WO2021072988A1 - 逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环与单工质联合循环热泵装置 - Google Patents

逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环与单工质联合循环热泵装置 Download PDF

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WO2021072988A1
WO2021072988A1 PCT/CN2020/000252 CN2020000252W WO2021072988A1 WO 2021072988 A1 WO2021072988 A1 WO 2021072988A1 CN 2020000252 W CN2020000252 W CN 2020000252W WO 2021072988 A1 WO2021072988 A1 WO 2021072988A1
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Prior art keywords
regenerator
heat
working fluid
compressor
evaporator
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PCT/CN2020/000252
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李华玉
李鸿瑞
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李华玉
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Publication of WO2021072988A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021072988A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical fields of thermodynamics, refrigeration and heat pumps.
  • Cold demand, heat demand and power demand are common in human life and production; among them, the use of mechanical energy to convert heat energy is an important way to achieve cooling and efficient heating.
  • the temperature of the cooling medium changes during cooling, and the temperature of the heated medium often changes during heating; in many cases, the cooling medium or the heated medium has the dual characteristics of variable temperature and high temperature at the same time, which makes the single thermal cycle theory adopted
  • the performance index is unreasonable when realizing cooling or heating; these problems are mainly-the performance index is unreasonable, the heating parameter is not high, the compression ratio is high, and the working pressure is too large.
  • the vapor compression refrigeration or heating cycle based on the reverse Rankine cycle is used.
  • the heat release mainly depends on the condensation process, which leads to the difference between the working fluid and the heated medium during the heat release.
  • the loss of temperature difference is large; at the same time, the pressure reduction process of the condensate has a large loss or high utilization cost; when the supercritical working condition is adopted, the compression ratio is high, which makes the compressor expensive to manufacture and reduces the safety.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a reverse single working substance steam combined cycle and a single working substance combined cycle heat pump device.
  • the detailed contents of the invention are described as follows:
  • Reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the nine processes that are composed of M 1 kg and M 2 kg, respectively or jointly-M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 + M 2 )Kg working fluid endothermic process 23, (M 1 +M 2 )Kg working fluid boost process 34, (M 1 +M 2 )Kg working fluid heat absorption process 45, (M 1 +M 2 )Kg working fluid Process of pressure increase 56, (M 1 + M 2 ) kg of working fluid exothermic process 67, M 2 kg of working fluid depressurization process 72, M 1 kg of working fluid exothermic condensation process 78, M 1 kg of working fluid depressurization process 81-The closing process of composition.
  • Reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to ten processes that are composed of M 1 kg and M 2 kg working fluid separately or jointly-M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 + M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid endothermic process 23, (M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid boost process 34, (M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid heat absorption process 45, (M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid Process of pressure increase 56, M 2 kg of working fluid exothermic process 67, M 2 kg of working fluid depressurization process 72, M 1 kg of working fluid boost process 68, M 1 kg of working fluid exothermic condensation process 89, M 1 kg Working fluid depressurization process 91-the closed process of composition.
  • Reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to ten processes that are composed of M 1 kg and M 2 kg, respectively or jointly-M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 + M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid endothermic process 23, (M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid boost process 34, (M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid heat absorption process 45, (M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid Process of pressure increase 56, M 2 kg of working fluid, 67, M 2 kg of working fluid exothermic process 78, M 2 kg of working fluid depressurization process 82, M 1 kg of working fluid exothermic condensation process 69, M 1 kg Working fluid depressurization process 91-the closed process of composition.
  • Reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to the eleven processes that are composed of M 1 kg and M 2 kg working fluid separately or jointly-M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 + M 2) kg refrigerant endothermic process 23, (M 1 + M 2 ) kg bootstrapping working medium 34, (M 1 + M 2 ) kg endothermic process working medium 45, M 2 kg refrigerant endothermic process 56, M 2 kg working fluid boost process 67, M 2 kg working fluid exothermic process 78, M 2 kg working fluid depressurization process 82, M 1 kg working fluid boost process 59, M 1 kg working fluid exothermic condensation Process 9a, M 1 kg of working fluid depressurization process a1-a closed process of composition.
  • Reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle refers to eleven processes composed of M 1 kg and M 2 kg working fluid separately or jointly-M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid endothermic process 23, (M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid boost process 34, (M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid heat absorption process 45, M 2 Kilogram working fluid boost process 56, M 2 kg working fluid exothermic process 67, M 2 kg working fluid depressurization process 72, M 1 kg working fluid endothermic process 58, M 1 kg working fluid boosting process 89, M 1 kg working fluid exothermic condensation Process 9a, M 1 kg of working fluid depressurization process a1-a closed process of composition.
  • the single working fluid combined cycle heat pump device is mainly composed of a compressor, a second compressor, an expander, a throttle valve, a heat supply device, an evaporator, a regenerator and a second regenerator;
  • the compressor has a cycle After the working fluid channel is connected to the heat supply, it is divided into two paths-the first path is connected to the heat regenerator through the expander, and the second path is connected to the heat regenerator through the second heat regenerator, and then the heat regenerator has a condensate pipeline.
  • the evaporator is connected with the evaporator through the throttle valve, and the evaporator has a circulating working medium channel connected with the regenerator.
  • the regenerator also has a circulating working medium channel connected with the second compressor, and the second compressor also has a circulating working medium channel through
  • the second regenerator is connected to the compressor;
  • the heat supply device also has a heated medium channel to communicate with the outside,
  • the evaporator also has a low-temperature heat medium channel to communicate with the outside, and
  • the expander is connected to the compressor and transmits power to form a single working substance combined cycle Heat pump device.
  • Single working fluid combined cycle heat pump device mainly composed of compressor, second compressor, expander, throttle valve, heat supply, evaporator, regenerator, second regenerator and second heat supply Composition; after the compressor has a circulating working medium channel connected to the heat supply, it is divided into two paths-the first path is connected to the heat regenerator through the expander, the second path is connected to the second heat regenerator through the second heat supply, and the second path is connected to the second heat regenerator through the second heat supply.
  • the second regenerator also has a circulating working medium channel connected to the regenerator. After the regenerator has a condensate pipeline connected to the evaporator through a throttle valve, the evaporator also has a circulating working medium channel connected to the regenerator to recover heat.
  • the device also has a circulating working medium channel that communicates with the second compressor, and the second compressor also has a circulating working medium channel that communicates with the compressor through the second regenerator; the heat supply and the second heat supply also each have a heated medium
  • the channel communicates with the outside, the evaporator also has a low-temperature heat medium channel to communicate with the outside, and the expander is connected to the compressor and transmits power to form a single working substance combined cycle heat pump device.
  • Single working fluid combined cycle heat pump device mainly composed of compressor, second compressor, expander, throttle valve, heat supply, evaporator, regenerator, second regenerator and high temperature regenerator ;
  • the compressor has a circulating working medium channel through the heat supply and the high-temperature regenerator, after which it is divided into two paths-the first path is connected to the regenerator through the expander, and the second path is connected to the regenerator through the second regenerator After that, the condensate pipeline of the regenerator is connected with the evaporator through the throttle valve, and the evaporator has a circulating working medium channel connected with the regenerator, and the regenerator has a circulating working medium channel connected with the second compressor.
  • the second compressor also has a circulating working medium channel that communicates with the compressor through a second regenerator and a high-temperature regenerator; the heater also has a heated medium channel that communicates with the outside, and the evaporator has a low-temperature heat medium channel that communicates with the outside.
  • the expander is connected to the compressor and transmits power to form a single working fluid combined cycle heat pump device.
  • Single working fluid combined cycle heat pump device mainly composed of compressor, second compressor, expander, throttle valve, heat supply, evaporator, regenerator, second regenerator, second heat supply and Composed of a high-temperature regenerator;
  • the compressor has a circulating working medium channel that is connected to the high-temperature regenerator through the heat supply and is divided into two paths-the first path is connected to the regenerator through the expander, and the second path is through the second heat supply
  • the second regenerator is connected with the second regenerator, and the second regenerator also has a circulating working medium channel that communicates with the regenerator.
  • the regenerator After the regenerator has a condensate pipeline connected to the evaporator through a throttle valve, the evaporator also has a circulation process.
  • the mass passage is in communication with the regenerator, and the regenerator has a circulating working medium passage in communication with the second compressor, and the second compressor also has a circulating working medium passage in communication with the compressor through the second regenerator and the high-temperature regenerator;
  • the heat supplier and the second heat supplier also have a heated medium channel connected to the outside, and the evaporator also has a low-temperature heat medium channel connected to the outside.
  • the expander is connected to the compressor and transmits power to form a single working medium combined cycle heat pump device.
  • Single working fluid combined cycle heat pump device mainly composed of compressor, second compressor, expander, throttle valve, heat supply device, evaporator, heat recovery device, second heat recovery device and second heat supply device.
  • Composition the compressor has a first circulating working medium channel connected with the second heat supplier, the second heat supplier also has a circulating working medium channel connected with the regenerator via an expander, and the compressor has a second circulating working medium channel connected with The heat supply is connected, and the heat supply has a circulating working medium channel through the second regenerator and the regenerator is connected, and then the regenerator has a condensate pipeline that communicates with the evaporator through a throttle valve, and the evaporator also has a circulation process.
  • the mass passage communicates with the regenerator, the regenerator also has a circulating working medium passage that communicates with the second compressor, and the second compressor also has a circulating working medium passage that communicates with the compressor through the second regenerator; the heat supply and the second compressor
  • the two heaters also have a medium channel to be heated to communicate with the outside, and the evaporator also has a low-temperature heat medium channel to communicate with the outside.
  • the expander is connected to the compressor and transmits power to form a single working medium combined cycle heat pump device.
  • Single working fluid combined cycle heat pump device mainly composed of compressor, second compressor, expander, throttle valve, heat supply, evaporator, regenerator, second regenerator and second heat supply Composition;
  • the compressor has a first circulating working medium channel connected with the heat supply, the heat supply also has a circulating working medium channel connected with the regenerator through the second regenerator, and then the regenerator has a condensate pipeline through throttling
  • the valve is connected to the evaporator.
  • the evaporator also has a circulating working medium channel that communicates with the heat regenerator.
  • the compressor also has a second circulating working medium channel that communicates with the second heat supplier.
  • the second heat supplier also has a circulating working medium channel through
  • the expander is in communication with the regenerator, and the regenerator has a circulating working medium passage that communicates with the second compressor, and the second compressor also has a circulating working medium passage that communicates with the compressor through the second regenerator; the heat supply and the second compressor
  • the two heaters also have a medium channel to be heated to communicate with the outside, and the evaporator also has a low-temperature heat medium channel to communicate with the outside.
  • the expander is connected to the compressor and transmits power to form a single working medium combined cycle heat pump device.
  • the single working fluid combined cycle heat pump device is mainly composed of a compressor, a second compressor, an expander, a throttle valve, a heat supply device, an evaporator, a regenerator, a second regenerator, a new compressor, and a second regenerator.
  • Composed of two heat supply units the compressor has a circulating working medium channel to communicate with the heater, and the heat supply unit also has a circulating working medium channel connected to the regenerator through the second regenerator, and then the regenerator has a condensate pipeline
  • the evaporator is connected with the evaporator through the throttle valve, and the evaporator has a circulating working medium channel connected with the regenerator.
  • the regenerator also has a circulating working medium channel connected with the second compressor, and the second compressor also has a circulating working medium channel through
  • the newly added compressor also has a circulating working medium channel which communicates with the second heat supply device
  • the second heat supply device also has a circulating working medium channel connected to the second heat supply device via the expander.
  • the regenerator is connected; the heat supply and the second heat supply are respectively connected to the outside with the heated medium channel, and the evaporator also has the low-temperature heat medium channel to communicate with the outside.
  • the expander is connected with a new compressor and transmits power to form a single unit.
  • Working fluid combined cycle heat pump device is connected with a new compressor and transmits power to form a single unit.
  • the single-working-substance combined-cycle heat pump device is any one of the single-working-substance combined-cycle heat pump devices described in items 6-13.
  • the throttle valve is eliminated, the turbine is added, and the regenerator has a condensate pipeline.
  • the throttle valve is connected to the evaporator and adjusted so that the regenerator has a condensate pipeline connected to the evaporator via a turbine, and the turbine is connected to the compressor and transmits power to form a single working fluid combined cycle heat pump device.
  • the single working substance combined cycle heat pump device is any one of the single working substance combined cycle heat pump devices described in items 6-13, which cancels the evaporator and the throttle valve, and cancels the low temperature heat between the evaporator and the outside.
  • Medium channel adjust the evaporator's circulating working medium channel to communicate with the heat regenerator, and adjust the external steam channel to communicate with the heat regenerator, and adjust the condensate pipeline of the heat regenerator to communicate with the evaporator through the throttle valve to adjust to the heat regenerator
  • a condensate pipeline is connected to the outside to form a single working fluid combined cycle heat pump device.
  • Fig. 1/13 is an example diagram of the first principle flow chart of the reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 2/13 is an example diagram of the second principle flow chart of the reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 3/13 is an example diagram of the third principle flow chart of the reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 4/13 is an example diagram of the fourth principle flow chart of the reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 5/13 is an example diagram of the fifth principle flow chart of the reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 6/13 is the first principle thermal system diagram of the single working fluid combined cycle heat pump device provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 7/13 is the second principle thermal system diagram of the single working fluid combined cycle heat pump device provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 8/13 is the third principle thermal system diagram of the single working fluid combined cycle heat pump device provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 9/13 is a fourth principle thermal system diagram of the single working fluid combined cycle heat pump device provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 10/13 is the fifth principle thermal system diagram of the single working fluid combined cycle heat pump device provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 11/13 is the sixth principle thermal system diagram of the single working fluid combined cycle heat pump device provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 12/13 is the seventh principle thermal system diagram of the single working fluid combined cycle heat pump device provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 13/13 is a schematic diagram of the eighth principle thermal system of the single working fluid combined cycle heat pump device provided by the present invention.
  • the working medium is carried out——M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid endothermic heating process 23, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid pressure rising process 34, (M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid endothermic heating process 45, (M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid boosting pressure heating process 56, (M 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working fluid exothermic cooling process 67, M 2 kg working fluid Mass depressurization and expansion process 72, M 1 kg working fluid exothermic cooling, liquefaction and condensate exothermic cooling process 78, M 1 kg working fluid condensate depressurization process 81-a total of 9 processes.
  • (M 1 +M 2 ) kilograms of working fluid is used for the heat release of the 67 process for the heated medium, or at the same time for the heated medium and the heat demand of the 45 process (regeneration); M 1 kilogram of working fluid carries out the heat release of the 78 process, and its high temperature part is mainly used for (M 1 +M 2 ) kilograms of working fluid to complete the heat demand of the 45 process or used for the heated medium at the same time, and the low temperature part is mainly used for (M 1 + M 2 ) kilograms of working fluid completes 23 process heat requirements.
  • M 1 kg of working fluid undergoes 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, which is provided by the refrigerated medium or low-temperature heat source;
  • M 1 +M 2 kg of working fluid performs 23 processes of heat absorption, which can be used To obtain the low-temperature heat load, or partly used to obtain the low-temperature heat load and partly satisfied by the regenerative heat, or completely satisfied by the regenerative heat;
  • 3Energy conversion process-(M 1 + M 2 ) the two processes of 34 and 56 kilograms of working fluid are generally completed by compressors, requiring mechanical energy; M 2 kilograms of working fluid for 72 processes are completed by an expander and provide mechanical energy, M
  • the 81 process of 1 kilogram of working fluid can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the pressure-reducing expansion work is less than the pressure-boosting work, and the insufficient part (the net cycle power) is provided by the outside, forming a reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle.
  • the working medium is carried out——M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid endothermic heating process 23, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid pressure rising process 34, (M 1 + M 2) kg refrigerant endothermic heating process 45, (M 1 + M 2 ) boosting kg working fluid heating process 56, M 2 kg refrigerant heat cooling process 67, M 2 kg refrigerant expansion process down 72, M 1 kg working fluid boosting and heating process 68, M 1 kg working fluid exothermic cooling, liquefaction and condensate cooling process 89, M 1 kg working fluid condensate pressure reducing process 91-a total of 10 processes.
  • M 2 kg of working fluid carries out the exothermic process of 67
  • M 1 kilogram of working fluid carries out the exothermic process of 89.
  • the high temperature part is generally used for the heated medium or meets the requirements of (M 1 +M 2 )
  • the heat demand of the high temperature section of the 45 process kilogram of working fluid, the middle and low temperature part is generally used for the heat demand of the low temperature section of the 23 process and the 45 process of the (M 1 +M 2) kilogram working fluid.
  • M 1 kg of working fluid undergoes 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, which is provided by the refrigerated medium or low-temperature heat source;
  • M 1 +M 2 kg of working fluid performs 23 processes of heat absorption, which can be used To obtain the low-temperature heat load, or partly used to obtain the low-temperature heat load and partly satisfied by the regenerative heat, or completely satisfied by the regenerative heat;
  • 3Energy conversion process-(M 1 + M 2 ) kilogram of working fluid for 34 and 56 processes and M 1 kilogram of working fluid for 68 process are generally completed by compressors, which require mechanical energy; M 2 kilograms of working fluid for 72 processes are performed by The expander completes and provides mechanical energy .
  • the pressure reduction process 91 of M 1 kg of working fluid can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the pressure-reducing expansion work is less than the pressure-boosting work, and the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided by the outside. Reverse single working substance steam combined cycle.
  • the working medium is carried out——M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid endothermic heating process 23, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid pressure rising process 34, (M 1 +M 2 )Kg working fluid endothermic heating process 45, (M 1 +M 2 )Kg working fluid boosting and heating process 56, M 2 kg working fluid boosting and heating process 67, M 2 kg working fluid exothermic and cooling process 78, M 2 kg of working fluid depressurization expansion process 82, M 1 kg of working fluid exothermic cooling, liquefaction and condensate exothermic cooling process 69, M 1 kg of working fluid condensate depressurization process 91-a total of 10 processes.
  • M 1 kg of working fluid undergoes 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, which is provided by the refrigerated medium or low-temperature heat source;
  • M 1 +M 2 kg of working fluid performs 23 processes of heat absorption, which can be used To obtain the low-temperature heat load, or partly used to obtain the low-temperature heat load and partly satisfied by the regenerative heat, or completely satisfied by the regenerative heat;
  • 3Energy conversion process-(M 1 + M 2 ) kilogram of working fluid for 34 and 56 processes and M 2 kilogram of working fluid for 67 processes are generally completed by compressors, which require mechanical energy; M 2 kilograms of working fluid for 82 processes are performed by The expander completes and provides mechanical energy .
  • the pressure reduction process 91 of M 1 kg of working fluid can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the pressure-reducing expansion work is less than the pressure-boosting work, and the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided by the outside. Reverse single working substance steam combined cycle.
  • the working medium is carried out——M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid endothermic heating process 23, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid pressure rising process 34, (M 1 +M 2 ) Endothermic heating process of kilogram working fluid 45, M 2 kilogram working fluid endothermic heating process 56, M 2 kilogram working fluid boosting and heating process 67, M 2 kilogram working fluid exothermic and cooling process 78, M 2 kg Working fluid depressurization expansion process 82, M 1 kg working fluid pressure rising and heating process 59, M 1 kg working fluid heat release and cooling, liquefaction and condensate heat release and cooling process 9a, M 1 kg working fluid condensate depressurization process a1— -A total of 11 processes.
  • M 2 kg of working fluid carries out the exothermic process of 78
  • M 1 kilogram of working fluid carries out the exothermic process of 9a.
  • the high temperature part is generally used for the heated medium
  • the medium and low temperature part is generally used for (M 1 +M 2 )
  • M 1 kg of working fluid undergoes 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, which is provided by the refrigerated medium or low-temperature heat source;
  • M 1 +M 2 kg of working fluid performs 23 processes of heat absorption, which can be used To obtain low-temperature heat load, or partly to obtain low-temperature heat load and partly to be satisfied by regenerative heat, or all to be satisfied by regenerative heat;
  • M 1 +M 2 kilogram of working fluid for 45 process heat absorption, and M 2
  • the heat demand for the process of 56 kilograms of working fluid can be met by reheating.
  • the pressure reduction process a1 of M 1 kg of working fluid can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the pressure-reducing expansion work is less than the pressure boosting work, and the insufficient part (cycle Net work) is provided by the outside, forming a reverse single working substance steam combined cycle.
  • the working medium is carried out——M 1 kg working fluid endothermic vaporization process 12, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid endothermic heating process 23, (M 1 +M 2 ) kg working fluid pressure rising process 34, (M 1 +M 2 )Kg working fluid endothermic heating process 45, M 2 kg working fluid pressure increasing process 56, M 2 kg working fluid exothermic cooling process 67, M 2 kg working fluid depressurizing expansion process 72, M 1 kg Working fluid endothermic heating process 58, M 1 kg working fluid pressure rising and heating process 89, M 1 kg working fluid exothermic cooling, liquefaction and condensate cooling process 9a, M 1 kg working fluid condensate pressure reduction process a1— -A total of 11 processes.
  • M 1 kg of working fluid undergoes 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, which is provided by the refrigerated medium or low-temperature heat source;
  • M 1 +M 2 kg of working fluid performs 23 processes of heat absorption, which can be used To obtain low-temperature heat load, or partly to obtain low-temperature heat load and partly to be satisfied by regenerative heat, or all to be satisfied by regenerative heat;
  • M 1 +M 2 kilogram of working fluid for 45 process heat absorption, and M 1
  • the heat demand of the 58 process for kilograms of working fluid can be met by reheating.
  • the pressure reduction process a1 of M 1 kilogram of working fluid can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; Work) is provided by the outside, forming a reverse single-working-substance steam combined cycle.
  • the single working substance combined cycle heat pump device shown in Figure 6/13 is realized as follows:
  • the second compressor 2 also has a circulating working medium channel that communicates with the compressor 1 through a second heat regenerator 8; the heat supplier 5 also has a heated medium channel that communicates with the outside, and the evaporator 6 also has a low-temperature heat medium channel that communicates with the outside.
  • the expander 3 is connected to the compressor 1 and transmits power.
  • the circulating working fluid discharged from the expander 3 and the evaporator 6 enters the regenerator 7 to absorb heat and rise, flows through the second compressor 2 to increase the pressure and rise, and flows through the second regenerator 8 to absorb heat and rise. Then it enters the compressor 1 to increase the pressure and heat; the circulating working fluid discharged from the compressor 1 flows through the heater 5 and releases heat, and then is divided into two paths-the first path flows through the expander 3 to reduce pressure and then enters the regenerator 7.
  • the second path flows through the second regenerator 8 and the regenerator 7 to gradually release heat and condense, flow through the throttle valve 4 for throttling and pressure reduction, and enter the evaporator 6; the circulating working fluid that enters the evaporator 6 absorbs heat and vaporizes , Then enter the regenerator 7; the heated medium obtains the high temperature heat load through the heat supply 5, the low temperature heat medium provides the low temperature heat load through the evaporator 6, and the outside and the expander 3 jointly provide the compressor 1 and the second compressor 2. Power, forming a single working substance combined cycle heat pump device.
  • the single working substance combined cycle heat pump device shown in Figure 7/13 is realized as follows:
  • the circulating working fluid discharged from the expander 3 and the evaporator 6 enters the regenerator 7 to absorb heat and rise, flows through the second compressor 2 to increase the pressure and rise, and flows through the second regenerator 8 to absorb heat and rise. Then it enters the compressor 1 to increase the pressure and heat; the circulating working fluid discharged from the compressor 1 flows through the heater 5 and releases heat, and then is divided into two paths-the first path flows through the expander 3 to reduce pressure and then enters the regenerator 7.
  • the second path flows through the second regenerator 8 and the regenerator 7 to gradually release heat and condense, flow through the turbine 9 to reduce pressure and enter the evaporator 6; the circulating working fluid entering the evaporator 6 absorbs heat and vaporizes, and then Enter the regenerator 7; the heated medium obtains the high temperature heat load through the heat supply 5, the low temperature heat medium provides low temperature heat load through the evaporator 6, and the outside, the expander 3 and the turbine 9 jointly provide the compressor 1 and the second compressor 2 Provide power to form a single working substance combined cycle heat pump device.
  • the single working substance combined cycle heat pump device shown in Figure 8/13 is realized as follows:
  • the machine 1 has a circulating working medium channel connected to the heat supply 5 and then divided into two paths-the first path is connected to the heat regenerator 7 via the expander 3, and the second path is connected to the second heat supply 10 and the second heat regenerator 8 Connected, the second regenerator 8 has a circulating working medium channel to communicate with the regenerator 7, and then the regenerator 7 has a condensate pipe connected to the evaporator 6 through the throttle valve 4, and the evaporator 6 also has a circulating working medium.
  • the passage is in communication with the regenerator 7, and the regenerator 7 has a circulating working medium passage in communication with the second compressor 2, and the second compressor 2 also has a circulating working medium passage in communication with the compressor 1 through the second regenerator 8;
  • the heat supplier 5 and the second heat supplier 10 respectively have a medium to be heated channel to communicate with the outside, the evaporator 6 also has a low-temperature heat medium channel to communicate with the outside, and the expander 3 is connected to the compressor 1 and transmits power.
  • the circulating working fluid discharged from the expander 3 and the evaporator 6 enters the regenerator 7 to absorb heat and rise, flows through the second compressor 2 to increase the pressure and rise, and flows through the second regenerator 8 to absorb heat and rise. Then it enters the compressor 1 to increase the pressure and heat; the circulating working fluid discharged from the compressor 1 flows through the heater 5 and releases heat, and then is divided into two paths-the first path flows through the expander 3 to reduce pressure and then enters the regenerator 7.
  • the second path flows through the second heat supply 10, the second heat regenerator 8 and the heat regenerator 7 to gradually release heat and condense, flow through the throttle valve 4 to throttle and reduce the pressure and enter the evaporator 6; enter the evaporator 6
  • the circulating working fluid absorbs heat and vaporizes, and then enters the regenerator 7; the heated medium obtains the high temperature heat load through the heat supply 5 and the second heat supply 10, and the low temperature heat medium provides low temperature heat load through the evaporator 6, external and expansion
  • the engine 3 jointly provides power to the compressor 1 and the second compressor 2 to form a single working fluid combined cycle heat pump device.
  • the single working substance combined cycle heat pump device shown in Figure 9/13 is realized as follows:
  • the circulating working fluid channel is connected to the high temperature regenerator 11 through the heat supply 5 and then divided into two paths-the first path is connected to the heat regenerator 7 through the expander 3, and the second path is connected to the heat regenerator 7 through the second heat regenerator 8
  • the heat regenerator 7 has a condensate pipe connected with the evaporator 6 through the throttle valve 4, and the evaporator 6 also has a circulating working medium channel that communicates with the heat regenerator 7, and the regenerator 7 also has a circulation process.
  • the mass passage is connected to the second compressor 2, and the second compressor 2 has a circulating working medium passage that communicates with the compressor 1 through the second regenerator 8 and the high-temperature regenerator 11; the heat supplier 5 also has a medium to be heated passage In communication with the outside, the evaporator 6 has a low-temperature heat medium channel to communicate with the outside, and the expander 3 is connected to the compressor 1 and transmits power.
  • the circulating working fluid discharged from the expander 3 and the evaporator 6 enters the regenerator 7 to absorb heat and increase the temperature, flows through the second compressor 2 to increase the pressure and increase, and then flows through the second regenerator 8 and high temperature recuperation.
  • the device 11 gradually absorbs heat and rises, and then enters the compressor 1 to increase the pressure; the circulating working fluid discharged from the compressor 1 flows through the heat supply 5 and the high-temperature regenerator 11 to gradually release heat and cool, and then divides into two paths-the first path After flowing through the expander 3 to reduce pressure, it enters the regenerator 7.
  • the second path flows through the second regenerator 8 and the regenerator 7 to gradually release heat and condense, and flows through the throttle valve 4 to throttle and reduce pressure and enter the evaporation
  • the circulating working fluid that enters the evaporator 6 absorbs heat and vaporizes, and then enters the regenerator 7; the heated medium obtains high temperature heat load through the heater 5, and the low temperature heat medium provides low temperature heat load through the evaporator 6, external and expansion
  • the engine 3 jointly provides power to the compressor 1 and the second compressor 2 to form a single working fluid combined cycle heat pump device.
  • the single working substance combined cycle heat pump device shown in Figure 10/13 is realized as follows:
  • the machine 1 has a first circulating working medium channel connected with the second heat supply device 10
  • the second heat supply device 10 has a circulating working medium channel connected with the regenerator 7 through the expander 3
  • the compressor 1 has a second circulating working medium channel.
  • the mass channel is connected with the heat supply 5, and the heat supply 5 has a circulating working medium channel through the second heat regenerator 8 and the heat regenerator 7 after which the heat regenerator 7 has a condensate pipeline through the throttle valve 4 and the evaporation
  • the evaporator 6 also has a circulating working medium channel that communicates with the regenerator 7, and the regenerator 7 also has a circulating working medium channel that communicates with the second compressor 2.
  • the second compressor 2 also has a circulating working medium channel through
  • the second regenerator 8 is in communication with the compressor 1; the heat supply device 5 and the second heat supply device 10 also each have a heated medium channel connected to the outside, the evaporator 6 also has a low temperature heat medium channel connected to the outside, and the expander 3 Connect compressor 1 and transmit power.
  • the circulating working fluid discharged from the expander 3 and the evaporator 6 enters the regenerator 7 to absorb heat and rise, flows through the second compressor 2 to increase the pressure and rise, and flows through the second regenerator 8 to absorb heat and rise.
  • the compressor 1 After entering the compressor 1 to increase the pressure to a certain degree, it is divided into two paths-the first path flows through the second heat supply device 10 to release heat, flows through the expander 3 to reduce pressure and enters the regenerator 7, and the second path continues Increase the pressure and increase the temperature, flow through the heat supply 5 to release heat, flow through the second regenerator 8 and the regenerator 7 to gradually release heat and condense, flow through the throttle valve 4 to throttle and reduce the pressure and enter the evaporator 6; enter the evaporator
  • the circulating working fluid of 6 absorbs heat and vaporizes, and then enters the regenerator 7; the heated medium obtains high temperature heat load through the heat supply 5 and the second heat supply 10, and the low temperature heat medium provides low temperature heat load through the evaporator 6.
  • the expander 3 jointly provides power to the compressor 1 and the second compressor 2 to form a single working fluid combined cycle heat pump device.
  • the single working substance combined cycle heat pump device shown in Figure 11/13 is realized as follows:
  • the machine 1 has a first circulating working medium channel connected with the heat supplier 5, and the heat supplier 5 also has a circulating working medium channel connected with the heat regenerator 7 through the second heat regenerator 8, and then the heat regenerator 7 has a condensate pipeline.
  • the evaporator 6 is connected to the evaporator 6 through the throttle valve 4, the evaporator 6 also has a circulating working medium channel which is connected to the heat regenerator 7, and the compressor 1 also has a second circulating working medium channel which is connected to the second heat supplier 10.
  • the heat exchanger 10 also has a circulating working medium passage that communicates with the regenerator 7 through the expander 3, and the regenerator 7 also has a circulating working medium passage that communicates with the second compressor 2, and the second compressor 2 also has a circulating working medium passage through
  • the second regenerator 8 is in communication with the compressor 1; the heat supply device 5 and the second heat supply device 10 also each have a heated medium channel connected to the outside, the evaporator 6 also has a low temperature heat medium channel connected to the outside, and the expander 3 Connect compressor 1 and transmit power.
  • the circulating working fluid discharged from the expander 3 and the evaporator 6 enters the regenerator 7 to absorb heat and rise, flows through the second compressor 2 to increase the pressure and rise, and flows through the second regenerator 8 to absorb heat and rise.
  • the compressor 1 After entering the compressor 1 to increase the pressure and heat up to a certain level, it is divided into two paths-the first path flows through the heat supply 5 to release heat, flows through the second regenerator 8 and the regenerator 7 to gradually release heat and condense, and flows through the throttling
  • the valve 4 throttling and reducing pressure and enters the evaporator 6 the second path continues to increase the pressure and increase the temperature, flows through the second heat supplier 10 to release heat, flows through the expander 3 to reduce pressure and enters the regenerator 7; enters the evaporator
  • the circulating working fluid of 6 absorbs heat and vaporizes, and then enters the regenerator 7; the heated medium obtains high temperature heat load through the heat supply 5 and the second heat supply 10, and the low temperature heat medium provides low temperature heat load through the evaporator 6.
  • the expander 3 jointly provides power to the compressor 1 and the second compressor 2 to form a single working fluid combined cycle heat pump device.
  • the single working substance combined cycle heat pump device shown in Figure 12/13 is realized as follows:
  • Compressor 1 has a circulating working medium channel connected to the heat supply 5, and the heat supply 5 also has a circulating working medium channel connected to the regenerator 7 through the second regenerator 8 and then the regenerator 7 has condensation
  • the liquid pipeline communicates with the evaporator 6 through the throttle valve 4, the evaporator 6 also has a circulating working medium channel connected with the regenerator 7, and the regenerator 7 has a circulating working medium channel connected with the second compressor 2.
  • Compressor 2 also has a circulating working medium channel that communicates with compressor 1 and newly added compressor A after passing through the second regenerator 8, and the newly added compressor A also has a circulating working medium channel that communicates with the second heat supplier 10.
  • the second heat supply device 10 also has a circulating working medium channel that communicates with the heat regenerator 7 via the expander 3; the heat supply device 5 and the second heat supply device 10 also have a heated medium channel that communicates with the outside, respectively, and the evaporator 6 also has The low-temperature heat medium channel is connected to the outside, and the expander 3 is connected to the newly added compressor A and transmits power.
  • the circulating working fluid discharged from the expander 3 and the evaporator 6 enters the regenerator 7 to absorb heat and rise, flows through the second compressor 2 to increase the pressure and rise, and flows through the second regenerator 8 to absorb heat and rise.
  • the first path flows through the newly added compressor A to increase the pressure and temperature, through the second heater 10 to release heat, through the expander 3 to reduce pressure and enter the regenerator 7, the second path
  • the circulating working fluid entering the evaporator 6 absorbs heat and vaporizes, and then enters the regenerator 7; the heated medium obtains high temperature heat load through the heat supply device 5 and the second heat supply device 10, and the low temperature heat medium provides low temperature through the evaporator 6.
  • the external and expander 3 jointly provide power to the compressor 1, the second compressor 2 and the newly added compressor A to form a single working fluid combined cycle heat pump device.
  • the single working substance combined cycle heat pump device shown in Figure 13/13 is realized as follows:
  • the circulating working fluid in the external steam state enters the regenerator 7, the circulating working fluid discharged from the expander 3 enters the regenerator 7, and the two circulating working fluids absorb heat in the regenerator 7, and flow through
  • the second compressor 2 boosts pressure and heats up, flows through the second regenerator 8 to absorb heat and heats up, and then enters the compressor 1 to boost pressure and heat up;
  • the circulating working fluid discharged from the compressor 1 flows through the heat supply device 5 and releases heat, and then divides into two Path-the first path flows through the expander 3 to reduce pressure and then enters the regenerator 7, and the second path flows through the second regenerator 8 and the regenerator 7 to gradually release heat and condense before being discharged to the outside;
  • the heated medium passes through
  • the heater 5 obtains the high temperature heat load
  • the external steam provides low temperature heat load through the in and out process
  • the outside and the expander 3 jointly provide power to the compressor 1 and the second compressor 2 to form a single working fluid combined cycle heat pump device.
  • a single working fluid is conducive to production and storage; operating costs are reduced, and the flexibility of device adjustment is high.
  • the low-pressure operation mode is adopted in the high-temperature heating zone to alleviate or solve the contradiction between the performance index, circulating medium parameters and the pressure and temperature resistance of pipes in traditional refrigeration and heat pump devices.
  • the working fluid has a wide application range, can well adapt to the energy supply demand, and the matching between the working fluid and the working parameters is flexible.

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Abstract

逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环与联合循环热泵装置，属于热力学、制冷与热泵技术领域。由M1千克和M2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的九个过程——M1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M1+M2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M1+M2)千克工质升压过程34，(M1+M2)千克工质吸热过程45，(M1+M2)千克工质升压过程56，(M1+M2)千克工质放热过程67，M2千克工质降压过程72，M1千克工质放热冷凝过程78，M1千克工质降压过程81——构成逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环；以此循环为原理得到相应联合循环热泵装置。

Description

逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环与单工质联合循环热泵装置 技术领域：
本发明属于热力学、制冷与热泵技术领域。
背景技术：
冷需求、热需求和动力需求，为人类生活与生产当中所常见；其中，利用机械能转换为热能是实现制冷和高效供热的重要方式。一般情况下，制冷时冷却介质的温度是变化的，制热时被加热介质的温度往往也是变化的；很多时候冷却介质或被加热介质同时具有变温和高温双重特点，这使得采用单一热力循环理论实现制冷或供热时性能指数不合理；这些存在的问题主要是——性能指数不合理，供热参数不高，压缩比较高，工作压力太大。
从基础理论看，长久以来存在重大不足：(1)采用逆向朗肯循环为理论基础的蒸汽压缩式制冷或制热循环，放热主要依靠冷凝过程，导致放热时工质与被加热介质之间温差损失大；同时，冷凝液的降压过程损失较大或利用代价高；采用超临界工况时，压缩比较高，使得压缩机的制造代价大，且安全性降低。(2)采用逆向布雷顿循环为理论基础的气体压缩式制冷或制热循环，要求压缩比较低，这限制了供热参数的提高；同时，低温过程是变温的且变化快，这使得制冷或制热时低温环节往往存在较大的温差损失，性能指数不理想。
在热科学基础理论体系中，热力循环的创建及发展应用将对能源利用的飞跃起到重大作用，将积极推动社会进步和生产力发展；其中，逆向热力循环是机械能制冷或制热利用装置的理论基础，也是相关能源利用***的核心。针对长久存在的问题，从简单、主动和高效地利用机械能进行制冷或制热的原则出发，力求为制冷或热泵装置的简单、主动和高效提供基本理论支撑，本发明提出了逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环和单工质联合循环热泵装置。
发明内容：
本发明主要目的是要提供逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环和单工质联合循环热泵装置，具体发明内容分项阐述如下：
1.逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的九个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程45，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程56，(M 1+M 2)千克工质放热过程67，M 2千克工质降压过程72，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程78，M 1千克工质降压过程81——组成的闭合过程。
2.逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的十个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程45，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程56，M 2千克工质放热过程67，M 2千克工质降压过程72，M 1千克工质升压过程68，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程89，M 1千克工质降压过程91——组成的闭合过程。
3.逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的十个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程45，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程56， M 2千克工质升压过程67，M 2千克工质放热过程78，M 2千克工质降压过程82，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程69，M 1千克工质降压过程91——组成的闭合过程。
4.逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的十一个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程45，M 2千克工质吸热过程56，M 2千克工质升压过程67，M 2千克工质放热过程78，M 2千克工质降压过程82，M 1千克工质升压过程59，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程9a，M 1千克工质降压过程a1——组成的闭合过程。
5.逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的十一个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程45，M 2千克工质升压过程56，M 2千克工质放热过程67，M 2千克工质降压过程72，M 1千克工质吸热过程58，M 1千克工质升压过程89，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程9a，M 1千克工质降压过程a1——组成的闭合过程。
6.单工质联合循环热泵装置，主要由压缩机、第二压缩机、膨胀机、节流阀、供热器、蒸发器、回热器和第二回热器所组成；压缩机有循环工质通道与供热器连通之后分成两路——第一路经膨胀机与回热器连通，第二路经第二回热器与回热器连通之后回热器再有冷凝液管路经节流阀与蒸发器连通，蒸发器还有循环工质通道与回热器连通，回热器还有循环工质通道与第二压缩机连通，第二压缩机还有循环工质通道经第二回热器与压缩机连通；供热器还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，蒸发器还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机连接压缩机并传输动力，形成单工质联合循环热泵装置。
7.单工质联合循环热泵装置，主要由压缩机、第二压缩机、膨胀机、节流阀、供热器、蒸发器、回热器、第二回热器和第二供热器所组成；压缩机有循环工质通道与供热器连通之后分成两路——第一路经膨胀机与回热器连通，第二路经第二供热器与第二回热器连通，第二回热器还有循环工质通道与回热器连通之后回热器再有冷凝液管路经节流阀与蒸发器连通，蒸发器还有循环工质通道与回热器连通，回热器还有循环工质通道与第二压缩机连通，第二压缩机还有循环工质通道经第二回热器与压缩机连通；供热器和第二供热器还分别有被加热介质通道与外部连通，蒸发器还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机连接压缩机并传输动力，形成单工质联合循环热泵装置。
8.单工质联合循环热泵装置，主要由压缩机、第二压缩机、膨胀机、节流阀、供热器、蒸发器、回热器、第二回热器和高温回热器所组成；压缩机有循环工质通道经供热器与高温回热器连通之后分成两路——第一路经膨胀机与回热器连通，第二路经第二回热器与回热器连通之后回热器再有冷凝液管路经节流阀与蒸发器连通，蒸发器还有循环工质通道与回热器连通，回热器还有循环工质通道与第二压缩机连通，第二压缩机还有循环工质通道经第二回热器和高温回热器与压缩机连通；供热器还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，蒸发器还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机连接压缩机并传输动力，形成单工质联合循环热泵装置。
9.单工质联合循环热泵装置，主要由压缩机、第二压缩机、膨胀机、节流阀、供热器、 蒸发器、回热器、第二回热器、第二供热器和高温回热器所组成；压缩机有循环工质通道经供热器与高温回热器连通之后分成两路——第一路经膨胀机与回热器连通，第二路经第二供热器与第二回热器连通，第二回热器还有循环工质通道与回热器连通之后回热器再有冷凝液管路经节流阀与蒸发器连通，蒸发器还有循环工质通道与回热器连通，回热器还有循环工质通道与第二压缩机连通，第二压缩机还有循环工质通道经第二回热器和高温回热器与压缩机连通；供热器和第二供热器还分别有被加热介质通道与外部连通，蒸发器还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机连接压缩机并传输动力，形成单工质联合循环热泵装置。
10.单工质联合循环热泵装置，主要由压缩机、第二压缩机、膨胀机、节流阀、供热器、蒸发器、回热器、第二回热器和第二供热器所组成；压缩机有第一循环工质通道与第二供热器连通，第二供热器还有循环工质通道经膨胀机与回热器连通，压缩机还有第二循环工质通道与供热器连通，供热器还有循环工质通道经第二回热器与回热器连通之后回热器再有冷凝液管路经节流阀与蒸发器连通，蒸发器还有循环工质通道与回热器连通，回热器还有循环工质通道与第二压缩机连通，第二压缩机还有循环工质通道经第二回热器与压缩机连通；供热器和第二供热器还分别有被加热介质通道与外部连通，蒸发器还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机连接压缩机并传输动力，形成单工质联合循环热泵装置。
11.单工质联合循环热泵装置，主要由压缩机、第二压缩机、膨胀机、节流阀、供热器、蒸发器、回热器、第二回热器和第二供热器所组成；压缩机有第一循环工质通道与供热器连通，供热器还有循环工质通道经第二回热器与回热器连通之后回热器再有冷凝液管路经节流阀与蒸发器连通，蒸发器还有循环工质通道与回热器连通，压缩机还有第二循环工质通道与第二供热器连通，第二供热器还有循环工质通道经膨胀机与回热器连通，回热器还有循环工质通道与第二压缩机连通，第二压缩机还有循环工质通道经第二回热器与压缩机连通；供热器和第二供热器还分别有被加热介质通道与外部连通，蒸发器还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机连接压缩机并传输动力，形成单工质联合循环热泵装置。
12.单工质联合循环热泵装置，主要由压缩机、第二压缩机、膨胀机、节流阀、供热器、蒸发器、回热器、第二回热器、新增压缩机和第二供热器所组成；压缩机有循环工质通道与供热器连通，供热器还有循环工质通道经第二回热器与回热器连通之后回热器再有冷凝液管路经节流阀与蒸发器连通，蒸发器还有循环工质通道与回热器连通，回热器还有循环工质通道与第二压缩机连通，第二压缩机还有循环工质通道经第二回热器之后分别与压缩机和新增压缩机连通，新增压缩机还有循环工质通道与第二供热器连通，第二供热器还有循环工质通道经膨胀机与回热器连通；供热器和第二供热器还分别有被加热介质通道与外部连通，蒸发器还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机连接新增压缩机并传输动力，形成单工质联合循环热泵装置。
13.单工质联合循环热泵装置，是在第6-13项所述的任一一款单工质联合循环热泵装置中，取消节流阀，增加涡轮机，将回热器有冷凝液管路经节流阀与蒸发器连通调整为回热器有冷凝液管路经涡轮机与蒸发器连通，涡轮机连接压缩机并传输动力，形成单工质联合循环热泵装置。
14.单工质联合循环热泵装置，是在第6-13项所述的任一一款单工质联合循环热泵装置中，取消蒸发器和节流阀，取消蒸发器与外部连通的低温热介质通道，将蒸发器有循环 工质通道与回热器连通调整为外部有蒸汽通道与回热器连通，将回热器有冷凝液管路经节流阀与蒸发器连通调整为回热器有冷凝液管路与外部连通，形成单工质联合循环热泵装置。
附图说明：
图1/13是依据本发明所提供的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环第1种原则性流程示例图。
图2/13是依据本发明所提供的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环第2种原则性流程示例图。
图3/13是依据本发明所提供的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环第3种原则性流程示例图。
图4/13是依据本发明所提供的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环第4种原则性流程示例图。
图5/13是依据本发明所提供的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环第5种原则性流程示例图。
图6/13是依据本发明所提供的单工质联合循环热泵装置第1种原则性热力***图。
图7/13是依据本发明所提供的单工质联合循环热泵装置第2种原则性热力***图。
图8/13是依据本发明所提供的单工质联合循环热泵装置第3种原则性热力***图。
图9/13是依据本发明所提供的单工质联合循环热泵装置第4种原则性热力***图。
图10/13是依据本发明所提供的单工质联合循环热泵装置第5种原则性热力***图。
图11/13是依据本发明所提供的单工质联合循环热泵装置第6种原则性热力***图。
图12/13是依据本发明所提供的单工质联合循环热泵装置第7种原则性热力***图。
图13/13是依据本发明所提供的单工质联合循环热泵装置第8种原则性热力***图。
图中，1-压缩机，2-第二压缩机，3-膨胀机，4-节流阀，5-供热器，6-蒸发器，7-回热器，8-第二回热器，9-涡轮机，10-第二供热器，11-高温回热器；A-新增压缩机。
具体实施方式：
首先要说明的是，在流程的表述上，非必要情况下不重复进行，对显而易见的流程不作表述；下面结合附图和实例详细描述本发明。
图1/13所示T-s图中的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环示例是这样进行的：
(1)从循环过程上看：
工作介质进行——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压升温过程34，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程45，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压升温过程56，(M 1+M 2)千克工质放热降温过程67，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程72，M 1千克工质放热降温、液化和冷凝液放热降温过程78，M 1千克工质冷凝液降压过程81——共9个过程。
(2)从能量转换上看：
①放热过程——一般地，(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行67过程的放热用于被加热介质，或者同时用于被加热介质和45过程的热需求(回热)；M 1千克工质进行78过程的放热，其高温部分主要用于(M 1+M 2)千克工质完成45过程的热需求或同时用于被加热介质，低温部分主要用于(M 1+M 2)千克工质完成23过程热需求。
②吸热过程——一般地，M 1千克工质进行12过程获取低温热负荷，由被制冷介质或低温热源来提供；(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程的吸热，可用于获取低温热负荷，或者部分用于获取低温热负荷而部分由回热来满足，或者全部由回热来满足；(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行45过程的吸热，主要由回热来满足。
③能量转换过程——(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行34、56两过程一般由压缩机来完成， 需要机械能；M 2千克工质进行72过程由膨胀机来完成并提供机械能，M 1千克工质进行81过程可由涡轮机或节流阀来完成；降压膨胀作功小于升压耗功，不足部分(循环净功)由外部提供，形成逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环。
图2/13所示T-s图中的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环示例是这样进行的：
(1)从循环过程上看：
工作介质进行——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压升温过程34，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程45，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压升温过程56，M 2千克工质放热降温过程67，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程72，M 1千克工质升压升温过程68，M 1千克工质放热降温、液化和冷凝液放热降温过程89，M 1千克工质冷凝液降压过程91——共10个过程。
(2)从能量转换上看：
①放热过程——一般地，M 2千克工质进行67过程的放热，以及M 1千克工质进行89过程的放热，高温部分一般用于被加热介质或同时满足(M 1+M 2)千克工质45过程高温段热需求，中、低温部分一般用于(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程和45过程低温段的热需求。
②吸热过程——一般地，M 1千克工质进行12过程获取低温热负荷，由被制冷介质或低温热源来提供；(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程的吸热，可用于获取低温热负荷，或者部分用于获取低温热负荷而部分由回热来满足，或者全部由回热来满足；(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行45过程的吸热，主要由回热来满足。
③能量转换过程——(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行34、56两过程和M 1千克工质进行68过程一般由压缩机来完成，需要机械能；M 2千克工质进行72过程由膨胀机来完成并提供机械能，M 1千克工质的降压过程91可由涡轮机或节流阀来完成；降压膨胀作功小于升压耗功，不足部分(循环净功)由外部提供，形成逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环。
图3/13所示T-s图中的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环示例是这样进行的：
(1)从循环过程上看：
工作介质进行——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压升温过程34，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程45，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压升温过程56，M 2千克工质升压升温过程67，M 2千克工质放热降温过程78，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程82，M 1千克工质放热降温、液化和冷凝液放热降温过程69，M 1千克工质冷凝液降压过程91——共10个过程。
(2)从能量转换上看：
①放热过程——一般地，M 2千克工质进行78过程的放热，以及M 1千克工质进行69过程的放热，高温部分一般用于被加热介质，中、低温部分一般用于(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23、45过程的热需求。
②吸热过程——一般地，M 1千克工质进行12过程获取低温热负荷，由被制冷介质或低温热源来提供；(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程的吸热，可用于获取低温热负荷，或者部分用于获取低温热负荷而部分由回热来满足，或者全部由回热来满足；(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行45过程的吸热，主要由回热来满足。
③能量转换过程——(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行34、56两过程和M 2千克工质进行67过程一般由压缩机来完成，需要机械能；M 2千克工质进行82过程由膨胀机来完成并提供机械能，M 1千克工质的降压过程91可由涡轮机或节流阀来完成；降压膨胀作功小于升压耗功，不足部分(循环净功)由外部提供，形成逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环。
图4/13所示T-s图中的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环示例是这样进行的：
(1)从循环过程上看：
工作介质进行——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压升温过程34，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程45，M 2千克工质吸热升温过程56，M 2千克工质升压升温过程67，M 2千克工质放热降温过程78，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程82，M 1千克工质升压升温过程59，M 1千克工质放热降温、液化和冷凝液放热降温过程9a，M 1千克工质冷凝液降压过程a1——共11个过程。
(2)从能量转换上看：
①放热过程——一般地，M 2千克工质进行78过程的放热，以及M 1千克工质进行9a过程的放热，高温部分一般用于被加热介质，中、低温部分一般用于(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23、45两过程和M 2千克工质进行56过程的热需求。
②吸热过程——一般地，M 1千克工质进行12过程获取低温热负荷，由被制冷介质或低温热源来提供；(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程的吸热，可用于获取低温热负荷，或者部分用于获取低温热负荷而部分由回热来满足，或者全部由回热来满足；(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行45过程的吸热，以及M 2千克工质进行56过程的热需求，可由回热来满足。
③能量转换过程——(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行34过程，M 1千克工质进行59过程，以及M 2千克工质进行67过程，一般由压缩机来完成，需要机械能；M 2千克工质进行82过程由膨胀机来完成并提供机械能，M 1千克工质的降压过程a1可由涡轮机或节流阀来完成；降压膨胀作功小于升压耗功，不足部分(循环净功)由外部提供，形成逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环。
图5/13所示T-s图中的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环示例是这样进行的：
(1)从循环过程上看：
工作介质进行——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压升温过程34，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热升温过程45，M 2千克工质升压升温过程56，M 2千克工质放热降温过程67，M 2千克工质降压膨胀过程72，M 1千克工质吸热升温过程58，M 1千克工质升压升温过程89，M 1千克工质放热降温、液化和冷凝液放热降温过程9a，M 1千克工质冷凝液降压过程a1——共11个过程。
(2)从能量转换上看：
①放热过程——M 2千克工质进行67过程的放热，以及M 1千克工质进行9a过程的放热，高温部分一般用于被加热介质，中、低温部分一般用于(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23、45两过程和M 1千克工质进行58过程的热需求。
②吸热过程——一般地，M 1千克工质进行12过程获取低温热负荷，由被制冷介质或低温热源来提供；(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行23过程的吸热，可用于获取低温热负荷，或者部分用于获取低温热负荷而部分由回热来满足，或者全部由回热来满足；(M 1+M 2)千克 工质进行45过程的吸热，以及M 1千克工质进行58过程的热需求，可由回热来满足。
③能量转换过程——(M 1+M 2)千克工质进行34过程，M 1千克工质进行89过程以及M 2千克工质进行56过程，一般由压缩机来完成，需要机械能；M 2千克工质进行72过程由膨胀机来完成并提供机械能，M 1千克工质的降压过程a1可由涡轮机或节流阀来完成；降压膨胀作功小于升压耗功，不足部分(循环净功)由外部提供，形成逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环。
图6/13所示的单工质联合循环热泵装置是这样实现的：
(1)结构上，它主要由压缩机、第二压缩机、膨胀机、节流阀、供热器、蒸发器、回热器和第二回热器所组成；压缩机1有循环工质通道与供热器5连通之后分成两路——第一路经膨胀机3与回热器7连通，第二路经第二回热器8与回热器7连通之后回热器7再有冷凝液管路经节流阀4与蒸发器6连通，蒸发器6还有循环工质通道与回热器7连通，回热器7还有循环工质通道与第二压缩机2连通，第二压缩机2还有循环工质通道经第二回热器8与压缩机1连通；供热器5还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，蒸发器6还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机3连接压缩机1并传输动力。
(2)流程上，膨胀机3和蒸发器6排放的循环工质进入回热器7吸热升温，流经第二压缩机2升压升温，流经第二回热器8吸热升温，之后进入压缩机1升压升温；压缩机1排放的循环工质流经供热器5并放热，之后分成两路——第一路流经膨胀机3降压作功之后进入回热器7，第二路流经第二回热器8和回热器7逐步放热冷凝、流经节流阀4节流降压和进入蒸发器6；进入蒸发器6的循环工质吸热汽化，之后进入回热器7；被加热介质通过供热器5获取高温热负荷，低温热介质通过蒸发器6提供低温热负荷，外部和膨胀机3共同向压缩机1和第二压缩机2提供动力，形成单工质联合循环热泵装置。
图7/13所示的单工质联合循环热泵装置是这样实现的：
(1)结构上，在图6/13所示的单工质联合循环热泵装置中，取消节流阀，增加涡轮机，将回热器7有冷凝液管路经节流阀4与蒸发器6连通调整为回热器7有冷凝液管路经涡轮机9与蒸发器6连通，涡轮机9连接压缩机1并传输动力。
(2)流程上，膨胀机3和蒸发器6排放的循环工质进入回热器7吸热升温，流经第二压缩机2升压升温，流经第二回热器8吸热升温，之后进入压缩机1升压升温；压缩机1排放的循环工质流经供热器5并放热，之后分成两路——第一路流经膨胀机3降压作功之后进入回热器7，第二路流经第二回热器8和回热器7逐步放热冷凝、流经涡轮机9降压作功和进入蒸发器6；进入蒸发器6的循环工质吸热汽化，之后进入回热器7；被加热介质通过供热器5获取高温热负荷，低温热介质通过蒸发器6提供低温热负荷，外部、膨胀机3和涡轮机9共同向压缩机1和第二压缩机2提供动力，形成单工质联合循环热泵装置。
图8/13所示的单工质联合循环热泵装置是这样实现的：
(1)结构上，它主要由压缩机、第二压缩机、膨胀机、节流阀、供热器、蒸发器、回热器、第二回热器和第二供热器所组成；压缩机1有循环工质通道与供热器5连通之后分成两路——第一路经膨胀机3与回热器7连通，第二路经第二供热器10与第二回热器8连通，第二回热器8还有循环工质通道与回热器7连通之后回热器7再有冷凝液管路经节流阀4与蒸发器6连通，蒸发器6还有循环工质通道与回热器7连通，回热器7还有循环工质通 道与第二压缩机2连通，第二压缩机2还有循环工质通道经第二回热器8与压缩机1连通；供热器5和第二供热器10还分别有被加热介质通道与外部连通，蒸发器6还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机3连接压缩机1并传输动力。
(2)流程上，膨胀机3和蒸发器6排放的循环工质进入回热器7吸热升温，流经第二压缩机2升压升温，流经第二回热器8吸热升温，之后进入压缩机1升压升温；压缩机1排放的循环工质流经供热器5并放热，之后分成两路——第一路流经膨胀机3降压作功之后进入回热器7，第二路流经第二供热器10、第二回热器8和回热器7逐步放热冷凝、流经节流阀4节流降压和进入蒸发器6；进入蒸发器6的循环工质吸热汽化，之后进入回热器7；被加热介质通过供热器5和第二供热器10获取高温热负荷，低温热介质通过蒸发器6提供低温热负荷，外部和膨胀机3共同向压缩机1和第二压缩机2提供动力，形成单工质联合循环热泵装置。
图9/13所示的单工质联合循环热泵装置是这样实现的：
(1)结构上，它主要由压缩机、第二压缩机、膨胀机、节流阀、供热器、蒸发器、回热器、第二回热器和高温回热器所组成；压缩机1有循环工质通道经供热器5与高温回热器11连通之后分成两路——第一路经膨胀机3与回热器7连通，第二路经第二回热器8与回热器7连通之后回热器7再有冷凝液管路经节流阀4与蒸发器6连通，蒸发器6还有循环工质通道与回热器7连通，回热器7还有循环工质通道与第二压缩机2连通，第二压缩机2还有循环工质通道经第二回热器8和高温回热器11与压缩机1连通；供热器5还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，蒸发器6还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机3连接压缩机1并传输动力。
(2)流程上，膨胀机3和蒸发器6排放的循环工质进入回热器7吸热升温，流经第二压缩机2升压升温，流经第二回热器8和高温回热器11逐步吸热升温，之后进入压缩机1升压升温；压缩机1排放的循环工质流经供热器5和高温回热器11逐步放热降温，之后分成两路——第一路流经膨胀机3降压作功之后进入回热器7，第二路流经第二回热器8和回热器7逐步放热冷凝、流经节流阀4节流降压和进入蒸发器6；进入蒸发器6的循环工质吸热汽化，之后进入回热器7；被加热介质通过供热器5获取高温热负荷，低温热介质通过蒸发器6提供低温热负荷，外部和膨胀机3共同向压缩机1和第二压缩机2提供动力，形成单工质联合循环热泵装置。
图10/13所示的单工质联合循环热泵装置是这样实现的：
(1)结构上，它主要由压缩机、第二压缩机、膨胀机、节流阀、供热器、蒸发器、回热器、第二回热器和第二供热器所组成；压缩机1有第一循环工质通道与第二供热器10连通，第二供热器10还有循环工质通道经膨胀机3与回热器7连通，压缩机1还有第二循环工质通道与供热器5连通，供热器5还有循环工质通道经第二回热器8与回热器7连通之后回热器7再有冷凝液管路经节流阀4与蒸发器6连通，蒸发器6还有循环工质通道与回热器7连通，回热器7还有循环工质通道与第二压缩机2连通，第二压缩机2还有循环工质通道经第二回热器8与压缩机1连通；供热器5和第二供热器10还分别有被加热介质通道与外部连通，蒸发器6还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机3连接压缩机1并传输动力。
(2)流程上，膨胀机3和蒸发器6排放的循环工质进入回热器7吸热升温，流经第二压 缩机2升压升温，流经第二回热器8吸热升温，进入压缩机1升压升温至一定程度之后分成两路——第一路流经第二供热器10放热、流经膨胀机3降压作功和进入回热器7，第二路继续升压升温、流经供热器5放热、流经第二回热器8和回热器7逐步放热冷凝、流经节流阀4节流降压和进入蒸发器6；进入蒸发器6的循环工质吸热汽化，之后进入回热器7；被加热介质通过供热器5和第二供热器10获取高温热负荷，低温热介质通过蒸发器6提供低温热负荷，外部和膨胀机3共同向压缩机1和第二压缩机2提供动力，形成单工质联合循环热泵装置。
图11/13所示的单工质联合循环热泵装置是这样实现的：
(1)结构上，它主要由压缩机、第二压缩机、膨胀机、节流阀、供热器、蒸发器、回热器、第二回热器和第二供热器所组成；压缩机1有第一循环工质通道与供热器5连通，供热器5还有循环工质通道经第二回热器8与回热器7连通之后回热器7再有冷凝液管路经节流阀4与蒸发器6连通，蒸发器6还有循环工质通道与回热器7连通，压缩机1还有第二循环工质通道与第二供热器10连通，第二供热器10还有循环工质通道经膨胀机3与回热器7连通，回热器7还有循环工质通道与第二压缩机2连通，第二压缩机2还有循环工质通道经第二回热器8与压缩机1连通；供热器5和第二供热器10还分别有被加热介质通道与外部连通，蒸发器6还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机3连接压缩机1并传输动力。
(2)流程上，膨胀机3和蒸发器6排放的循环工质进入回热器7吸热升温，流经第二压缩机2升压升温，流经第二回热器8吸热升温，进入压缩机1升压升温至一定程度之后分成两路——第一路流经供热器5放热、流经第二回热器8和回热器7逐步放热冷凝、流经节流阀4节流降压和进入蒸发器6，第二路继续升压升温、流经第二供热器10放热、流经膨胀机3降压作功和进入回热器7；进入蒸发器6的循环工质吸热汽化，之后进入回热器7；被加热介质通过供热器5和第二供热器10获取高温热负荷，低温热介质通过蒸发器6提供低温热负荷，外部和膨胀机3共同向压缩机1和第二压缩机2提供动力，形成单工质联合循环热泵装置。
图12/13所示的单工质联合循环热泵装置是这样实现的：
(1)结构上，它主要由压缩机、第二压缩机、膨胀机、节流阀、供热器、蒸发器、回热器、第二回热器、新增压缩机和第二供热器所组成；压缩机1有循环工质通道与供热器5连通，供热器5还有循环工质通道经第二回热器8与回热器7连通之后回热器7再有冷凝液管路经节流阀4与蒸发器6连通，蒸发器6还有循环工质通道与回热器7连通，回热器7还有循环工质通道与第二压缩机2连通，第二压缩机2还有循环工质通道经第二回热器8之后分别与压缩机1和新增压缩机A连通，新增压缩机A还有循环工质通道与第二供热器10连通，第二供热器10还有循环工质通道经膨胀机3与回热器7连通；供热器5和第二供热器10还分别有被加热介质通道与外部连通，蒸发器6还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机3连接新增压缩机A并传输动力。
(2)流程上，膨胀机3和蒸发器6排放的循环工质进入回热器7吸热升温，流经第二压缩机2升压升温，流经第二回热器8吸热升温，之后分成两路——第一路流经新增压缩机A升压升温、流经第二供热器10放热、流经膨胀机3降压作功和进入回热器7，第二路流经 压缩机1升压升温、流经供热器5放热、流经第二回热器8和回热器7逐步放热冷凝、流经节流阀4节流降压和进入蒸发器6；进入蒸发器6的循环工质吸热汽化，之后进入回热器7；被加热介质通过供热器5和第二供热器10获取高温热负荷，低温热介质通过蒸发器6提供低温热负荷，外部和膨胀机3共同向压缩机1、第二压缩机2和新增压缩机A提供动力，形成单工质联合循环热泵装置。
图13/13所示的单工质联合循环热泵装置是这样实现的：
(1)结构上，在图6/13所示的单工质联合循环热泵装置中，取消蒸发器和节流阀，取消蒸发器6与外部连通的低温热介质通道，将蒸发器6有循环工质通道与回热器7连通调整为外部有蒸汽通道与回热器7连通，将回热器7有冷凝液管路经节流阀4与蒸发器6连通调整为回热器7有冷凝液管路与外部连通。
(2)流程上，外部蒸汽状态的循环工质进入回热器7，膨胀机3排放的循环工质进入回热器7，两路循环工质在回热器7内吸热升温，流经第二压缩机2升压升温，流经第二回热器8吸热升温，进入压缩机1升压升温；压缩机1排放的循环工质流经供热器5并放热，之后分成两路——第一路流经膨胀机3降压作功之后进入回热器7，第二路流经第二回热器8和回热器7逐步放热冷凝之后对外排放；被加热介质通过供热器5获取高温热负荷，外部蒸汽通过进出流程提供低温热负荷，外部和膨胀机3共同向压缩机1和第二压缩机2提供动力，形成单工质联合循环热泵装置。
本发明技术可以实现的效果——本发明所提出的逆向单工质蒸汽联合循环与单工质联合循环热泵装置，具有如下效果和优势：
(1)创建机械能制冷与制热利用(能差利用)基础理论。
(2)消除或较大幅度减少相变放热过程的热负荷，相对增加高温段放热负荷，实现逆向循环性能指数合理化，有效提高热力学完善度，提高装置性能指数。
(3)工质参数范围得到大幅度扩展，实现高效高温供热。
(4)为降低工作压力和提高装置安全性提供理论基础。
(5)降低循环装置压缩比，为核心设备的选取和制造提供方便。
(6)方法简单，流程合理，适用性好，是实现能差有效利用的共性技术。
(7)单一工质，有利于生产和储存；降低运行成本，装置调节的灵活性高。
(8)过程共用，减少过程，降低装置成本。
(9)在高温区或变温区，有利于降低放热环节的温差传热损失，提高装置性能指数。
(10)在高温供热区采取低压运行方式，缓解或解决传统制冷与热泵装置中性能指数、循环介质参数与管材耐压耐温性能之间的矛盾。
(11)工质适用范围广，能够很好地适应供能需求，工质与工作参数之间匹配灵活。
(12)扩展了机械能进行冷热高效利用的热力循环范围，有利于更好地实现机械能在制冷、高温供热和变温供热领域的高效利用。

Claims (14)

  1. 单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的九个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程45，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程56，(M 1+M 2)千克工质放热过程67，M 2千克工质降压过程72，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程78，M 1千克工质降压过程81——组成的闭合过程。
  2. 单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的十个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程45，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程56，M 2千克工质放热过程67，M 2千克工质降压过程72，M 1千克工质升压过程68，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程89，M 1千克工质降压过程91——组成的闭合过程。
  3. 单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的十个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程45，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程56，M 2千克工质升压过程67，M 2千克工质放热过程78，M 2千克工质降压过程82，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程69，M 1千克工质降压过程91——组成的闭合过程。
  4. 单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的十一个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程45，M 2千克工质吸热过程56，M 2千克工质升压过程67，M 2千克工质放热过程78，M 2千克工质降压过程82，M 1千克工质升压过程59，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程9a，M 1千克工质降压过程a1——组成的闭合过程。
  5. 单工质蒸汽联合循环，是指由M 1千克和M 2千克组成的工质，分别或共同进行的十一个过程——M 1千克工质吸热汽化过程12，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程23，(M 1+M 2)千克工质升压过程34，(M 1+M 2)千克工质吸热过程45，M 2千克工质升压过程56，M 2千克工质放热过程67，M 2千克工质降压过程72，M 1千克工质吸热过程58，M 1千克工质升压过程89，M 1千克工质放热冷凝过程9a，M 1千克工质降压过程a1——组成的闭合过程。
  6. 单工质联合循环热泵装置，主要由压缩机、第二压缩机、膨胀机、节流阀、供热器、蒸发器、回热器和第二回热器所组成；压缩机(1)有循环工质通道与供热器(5)连通之后分成两路——第一路经膨胀机(3)与回热器(7)连通，第二路经第二回热器(8)与回热器(7)连通之后回热器(7)再有冷凝液管路经节流阀(4)与蒸发器(6)连通，蒸发器(6)还有循环工质通道与回热器(7)连通，回热器(7)还有循环工质通道与第二压缩机(2)连通，第二压缩机(2)还有循环工质通道经第二回热器(8)与压缩机(1)连通；供热器(5)还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，蒸发器(6)还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机(3)连接压缩机(1)并传输动力，形成单工质联合循环热泵装置。
  7. 单工质联合循环热泵装置，主要由压缩机、第二压缩机、膨胀机、节流阀、供热器、蒸发器、回热器、第二回热器和第二供热器所组成；压缩机(1)有循环工质通道与供热器(5)连通之后分成两路——第一路经膨胀机(3)与回热器(7)连通，第二路经第二供热器(10)与第二回热器(8)连通，第二回热器(8)还有循环工质通道与回热器(7)连通之后回热器(7)再有冷凝液管路经节流阀(4)与蒸发器(6)连通，蒸发器(6)还有循 环工质通道与回热器(7)连通，回热器(7)还有循环工质通道与第二压缩机(2)连通，第二压缩机(2)还有循环工质通道经第二回热器(8)与压缩机(1)连通；供热器(5)和第二供热器(10)还分别有被加热介质通道与外部连通，蒸发器(6)还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机(3)连接压缩机(1)并传输动力，形成单工质联合循环热泵装置。
  8. 单工质联合循环热泵装置，主要由压缩机、第二压缩机、膨胀机、节流阀、供热器、蒸发器、回热器、第二回热器和高温回热器所组成；压缩机(1)有循环工质通道经供热器(5)与高温回热器(11)连通之后分成两路——第一路经膨胀机(3)与回热器(7)连通，第二路经第二回热器(8)与回热器(7)连通之后回热器(7)再有冷凝液管路经节流阀(4)与蒸发器(6)连通，蒸发器(6)还有循环工质通道与回热器(7)连通，回热器(7)还有循环工质通道与第二压缩机(2)连通，第二压缩机(2)还有循环工质通道经第二回热器(8)和高温回热器(11)与压缩机(1)连通；供热器(5)还有被加热介质通道与外部连通，蒸发器(6)还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机(3)连接压缩机(1)并传输动力，形成单工质联合循环热泵装置。
  9. 单工质联合循环热泵装置，主要由压缩机、第二压缩机、膨胀机、节流阀、供热器、蒸发器、回热器、第二回热器、第二供热器和高温回热器所组成；压缩机(1)有循环工质通道经供热器(5)与高温回热器(11)连通之后分成两路——第一路经膨胀机(3)与回热器(7)连通，第二路经第二供热器(10)与第二回热器(8)连通，第二回热器(8)还有循环工质通道与回热器(7)连通之后回热器(7)再有冷凝液管路经节流阀(4)与蒸发器(6)连通，蒸发器(6)还有循环工质通道与回热器(7)连通，回热器(7)还有循环工质通道与第二压缩机(2)连通，第二压缩机(2)还有循环工质通道经第二回热器(8)和高温回热器(11)与压缩机(1)连通；供热器(5)和第二供热器(10)还分别有被加热介质通道与外部连通，蒸发器(6)还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机(3)连接压缩机(1)并传输动力，形成单工质联合循环热泵装置。
  10. 单工质联合循环热泵装置，主要由压缩机、第二压缩机、膨胀机、节流阀、供热器、蒸发器、回热器、第二回热器和第二供热器所组成；压缩机(1)有第一循环工质通道与第二供热器(10)连通，第二供热器(10)还有循环工质通道经膨胀机(3)与回热器(7)连通，压缩机(1)还有第二循环工质通道与供热器(5)连通，供热器(5)还有循环工质通道经第二回热器(8)与回热器(7)连通之后回热器(7)再有冷凝液管路经节流阀(4)与蒸发器(6)连通，蒸发器(6)还有循环工质通道与回热器(7)连通，回热器(7)还有循环工质通道与第二压缩机(2)连通，第二压缩机(2)还有循环工质通道经第二回热器(8)与压缩机(1)连通；供热器(5)和第二供热器(10)还分别有被加热介质通道与外部连通，蒸发器(6)还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机(3)连接压缩机(1)并传输动力，形成单工质联合循环热泵装置。
  11. 单工质联合循环热泵装置，主要由压缩机、第二压缩机、膨胀机、节流阀、供热器、蒸发器、回热器、第二回热器和第二供热器所组成；压缩机(1)有第一循环工质通道与供热器(5)连通，供热器(5)还有循环工质通道经第二回热器(8)与回热器(7)连通之后回热器(7)再有冷凝液管路经节流阀(4)与蒸发器(6)连通，蒸发器(6)还有循环工质通道与回热器(7)连通，压缩机(1)还有第二循环工质通道与第二供热器(10) 连通，第二供热器(10)还有循环工质通道经膨胀机(3)与回热器(7)连通，回热器(7)还有循环工质通道与第二压缩机(2)连通，第二压缩机(2)还有循环工质通道经第二回热器(8)与压缩机(1)连通；供热器(5)和第二供热器(10)还分别有被加热介质通道与外部连通，蒸发器(6)还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机(3)连接压缩机(1)并传输动力，形成单工质联合循环热泵装置。
  12. 单工质联合循环热泵装置，主要由压缩机、第二压缩机、膨胀机、节流阀、供热器、蒸发器、回热器、第二回热器、新增压缩机和第二供热器所组成；压缩机(1)有循环工质通道与供热器(5)连通，供热器(5)还有循环工质通道经第二回热器(8)与回热器(7)连通之后回热器(7)再有冷凝液管路经节流阀(4)与蒸发器(6)连通，蒸发器(6)还有循环工质通道与回热器(7)连通，回热器(7)还有循环工质通道与第二压缩机(2)连通，第二压缩机(2)还有循环工质通道经第二回热器(8)之后分别与压缩机(1)和新增压缩机(A)连通，新增压缩机(A)还有循环工质通道与第二供热器(10)连通，第二供热器(10)还有循环工质通道经膨胀机(3)与回热器(7)连通；供热器(5)和第二供热器(10)还分别有被加热介质通道与外部连通，蒸发器(6)还有低温热介质通道与外部连通，膨胀机(3)连接新增压缩机(A)并传输动力，形成单工质联合循环热泵装置。
  13. 单工质联合循环热泵装置，是在权利要求6-13所述的任一一款单工质联合循环热泵装置中，取消节流阀，增加涡轮机，将回热器(7)有冷凝液管路经节流阀(4)与蒸发器(6)连通调整为回热器(7)有冷凝液管路经涡轮机(9)与蒸发器(6)连通，涡轮机(9)连接压缩机(1)并传输动力，形成单工质联合循环热泵装置。
  14. 单工质联合循环热泵装置，是在权利要求6-13所述的任一一款单工质联合循环热泵装置中，取消蒸发器和节流阀，取消蒸发器(6)与外部连通的低温热介质通道，将蒸发器(6)有循环工质通道与回热器(7)连通调整为外部有蒸汽通道与回热器(7)连通，将回热器(7)有冷凝液管路经节流阀(4)与蒸发器(6)连通调整为回热器(7)有冷凝液管路与外部连通，形成单工质联合循环热泵装置。
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