WO2021070282A1 - Natural gas liquefying apparatus - Google Patents

Natural gas liquefying apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021070282A1
WO2021070282A1 PCT/JP2019/039815 JP2019039815W WO2021070282A1 WO 2021070282 A1 WO2021070282 A1 WO 2021070282A1 JP 2019039815 W JP2019039815 W JP 2019039815W WO 2021070282 A1 WO2021070282 A1 WO 2021070282A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
region
cooler group
natural gas
group arrangement
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2019/039815
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
暁人 平井
信裕 木村
秀人 萩谷
眞一 東條
淳一 西田
松尾　知明
文香 植村
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日揮グローバル株式会社
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Application filed by 日揮グローバル株式会社 filed Critical 日揮グローバル株式会社
Priority to US17/639,570 priority Critical patent/US20220290917A1/en
Priority to JP2021551003A priority patent/JP7313459B2/en
Priority to PCT/JP2019/039815 priority patent/WO2021070282A1/en
Publication of WO2021070282A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021070282A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B7/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0082—Methane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0085—Ethane; Ethylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0087—Propane; Propylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0207—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level SCR refrigeration cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0217—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F25J1/0218—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one or more SCR cycles, e.g. with a C3 pre-cooling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0259—Modularity and arrangement of parts of the liquefaction unit and in particular of the cold box, e.g. pre-fabrication, assembling and erection, dimensions, horizontal layout "plot"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J1/0283—Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/029—Mechanically coupling of different refrigerant compressors in a cascade refrigeration system to a common driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0294—Multiple compressor casings/strings in parallel, e.g. split arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0296—Removal of the heat of compression, e.g. within an inter- or afterstage-cooler against an ambient heat sink
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/60—Natural gas or synthetic natural gas [SNG]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a natural gas liquefier that cools and liquefies natural gas using a refrigerant.
  • NG liquefier The natural gas liquefier (NG liquefier) cools and liquefies natural gas (NG: Natural Gas) produced in gas wells, etc., and produces liquefied natural gas (LNG: Liquefied Natural Gas).
  • NG Natural Gas
  • LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
  • the NG liquefaction apparatus includes equipment such as a precooling heat exchanger that precools natural gas as described in Patent Document 1 and an ultra-low temperature heat exchanger that liquefies natural gas. Each process is performed in order by circulating through the pipes connected between the devices of. Further, the precooling heat exchanger and the ultra-low temperature heat exchanger are each configured to cool the NG by heat exchange using a refrigerant, and are provided between the heat exchanger and the compressor for compressing the refrigerant used for the heat exchange. These refrigerants are configured to flow through the provided pipes. In addition to this, in NG liquefaction equipment equipped with a large number of equipment, it is required to search for the arrangement of equipment that is easy to construct and can reduce the amount of materials used such as members that make up piping as much as possible. There is.
  • the present invention has been made against such a background, and an object of the present invention is to provide a natural gas liquefaction device having good workability and a reduced amount of materials used.
  • the natural gas liquefier of the present invention is a natural gas liquefier that liquefies natural gas.
  • a precooling unit including a precooling heat exchanger that precools the natural gas supplied to the natural gas liquefaction apparatus using a precooling refrigerant, and a liquefaction heat that liquefies the precooled natural gas using a liquefaction refrigerant.
  • the liquefied part including the exchanger, the cooling area where the exchanger is arranged, and A compression region in which a first compressor for compressing the vaporized precooling refrigerant and a second compressor for compressing the vaporized liquefaction refrigerant are arranged.
  • the air-cooled cooler group for cooling the precooling refrigerant compressed by the first compressor is arranged in a rectangular shape when viewed from the upper surface, and the first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region.
  • the air-cooled cooler group for cooling the liquefied refrigerant compressed by the second compressor includes a second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region arranged in a rectangular shape when viewed from the upper surface. At least a part of the cooling region and the compression region were arranged at positions facing each other with the long side of the rectangle of the second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region interposed therebetween.
  • the first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region is located at a position where the long side of the first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region faces a side different from the long side of the second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region of the rectangular region including the compression region. It is characterized by being placed.
  • the natural gas liquefier may have the following features.
  • (A) The first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region and the second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region are arranged so as to face each other with the rectangular region in between.
  • (B) The first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region and the second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region are two sides in which the long side of each refrigerant cooler group arrangement region sandwiches a common corner of the rectangular region. They were arranged so as to face each other.
  • a supercooling unit including a supercooling heat exchanger that supercools the liquefied natural gas using a supercooling refrigerant, and a third that compresses the liquefied refrigerant vaporized by the supercooling heat exchanger. That the compressor and was placed.
  • the first refrigerant cooler group arrangement area is divided into two refrigerant cooler group arrangement areas arranged in a rectangular shape when viewed from the upper surface.
  • the two refrigerant cooler group arrangement regions were arranged adjacent to each other in the short side direction with their long sides facing the same direction.
  • the drive that drives the first compressor and the drive that drives the second compressor are common.
  • At least a part of the compression region in which the machine is arranged is arranged at a position facing each other with the long side of the second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region for cooling the liquefying refrigerant.
  • the long side of the first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region for cooling the precooling refrigerant is different from the one whose long side faces the long side of the second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region of the rectangular region including the compression region. It is placed at a position facing the side.
  • the natural gas (NG) liquefaction apparatus provides hot section 1 that performs pretreatment such as removal of mercury, acid gas (hydrogen sulfide, mercaptan, carbon dioxide, etc.) contained in NG produced from the well, and various impurities such as water and heavy components. I have. Further, a pre-cooling section 2 that precools the pretreated NG to about ⁇ 35 ° C., a heavy component removing section 20 that separates the liquefied heavy component from the pre-cooled NG, and an NG from which the heavy component has been removed. Is provided with a liquefaction unit 3 that cools the water from ⁇ 100 ° C.
  • the supercooling unit 4 that supercools the liquefied LNG to ⁇ 150 ° C. to -156 ° C. and a part of the supercooled LNG are adiabatically expanded to 159 ° C. to ⁇ 159 ° C. It is provided with an end flash unit 40 that lowers the temperature to about -162 ° C. and acquires LNG of liquid at normal pressure.
  • Each part (hot section 1, precooling part 2, heavy weight removing part 20, liquefaction part 3, supercooling part 4, end flush part 40) that constitutes the NG liquefaction device is a static device such as a tower tank or a heat exchanger.
  • a large number of devices (equipment groups) such as moving devices such as pumps and connecting pipes connecting each static device and the moving devices are provided. These equipment groups are collectively arranged in a multi-story frame with a skeleton structure for each part.
  • the frame lines having the reference numerals "1, 2, 3, 4, 20, 40" corresponding to each part indicate the arrangement area of the device group constituting these devices. There is.
  • the precooling unit 2 includes a heat exchanger (precooling heat exchanger) that precools NG using a precooling refrigerant.
  • the NG liquefaction apparatus includes a first compressor 21 that compresses the precooling refrigerant vaporized in the precooling section, and a first refrigerant including a plurality of air-cooled coolers (ACHE) that cool the compressed precooling refrigerant.
  • a cooler group 22 is provided.
  • the liquefaction unit 3 and the supercooling unit 4 are heat exchangers (liquefaction heat exchanger, overcooling heat exchanger) that liquefy NG and overcool LNG using the liquefaction refrigerant and the supercooling refrigerant, respectively. It has.
  • the NG liquefier includes a second compressor 31 that compresses the vaporized liquefaction refrigerant, a second refrigerant cooler group 32 that includes a plurality of ACHEs that cool the compressed liquefaction refrigerant, and a vaporized overcooling device.
  • a third compressor 41 for compressing the refrigerant and a third refrigerant cooler group 42 including a plurality of ACHEs for cooling the compressed overcooling refrigerant are provided.
  • the drive that drives the first compressor 21 and the drive that drives the second compressor 31 are configured as a gas turbine compressor 9 driven by a common drive (gas turbine) 90.
  • two gas turbine compressors 9 are provided.
  • the number of gas turbine compressors 9 may be one, and the first compressor 21 and the second compressor 31 may be driven by individual drivers.
  • the liquefaction refrigerant / precooling refrigerant heat exchange that further cools the liquefaction refrigerant cooled by the second refrigerant cooler group 32 by using the precooling refrigerant described above.
  • a device 8 hereinafter, also referred to as a “refrigerant cooling heat exchanger 8” is provided.
  • the NG liquefier of this example is configured to produce LNG using three types of refrigerants.
  • these refrigerants include the case where propane is used as the precooling refrigerant, MR (mixed refrigerant) such as nitrogen, methane, ethane, and propane is used as the liquefaction refrigerant, and nitrogen is used as the overcooling refrigerant.
  • MR mixed refrigerant
  • nitrogen is used as the overcooling refrigerant.
  • propane is used as the precooling refrigerant
  • ethylene is used as the liquefaction refrigerant
  • methane is used as the supercooling refrigerant
  • the NG liquefaction apparatus includes a first pipe rack 10A and a second pipe rack 10B.
  • the first and second pipe racks 10A and 10B are each composed of a rectangular frame when viewed from the upper surface, and have a plurality of layers, for example, a three-stage hierarchical structure.
  • the refrigerant cooler group arrangement regions 23, 33 in which the first to third refrigerant cooler groups 22, 32, 42 are arranged in a rectangular shape when viewed from the upper surface, It is 43.
  • the upper surface of the first pipe rack 10A is configured as the first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 23, and the right hand side of the second pipe rack 10B in the long side direction toward FIG. Is configured as a second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 33, and a region on the left hand side is configured as a third refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 43.
  • the frame lines having the reference numerals "10A and 10B" corresponding to the pipe racks are the first and second pipe racks 10A and 10B. It shows the arrangement area of the frame that constitutes. Further, in FIGS. 1, 2, 5 and 6, the dotted frame frame superimposed on the second pipe rack 10B indicates the second and third refrigerant cooler group arrangement regions 33 and 43. Further, in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4 to 7, the circles drawn together in the frame lines of the pipe racks 10A and 10B schematically show a part of ACHE. In FIGS. 1, 2 and 4 to 7, ACHE is described only in a part of the pipe racks 10A and 10B in order to avoid complicating the description of the drawings.
  • the ACHE included in the above-mentioned refrigerant cooler groups 22, 32, and 42 takes in air from an air suction port provided on the lower side of the ACHE (below the upper surface of the pipe rack) by using a rotary fan. It is configured to discharge from a discharge port provided upward (not shown). By supplying cooling air toward the tube bundle in which the tubes through which the fluid to be cooled (refrigerant) flows are bundled, the fluid to be cooled (refrigerant) sent to the refrigerant cooler group can be cooled.
  • the NG liquefier includes a boiler or hot water that generates steam that is a heat source for a distillation tower provided in the heavy component removing unit 20, in addition to the power source of the turbine.
  • a group of utility equipment such as a heating system that heats a heat medium such as hot oil is provided. Note that the description of these utility devices is omitted in FIGS. 1, 2, 4 to 6.
  • a second pipe rack 10B is arranged substantially in the center of the NG liquefaction apparatus. Then, along the long side of one side of the second pipe rack 10B, from one end side to the other end side of the second pipe rack 10B, the hot section 1, the heavy component removing portion 20, the precooling portion 2, and the like.
  • the liquefaction unit 3, the refrigerant cooling heat exchanger 8, and the end flush unit 40 are provided in this order. Further, along the long side of the other side of the second pipe rack 10B, from one end side to the other end side of the second pipe rack 10B, the third compressor 41, the supercooling unit 4, and the two gases are used. Turbine compressors 9 are provided in this order.
  • a sub-pipe rack 100 is provided between the two gas turbine compressors 9.
  • the region where the two gas turbine compressors 9 are provided is called the compression region 5, and the region where the precooling unit 2, the liquefaction unit 3 and the refrigerant cooling heat exchanger 8 are provided is called the cooling region 6.
  • the compression region 5 and the cooling region 6 is provided at positions facing each other with the long side of the second pipe rack 10B interposed therebetween.
  • the rectangular region facing the long side of the second pipe rack 10B when focusing on the rectangular region including the compressed region 5 (in FIG. 1, the region surrounded by the alternate long and short dash line corresponding to the compressed region 5), the rectangular region facing the long side of the second pipe rack 10B.
  • the first pipe rack 10A is arranged so that its long side faces the side opposite to one side.
  • the first pipe rack 10A (first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 23) and the second pipe rack 10B (second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 33) sandwich the above-mentioned rectangular region. They are arranged so as to face each other.
  • FIG. 1 shows the approximate flow of the process fluid (NG, LNG after liquefaction) with solid arrows.
  • the NG produced from the well is the second pipe rack in the order of hot section (pretreatment section) 1 ⁇ precooling section 2 ⁇ heavy component removing section 20 ⁇ liquefaction section 3 ⁇ supercooling section 4 ⁇ end flush section 40. It is processed while flowing through 10B, and flows out from the NG liquefier as LNG.
  • FIG. 2 the approximate path through which each refrigerant flows in the NG liquefaction apparatus is indicated by arrows, the solid line arrow is the precooling refrigerant, the chain line arrow is the liquefaction refrigerant, and the broken line arrow is the overcooling refrigerant. Shows the flow of.
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 also show a schematic path of the flow of each refrigerant in the same manner.
  • the precooling refrigerant used in the precooling unit 2 is supplied to the precooling heat exchanger (not shown) and the refrigerant cooling heat exchanger 8 provided in the precooling unit 2, and is used for precooling the NG and cooling the liquefied refrigerant. ..
  • the precooling refrigerant is vaporized by heat exchange in the precooling heat exchanger and the refrigerant cooling heat exchanger 8 of the precooling unit 2, and then sent in parallel to the two first compressors 21.
  • the vaporized precooling refrigerant is compressed by the first compressor 21, then sent to the first pipe rack 10A via the sub pipe rack 100, and cooled by the first refrigerant cooler group 22. Liquefied and supercooled.
  • the further cooled precooling refrigerant is supplied to the precooling heat exchanger and the refrigerant cooling heat exchanger 8 of the precooling unit 2 across the second pipe rack 10B via the sub-pipe rack 100.
  • the liquefaction refrigerant used in the liquefaction unit 3 is vaporized by heat exchange in the ultra-low temperature heat exchanger (not shown), which is the liquefaction heat exchanger of the liquefaction unit 3, and then is transferred to the two second compressors 31. Air is sent in parallel.
  • the liquefiing refrigerant boosted by the second compressor 31 is sent to the second pipe rack 10B, cooled by the second refrigerant cooler group 32, and liquefied.
  • the liquefiing refrigerant cooled by the second refrigerant cooler group 32 is further cooled by the refrigerant cooling heat exchanger 8 and supplied to the ultra-low temperature heat exchanger.
  • the supercooling refrigerant used in the supercooling unit 4 is vaporized by heat exchange in the supercooling heat exchanger of the supercooling unit 4, and then sent to the third compressor 41.
  • the supercooling refrigerant boosted by the third compressor 41 is sent to the second pipe rack 10B, cooled and liquefied by the third refrigerant cooler group 42, and supplied to the supercooling heat exchanger. Will be done.
  • the effect of the NG liquefaction apparatus according to the above-described embodiment will be described while comparing with the arrangement example of the NG liquefaction apparatus according to the comparative embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the NG liquefaction apparatus according to the comparative embodiment has a first pipe rack 10A provided with a first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 23 in the center of the NG liquefaction apparatus, and a second pipe rack 10A provided with a second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 33.
  • the pipe racks 10B and the pipe racks 10B are provided side by side with their long sides aligned with each other.
  • a hot section 1, a heavy weight removing section 20, and an end flush section 40 are provided in this order along one long side of the arrangement of the first and second pipe racks 10A and 10B. Further, along the long side on the other side of the arrangement of the first and second pipe racks 10A and 10B, the gas turbine compressor 9, the precooling unit 2, the liquefaction unit 3, the refrigerant cooling heat exchanger 8, and the gas turbine compressor 9 are arranged. It is provided in this order.
  • the distance between the two pipe racks 10A and 10B becomes narrow. Therefore, when trying to perform work such as installing a pipe between the two pipe racks 10A and 10B, the crane cannot enter between the pipe racks 10A and 10B. Therefore, it may be necessary to work over the pipe racks 10A and 10B by using a large crane from the side of the arrangement of the two pipe racks 10A and 10B.
  • a compression region 5 is provided between the first pipe rack 10A and the second pipe rack 10B, and these pipe racks 10A and 10B are provided. Are placed apart. For this reason, it is possible to secure a sufficient space for the crane or the like to enter and perform the work, so that the construction work is easy and the workability is improved.
  • an NG liquefaction device In general, when constructing an NG liquefaction device, the devices are installed in order from the center to the periphery of the site of the NG liquefaction device. Therefore, in the NG liquefaction apparatus of the comparative form shown in FIG. 7, two pipe racks 10A and 10B arranged in the center are first installed, and then the equipment of each surrounding part is installed. On the other hand, in the NG liquefaction apparatus according to the present embodiment, only the second pipe rack 10B is arranged in the center of the NG liquefaction apparatus. Therefore, as compared with the case where two pipe racks 10A and 10B are installed, the work associated with the installation of one pipe rack 10B is less. Therefore, after the installation of the second pipe rack 10B, the installation of the peripheral equipment can be started in a relatively short period of time.
  • the treatment of the liquefaction refrigerant and the supercooling refrigerant is performed in the first pipe rack 10A (first). Cooling by the refrigerant cooler group 22) is not performed. That is, the first pipe rack 10A (first refrigerant cooler arrangement region) that is not directly involved in the liquefaction refrigerant or the supercooling refrigerant is provided at a position deviated from the flow path of these refrigerants. Therefore, in the first pipe rack 10A, a pipe for flowing these refrigerants is not installed or crossed. Further, as shown in FIG.
  • the first pipe rack 10A since the first pipe rack 10A is also out of the NG processing path, no pipe for circulating NG is installed. Since the number of pipes arranged in the first pipe rack 10A is reduced due to the above-mentioned structure, the first pipe rack 10A can be lowered as compared with the above-described comparative embodiment. As a result, the amount of the constituent members of the first pipe rack 10A can be reduced, and the amount of construction work can be suppressed.
  • the hot air discharged from the ACHE arranged in the short pipe rack is taken in from the lower surface side of the ACHE arranged in the tall pipe rack.
  • HAR Hot Air Recirculation
  • measures may be taken so that the heights of the air outlets of the ACHE are aligned between the pipe racks having different heights, for example, by raising the duct of the ACHE provided in the short pipe rack.
  • the number of pipes arranged in the first pipe rack 10A is reduced, so that the ventilation of the first pipe rack 10A is improved and the ACHE easily sucks air.
  • the amount of air sucked is stable.
  • the cooling efficiency of the refrigerant cooler group 22 including ACHE is stabilized.
  • the pipe racks 10A and 10B arranged side by side are not crossed with the large-diameter pipe through which the vaporized precooling refrigerant and the liquefaction refrigerant flow.
  • the compressors 21 and 31, the precooling section 2 and the liquefiing section 3 may be arranged apart from each other in the longitudinal direction of the pipe racks 10A and 10B.
  • the distance through which the refrigerant flows becomes long and the pipe length becomes long, so that the material and the amount of construction work increase.
  • the pipe connecting the compressors 21 and 31 to the precooling unit 2 and the liquefied unit 3 has a large diameter, and the extension of this pipe greatly increases the piping material and the amount of construction work.
  • the height of the pipe racks 10A and 10B is increased by selecting the equipment arrangement in which the large-diameter pipes do not intersect with the pipe racks 10A and 10B. It was suppressing the conversion.
  • FIG. 2 in the NG liquefaction apparatus of this example, in which at least a part of the compression region 5 and the cooling region 6 are arranged so as to face each other with the long side of the second pipe rack 10B interposed therebetween.
  • a large-diameter pipe through which vaporized refrigerant flows is arranged to cross the second pipe rack 10B.
  • the inventors omit, for example, the pipe 201 having the largest diameter extending from the heat exchanger 200 on the precooling portion 2 side and crossing the second pipe rack 10B in the lateral direction.
  • the pipe rack By forming the pipe rack in a straight tubular shape, the height of the pipe rack can be lowered as in the comparative mode in which the pipe 201 is not traversed.
  • the large-diameter pipe is bent and arranged while avoiding the interference between the large-diameter pipe and other pipes, the amount of materials used increases and the pipe rack becomes expensive, which complicates the construction.
  • the pipe 201 of the present invention has a substantially straight tubular shape, and such a problem does not occur.
  • each part shown in FIG. 1 is arranged in the same manner as the NG liquefaction apparatus according to the comparative embodiment (compared to the comparative embodiment shown in FIG. 7).
  • Section 1 is arranged in the same manner as in FIG. 1, and NG is liquefied using three refrigerants provided with the same supercooling unit 4, the third compressor 41, and the third refrigerant cooler group 42 as in FIG. ), The calculation result that the total pipe length can be shortened by about 9% was obtained.
  • the NG liquefaction device does not have to include the supercooling unit 4.
  • FIG. 4 shows such an NG liquefaction device. Compared to the NG liquefaction apparatus shown in FIG. 1, the location where the third compressor 41 and the supercooling unit 4 were not provided and the third compressor 41 and the supercooling unit 4 were provided. The difference is that the hot section 1 is provided in the. Also in this example, (1) the first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 23 and the second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 33 are arranged apart from each other, and (2) at least a part of the compression region 5 and the cooling region 6.
  • the first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 23 is divided into two first pipe racks 10A arranged in a rectangular shape when viewed from the upper surface, and the long sides of the first pipe racks 10A are oriented in the same direction. , May be arranged next to each other in the short side direction.
  • the long side of the first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 23 faces the long side of the second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 33 of the rectangular region including the compression region 5. It suffices if it is arranged at a position facing a side different from one side. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the long sides of the refrigerant cooler group arrangement regions 23 and 33 sandwich a common corner of the rectangular region including the compression region 5 (the lower right corner of the rectangular upper region shown in FIG. 6).
  • the first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 23 and the second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 33 may be arranged.
  • Precooling unit 3 Liquefaction unit 5 Compression area 6 Cooling area 21 First compressor 23 First refrigerant cooler group arrangement area 31 Second compressor 33 Second refrigerant cooler group arrangement area

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Abstract

[Problem] To provide a natural gas liquefying apparatus that exhibits favorable construction performance and that allows reduction in the amount of material to be used. [Solution] At least a portion of a cooling region 6 in which a precooling part 2 and a liquefying part 3 are arranged, and at least a portion of a compression region 5 in which first and second compressors 21, 31 for compressing a refrigerant for use in the precooling part 2 and the liquefying part 3 are arranged, are disposed at positions facing each other having therebetween long edges of an arrangement region 43 of a second refrigerant cooler group for cooling a liquefying refrigerant. Accordingly, pipes connecting the precooling part 2, the liquefying part 3, and the first and second compressors 21, 31 can be substantially straight and short pipes and work volume can be reduced. Further, an arrangement region 23 of a first refrigerant cooler group for cooling a cooling refrigerant is disposed at a position where a long edge thereof faces an edge of a rectangular region including the compression region 5, the edge being different from the long edges of an arrangement region 33 of the second refrigerant cooler group. Accordingly, workability between the arrangement regions of the refrigerant cooler groups is enhanced and construction performance improves.

Description

天然ガス液化装置Natural gas liquefaction device
　本発明は、冷媒を用いて天然ガスを冷却して液化を行う天然ガス液化装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a natural gas liquefier that cools and liquefies natural gas using a refrigerant.
　天然ガス液化装置（ＮＧ液化装置）は、ガス井などで産出した天然ガス（ＮＧ：Natural Gas）を冷却、液化し液化天然ガス（ＬＮＧ：Liquefied Natural Gas）を製造する。 The natural gas liquefier (NG liquefier) cools and liquefies natural gas (NG: Natural Gas) produced in gas wells, etc., and produces liquefied natural gas (LNG: Liquefied Natural Gas).
　ＮＧ液化装置は、例えば特許文献１に記載されているように天然ガスの予備冷却を行う予冷熱交換器や、天然ガスの液化を行う極低温熱交換器などの機器を備え、ＮＧは、これらの機器間に接続された配管を介して流通して各処理が順番に行われる。また予冷熱交換器や極低温熱交換器は、夫々冷媒を用いた熱交換によりＮＧを冷却するように構成され、熱交換器と熱交換に用いた冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機との間に設けられた配管を介してこれらの冷媒を流通させるように構成されている。この他にも多数の機器が設けられるＮＧ液化装置においては、建設しやすく、配管を構成する部材などの資材の使用量をできるだけ低減することが可能な機器の配置を探求することが求められている。 The NG liquefaction apparatus includes equipment such as a precooling heat exchanger that precools natural gas as described in Patent Document 1 and an ultra-low temperature heat exchanger that liquefies natural gas. Each process is performed in order by circulating through the pipes connected between the devices of. Further, the precooling heat exchanger and the ultra-low temperature heat exchanger are each configured to cool the NG by heat exchange using a refrigerant, and are provided between the heat exchanger and the compressor for compressing the refrigerant used for the heat exchange. These refrigerants are configured to flow through the provided pipes. In addition to this, in NG liquefaction equipment equipped with a large number of equipment, it is required to search for the arrangement of equipment that is easy to construct and can reduce the amount of materials used such as members that make up piping as much as possible. There is.
特許第４９１２５６４号公報Japanese Patent No. 4912564
　本発明は、このような背景の下になされたものであり、建設性が良く、資材使用量を抑えた天然ガス液化装置を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made against such a background, and an object of the present invention is to provide a natural gas liquefaction device having good workability and a reduced amount of materials used.
　本発明の天然ガス液化装置は、天然ガスを液化する天然ガス液化装置において、
　予冷用冷媒を用い、前記天然ガス液化装置に供給された天然ガスを予冷する予冷用熱交換器を含む予冷部と、液化用冷媒を用い前記予冷された後の天然ガスを液化する液化用熱交換器を含む液化部と、が配置された冷却領域と、
　気化した前記予冷用冷媒を圧縮する第１の圧縮機と、気化した前記液化用冷媒を圧縮する第２の圧縮機と、が配置された圧縮領域と、
　前記第１の圧縮機にて圧縮された予冷用冷媒を冷却する空冷式クーラー群が、上面から見て長方形に整列配置された第１の冷媒クーラー群配置領域と、
　前記第２の圧縮機にて圧縮された液化用冷媒を冷却する空冷式クーラー群が、上面から見て長方形に整列配置された第２の冷媒クーラー群配置領域と、を備え、
　前記冷却領域と、前記圧縮領域と、の少なくとも一部が前記第２の冷媒クーラー群配置領域の前記長方形の長辺を挟んで互いに対向する位置に配置されたことと、
　前記第１の冷媒クーラー群配置領域は、その長辺が、前記圧縮領域を含む矩形状領域の前記第２の冷媒クーラー群配置領域の長辺と対向する一辺とは異なる辺と対向する位置に配置されたことと、を特徴とする。 The natural gas liquefier of the present invention is a natural gas liquefier that liquefies natural gas.
A precooling unit including a precooling heat exchanger that precools the natural gas supplied to the natural gas liquefaction apparatus using a precooling refrigerant, and a liquefaction heat that liquefies the precooled natural gas using a liquefaction refrigerant. The liquefied part including the exchanger, the cooling area where the exchanger is arranged, and
A compression region in which a first compressor for compressing the vaporized precooling refrigerant and a second compressor for compressing the vaporized liquefaction refrigerant are arranged.
The air-cooled cooler group for cooling the precooling refrigerant compressed by the first compressor is arranged in a rectangular shape when viewed from the upper surface, and the first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region.
The air-cooled cooler group for cooling the liquefied refrigerant compressed by the second compressor includes a second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region arranged in a rectangular shape when viewed from the upper surface.
At least a part of the cooling region and the compression region were arranged at positions facing each other with the long side of the rectangle of the second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region interposed therebetween.
The first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region is located at a position where the long side of the first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region faces a side different from the long side of the second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region of the rectangular region including the compression region. It is characterized by being placed.
　前記天然ガス液化装置は以下の特徴を備えていてもよい。
（ａ）前記第１の冷媒クーラー群配置領域と、第２の冷媒クーラー群配置領域と、は、前記矩形状領域を挟んで互いに対向するように配置されたこと。
（ｂ）前記第１の冷媒クーラー群配置領域と、第２の冷媒クーラー群配置領域と、は、各冷媒クーラー群配置領域の長辺が前記矩形状領域の共通の一角を挟む２つの辺と各々対向するように配置されたこと。
（ｃ）過冷却用冷媒を用い前記液化した天然ガスを過冷却する過冷却用熱交換器を含む過冷却部と、前記過冷却用熱交換器にて気化した液化用冷媒を圧縮する第３の圧縮機と、が配置されたこと。
（ｄ）前記第１の冷媒クーラー群配置領域は、上面から見て長方形に整列配置された２つの冷媒クーラー群配置領域に分けて設けられ、
　前記２つの冷媒クーラー群配置領域は、互いの長辺を同じ方向に向け、短辺方向に隣り合って配置されたこと。
（ｅ）前記第１の圧縮機を駆動する駆動機と、前記第２の圧縮機を駆動する駆動機と、が共通であること。 The natural gas liquefier may have the following features.
(A) The first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region and the second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region are arranged so as to face each other with the rectangular region in between.
(B) The first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region and the second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region are two sides in which the long side of each refrigerant cooler group arrangement region sandwiches a common corner of the rectangular region. They were arranged so as to face each other.
(C) A supercooling unit including a supercooling heat exchanger that supercools the liquefied natural gas using a supercooling refrigerant, and a third that compresses the liquefied refrigerant vaporized by the supercooling heat exchanger. That the compressor and was placed.
(D) The first refrigerant cooler group arrangement area is divided into two refrigerant cooler group arrangement areas arranged in a rectangular shape when viewed from the upper surface.
The two refrigerant cooler group arrangement regions were arranged adjacent to each other in the short side direction with their long sides facing the same direction.
(E) The drive that drives the first compressor and the drive that drives the second compressor are common.
　本発明は、予冷用熱交換器を含む予冷部及び液化用熱交換器を含む液化部が配置された冷却領域と、予冷部及び液化部で用いられる冷媒を圧縮する第１及び第２の圧縮機が配置された圧縮領域と、の少なくとも一部が、液化用冷媒を冷却する第２の冷媒クーラー群配置領域の長辺を挟んで互いに対向する位置に配置している。これにより予冷部及び液化部と、第１及び第２の圧縮機と、接続する配管を短くすることができるため配管材料の使用量を減らすことができる。　
　また予冷用冷媒を冷却する第１の冷媒クーラー群配置領域を、その長辺が、前記圧縮領域を含む矩形状領域の前記第２の冷媒クーラー群配置領域の長辺と対向する一辺とは異なる辺と対向する位置に配置している。このように第１の冷媒クーラー群配置領域と、第２の冷媒クーラー群配置領域とを離して配置することにより、クレーンなどを用いた建設作業がしやすくなり建設性が良くなる。 In the present invention, a cooling region in which a precooling section including a precooling heat exchanger and a liquefiing section including a liquefaction heat exchanger are arranged, and first and second compressions for compressing the refrigerant used in the precooling section and the liquefiing section. At least a part of the compression region in which the machine is arranged is arranged at a position facing each other with the long side of the second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region for cooling the liquefying refrigerant. As a result, the pipes connected to the precooling part and the liquefiing part, the first and second compressors, and the pipes can be shortened, so that the amount of piping material used can be reduced.
Further, the long side of the first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region for cooling the precooling refrigerant is different from the one whose long side faces the long side of the second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region of the rectangular region including the compression region. It is placed at a position facing the side. By arranging the first refrigerant cooler group arrangement area and the second refrigerant cooler group arrangement area apart from each other in this way, the construction work using a crane or the like becomes easy and the workability is improved.
本発明の実施の形態に係るＮＧ液化装置の全体を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the whole of the NG liquefaction apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. ＮＧ液化装置における冷媒の流通経路を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the flow path of the refrigerant in an NG liquefaction apparatus. 冷却領域と圧縮領域との間を接続する配管を説明する説明図である。It is explanatory drawing explaining the piping which connects between a cooling region and a compression region. ＮＧ液化装置の他の例を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the other example of the NG liquefaction apparatus. ＮＧ液化装置のさらに他の例を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows still another example of an NG liquefaction apparatus. ＮＧ液化装置の別の例を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows another example of the NG liquefaction apparatus. 比較形態に係るＮＧ液化装置の全体を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the whole of the NG liquefaction apparatus which concerns on a comparative form.
　本実施の形態に係る天然ガス（ＮＧ）液化装置について図１を用いて説明する。ＮＧ液化装置は、井戸元から産出されたＮＧに含まれる水銀、酸性ガス（硫化水素、メルカプタン、二酸化炭素など）、水分や重質分などの各種不純物の除去といった前処理を行うホットセクション１を備えている。さらに前処理が行われたＮＧを－３５℃程度に予冷する予冷部２と、予冷後のＮＧから液化した重質分を分離する重質分除去部２０と、重質分が除去されたＮＧを－１００℃から－１２０℃に冷却して液化する液化部３と、を備えている。さらに本実施の形態に係るＮＧ液化装置は、液化したＬＮＧを－１５０℃～－１５６℃に過冷却する過冷却部４と、過冷却後のＬＮＧの一部を断熱膨張させて－１５９℃～－１６２℃程度まで温度を低下させ、常圧で液体のＬＮＧを取得するエンドフラッシュ部４０と、を備えている。 The natural gas (NG) liquefaction apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The NG liquefaction device provides hot section 1 that performs pretreatment such as removal of mercury, acid gas (hydrogen sulfide, mercaptan, carbon dioxide, etc.) contained in NG produced from the well, and various impurities such as water and heavy components. I have. Further, a pre-cooling section 2 that precools the pretreated NG to about −35 ° C., a heavy component removing section 20 that separates the liquefied heavy component from the pre-cooled NG, and an NG from which the heavy component has been removed. Is provided with a liquefaction unit 3 that cools the water from −100 ° C. to −120 ° C. to liquefy it. Further, in the NG liquefaction apparatus according to the present embodiment, the supercooling unit 4 that supercools the liquefied LNG to −150 ° C. to -156 ° C. and a part of the supercooled LNG are adiabatically expanded to 159 ° C. to −159 ° C. It is provided with an end flash unit 40 that lowers the temperature to about -162 ° C. and acquires LNG of liquid at normal pressure.
　ＮＧ液化装置を構成する各部（ホットセクション１、予冷部２、重質分除去部２０、液化部３、過冷却部４、エンドフラッシュ部４０）には、塔槽や熱交換器などの静機器、ポンプなどの動機器、各静機器と動機器との間を接続する接続配管などの多数の機器（機器群）が設けられている。これらの機器群は、各部ごとに骨組み構造の複数階建ての架構内にまとめて配置されている。図１～図７に示す枠線のうち各部に対応する符号「１、２、３、４、２０、４０」を付した枠線は、これらの機器を構成する機器群の配置領域を示している。 Each part (hot section 1, precooling part 2, heavy weight removing part 20, liquefaction part 3, supercooling part 4, end flush part 40) that constitutes the NG liquefaction device is a static device such as a tower tank or a heat exchanger. , A large number of devices (equipment groups) such as moving devices such as pumps and connecting pipes connecting each static device and the moving devices are provided. These equipment groups are collectively arranged in a multi-story frame with a skeleton structure for each part. Of the frame lines shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, the frame lines having the reference numerals "1, 2, 3, 4, 20, 40" corresponding to each part indicate the arrangement area of the device group constituting these devices. There is.
　予冷部２は、予冷用冷媒を用いてＮＧの予冷を行う熱交換器（予冷用熱交換器）を備える。またＮＧ液化装置には、予冷部にて気化した予冷用冷媒を圧縮する第１の圧縮機２１と、圧縮された予冷用冷媒を冷却する複数の空冷式クーラー（ＡＣＨＥ）を含む第１の冷媒クーラー群２２と、が設けられている。　
　同様に液化部３及び過冷却部４は、夫々液化用冷媒及び過冷却用冷媒を用いＮＧの液化、ＬＮＧの過冷却を行う熱交換器（液化用熱交換器、過冷却用熱交換器）を備えている。そしてＮＧ液化装置には、気化した液化用冷媒を圧縮する第２の圧縮機３１及び圧縮された液化用冷媒を冷却する複数のＡＣＨＥを含む第２の冷媒クーラー群３２と、気化した過冷却用冷媒を圧縮する第３の圧縮機４１及び圧縮された過冷却用冷媒を冷却する複数のＡＣＨＥを含む第３の冷媒クーラー群４２と、が設けられている。 The precooling unit 2 includes a heat exchanger (precooling heat exchanger) that precools NG using a precooling refrigerant. Further, the NG liquefaction apparatus includes a first compressor 21 that compresses the precooling refrigerant vaporized in the precooling section, and a first refrigerant including a plurality of air-cooled coolers (ACHE) that cool the compressed precooling refrigerant. A cooler group 22 is provided.
Similarly, the liquefaction unit 3 and the supercooling unit 4 are heat exchangers (liquefaction heat exchanger, overcooling heat exchanger) that liquefy NG and overcool LNG using the liquefaction refrigerant and the supercooling refrigerant, respectively. It has. The NG liquefier includes a second compressor 31 that compresses the vaporized liquefaction refrigerant, a second refrigerant cooler group 32 that includes a plurality of ACHEs that cool the compressed liquefaction refrigerant, and a vaporized overcooling device. A third compressor 41 for compressing the refrigerant and a third refrigerant cooler group 42 including a plurality of ACHEs for cooling the compressed overcooling refrigerant are provided.
　本例においては、第１の圧縮機２１を駆動する駆動機と、第２の圧縮機３１を駆動する駆動機は、共通の駆動機（ガスタービン）９０によって駆動されるガスタービンコンプレッサー９として構成されていると共に、このガスタービンコンプレッサー９が２台設けられている。なおガスタービンコンプレッサー９は１台でも良く、さらに第１の圧縮機２１、及び第２の圧縮機３１が夫々個別の駆動機により駆動される構成でも良い。　
　また本実施の形態に係るＮＧ液化装置は、既述の予冷用冷媒を用いて、第２の冷媒クーラー群３２にて冷却された液化用冷媒をさらに冷却する液化用冷媒／予冷用冷媒熱交換器８（以下、「冷媒冷却熱交換器８」ともいう）を備えている。 In this example, the drive that drives the first compressor 21 and the drive that drives the second compressor 31 are configured as a gas turbine compressor 9 driven by a common drive (gas turbine) 90. In addition, two gas turbine compressors 9 are provided. The number of gas turbine compressors 9 may be one, and the first compressor 21 and the second compressor 31 may be driven by individual drivers.
Further, in the NG liquefaction apparatus according to the present embodiment, the liquefaction refrigerant / precooling refrigerant heat exchange that further cools the liquefaction refrigerant cooled by the second refrigerant cooler group 32 by using the precooling refrigerant described above. A device 8 (hereinafter, also referred to as a “refrigerant cooling heat exchanger 8”) is provided.
　このように本例のＮＧ液化装置は、３種類の冷媒を用いてＬＮＧの生産を行う構成となっている。これらの冷媒の例としては、予冷用冷媒としてプロパン、液化用冷媒として窒素、メタン、エタン、プロパンなどのＭＲ（混合冷媒）、過冷却用冷媒として窒素を使用する場合を挙げることができる。また他の冷媒の組み合わせ例としては、予冷用冷媒としてプロパン、液化用冷媒としてエチレン、過冷却用冷媒としてメタンを用いる場合を挙げることもできる。 As described above, the NG liquefier of this example is configured to produce LNG using three types of refrigerants. Examples of these refrigerants include the case where propane is used as the precooling refrigerant, MR (mixed refrigerant) such as nitrogen, methane, ethane, and propane is used as the liquefaction refrigerant, and nitrogen is used as the overcooling refrigerant. Further, as an example of the combination of other refrigerants, a case where propane is used as the precooling refrigerant, ethylene is used as the liquefaction refrigerant, and methane is used as the supercooling refrigerant can be mentioned.
　またＮＧ液化装置は、第１のパイプラック１０Ａ及び第２のパイプラック１０Ｂを備えている。第１及び第２のパイプラック１０Ａ、１０Ｂは、各々上面から見て長方形の架構により構成され、複数の階層、例えば３段の階層構造となっている。第１及び第２のパイプラック１０Ａ、１０Ｂの各階層には、ＮＧの処理を行う各部の間でＮＧの授受を行う配管や、各熱交換器、圧縮機２１、３１、４１、及び冷媒クーラー群２２、３２、４２の間で冷媒を流すための配管(不図示）が設けられている。 Further, the NG liquefaction apparatus includes a first pipe rack 10A and a second pipe rack 10B. The first and second pipe racks 10A and 10B are each composed of a rectangular frame when viewed from the upper surface, and have a plurality of layers, for example, a three-stage hierarchical structure. In each layer of the first and second pipe racks 10A and 10B, there are pipes for exchanging NG between each part that processes NG, heat exchangers, compressors 21, 31, 41, and a refrigerant cooler. Piping (not shown) for flowing the refrigerant is provided between the groups 22, 32, and 42.
　また第１及び第２のパイプラック１０Ａ、１０Ｂの上面は、第１～第３の冷媒クーラー群２２、３２、４２が上面から見て長方形に整列配置される冷媒クーラー群配置領域２３、３３、４３となっている。本例のＮＧ液化装置の場合は、第１のパイプラック１０Ａの上面が第１の冷媒クーラー群配置領域２３として構成され、図１に向かって第２のパイプラック１０Ｂの長辺方向の右手側の領域が第２の冷媒クーラー群配置領域３３、左手側の領域が第３の冷媒クーラー群配置領域４３として構成されている。 Further, on the upper surfaces of the first and second pipe racks 10A and 10B, the refrigerant cooler group arrangement regions 23, 33, in which the first to third refrigerant cooler groups 22, 32, 42 are arranged in a rectangular shape when viewed from the upper surface, It is 43. In the case of the NG liquefier of this example, the upper surface of the first pipe rack 10A is configured as the first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 23, and the right hand side of the second pipe rack 10B in the long side direction toward FIG. Is configured as a second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 33, and a region on the left hand side is configured as a third refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 43.
　図１、図２、図４～図７に示す矩形上の枠線のうち、パイプラックに対応する符号「１０Ａ、１０Ｂ」を付した枠線は、第１及び第２のパイプラック１０Ａ、１０Ｂを構成する架構の配置領域を示している。また図１、図２、図５及び図６において、第２のパイプラック１０Ｂに重ねて付した点線の枠は、第２及び第３の冷媒クーラー群配置領域３３、４３を示している。さらに図１、図２、図４～図７において、パイプラック１０Ａ，１０Ｂの枠線内に併記した円はＡＣＨＥの一部を模式的に示したものである。図１、図２、図４～図７には、図面の記載が煩雑になることを避けるためパイプラック１０Ａ、１０Ｂの一部領域のみにＡＣＨＥを記載している。 Among the rectangular frame lines shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4 to 7, the frame lines having the reference numerals "10A and 10B" corresponding to the pipe racks are the first and second pipe racks 10A and 10B. It shows the arrangement area of the frame that constitutes. Further, in FIGS. 1, 2, 5 and 6, the dotted frame frame superimposed on the second pipe rack 10B indicates the second and third refrigerant cooler group arrangement regions 33 and 43. Further, in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4 to 7, the circles drawn together in the frame lines of the pipe racks 10A and 10B schematically show a part of ACHE. In FIGS. 1, 2 and 4 to 7, ACHE is described only in a part of the pipe racks 10A and 10B in order to avoid complicating the description of the drawings.
　既述の冷媒クーラー群２２、３２、４２に含まれるＡＣＨＥは、回転式のファンを用いて、ＡＣＨＥの下方側（パイプラックの上面の下方）に設けられた空気の吸引口から空気を取り込み、上方に向けて設けられた排出口から排出するように構成される（図示省略）。被冷却流体（冷媒）が流れるチューブを束ねたチューブバンドルに向けて冷却用空気を供給することにより、冷媒クーラー群に送気された被冷却流体（冷媒）を冷却することができる。 The ACHE included in the above-mentioned refrigerant cooler groups 22, 32, and 42 takes in air from an air suction port provided on the lower side of the ACHE (below the upper surface of the pipe rack) by using a rotary fan. It is configured to discharge from a discharge port provided upward (not shown). By supplying cooling air toward the tube bundle in which the tubes through which the fluid to be cooled (refrigerant) flows are bundled, the fluid to be cooled (refrigerant) sent to the refrigerant cooler group can be cooled.
　なおＮＧ液化装置には、この他、発電用のタービンや発電機、前記タービンの動力源の他、重質分除去部２０に設けられた蒸留塔の熱源となる蒸気を発生させるボイラーまたは温水、ホットオイルなどの熱媒を加熱する加熱システムなどのユーティリティ機器群が設けられている。なお図１、２、４～６ではこれらユーティリティ機器群の記載は省略している。 In addition to the turbine and generator for power generation, the NG liquefier includes a boiler or hot water that generates steam that is a heat source for a distillation tower provided in the heavy component removing unit 20, in addition to the power source of the turbine. A group of utility equipment such as a heating system that heats a heat medium such as hot oil is provided. Note that the description of these utility devices is omitted in FIGS. 1, 2, 4 to 6.
　本実施の形態に係るＮＧ液化装置の各部の配置について説明する。図１に示すようにＮＧ液化装置の略中央には、第２のパイプラック１０Ｂが配置されている。そして、第２のパイプラック１０Ｂの一方側の長辺に沿って、当該第２のパイプラック１０Ｂの一端側から他端側に向かい、ホットセクション１、重質分除去部２０、予冷部２、液化部３、冷媒冷却熱交換器８及びエンドフラッシュ部４０がこの順で設けられている。また第２のパイプラック１０Ｂの他方側の長辺に沿って、第２のパイプラック１０Ｂの一端側から他端側に向かい、第３の圧縮機４１、過冷却部４、及び２台のガスタービンコンプレッサー９がこの順で設けられている。なお２台のガスタービンコンプレッサー９の間には、サブパイプラック１００が設けられている。 The arrangement of each part of the NG liquefaction apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, a second pipe rack 10B is arranged substantially in the center of the NG liquefaction apparatus. Then, along the long side of one side of the second pipe rack 10B, from one end side to the other end side of the second pipe rack 10B, the hot section 1, the heavy component removing portion 20, the precooling portion 2, and the like. The liquefaction unit 3, the refrigerant cooling heat exchanger 8, and the end flush unit 40 are provided in this order. Further, along the long side of the other side of the second pipe rack 10B, from one end side to the other end side of the second pipe rack 10B, the third compressor 41, the supercooling unit 4, and the two gases are used. Turbine compressors 9 are provided in this order. A sub-pipe rack 100 is provided between the two gas turbine compressors 9.
　ここで２台のガスタービンコンプレッサー９が設けられた領域を圧縮領域５と呼び、予冷部２、液化部３及び冷媒冷却熱交換器８が設けられた領域を冷却領域６と呼ぶ。このとき、これら圧縮領域５と冷却領域６との少なくとも一部が、第２のパイプラック１０Ｂの長辺を挟んで互いに対向する位置に設けられている。 Here, the region where the two gas turbine compressors 9 are provided is called the compression region 5, and the region where the precooling unit 2, the liquefaction unit 3 and the refrigerant cooling heat exchanger 8 are provided is called the cooling region 6. At this time, at least a part of the compression region 5 and the cooling region 6 is provided at positions facing each other with the long side of the second pipe rack 10B interposed therebetween.
　そして圧縮領域５を含む矩形状領域（図１においては、圧縮領域５に対応する一点鎖線で囲んだ領域）に着目したとき、前記第２のパイプラック１０Ｂの長辺と対向する前記矩形状領域の一辺とは反対側の辺に対し、第１のパイプラック１０Ａが、その長辺を対向させるように配置されている。言い替えると、第１のパイプラック１０Ａ（第１の冷媒クーラー群配置領域２３）と第２のパイプラック１０Ｂ（第２の冷媒クーラー群配置領域３３）とが、既述の矩形状領域を挟んで互いに対向するように配置されている。 Then, when focusing on the rectangular region including the compressed region 5 (in FIG. 1, the region surrounded by the alternate long and short dash line corresponding to the compressed region 5), the rectangular region facing the long side of the second pipe rack 10B. The first pipe rack 10A is arranged so that its long side faces the side opposite to one side. In other words, the first pipe rack 10A (first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 23) and the second pipe rack 10B (second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 33) sandwich the above-mentioned rectangular region. They are arranged so as to face each other.
　以上に説明したように各部が配置されたＮＧ液化装置について図１には、プロセス流体（ＮＧ、液化後のＬＮＧ）の概略の流れを実線の矢印で示している。例えば井戸元から産出されたＮＧは、ホットセクション（前処理部）１→予冷部２→重質分除去部２０→液化部３→過冷却部４→エンドフラッシュ部４０の順に第２のパイプラック１０Ｂを介して流れながら処理され、ＬＮＧとしてＮＧ液化装置から流出する。 Regarding the NG liquefier in which each part is arranged as described above, FIG. 1 shows the approximate flow of the process fluid (NG, LNG after liquefaction) with solid arrows. For example, the NG produced from the well is the second pipe rack in the order of hot section (pretreatment section) 1 → precooling section 2 → heavy component removing section 20 → liquefaction section 3 → supercooling section 4 → end flush section 40. It is processed while flowing through 10B, and flows out from the NG liquefier as LNG.
　また図２には、当該ＮＧ液化装置における各冷媒の流れる概略の経路を矢印で示しており、実線の矢印が予冷用冷媒、鎖線の矢印が液化用冷媒、及び破線の矢印が過冷却用冷媒の流れを示す。以下図４～図６についても同様に各冷媒の流れの概略経路を示す。 Further, in FIG. 2, the approximate path through which each refrigerant flows in the NG liquefaction apparatus is indicated by arrows, the solid line arrow is the precooling refrigerant, the chain line arrow is the liquefaction refrigerant, and the broken line arrow is the overcooling refrigerant. Shows the flow of. Hereinafter, FIGS. 4 to 6 also show a schematic path of the flow of each refrigerant in the same manner.
　予冷部２で用いられる予冷用冷媒は、予冷部２に設けられた予冷用熱交換器（不図示）及び冷媒冷却熱交換器８に供給され、ＮＧの予冷及び液化用冷媒の冷却に用いられる。予冷用冷媒は、予冷部２の予冷用熱交換器及び冷媒冷却熱交換器８にて熱交換により気化した後、２台の第１の圧縮機２１に並列に送気される。気化した予冷用冷媒は、第１の圧縮機２１にて圧縮された後、サブパイプラック１００を介して第１のパイプラック１０Ａに送気され、第１の冷媒クーラー群２２にて冷却され、液化、過冷却される。さらに冷却された予冷用冷媒は、サブパイプラック１００を介し、第２のパイプラック１０Ｂを横断して予冷部２の予冷用熱交換器及び冷媒冷却熱交換器８に供給される。 The precooling refrigerant used in the precooling unit 2 is supplied to the precooling heat exchanger (not shown) and the refrigerant cooling heat exchanger 8 provided in the precooling unit 2, and is used for precooling the NG and cooling the liquefied refrigerant. .. The precooling refrigerant is vaporized by heat exchange in the precooling heat exchanger and the refrigerant cooling heat exchanger 8 of the precooling unit 2, and then sent in parallel to the two first compressors 21. The vaporized precooling refrigerant is compressed by the first compressor 21, then sent to the first pipe rack 10A via the sub pipe rack 100, and cooled by the first refrigerant cooler group 22. Liquefied and supercooled. The further cooled precooling refrigerant is supplied to the precooling heat exchanger and the refrigerant cooling heat exchanger 8 of the precooling unit 2 across the second pipe rack 10B via the sub-pipe rack 100.
　液化部３で用いられる液化用冷媒は、液化部３の液化用熱交換器である極低温熱交換器（不図示）における熱交換にて気化した後、２台の第２の圧縮機３１に並列に送気される。第２の圧縮機３１にて昇圧された液化用冷媒は、第２のパイプラック１０Ｂに送気され、第２の冷媒クーラー群３２にて冷却され、液化される。第２の冷媒クーラー群３２にて冷却された液化用冷媒は、さらに、冷媒冷却熱交換器８にて冷却されて、極低温熱交換器に供給される。 The liquefaction refrigerant used in the liquefaction unit 3 is vaporized by heat exchange in the ultra-low temperature heat exchanger (not shown), which is the liquefaction heat exchanger of the liquefaction unit 3, and then is transferred to the two second compressors 31. Air is sent in parallel. The liquefiing refrigerant boosted by the second compressor 31 is sent to the second pipe rack 10B, cooled by the second refrigerant cooler group 32, and liquefied. The liquefiing refrigerant cooled by the second refrigerant cooler group 32 is further cooled by the refrigerant cooling heat exchanger 8 and supplied to the ultra-low temperature heat exchanger.
　過冷却部４にて用いられる過冷却用冷媒は、過冷却部４の過冷却用熱交換器における熱交換にて気化した後、第３の圧縮機４１に送気される。第３の圧縮機４１にて昇圧された過冷却用冷媒は、第２のパイプラック１０Ｂに送気され、第３の冷媒クーラー群４２にて冷却、液化され、過冷却用熱交換器に供給される。 The supercooling refrigerant used in the supercooling unit 4 is vaporized by heat exchange in the supercooling heat exchanger of the supercooling unit 4, and then sent to the third compressor 41. The supercooling refrigerant boosted by the third compressor 41 is sent to the second pipe rack 10B, cooled and liquefied by the third refrigerant cooler group 42, and supplied to the supercooling heat exchanger. Will be done.
　上述の実施の形態に係るＮＧ液化装置の効果について、図７に示す比較形態に係るＮＧ液化装置の配置例と比較しながら説明する。比較形態に係るＮＧ液化装置は、ＮＧ液化装置の中央に第１の冷媒クーラー群配置領域２３を設けた第１のパイプラック１０Ａと、第２の冷媒クーラー群配置領域３３を設けた第２のパイプラック１０Ｂと、が互いに長辺の向きを揃えて並べて設けられている。そしてこれら第１及び第２のパイプラック１０Ａ、１０Ｂの並びの一方側の長辺に沿って、ホットセクション１、重質分除去部２０、及びエンドフラッシュ部４０がこの順に設けられている。また第１及び第２のパイプラック１０Ａ、１０Ｂの並びの他方側の長辺に沿って、ガスタービンコンプレッサー９、予冷部２、液化部３、冷媒冷却熱交換器８、及びガスタービンコンプレッサー９がこの順に設けられている。 The effect of the NG liquefaction apparatus according to the above-described embodiment will be described while comparing with the arrangement example of the NG liquefaction apparatus according to the comparative embodiment shown in FIG. The NG liquefaction apparatus according to the comparative embodiment has a first pipe rack 10A provided with a first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 23 in the center of the NG liquefaction apparatus, and a second pipe rack 10A provided with a second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 33. The pipe racks 10B and the pipe racks 10B are provided side by side with their long sides aligned with each other. A hot section 1, a heavy weight removing section 20, and an end flush section 40 are provided in this order along one long side of the arrangement of the first and second pipe racks 10A and 10B. Further, along the long side on the other side of the arrangement of the first and second pipe racks 10A and 10B, the gas turbine compressor 9, the precooling unit 2, the liquefaction unit 3, the refrigerant cooling heat exchanger 8, and the gas turbine compressor 9 are arranged. It is provided in this order.
　このような比較形態に係るＮＧ液化装置のように、２本のパイプラック１０Ａ、１０Ｂを並べて設けた場合、２本のパイプラック１０Ａ、１０Ｂの間の間隔が狭くなってしまう。そのため２本のパイプラック１０Ａ、１０Ｂ間に配管の設置などの作業を行おうとしたときに、パイプラック１０Ａ、１０Ｂ間にクレーンを進入させることができない。このため、２本のパイプラック１０Ａ、１０Ｂの並びの側方から大型のクレーンを用いパイプラック１０Ａ、１０Ｂを越えて作業せざるを得ない場合がある。　
　このような問題に対して、本実施の形態に係るＮＧ液化装置では、第１のパイプラック１０Ａと第２のパイプラック１０Ｂとの間に圧縮領域５が設けられ、これらのパイプラック１０Ａ、１０Ｂが離れて配置されている。このため、クレーン等が進入し作業を行う空間を十分に確保することができるため、建設作業がしやすく建設性が良くなる。 When two pipe racks 10A and 10B are provided side by side as in the NG liquefaction apparatus according to such a comparative embodiment, the distance between the two pipe racks 10A and 10B becomes narrow. Therefore, when trying to perform work such as installing a pipe between the two pipe racks 10A and 10B, the crane cannot enter between the pipe racks 10A and 10B. Therefore, it may be necessary to work over the pipe racks 10A and 10B by using a large crane from the side of the arrangement of the two pipe racks 10A and 10B.
In response to such a problem, in the NG liquefaction apparatus according to the present embodiment, a compression region 5 is provided between the first pipe rack 10A and the second pipe rack 10B, and these pipe racks 10A and 10B are provided. Are placed apart. For this reason, it is possible to secure a sufficient space for the crane or the like to enter and perform the work, so that the construction work is easy and the workability is improved.
　また一般に、ＮＧ液化装置を建設するにあたっては、ＮＧ液化装置の敷地の中央から周縁に向けて順番に機器が設置されていく。そのため図７に示す比較形態のＮＧ液化装置では、まず中央に配置される２本のパイプラック１０Ａ、１０Ｂが設置され、その後に周囲の各部の機器の設置を行う。　
　これに対して本実施の形態に係るＮＧ液化装置では、ＮＧ液化装置の中央に第２のパイプラック１０Ｂのみを配置している。このため、２本のパイプラック１０Ａ、１０Ｂを設置する場合と比較して、１本のパイプラック１０Ｂの設置に付随する作業は少ない。そのため、第２のパイプラック１０Ｂの設置後、比較的短期間で周囲機器の設置を開始することができる。 In general, when constructing an NG liquefaction device, the devices are installed in order from the center to the periphery of the site of the NG liquefaction device. Therefore, in the NG liquefaction apparatus of the comparative form shown in FIG. 7, two pipe racks 10A and 10B arranged in the center are first installed, and then the equipment of each surrounding part is installed.
On the other hand, in the NG liquefaction apparatus according to the present embodiment, only the second pipe rack 10B is arranged in the center of the NG liquefaction apparatus. Therefore, as compared with the case where two pipe racks 10A and 10B are installed, the work associated with the installation of one pipe rack 10B is less. Therefore, after the installation of the second pipe rack 10B, the installation of the peripheral equipment can be started in a relatively short period of time.
　また図２を用いて概略の冷媒の流れを説明したように、本実施の形態に係るＮＧ液化装置では、第１のパイプラック１０Ａにおいて、液化用冷媒や過冷却用冷媒の処理（第１の冷媒クーラー群２２による冷却）は行わない。即ち、液化用冷媒や過冷却用冷媒に直接、関与しない第１のパイプラック１０Ａ（第１の冷媒クーラー配置領域）がこれらの冷媒の流れる経路から外れた位置に設けられる。そのため第１のパイプラック１０Ａには、これらの冷媒を流す配管が設置されたり、横断することがない。また図１に示すように第１のパイプラック１０Ａは、ＮＧの処理経路からも外れるためＮＧを流通させる配管も設置されない。上述の構造により第１のパイプラック１０Ａに配置される配管が少なくなるため、既述の比較形態と比べて第１のパイプラック１０Ａを低くすることができる。これにより第１のパイプラック１０Ａの構成部材の使用量を少なくすることができ工事量を抑制することもできる。 Further, as described in the schematic flow of the refrigerant with reference to FIG. 2, in the NG liquefaction apparatus according to the present embodiment, the treatment of the liquefaction refrigerant and the supercooling refrigerant is performed in the first pipe rack 10A (first). Cooling by the refrigerant cooler group 22) is not performed. That is, the first pipe rack 10A (first refrigerant cooler arrangement region) that is not directly involved in the liquefaction refrigerant or the supercooling refrigerant is provided at a position deviated from the flow path of these refrigerants. Therefore, in the first pipe rack 10A, a pipe for flowing these refrigerants is not installed or crossed. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, since the first pipe rack 10A is also out of the NG processing path, no pipe for circulating NG is installed. Since the number of pipes arranged in the first pipe rack 10A is reduced due to the above-mentioned structure, the first pipe rack 10A can be lowered as compared with the above-described comparative embodiment. As a result, the amount of the constituent members of the first pipe rack 10A can be reduced, and the amount of construction work can be suppressed.
　なお高さが異なるパイプラックが設置されると、背の低いパイプラックに配置されたＡＣＨＥから排出された温度の高い空気が、背の高いパイプラックに配置されたＡＣＨＥの下面側から取り込まれて当該ＡＣＨＥの冷却能力を低下させるＨＡＲ（Hot Air Recirculation）が発生するおそれがある。そこで、例えば背の低いパイプラックに設けられたＡＣＨＥのダクトを高くするなど、高さの異なるパイプラック間でＡＣＨＥの空気の排出口の高さが揃うような対策を講じてもよい。 When pipe racks with different heights are installed, the hot air discharged from the ACHE arranged in the short pipe rack is taken in from the lower surface side of the ACHE arranged in the tall pipe rack. HAR (Hot Air Recirculation) that reduces the cooling capacity of the ACHE may occur. Therefore, measures may be taken so that the heights of the air outlets of the ACHE are aligned between the pipe racks having different heights, for example, by raising the duct of the ACHE provided in the short pipe rack.
　さらに本実施の形態のＮＧ液化装置では、第１のパイプラック１０Ａに配置される配管が少なくなることで第１のパイプラック１０Ａの風通しが良くなり、ＡＣＨＥが空気を吸引しやすくなるためＡＣＨＥの空気の吸引量が安定する。これによりＡＣＨＥを含む冷媒クーラー群２２の冷却効率が安定する。 Further, in the NG liquefaction apparatus of the present embodiment, the number of pipes arranged in the first pipe rack 10A is reduced, so that the ventilation of the first pipe rack 10A is improved and the ACHE easily sucks air. The amount of air sucked is stable. As a result, the cooling efficiency of the refrigerant cooler group 22 including ACHE is stabilized.
　また比較形態に係るＮＧ液化装置においては、２つ並べて配置されたパイプラック１０Ａ、１０Ｂと、気化した予冷用冷媒や液化用冷媒が流れる大口径配管とを交差させないことにより、パイプラック１０Ａ、１０Ｂの高背化を抑制していた。この結果、例えば図７に示すように圧縮機２１、３１と予冷部２、及び液化部３とがパイプラック１０Ａ、１０Ｂの長手方向に離れて配置されることもあった。この場合には図７に示すように冷媒を流す距離が長くなり配管長が長くなることで材料や工事量が増える。特に圧縮機２１、３１と予冷部２、及び液化部３とを接続する配管は径が太く、この配管が伸びることで、配管材料や工事量が大きく増加する。 Further, in the NG liquefaction apparatus according to the comparative embodiment, the pipe racks 10A and 10B arranged side by side are not crossed with the large-diameter pipe through which the vaporized precooling refrigerant and the liquefaction refrigerant flow. Was suppressing the increase in height. As a result, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, the compressors 21 and 31, the precooling section 2 and the liquefiing section 3 may be arranged apart from each other in the longitudinal direction of the pipe racks 10A and 10B. In this case, as shown in FIG. 7, the distance through which the refrigerant flows becomes long and the pipe length becomes long, so that the material and the amount of construction work increase. In particular, the pipe connecting the compressors 21 and 31 to the precooling unit 2 and the liquefied unit 3 has a large diameter, and the extension of this pipe greatly increases the piping material and the amount of construction work.
　これに対して本実施の形態に係るＮＧ液化装置は、第１及び第２の圧縮機２１、３１が配置される圧縮領域５と、予冷部２、及び液化部３が配置される冷却領域６と、を第２のパイプラック１０Ｂ（第２の冷媒クーラー群配置領域３３）の長辺を挟んで対向するように配置している。そのため圧縮機２１、３１と予冷部２、及び液化部３との距離が近く、配管を短くすることができるため、材料や工事量の増加を抑制することができる。 On the other hand, in the NG liquefaction apparatus according to the present embodiment, the compression region 5 in which the first and second compressors 21 and 31 are arranged, and the cooling region 6 in which the precooling unit 2 and the liquefaction unit 3 are arranged. And are arranged so as to face each other across the long side of the second pipe rack 10B (second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 33). Therefore, the distances between the compressors 21 and 31 and the precooling section 2 and the liquefiing section 3 are short, and the piping can be shortened, so that an increase in the amount of materials and construction work can be suppressed.
　ここで既述のように、図７に示す比較形態に係るＮＧ液化装置においては、大口径配管をパイプラック１０Ａ、１０Ｂと交差させない機器配置を選択することにより、パイプラック１０Ａ、１０Ｂの高背化を抑制していた。　
　これに対して図２に示すように、第２のパイプラック１０Ｂの長辺を挟んで、圧縮領域５と冷却領域６との少なくとも一部を対向させて配置した本例のＮＧ液化装置では、例えば気化した冷媒が流れる大口径配管が、第２のパイプラック１０Ｂを横切る配置となってしまう。　 As described above, in the NG liquefaction apparatus according to the comparative embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the height of the pipe racks 10A and 10B is increased by selecting the equipment arrangement in which the large-diameter pipes do not intersect with the pipe racks 10A and 10B. It was suppressing the conversion.
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, in the NG liquefaction apparatus of this example, in which at least a part of the compression region 5 and the cooling region 6 are arranged so as to face each other with the long side of the second pipe rack 10B interposed therebetween. For example, a large-diameter pipe through which vaporized refrigerant flows is arranged to cross the second pipe rack 10B.
　この点につき発明者らは、図３に示すように、例えば予冷部２側の熱交換器２００から伸び、第２のパイプラック１０Ｂを短手方向に横断する最も口径の大きな配管２０１を、略直管状に構成することにより、当該配管２０１を横断させない比較形態と同様にパイプラックの高さを低くすることができる。
　一方、大口配管と他の配管の干渉を避けて大口径配管を屈曲して配置する場合、資材使用量が増え、パイプラックが高くなるため建設が複雑となる。本発明の配管２０１は略直管状であり、このような問題は生じない。 In this regard, as shown in FIG. 3, the inventors omit, for example, the pipe 201 having the largest diameter extending from the heat exchanger 200 on the precooling portion 2 side and crossing the second pipe rack 10B in the lateral direction. By forming the pipe rack in a straight tubular shape, the height of the pipe rack can be lowered as in the comparative mode in which the pipe 201 is not traversed.
On the other hand, when the large-diameter pipe is bent and arranged while avoiding the interference between the large-diameter pipe and other pipes, the amount of materials used increases and the pipe rack becomes expensive, which complicates the construction. The pipe 201 of the present invention has a substantially straight tubular shape, and such a problem does not occur.
　以上に説明した特徴を備える本実施の形態に係るＮＧ液化装置によれば、比較形態に係るＮＧ液化装置と同様に図１に示す各部を配置した構成（図７の比較形態に対して、ホットセクション１を図１と同様の配置にするとともに、図１と同様の過冷却部４、第３の圧縮機４１、第３の冷媒クーラー群４２を設けた３冷媒を用いてＮＧを液化する構成）と比較して、総配管長を９％ほど短くできるという計算結果が得られた。 According to the NG liquefaction apparatus according to the present embodiment having the features described above, each part shown in FIG. 1 is arranged in the same manner as the NG liquefaction apparatus according to the comparative embodiment (compared to the comparative embodiment shown in FIG. 7). Section 1 is arranged in the same manner as in FIG. 1, and NG is liquefied using three refrigerants provided with the same supercooling unit 4, the third compressor 41, and the third refrigerant cooler group 42 as in FIG. ), The calculation result that the total pipe length can be shortened by about 9% was obtained.
　ここで、本例にかかるＮＧ液化装置は、過冷却部４を備えていなくてもよい。図４は、このようなＮＧ液化装置を示している。図１に示したＮＧ液化装置と比較して、第３の圧縮機４１及び、過冷却部４が設けられておらず、第３の圧縮機４１及び、過冷却部４が設けられていた個所にホットセクション１が設けられている点が異なる。　
　この例においても、（１）第１の冷媒クーラー群配置領域２３と第２の冷媒クーラー群配置領域３３とを離して配置し、（２）圧縮領域５と、冷却領域６との少なくとも一部が、第２のパイプラック１０Ｂの長辺を挟んで互いに対向する位置に設けることにより、既述の実施形態と同様の効果が得られる。
　また図５に示すように第１の冷媒クーラー群配置領域２３を上面から見て長方形に整列配置された２本の第１のパイプラック１０Ａに分けて設け、互いの長辺を同じ方向に向け、短辺方向に隣り合って配置してもよい。 Here, the NG liquefaction device according to this example does not have to include the supercooling unit 4. FIG. 4 shows such an NG liquefaction device. Compared to the NG liquefaction apparatus shown in FIG. 1, the location where the third compressor 41 and the supercooling unit 4 were not provided and the third compressor 41 and the supercooling unit 4 were provided. The difference is that the hot section 1 is provided in the.
Also in this example, (1) the first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 23 and the second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 33 are arranged apart from each other, and (2) at least a part of the compression region 5 and the cooling region 6. However, by providing the second pipe rack 10B at positions facing each other with the long side sandwiched between them, the same effect as that of the above-described embodiment can be obtained.
Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 23 is divided into two first pipe racks 10A arranged in a rectangular shape when viewed from the upper surface, and the long sides of the first pipe racks 10A are oriented in the same direction. , May be arranged next to each other in the short side direction.
　さらに本例かかるＮＧ液化装置において、第１の冷媒クーラー群配置領域２３は、その長辺が、圧縮領域５を含む矩形状領域の前記第２の冷媒クーラー群配置領域３３の長辺と対向する一辺とは異なる辺と対向する位置に配置されていればよい。例えば図６に示すように、各冷媒クーラー群配置領域２３、３３の長辺が圧縮領域５を含む矩形状領域の共通の一角（図６に示す矩形上領域の右下の角）を挟むように第１の冷媒クーラー群配置領域２３と、第２の冷媒クーラー群配置領域３３と、を配置してもよい。 Further, in the NG liquefaction apparatus of this example, the long side of the first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 23 faces the long side of the second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 33 of the rectangular region including the compression region 5. It suffices if it is arranged at a position facing a side different from one side. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the long sides of the refrigerant cooler group arrangement regions 23 and 33 sandwich a common corner of the rectangular region including the compression region 5 (the lower right corner of the rectangular upper region shown in FIG. 6). The first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 23 and the second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region 33 may be arranged.
２　　　　　　　予冷部
３　　　　　　　液化部
５　　　　　　　圧縮領域
６　　　　　　　冷却領域
２１　　　　　　第１の圧縮機
２３　　　　　　第１の冷媒クーラー群配置領域
３１　　　　　　第２の圧縮機
３３　　　　　　第２の冷媒クーラー群配置領域 2 Precooling unit 3 Liquefaction unit 5 Compression area 6 Cooling area 21 First compressor 23 First refrigerant cooler group arrangement area 31 Second compressor 33 Second refrigerant cooler group arrangement area

Claims (6)

  1. 　天然ガスを液化する天然ガス液化装置において、
    　予冷用冷媒を用い、前記天然ガス液化装置に供給された天然ガスを予冷する予冷用熱交換器を含む予冷部と、液化用冷媒を用い前記予冷された後の天然ガスを液化する液化用熱交換器を含む液化部と、が配置された冷却領域と、
    　気化した前記予冷用冷媒を圧縮する第１の圧縮機と、気化した前記液化用冷媒を圧縮する第２の圧縮機と、が配置された圧縮領域と、
    　前記第１の圧縮機にて圧縮された予冷用冷媒を冷却する空冷式クーラー群が、上面から見て長方形に整列配置された第１の冷媒クーラー群配置領域と、
    　前記第２の圧縮機にて圧縮された液化用冷媒を冷却する空冷式クーラー群が、上面から見て長方形に整列配置された第２の冷媒クーラー群配置領域と、を備え、
    　前記冷却領域と、前記圧縮領域と、の少なくとも一部が前記第２の冷媒クーラー群配置領域の前記長方形の長辺を挟んで互いに対向する位置に配置されたことと、
    　前記第１の冷媒クーラー群配置領域は、その長辺が、前記圧縮領域を含む矩形状領域の前記第２の冷媒クーラー群配置領域の長辺と対向する一辺とは異なる辺と対向する位置に配置されたことと、を特徴とする天然ガス液化装置。     In a natural gas liquefaction device that liquefies natural gas
    A precooling unit including a precooling heat exchanger that precools the natural gas supplied to the natural gas liquefaction apparatus using a precooling refrigerant, and a liquefaction heat that liquefies the precooled natural gas using a liquefaction refrigerant. The liquefied part including the exchanger, the cooling area where the exchanger is arranged, and
    A compression region in which a first compressor for compressing the vaporized precooling refrigerant and a second compressor for compressing the vaporized liquefaction refrigerant are arranged.
    The air-cooled cooler group for cooling the precooling refrigerant compressed by the first compressor is arranged in a rectangular shape when viewed from the upper surface, and the first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region.
    The air-cooled cooler group for cooling the liquefied refrigerant compressed by the second compressor includes a second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region arranged in a rectangular shape when viewed from the upper surface.
    At least a part of the cooling region and the compression region were arranged at positions facing each other with the long side of the rectangle of the second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region interposed therebetween.
    The first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region is located at a position where the long side of the first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region faces a side different from the long side of the second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region of the rectangular region including the compression region. A natural gas liquefaction device that is characterized by being placed.
  2. 　前記第１の冷媒クーラー群配置領域と、第２の冷媒クーラー群配置領域と、は、前記矩形状領域を挟んで互いに対向するように配置されたことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の天然ガス液化装置。 The natural gas according to claim 1, wherein the first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region and the second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region are arranged so as to face each other with the rectangular region interposed therebetween. Gas liquefier.
  3. 　前記第１の冷媒クーラー群配置領域と、第２の冷媒クーラー群配置領域と、は、各冷媒クーラー群配置領域の長辺が前記矩形状領域の共通の一角を挟む２つの辺と各々対向するように配置されたことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の天然ガス液化装置。 The first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region and the second refrigerant cooler group arrangement region each have a long side of each refrigerant cooler group arrangement region facing two sides sandwiching a common corner of the rectangular region. The natural gas liquefaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the natural gas liquefaction apparatus is arranged in such a manner.
  4. 　過冷却用冷媒を用い前記液化した天然ガスを過冷却する過冷却用熱交換器を含む過冷却部と、前記過冷却用熱交換器にて気化した液化用冷媒を圧縮する第３の圧縮機と、が配置されたことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の天然ガス液化装置。 A supercooling unit including a supercooling heat exchanger that supercools the liquefied natural gas using a supercooling refrigerant, and a third compressor that compresses the liquefied refrigerant vaporized by the supercooling heat exchanger. The natural gas liquefaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the and is arranged.
  5. 　前記第１の冷媒クーラー群配置領域は、上面から見て長方形に整列配置された２つの冷媒クーラー群配置領域に分けて設けられ、
    　前記２つの冷媒クーラー群配置領域は、互いの長辺を同じ方向に向け、短辺方向に隣り合って配置されたことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の天然ガス液化装置。     The first refrigerant cooler group arrangement region is divided into two refrigerant cooler group arrangement regions arranged in a rectangular shape when viewed from the upper surface.
    The natural gas liquefaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the two refrigerant cooler group arrangement regions are arranged adjacent to each other in the short side direction with their long sides facing the same direction.
  6. 　前記第１の圧縮機を駆動する駆動機と、前記第２の圧縮機を駆動する駆動機と、が共通であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の天然ガス液化装置。 The natural gas liquefaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the drive for driving the first compressor and the drive for driving the second compressor are common.
PCT/JP2019/039815 2019-10-09 2019-10-09 Natural gas liquefying apparatus WO2021070282A1 (en)

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