WO2021057552A1 - 一种设有磁化器的鱼类养殖装置与加快鱼类正常繁殖和生长速度的方法 - Google Patents

一种设有磁化器的鱼类养殖装置与加快鱼类正常繁殖和生长速度的方法 Download PDF

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WO2021057552A1
WO2021057552A1 PCT/CN2020/115347 CN2020115347W WO2021057552A1 WO 2021057552 A1 WO2021057552 A1 WO 2021057552A1 CN 2020115347 W CN2020115347 W CN 2020115347W WO 2021057552 A1 WO2021057552 A1 WO 2021057552A1
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water
fish
magnetizer
area
feeding
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PCT/CN2020/115347
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张列宇
黎佳茜
李晓光
李国文
李伟
李曹乐
赵琛
车璐璐
祝秋恒
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中国环境科学研究院
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Priority to US17/280,859 priority Critical patent/US20210386039A1/en
Publication of WO2021057552A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021057552A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/80—Feeding devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/90—Sorting, grading, counting or marking live aquatic animals, e.g. sex determination
    • A01K61/95—Sorting, grading, counting or marking live aquatic animals, e.g. sex determination specially adapted for fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • A01K63/047—Liquid pumps for aquaria
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/48—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
    • C02F1/484—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields using electromagnets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a fish breeding device provided with a magnetizer and a method for accelerating the normal reproduction and growth of fish.
  • Magnetization of water is a process of water scale inhibition by using the magnetic field effect to treat water.
  • the magnetic field lines are cut off, and the water can be magnetized.
  • the embryonic development speed in magnetized water gradually accelerates compared with ordinary water, until the membrane emergence stage is advanced by one developmental stage, about two hours before the membrane emergence. , And the film in the magnetized water is neat, and the film in ordinary water is not neat, and there is a phenomenon that the film is broken before the film is developed.
  • the average hatching rate of magnetized water is 90.67%, the average hatching rate of ordinary water is 84.66%, and the average hatching rate of magnetized water is 6% higher than that of ordinary water.
  • water contains many ions. After the water is treated with a magnetic field, it will significantly affect the hydration of the ions, which will increase the negative hydration of the corresponding ions and decrease the positive hydration, which will increase the number of more active single free water molecules, leading to The activity of water increases, and the viscosity, density, and osmotic pressure of water increase. And because the osmotic pressure of the magnetized water increases, the diameter of the fish eggs is smaller than that of ordinary water.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fish breeding device provided with a magnetizer and a method for accelerating the normal reproduction and growth of fish.
  • the present invention provides a fish farming device provided with a magnetizer, the fish farming device comprising: a box, a controllable partition, an extraction pump, and a magnetizer;
  • the controllable baffle is arranged inside the box body to partition the internal space of the box body to form a eating area and a non-eating area;
  • An extraction pump is provided above the controllable baffle for exchanging water in the eating area and the non-eating area;
  • the magnetizer is arranged on the outer wall of the box corresponding to the eating area, and is used to magnetize the water in the eating area.
  • the magnetizer is preferably an electromagnetic magnetizer, which can use a pulsed magnetic field to magnetize the feeding area, especially the precipitation area after the bait is deposited.
  • the height of the precipitation zone is generally 1/5 to 1/4 of the feeding zone.
  • the magnetizer is preferably arranged on the outer wall of the box in the sedimentation zone (1/5 to 1/4 of the lower part of the feeding zone).
  • the fish farming device further includes: a water inlet system, a water outlet system, and an online water quality monitoring device installed in the tank, and the device is set in the non-feeding area.
  • the present invention provides a method for accelerating the normal reproduction and growth rate of fish by using the aforementioned fish breeding device, the method comprising:
  • magnetized water to incubate the fertilized eggs of the fish; after the eggs are fertilized, place the fertilized eggs in the magnetized water for incubation;
  • magnetized water can be used to absorb water to expand the egg membrane after artificial insemination, and the expanded fertilized egg can be incubated in the magnetized water;
  • the magnetized water is water that has been treated with a magnetic field strength of 700-1000 mT;
  • controllable partition is open, and the fish move freely in the box
  • magnetized water can increase the dissolved oxygen concentration to 5-6mg/L, increase the osmotic pressure by 1.34 times, increase the transparency by more than 20%, and increase the pH by 0.4-1.0.
  • the invention adopts weakly magnetized water to grow fish, which can improve the water quality of the tank body, extend the time for changing the water in the tank body, and at the same time, due to the physiological effect of the magnetized water, accelerate the normal growth and reproduction speed of fish.
  • the frequency of feeding bait is 2 times/day, that is, eating twice a day, and the single feeding rate is 4%.
  • the bait feeding rate refers to the percentage of bait feeding to the total weight of aquaculture animals.
  • the magnetic field provided by the magnetizer is a pulsed magnetic field.
  • the pulsed magnetic field is a magnetic field whose size and direction change with time, and its frequency, waveform and peak value can be adjusted as needed. Pulsed magnetic field has different effects on enzyme activity under different intensity, time and frequency. Studies have shown that under the action of a weak magnetic field (1500mT), the activity of catalase can increase by about 25%, the activity of ⁇ -amylase by about 35%, and the activity of urease by about 15%.
  • the magnetic field affects the activity of the transition metal atom (ion) contained in the enzyme, such as Co, Fe, Mn, Cu, Mo, etc., which does not fill the electron shell.
  • the existing research results have proved that the magnetic field treatment will change the viscosity, surface tension, conductivity and other physical and chemical properties of the aqueous solution. Therefore, it will also change the length and strength of the hydrogen bond in the water by affecting the structure of the water molecule, which will affect the conformation of the enzyme. Make an impact.
  • the increase in the activity of these enzymes can improve fish metabolism and promote growth and reproduction.
  • the increase of water activity can change the activity of enzymes on the animal body. It enhances the activity of hatching enzymes in the development of fish embryos, thereby promoting physiological functions such as metabolism and material conversion, and speeding up embryo development.
  • This effect is not obvious when the fertilized egg reaches the closed development stage of the blastopore, because it is only a simple process of cell increase, so it has little effect.
  • the embryonic development has undergone qualitative changes. When it enters the stage of organogenesis and tissue differentiation, the effect of hatching enzymes becomes greater and greater, and the effect is obvious. It gathers in places with strong magnetic force, which increases the dissolved oxygen in the pond water and promotes the development of fish embryos.
  • the magnetized water produces strong oxidative free radical oxidation, which has a better treatment effect on COD and BOD, can remove suspended solids, can improve the water quality of the tank, and reduce the impact of bait on water quality.
  • the fish farming device is equipped with an online water quality monitoring device.
  • an online water quality monitoring device When it is monitored that the dissolved oxygen concentration of the water body is lower than 3 mg/L and/or the pH is higher than 9.0, the fish farming water needs to be replaced.
  • the ratio of the eating area to the non-eating area may be 1:5-1:3.
  • the raw materials involved in the present invention are all common commercially available products, and the operations involved are routine operations in the field unless otherwise specified.
  • the invention provides a device and method for accelerating the normal reproduction and growth of fish, that is, fish eggs are processed and hatched through magnetized water, and an adjustable magnetic field is used to act on the developing fish, so that the fish can reproduce and grow normally. Without the occurrence of embryonic development delay, stagnation, deformity and other problems, at the same time, it can realize the purification of pollutants generated during the eating process, and improve the utilization rate of feed during the breeding process.
  • the invention adopts intermittent magnetization, which saves the consumption of electric energy.
  • the application of the extraction pump improves the utilization rate of the feed in the breeding process.
  • the method can promote the normal growth and development of fish, and can control cabinet pollution at the same time.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fish breeding device provided with a magnetizer according to the present invention.
  • the fish farming device includes: a box body 1, a controllable partition 2, an extraction pump 3, and a magnetizer 4 , Water inlet system 7, water outlet system 8, water quality online monitoring device 9.
  • the controllable baffle 2 is arranged inside the box body 1 to partition the internal space of the box body 1 to form a eating area 5 and a non-eating area 6.
  • the sedimentation zone 10 is an area where the bait settles after feeding, and its height is generally 1/5 to 1/4 of the feeding zone 5.
  • the magnetizer 4 is an electromagnetic magnetizer, which is arranged on the outer wall of the box of the sedimentation zone 10 (the lower part of the feeding zone 1/5 to 1/4), and is used to treat the water in the eating zone 5, especially the sedimentation zone. 10 water bodies are magnetized with pulsed magnetic field.
  • Two extraction pumps 3 are provided above the controllable baffle plate 2 to exchange the water in the eating area 5 and the non-eating area 6 in opposite directions.
  • the fish farming device provided with a magnetizer described in Example 1 is used to simulate the use of the method of the present invention for grass carp farming in the laboratory.
  • Two boxes with a length of 200 cm, a width of 100 cm, and a height of 100 cm are respectively provided with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe with a diameter of 100 mm.
  • An electromagnetic magnetizer with a magnetic field strength of 500-1000mT was set outside the precipitation zone of the experimental group, and the control group was not provided with a magnetic field, and other conditions were the same.
  • the pH value of the water used for fish farming was 8.0, molecular ammonia ⁇ 0.02mg/l, dissolved oxygen concentration 4mg/L, temperature 18°C, feeding frequency 2 Times/day, the feeding rate is 4%, and the water quality online monitoring device is installed in the tank.
  • the dissolved oxygen concentration of the water quality is lower than 3mg/L and the pH is higher than 9.0, the fish farming water needs to be replaced.
  • the experimental group opened the magnetization reactor when the fish were feeding until the controllable partition was closed.
  • the magnetization time was about 60min
  • the intermittent magnetization period was 12h
  • the results of the experiment were as follows: the weight of grass carp in the experimental group increased by 5% compared with the control group, reaching an average of 300g/carp, and the experimental group had fewer water changes than the control group by 3 times, approximately every 9-10 days.
  • One part of the egg membrane absorbs magnetized water (magnetic field strength of 700-1000mT, flow rate of 20 ml/min) and expands. A portion of the egg membrane is swollen by sucking ordinary fish water (slightly alkaline (pH8.0), hardness 6, transparency about 30 cm, dissolved oxygen 4 mg/L), and put the two kinds of fertilized eggs into magnetized water or ordinary In the fish-breeding water container, hatch in a laboratory dish with a diameter of 9 cm.
  • One group is fertilized eggs treated with ordinary water, and the other group is fertilized eggs treated with magnetized water.
  • Each group is divided into 2 groups. Each group puts 60 fertilized eggs, and each petri dish puts 30 eggs, and puts 40 ml of magnetized water or tap water for incubation. Observe the entire embryonic development period from the beginning of the fertilized egg to the formation of the ventricle, select three of these stages: middle gastrectomy, hatching period and ventricular formation period, and count the fertilization rate (specifically, the development of the fertilized egg to the The fertilization rate in the mid-gastric intestine), hatching rate and malformation rate were the average of the three batches of the experiment.
  • a fish farming device equipped with a magnetizer is used to simulate grass carp farming using the method of the present invention in a laboratory.
  • One set of devices uses a pulsed magnetic field and the other uses a stable magnetic field.
  • Three boxes with a length of 200cm, a width of 100cm, and a height of 100cm are respectively provided with water inlet and outlet pipes with a diameter of 100mm.
  • a pulsed magnetic field with a magnetic field intensity of 500-1000mT and a steady magnetic field with a magnetic field strength of 700mT were set outside the precipitation area of the experimental group.
  • the control group was not provided with a magnetic field, and other conditions were the same.
  • the pH value of the water used for fish farming was 8.0, molecular ammonia ⁇ 0.02mg/l, dissolved oxygen concentration 4mg/L, temperature 18°C, feeding frequency 2 Times/day, the feeding rate is 4%, and the water quality online monitoring device is installed in the tank.
  • the dissolved oxygen concentration of the water quality is lower than 3mg/L and the pH is higher than 9.0, the fish farming water needs to be replaced.
  • the magnetization reactor is turned on when the fish is feeding until the controllable partition is closed.
  • the magnetization time is about 60min
  • the intermittent magnetization period is 12h, and it runs continuously for 5 months.
  • the results of the experiment were as follows: the weight of the grass carp of the experimental group I (pulsed magnetic field) increased by 7% compared with the control group, reaching an average of 380g/piece, and the weight of the experimental group II (stable magnetic field) grass carp increased by 4% compared with the control group, reaching an average of 370g/piece. Compared with the control group, the experimental group changed water 8 times less.
  • the present disclosure processes and hatches fish eggs through magnetized water, and uses an adjustable magnetic field to act on the developing fish, so that the fish can reproduce and grow normally without the problems of embryonic development delay, stagnation, deformity, etc., and can realize eating at the same time
  • the purification of pollutants produced in the process improves the utilization rate of feed put in the breeding process, and has strong industrial practicability.

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Abstract

一种设有磁化器(4)的鱼类养殖装置，包括：箱体(1)、可控隔板(2)、抽提泵(3)和磁化器(4)；所述可控隔板(2)设置于箱体(1)内部，用于对箱体(1)内部空间进行隔断，形成进食区(5)与非进食区(6)；所述可控隔板(2)的上方设有抽提泵(3)，用于对进食区(5)与非进食区(6)的水体进行交换；所述磁化器(4)设于对应所述进食区(5)的箱体(1)外壁上，用于对进食区(5)的水体进行磁化处理。利用所述鱼类养殖装置加快鱼类正常繁殖和生长速度的方法，通过磁化水对鱼卵进行孵化，并利用可调磁场作用于发育中的鱼类，使鱼类正常繁殖和生长而不发生胚胎发育迟缓、停滞、畸形等问题，同时可实现进食过程中产生的污染物净化，利用抽提泵(3)提高了养殖过程中投放饲料的利用率，采用间歇式磁化，节省了电能的消耗。

Description

一种设有磁化器的鱼类养殖装置与加快鱼类正常繁殖和生长速度的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及水产养殖技术领域，具体地说，涉及一种设有磁化器的鱼类养殖装置与加快鱼类正常繁殖和生长速度的方法。
背景技术
水的磁化处理是利用磁场效应对水的处理作用进行水的缓垢处理过程。当水通过两块永久磁铁的NS极间间隙，切断磁场磁力线，水即可得到磁化处理。
现有技术中，曾出现过针对海水进行磁化处理改善水质、增加了水体中溶解氧的含量，促进鱼卵发育孵化的技术方案。姜景田等人2002年在东港市前阳鱼种场进行了磁化水对草鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼胚胎发育影响的试验，磁场强度为1500奥，结果表明在胚胎发育时期，从受精卵到胚孔封闭期这一阶段，磁化水与普通水无明显差别，当体节出现期以后，磁化水中的胚胎发育速度较普通水逐渐加快，直到出膜期提前一个发育期，大约提前两个小时出膜，且磁化水中膜整齐，普通水中出膜不整齐，有未发育到出膜期就提前破膜的现象。磁化水的平均孵化率为90.67％，普通水的平均孵化率为84.66％，磁化水较普通水平均提高了6％。
然而，针对磁化水对鱼类胚胎发育的影响，目前尚未见到相关的研究与报道。
发明人通过长期研究发现，由于空气的主要成分氮和氧所受的磁场作用不同，氮是抗磁物(被磁力排斥、离磁场而去)，氧是顺磁物。水经过磁场处理后，改变水的结构和存在于水中杂质的形态就可以调整水的物理和化学性质，对动物体产生生物效应。水的结构是以“闪 动簇团”模型构成的，即是一种“闪动簇团”在“自由”水中游动所构成的。在普通水中“自由”水较少，水经磁化后，可使某些“簇团”变成较多的“自由”水，这种“自由”水具有较强的生物活性。
另外，水中含有许多离子，水经过磁场处理后，将显著影响离子的水合，使相应离子的负水合作用增加、正水合作用减少，进而使得更为活泼的单个游离水分子数目增多，导致水的活性增加，水的粘度、密度、渗透压增大。且由于磁化水的渗透压增大，使鱼卵的直径比普通水小。
但是，磁化强度过高也可导致鱼的活性基因发生变化，引起代谢机制的改变；对鱼类胚胎内带电离子的作用过大，会影响鱼类胚胎发育过程中酶的活性，改变细胞膜的通透性，使鱼的胚胎发育迟缓、停滞或出现畸形。在磁场与动物生长和动物胚胎发育的关系方面，对多种动物进行了试验研究，如海胆卵在10000～140000奥的超导强磁场中，2小时后早期***显著延迟，果蝇经3000～4000奥的磁场处理后，其畸变率在下一代中就增加。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在的技术问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种设有磁化器的鱼类养殖装置与加快鱼类正常繁殖和生长速度的方法。
为了实现本发明目的，本发明的技术方案如下：
第一方面，本发明提供一种设有磁化器的鱼类养殖装置，所述鱼类养殖装置包括：箱体、可控隔板、抽提泵和磁化器；
所述可控挡板设置于箱体内部，用于对箱体内部空间进行隔断，形成进食区与非进食区；
所述可控挡板的上方设有抽提泵，用于对进食区与非进食区的水体进行交换；
所述磁化器设于对应所述进食区的箱体外壁上，用于对进食区的水体进行磁化处理。
其中，所述抽提泵为两个，用于对进食区与非进食区的水体进行对向交换。
所述磁化器优选为电磁式磁化器，可对进食区、尤其是对饵料沉淀后的沉淀区采用脉冲磁场进行磁化。
所述沉淀区的高度一般为进食区的1/5-1/4。
故所述磁化器优选设置于所述沉淀区(进食区下部1/5-1/4处)的箱体外壁上。
进一步地，所述鱼类养殖装置还包括：进水***、出水***、以及安装在箱体内的水质在线监测装置，该装置设置于非进食区。
第二方面，本发明提供了利用前述鱼类养殖装置加快鱼类正常繁殖和生长速度的方法，所述方法包括：
(1)受精卵的孵化：
采用磁化水对鱼的受精卵进行孵化；鱼卵受精后，将受精卵置于磁化水中进行孵化；
进一步地，当采用人工授精(例如人工干法授精)时，还可在人工授精后利用磁化水使卵膜吸水膨胀，并将膨胀后的受精卵置于磁化水中进行孵化；
所述磁化水为经700-1000mT磁场强度处理后的水；
(2)鱼苗的养殖：
在非进食时间：可控隔板为打开状态，鱼类于箱体中自由活动；
在进食时间，按如下操作进行：
S1、向可控挡板一侧的进食区投加饵料，待鱼进入进食区后，将可控挡板关闭，封闭进食区，同时开启磁化器对进食区进行磁化，磁化强度为500-1500mT；
S2、待饵料沉淀后，利用抽提泵将进食区上部的水体抽提至非进食区，留存部分可供鱼活动的水量；
S3、再利用抽提泵将非进食区的部分水体抽提至进食区，使进食 区中沉淀的饵料重悬，并调整磁化器的磁化强度为50-500mT；
S4、待饵料再次沉淀后，将沉有饵料的水体排出箱体；
S5、关闭磁化器，打开可控挡板，使鱼可在箱体中自由活动。
在鱼类的繁殖季节，可在上述磁场强度范围内采用较大的磁场强度。研究表明，磁化水可提高溶解氧浓度至5-6mg/L，使渗透压提升1.34倍、透明度提升20％以上、pH上升0.4-1.0。本发明采用弱磁化水养鱼，可改善箱体水质，延长箱体换水时间，同时由于磁化水的生理作用，加快鱼类的正常生长和繁殖速度。
作为优选，投加饵料的频率为2次/天，即每天进食两次，单次投饵率为4％。
所述投饵率指投饵量占养殖水产动物总体重的百分率。
作为优选，所述磁化器提供的磁场为脉冲磁场。
脉冲磁场是大小和方向都随着时间变化的磁场，其频率、波形和峰值等均可根据需要调节。脉冲磁场在不同强度、时间和频率下对酶活性产生不同的影响。研究表明，在弱磁场(1500mT)的作用下，过氧化氢酶的活性可增大25％左右，α-淀粉酶的活性增大35％左右，脲酶的活性大约增大15％左右。磁场会通过对酶中含有的Co、Fe、Mn、Cu、Mo等未填满电子壳层的过渡族金属原(离)子的作用影响其活性。同时已有的研究结果证明，磁场处理会改变水溶液的粘度、表面张力、电导率等物理化学性质，因此也会通过影响水分子的结构，改变水中氢键的长度和强度，而对酶的构象产生影响。这些酶活性的增加可提高鱼类代谢能力，促进生长繁殖。
在繁殖季节，水活性增加作用到动物体上可改变酶的活性。在鱼胚胎发育上增强了孵化酶的活性，从而促进新陈代谢、物质转换等生理功能，加快胚胎发育速度。此效应在受精卵到胚孔封闭发育阶段时，因只是简单的细胞增加过程作用不明显，所以影响不大。随着***数量的增加，胚胎发育发生了质的变化，进入到器官发生和组织分化 阶段时，孵化酶作用愈来愈大，该效应就明显表现出来。磁力强的地方聚集，从而增加了池水溶氧，促进了鱼胚胎发育。
此外，磁化水由于产生强氧化性自由基氧化，对COD和BOD具有较好的处理效果，可去除悬浮物，可改善箱体水质，减少饵料对水质的影响。
进一步地，所述鱼类养殖装置内设有水质在线监测装置，当监测到水体溶解氧浓度低于3mg/L，和/或pH高于9.0时，需更换养鱼水。
所述养鱼水优选为pH＝8，分子氨≤0.02mg/L，溶解氧浓度为4mg/L，温度为18℃的水体。
进一步地，所述进食区与非进食区的比例可选为1:5-1:3。
本发明涉及到的原料均为普通市售产品，涉及到的操作如无特殊说明均为本领域常规操作。
在符合本领域常识的基础上，上述各优选条件，可以相互组合，得到具体实施方式。
本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明提供了一种加速鱼类正常繁殖和生长的装置和方法，即通过磁化水对鱼卵进行处理与孵化，并利用可调磁场作用于发育中的鱼类，使鱼类正常繁殖和生长而不发生胚胎发育迟缓、停滞、畸形等问题，同时可实现进食过程中产生的污染物净化，提高了养殖过程中投放饲料的利用率。
本发明采用间歇式磁化，节省了电能的消耗，其中抽提泵的应用，提高了养殖过程中投放饲料的利用率。所述方法即可促进鱼类正常生长发育，同时可控制箱体污染。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述设有磁化器的鱼类养殖装置的结构示意图。
图中：1：箱体，2：可控挡板，3：抽提泵，4：磁化器，5：进食区，6：非进食区，7：进水***，8：出水***，9：水质在线监测装 置，10：沉淀区。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的优选实施方式进行详细说明。需要理解的是以下实施例的给出仅是为了起到说明的目的，并不是用于对本发明的范围进行限制。本领域的技术人员在不背离本发明的宗旨和精神的情况下，可以对本发明进行各种修改和替换。
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明，均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1
本实施例用于说明一种设有磁化器的鱼类养殖装置，所述鱼类养殖装置如图1所示，包括：箱体1、可控隔板2、抽提泵3、磁化器4、进水***7，出水***8、水质在线监测装置9。
所述可控挡板2设置于箱体1内部，用于对箱体1的内部空间进行隔断，形成进食区5与非进食区6。
所述沉淀区10为投饵后饵料沉淀的区域，其高度一般为进食区5的1/5-1/4。所述磁化器4为电磁式磁化器，设置于所述沉淀区10(进食区下部1/5-1/4处)的箱体外壁上，用于对进食区5的水体，尤其是沉淀区10的水体采用脉冲磁场进行磁化处理。
所述可控挡板2的上方设有两个抽提泵3，用于对进食区5与非进食区6的水体进行对向交换。
实施例2
利用实施例1所述的设有磁化器的鱼类养殖装置，在实验室内模拟利用本发明所述方法进行草鱼养殖。
实验材料：
两个长200cm、宽100cm、高100cm箱体(分别为实验组和对照组)，箱体左侧和右侧分别设置直径为100mm的进水管和出水管。
实验组的沉淀区外设置磁场强度为500-1000mT的电磁式磁化器，对照组不设有磁场，其他条件相同。
箱体中分别养殖20条草鱼(约250g/条)，养鱼所采用的水pH值为8.0，分子氨≤0.02mg/l，溶解氧的浓度4mg/L，温度18℃，投饵频率2次/天，投饵率为4％，箱体中安装水质在线监测装置，当水质溶解氧的浓度低于3mg/L，pH高于9.0时，需更换养鱼水。
实验组在鱼类进食时开启磁化反应器直至喂食完毕可控隔板关闭，磁化时间约60min，间歇磁化周期为12h，连续运行2个月。
实验结果为：实验组草鱼体重较对照组增加5％，平均可达到300g/条，且实验组比对照组减少换水3次，约每9-10天换一次水。
实施例3
取健康草鱼鱼卵，用干法人工授精，将同一尾鱼的受精卵均分为两份，一份卵膜吸磁化水(磁场强度为700-1000mT，流量为20毫升/分钟)膨胀，另一份卵膜吸普通养鱼水(微碱性(pH8.0)、硬度6、透明度30厘米左右、溶氧4毫克/升)膨胀，将两种受精卵分别放入盛有磁化水或普通养鱼水的容器中，在实验室直径9厘米的培养皿中孵化，一组为普通水处理的受精卵，另一组为磁化水处理的受精卵。
每大组再分为2个小组，每小组放受精卵60粒，每个培养皿内放30粒，分别放入40毫升磁化水或自来水进行孵化。观察从受精卵开始直到缥室形成期的整个胚胎发育期，选定其中的三个阶段：原肠中期，脱膜孵出期和缥室形成期，分别统计受精率(特指受精卵发育至原肠中期时的受精率)、孵化率和畸形率，实验三批取均值。
实验结果统计
Figure PCTCN2020115347-appb-000001
由此可见，使用磁化水对鱼卵进行孵化处理，相比普通水更有利于受精卵进行正常的细胞***并发育至原肠中期，且孵化率更高，出苗后畸形率更低。
实施例4
利用设有磁化器的鱼类养殖装置，在实验室内模拟利用本发明所述方法进行草鱼养殖，其中一组装置使用脉冲磁场，另一组使用稳磁场。
实验材料：
三个长200cm、宽100cm、高100cm箱体(分别为实验组和对照组)，箱体左侧和右侧分别设置直径为100mm的进水管和出水管。
实验组的沉淀区外分别设置磁场强度为500-1000mT的脉冲磁场和700mT的稳磁场，对照组不设有磁场，其他条件相同。
箱体中分别养殖20条草鱼(约250g/条)，养鱼所采用的水pH值为8.0，分子氨≤0.02mg/l，溶解氧的浓度4mg/L，温度18℃，投饵频率2次/天，投饵率为4％，箱体中安装水质在线监测装置，当水质溶解氧的浓度低于3mg/L，pH高于9.0时，需更换养鱼水。
实验组(Ⅰ为脉冲磁场、Ⅱ为稳磁场)在鱼类进食时开启磁化反应器直至喂食完毕可控隔板关闭，磁化时间约60min，间歇磁化周期为12h，连续运行5个月。
实验结果为：实验组Ⅰ(脉冲磁场)草鱼体重较对照组增加7％，平均可达到380g/条，实验组Ⅱ(稳磁场)草鱼体重较对照组增加4％，平均可达到370g/条，实验组比对照组减少换水8次。
虽然，上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述，但在本发明基础上，可以对之作一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
工业实用性
本公开通过磁化水对鱼卵进行处理与孵化，并利用可调磁场作用于发育中的鱼类，使鱼类正常繁殖和生长而不发生胚胎发育迟缓、停滞、畸形等问题，同时可实现进食过程中产生的污染物净化，提高了养殖过程中投放饲料的利用率，具有很强的工业实用性。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种设有磁化器的鱼类养殖装置，其特征在于，所述鱼类养殖装置包括：箱体、可控隔板、抽提泵和磁化器；
    所述可控挡板设置于箱体内部，用于对箱体内部空间进行隔断，形成进食区与非进食区；
    所述可控挡板的上方设有抽提泵，用于对进食区与非进食区的水体进行交换；
    所述磁化器设于对应所述进食区的箱体外壁上，用于对进食区的水体进行磁化处理。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的鱼类养殖装置，其特征在于，所述抽提泵为两个，用于对进食区与非进食区的水体进行对向交换。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的鱼类养殖装置，其特征在于，所述磁化器为电磁式磁化器。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的鱼类养殖装置，其特征在于，所述鱼类养殖装置还包括：进水***、出水***、以及安装在箱体内的水质在线监测装置。
  5. 利用权利要求1-4任一项所述鱼类养殖装置加快鱼类正常繁殖和生长速度的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    (1)受精卵的孵化：
    采用磁化水对鱼的受精卵进行孵化处理：
    所述磁化水为经700-1000mT磁场强度处理后的水；
    (2)鱼苗的养殖：
    非进食时间：可控隔板为打开状态，鱼类于箱体中自由活动；
    进食时间：
    S1、向可控挡板一侧的进食区投加饵料，待鱼进入进食区后，将可控挡板关闭，封闭进食区，同时开启磁化器对进食区进行磁化，磁化强度为500-1500mT；
    S2、待饵料沉淀后，利用抽提泵将进食区上部的水体抽提至非进食区，留存部分可供鱼活动的水量；
    S3、再利用抽提泵将非进食区的部分水体抽提至进食区，使进食区中沉淀的饵料重悬，并调整磁化器的磁化强度为50-500mT；
    S4、待饵料再次沉淀后，将沉有饵料的水体排出箱体；
    S5、关闭磁化器，打开可控挡板，使鱼可在箱体中自由活动。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，投加饵料的频率为2次/天，即每天进食两次。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，单次投饵率为4％。
  8. 根据权利要求5-7任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述磁化器提供的磁场为脉冲磁场。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述鱼类养殖装置内设有水质在线监测装置，当监测到水体溶解氧浓度低于3mg/L，和/或pH高于9.0时，需更换养鱼水。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述养鱼水为pH＝8，分子氨≤0.02mg/L，溶解氧浓度为4mg/L，温度为18℃的水体。
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