WO2021057725A1 - Procédé de fabrication additive - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication additive Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021057725A1
WO2021057725A1 PCT/CN2020/116830 CN2020116830W WO2021057725A1 WO 2021057725 A1 WO2021057725 A1 WO 2021057725A1 CN 2020116830 W CN2020116830 W CN 2020116830W WO 2021057725 A1 WO2021057725 A1 WO 2021057725A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
laser beam
powder
additive manufacturing
laser
contour
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/116830
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王泽敏
孟梁
Original Assignee
华中科技大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华中科技大学 filed Critical 华中科技大学
Publication of WO2021057725A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021057725A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/362—Process control of energy beam parameters for preheating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/49—Scanners
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the technical field related to additive manufacturing, and more specifically, relates to an additive manufacturing method.
  • Additive manufacturing technology is based on the principle of discrete-stacking, under the action of high-energy beams, rapid accumulation of materials point by point layer by layer to form a preset three-dimensional entity technology.
  • metal additive manufacturing technology is a technology that uses high-energy beams to melt metal powder according to a specific scanning path, process it layer by layer, stack it layer by layer, and rapidly shape the entity. Because this technology does not require traditional tools and fixtures and multiple processing procedures, it can quickly and accurately manufacture parts of any complex shape, realize the "free forging" of parts, solve the forming of many complex structural parts, and greatly shorten the processing cycle. Therefore, this technology has important application value in aerospace, weaponry, medical and other fields.
  • the present invention provides an additive manufacturing method. Based on the characteristics of the existing additive manufacturing, an additive manufacturing method with better accuracy and efficiency is researched and designed.
  • a beam splitter such as a prism/half-reflective mirror.
  • the high-power large-spot laser beam is used to fill the solid body, and the low-power small-spot laser beam is used to scan contour/preset Thermal powder matrix; when low-power and small-spot laser beams are used to scan contours, high-power and large-spot laser beams are separated by several layers for solid filling; when low-power and small-spot laser beams are used to preheat the matrix powder, high-power and large-spot lasers
  • the laser beam and the low-power small spot laser beam work together for processing and scanning. In this way, the low-power laser beam is used for contour scanning/preheating the matrix powder, which improves the forming accuracy and surface quality, and improves the microstructure and mechanical properties.
  • the high-power laser beam Filling the entity greatly improves the forming efficiency, and the method is simple, easy to implement, and low in cost.
  • the present invention provides an additive manufacturing method, which mainly includes the following steps:
  • An additive manufacturing device includes a laser and a split-light scanning component disposed oppositely, the laser emits a laser beam to the split-light scanning component, and the split-light scanning component divides the laser beam into two beams Laser beams with different energies are respectively a first laser beam and a second laser beam, and the power of the first laser beam is less than the power of the second laser beam;
  • the first laser beam preheats the powder on the device or scans the contour of the part to be formed, and the second laser beam melts the preheated powder or scans the contour
  • the powder is melted and scanned to form, and then the processing of the parts to be formed is completed.
  • step (2) it also includes a step of evacuating the forming cavity of the device or filling it with an inert gas.
  • step (2) includes the following specific steps:
  • the first laser beam scans the contour of the part to be formed. After the current layer is scanned, the forming cylinder of the device is lowered by a layer thickness, and the forming device performs powder spreading. Then, the The first laser beam then performs contour scanning processing;
  • step (21) after scanning and processing the contour of a predetermined number of layers, the second laser beam performs a one-time filling scan of the powder inside the contour to form a solid;
  • step (23) Repeat step (21) and step (22) until the integral forming of the entire part to be formed is completed.
  • step (2) includes the following specific steps:
  • the first laser beam first preheats the powder on the device, and then the second laser beam melts and shapes the preheated powder. After the current layer is completed, the device After the forming cylinder is lowered by a height of the layer thickness, the device spreads powder, and the first laser beam and the second laser beam again preheat the powder and scan the solid parts successively;
  • step (b) Repeat step (a) until the integral forming of the entire part to be formed is completed.
  • the light splitting scanning assembly includes a light splitting element and two scanning systems, the two scanning systems are arranged around the light splitting element; the light splitting element is used to divide the received laser beam into two different energies.
  • the two obtained laser beams respectively pass through the two scanning systems and are emitted from the light exit port, thereby obtaining the first laser beam and the second laser beam.
  • the light splitting element is a prism or a half mirror.
  • the material of the powder includes any one or more of titanium alloy, high temperature alloy, iron-based alloy, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, and copper alloy.
  • the predetermined number of layers is greater than or equal to 5.
  • the additive manufacturing method provided by the present invention mainly has the following beneficial effects:
  • the spectroscopic scanning component divides the laser beam into two laser beams with different energies, namely a first laser beam and a second laser beam, the power of the first laser beam is less than the power of the second laser beam , Realizing the simultaneous processing of different power laser beams, the method is simple, the cost is reduced, the efficiency is improved, and the applicability is strong.
  • the first laser beam preheats the powder on the device or scans the contour of the part to be formed, using a low-power and small-spot laser beam to scan the contour, the low-power small-spot has a smaller spot diameter, and the forming process
  • the precision of the surface of the medium formed solid is higher.
  • the smaller diameter of the spot will also make the surface of the formed solid better, and the surface of the formed solid will be smoother without too much fluctuation, which improves the microstructure and mechanical properties. , Improve the quality of the formed parts.
  • the second laser beam melts and scans the preheated powder or melts and scans the powder in the contour.
  • the high-power and large-spot laser beam is used to scan and fill the entity in several layers, and the layer thickness of several layers of the entity Larger, it just needs a high-power laser beam to melt, which is equivalent to using a high-power laser beam to form a multi-layer entity at one time. In contrast, it greatly improves the overall forming efficiency and also ensures the formation of the solid surface and contour. Accuracy and quality, to achieve the purpose of taking into account the forming efficiency and forming accuracy, and realize the high-precision, high-efficiency, and high-surface quality additive manufacturing.
  • the forming cavity of the device is evacuated or filled with inert gas, which ensures that the powder will not be oxidized when interacting with the laser beam, and the forming quality is ensured.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of an additive manufacturing method provided by the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the process of the additive manufacturing method provided by the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a process schematic diagram of the additive manufacturing method provided by the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the additive manufacturing method provided by the first embodiment of the present invention mainly includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Provide an additive manufacturing device, the device includes a laser and a split-light scanning component disposed oppositely, the laser emits a laser beam to the split-light scanning component, and the split-light scanning component divides the laser beam into two beams
  • the laser beams with different energies are respectively a first laser beam and a second laser beam, and the power of the first laser beam is less than the power of the second laser beam.
  • the air in the forming cavity is replaced with vacuum or inert gas to ensure that the powder is not oxidized during the action of the laser, and the forming quality is ensured.
  • Step 2 The first laser beam preheats the powder on the device or scans the contour of the part to be formed, and the second laser beam melts the preheated powder or scans the contour The powder is melted and scanned to form, and then the processing of the parts to be formed is completed.
  • the additive manufacturing method provided by the second embodiment of the present invention mainly includes the following steps:
  • An additive manufacturing device includes a laser and a split-light scanning component disposed oppositely, the laser emits a laser beam to the split-light scanning component, and the split-light scanning component divides the laser into two beams of energy
  • the different laser beams are a first laser beam and a second laser beam, and the power of the first laser beam is less than the power of the second laser beam.
  • the additive manufacturing device includes a laser and a first spectroscopic scanning component 2 arranged oppositely, and a forming cylinder and a forming platform.
  • the forming cylinder is connected to the forming platform and is located below the forming platform.
  • the first spectroscopic scanning component 2 includes a spectroscopic element and two sets of scanning systems.
  • the laser is used to emit a laser beam 1, and the laser beam 1 enters the beam splitter, and the beam splitter divides the received laser beam into two laser beams with different energies, and the obtained two laser beams are respectively After passing through the two scanning systems, it is emitted from the light exit, thereby obtaining a first laser beam 11 and a second laser beam 12.
  • the first laser beam 11 is a low-power small-spot laser beam
  • the second laser beam 12 It is a high-power large-spot laser beam, and the power of the first laser beam 11 is less than the power of the second laser beam 12.
  • the first laser beam scans the contour of the part to be formed. After the current layer is scanned, the forming cylinder of the device is lowered by a height of the layer thickness, and the forming device performs powder spreading. Then, the The first laser beam then performs contour scanning processing.
  • the first laser beam 11 performs scanning processing on the contour of the part to be formed. After the current layer is scanned, the forming cylinder is lowered by a layer thickness before spreading powder directly, and the first laser beam 11 performs Contour scan.
  • step (2) After scanning and processing the contour of the predetermined number of layers, the second laser beam performs a one-time filling scan of the powder inside the contour to form a solid.
  • the second laser beam 12 performs a one-time filling scan of the powder inside the contour To form an entity.
  • the low-power first laser beam 11 scans the profile to ensure the forming accuracy and surface quality
  • the high-power second laser beam 12 scans the filling body at intervals of several layers, which greatly improves the forming efficiency.
  • the additive manufacturing method provided by the third embodiment of the present invention mainly includes the following steps:
  • the device includes a laser and a split-light scanning component disposed oppositely.
  • the laser emits a beam of laser light to the split-light scanning component, and the split-light scanning component divides the laser into two beams with different energies.
  • the laser beams are respectively a first laser beam and a second laser beam, and the power of the first laser beam is less than the power of the second laser beam.
  • the additive manufacturing device includes a laser and a second spectroscopic scanning component 21 that are arranged oppositely, and a forming cylinder and a forming platform.
  • the forming cylinder is connected to the forming platform and is located below the forming platform.
  • the second spectroscopic scanning component 21 includes a spectroscopic element and two sets of scanning systems.
  • the laser is used to emit a laser beam 1, and the laser beam 1 enters the beam splitter, and the beam splitter divides the received laser beam into two laser beams with different energies, and the obtained two laser beams are respectively After passing through the two scanning systems, it is emitted from the light exit, thereby obtaining a first laser beam 11 and a second laser beam 12.
  • the first laser beam 11 is a low-power small-spot laser beam
  • the second laser beam 12 It is a high-power large-spot laser beam, and the power of the first laser beam 11 is less than the power of the second laser beam 12.
  • the light splitting element is a prism or a half mirror.
  • the first laser beam first preheats the powder on the device, and then the second laser beam melts and shapes the preheated powder. After the current layer is completed, the device After the forming cylinder is lowered by one layer thickness, the device spreads powder, and the first laser beam and the second laser beam again preheat the powder and scan the solid parts in sequence.
  • the first laser beam 11 is used to preheat the powder
  • the second laser beam 12 is used to scan a solid part to increase the temperature of the powder.
  • the first laser beam 11 first preheats the powder in the forming surface 31, and the second laser beam 12 melts and shapes the preheated powder.
  • the simultaneous scanning of preheating and solid filling is realized, the microstructure of the part is improved, and the forming quality and mechanical properties are improved.
  • the material of the powder includes metal materials such as titanium alloy, high temperature alloy, iron-based alloy, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, and copper alloy.
  • step S2 is repeated until the integral forming of the entire part to be formed is completed.
  • a single beam of high-power laser input is used to perform uneven light splitting through a device such as a prism or a half mirror to obtain two laser beams with different energies (high power and high power).
  • Spot laser beam, low-power small-spot laser beam each laser beam is equipped with a corresponding galvanometer scanning system, where high-power large-spot laser beams are used to fill entities, and low-power small-spot laser beams are used to scan contours.
  • the low-power laser beam scans layer by layer, and the high-power laser beam is spaced n layers at one time to scan the powder inside the contour to complete the filling.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication additive comprenant les étapes suivantes consistant à : (1) utiliser un dispositif de fabrication additive, le dispositif comprenant un laser et un composant de balayage de division de faisceau disposé de manière opposée, le laser émettant un faisceau laser (1) vers le composant de balayage de division de faisceau, le composant de balayage de division de faisceau divisant le faisceau laser (1) en deux faisceaux laser, c'est-à-dire en un premier faisceau laser (11) et un second faisceau laser (12), affichant une énergie différente, et la puissance du premier faisceau laser (11) étant inférieure à celle du second faisceau laser (12); et (2) préchauffer, au moyen du premier faisceau laser (11), de la poudre sur un dispositif ou balayer le contour d'une pièce à former, et faire fondre, au moyen du second faisceau laser (12), la poudre préchauffée par balayage de formation ou faire fondre la poudre à l'intérieur du contour par balayage de formation de façon à achever le traitement de la pièce à former.
PCT/CN2020/116830 2019-09-23 2020-09-22 Procédé de fabrication additive WO2021057725A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910900115.9A CN110560688A (zh) 2019-09-23 2019-09-23 一种增材制造方法
CN201910900115.9 2019-09-23

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CN110560688A (zh) * 2019-09-23 2019-12-13 华中科技大学 一种增材制造方法
CN112024875B (zh) * 2020-08-18 2021-05-07 清华大学 一种粉末床同步加热熔化增材制造方法
CN112388107A (zh) * 2020-11-11 2021-02-23 福州大学 一种增材制造成形几何在线监控与校正方法
CN114951690B (zh) * 2021-02-22 2024-02-27 广东汉邦激光科技有限公司 三维模型的成型方法和三维成型设备
CN114131042A (zh) * 2021-11-02 2022-03-04 西安航天发动机有限公司 一种夹层流道结构件制备方法及装置
CN114131049B (zh) * 2021-12-21 2023-10-10 宜宾上交大新材料研究中心 一种铜及铜合金的增材制造方法
CN114770933A (zh) * 2022-04-21 2022-07-22 深圳市华阳新材料科技有限公司 一种复合式3d打印扫描方法

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