降温至90℃保温50分钟进行均化处理，而后冷却至室温下出料备用，得到聚乙烯醇无纺布上胶改性液(剂)。
②使用步骤①所制备的聚乙烯醇无上胶纺布改性液通过湿法(造纸法)无纺布制备加工工艺，制备用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布，该工艺流程如图4所示。
聚乙烯醇纤维原料经开松后进入磨浆机进行机械磨解制备聚乙烯醇纤维浆料；磨好的浆料输送进储浆池备用；而后经流送上网、成形、压榨、烘干、整饰、收卷后进行后期上胶改性处理：采用浸轧上胶工艺进行上胶改性复合后，即为本发明制备的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布成品(即用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料)。
实施4例中制备的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布技术参数为：聚乙烯醇纤维原料为0.5旦，0.5-8mm湿法纺丝生产的混合短纤维；克重GSM＝40克/m
2；改性液上胶量以干重计为10克/m
2。
上述实施例4制备的聚乙烯醇无纺布技术指标如表4所示。
表4
注：空白样为同等GSM的聚乙烯醇无纺布，下同。
由以上数据可知，实施例4制备的聚乙烯醇无纺布，不但机械力学性能优于空白样，同时具备优异的热封性能；而且具有更低的水溶温度。相同时间条件下，实施例4在86℃水温下可以完全溶解；空白样则需95℃以上水温才可以实现完全溶解。
实施例5
用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布制备，包括如下步骤：
①用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布的上胶改性液(剂)，按重量份数计，包括如下组分：
按重量份数计，包括如下组分：
上述各组份分别计量后，分别加入到带有搅拌和加热装置的溶解容器中，启动搅拌，搅拌速率为120转/分，并开始加热升温，升温至98℃的温度区间，在此温度区间下保持3.0小时，保证聚乙烯醇完全溶解，降温至90℃保温35分钟进行均化处理，而后冷却至室温下出料备用，得到聚乙烯醇无纺布上胶改性液(剂)。
②使用步骤①所制备的聚乙烯醇无上胶纺布改性液通过干法(气流铺网法)无纺布制备加工工艺，制备用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布，该工艺流程如图5所示。
聚乙烯醇纤维原料经开松、梳理、精梳理后，经气流输送和气流铺网、成形；然后用上胶改性液进行上胶处理，采用双面辊涂涂布方式上胶工艺，上胶改性后的无纺布经过烘干干燥、整饰定型、收卷即成用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布成品(即用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料)。
实施5例中制备的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布技术参数为：聚乙烯醇纤维原料为1.0旦，0.5-8mm湿法纺丝生产的混合短纤维；克重GSM＝30克/m
2；改性液上胶量以干重计为8克/m
2。
上述实施例5制备的聚乙烯醇无纺布技术指标如表5所示。
表5
注：空白样为同等GSM的聚乙烯醇无纺布，下同。
由以上数据可知，实施例5制备的聚乙烯醇无纺布，不但机械力学性能优于空白样，同时具备优异的热封性能；而且具有更低的水溶温度。相同时间条件下，实施例5在86℃水温下可以完全溶解；空白样则需95℃以上水温才可以实现完全溶解。
以上实施例仅为本发明较优的实施方式，仅用于解释本发明，而非限制本发明，本领域技术人员在未脱离本发明精神实质下所作的改变、替换、修饰等均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (18)
- 一种用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：在无纺布的制备过程中，使用上胶改性液与湿法纺丝生产的聚乙烯醇纤维进行上胶复合处理，得到所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料；所述上胶改性液的组分包括聚乙烯醇、复合增塑剂、低温增韧剂、填料、渗透剂、防霉剂及水。
- 根据权利要求1所述的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述无纺布的制备方法包括热轧法无纺布制备工艺、针刺法无纺布制备工艺、水刺法无纺布制备工艺、湿法无纺布制备工艺及干法无纺布制备工艺中的一种。
- 根据权利要求2所述的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法，其特征在于，当所述无纺布的制备方法为热轧法无纺布制备工艺时，所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法包括如下步骤：将聚乙烯醇纤维原料经开松、梳理、机械铺网后进入预湿区，在预湿区经过处理，而后送入低温干燥区进行表面干燥，进入热轧干燥加固，经定型辊热压定型、压花；冷却辊冷却、展平收卷即为所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料，所述上胶复合处理可以在定型前的任意工序进行。
- 根据权利要求2所述的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法，其特征在于，当所述无纺布的制备方法为针刺法无纺布制备工艺时，所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法包括如下步骤：聚乙烯醇纤维原料经开松、梳理、机械或气流铺网后进入预针刺，主针刺成布，而后送入定型区进行定型处理，进入压光；冷却辊冷却定型、展平收卷即为所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料；所述上胶复合处理可以在定型前的任意工序进行。
- 根据权利要求2所述的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法，其特征在于，当所述无纺布的制备方法为水刺法无纺布制备工艺时，所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法包括如下步骤：聚乙烯醇纤维原料经开松、梳理、机械或气流铺网后进入水刺成布，而后经过压榨脱水、干燥、送入压光、定型处理，冷却辊冷却定型、展平收卷即为所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料；所述上胶复合处理可以在定型前的任意工序进行。
- 根据权利要求2所述的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法，其特征在于，当所述无纺布的制备方法为湿法无纺布制备工艺时，所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法包括如下步骤：将聚乙烯醇纤维原料经开松后进入磨浆机进行机械磨解制备聚乙烯醇纤维浆料；磨好的浆料输送进储浆池备用；而后经流送上网、成形、压榨、烘干、整饰、收卷，即为所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料；所述上胶复合处理可以在成形前的任意工序进行。
- 根据权利要求2所述的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法，其特征在于，当所述无纺布的制备方法为干法无纺布制备工艺时，所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法包括如下步骤：将聚乙烯醇纤维原料经开松、梳理、精梳理后，经气流输送和气流铺网、成形、整饰定型、收卷即成用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇无纺布成品；所述上胶复合处理可以在定型前的任意工序进行。
- 根据权利要求3-5任一项所述的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述上胶改性液的干重为聚乙烯醇纤维原料干重的5-100wt％；所述聚乙烯醇纤维原料为；0.5-3.0旦、2-78mm的湿法纺丝生产的短纤维。
- 根据权利要求6或7所述的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性 材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述上胶改性液的干重为聚乙烯醇纤维原料干重的5-100wt％；所述聚乙烯醇纤维原料为：0.5-3.0旦、0.5-8mm的湿法纺丝生产的短纤维。
- 根据权利要求1所述的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述上胶改性液的制备包括：将聚乙烯醇、复合增塑剂、低温增韧剂、填料、渗透剂、防霉剂及水混合，在搅拌状态下升温进行加热处理，然后降温进行均化处理，冷却至室温，得到所述上胶改性液。
- 根据权利要求10所述的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述上胶改性液，按质量份数计，包括如下组分：
- 根据权利要求10所述的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述聚乙烯醇的醇解度为85％-99％；所述聚乙烯醇的聚合度为300-2600；所述聚乙烯醇的型号为PVA-0385、PVA-0585、PVA-1085、PVA-1385、PVA-1585、PVA-1785、PVA-2085、PVA-2285、PVA-2485、PVA-0395、PVA-0595、PVA-1095、PVA-1395、PVA-1595、PVA-1795、PVA-2095、PVA-2295、PVA-2495、PVA-2695、PVA-0388、PVA-0588、PVA-1088、PVA-1388、PVA-1588、PVA-1788、PVA-2088、PVA-2288、PVA-2488、PVA-0399、PVA-0599、PVA-1099、PVA-1399、PVA-1599、PVA-1799、PVA-2099、PVA-2299及PVA-2499中的一种以 上。
- 根据权利要求10所述的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述复合增塑剂为主增塑剂和辅增塑剂混合均匀，复配组成，所述主增塑剂和辅增塑剂的质量比为100∶5-20；所述主增塑剂为水溶性的多元醇；所述所述水溶性的多元醇为分子中含有二个或二个以上羟基的醇类，其通式为C nH 2n+2x(OH) x，x≥3；所述水溶性的多元醇包括丙三醇、丙二醇、乙二醇、季戊四醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、三羟甲基乙烷、木糖醇及山梨醇中的一种以上；所述辅增塑剂为一类经过羧基改性的多元醇衍生物，所述辅增塑剂为分子量为800-3000的聚醚多元醇经羧基改性后的阴离子型衍生物；所述辅增塑剂为广州市再森新材料科技有限公司生产的K-203PE、K-205PE、K-208PE、K-212PE、Na-203PE、Na-205PE、Na-208PE、Na-212PE中的一种。
- 根据权利要求10所述的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述低温增韧剂为氧化乙烯/氧化丙烯共聚聚醚；所述低温增韧剂的分子量为3000-20000；所述低温增韧剂为广州丽特新材科技有限公司生产的EPOB-30E、EPOB-50E、EPOB-80E、EPOB-15F、EPOB-20F中的一种；所述填料为具有稳定惰性的无机粉体，所述填料的目数≥5000目；所述填料为粘土、高岭土、硅藻土、硅钙粉、滑石粉、氧化铝、氧化锌、白炭黑、硫酸钡、轻质碳酸钙及重质碳酸钙中的一种。
- 根据权利要求10所述的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述渗透剂为低泡型湿润渗透剂，所述渗透剂为能够降低固体物料的表面能，使固体物料易被上胶改性液浸湿渗透的表面活性剂；所述渗透剂为上海桑井化工有限公司生产的EASYTECH ST-5000、EASYTECH ST-5020、EASYTECH ST-5100、EASYTECHST-5030、EASYTECH ST-5040及EASYTECH ST-5060中的一种；所述防霉剂为丙酸钙、山梨酸钠、山梨酸钾、苯甲酸钠及富马酸二甲酯中的一种。
- 根据权利要求10所述的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述在搅拌状态下的搅拌速率为60-200转/分；所述加热处理的温度为95-100摄氏度，加热处理的时间为2-4小时；所述均化处理的温度为90摄氏度，保温均化处理的时间为0.5-1.0小时。
- 根据权利要求1所述的用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述用于机制制品的聚乙烯醇纤维复合改性材料的克重GSM为12-100克/m 2。
- 一种用于权利要求1-17任一项所述的制备方法的上胶改性液。
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