WO2021056693A1 - 一种连续循环铺粉结构及增材制造成形设备 - Google Patents

一种连续循环铺粉结构及增材制造成形设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021056693A1
WO2021056693A1 PCT/CN2019/115794 CN2019115794W WO2021056693A1 WO 2021056693 A1 WO2021056693 A1 WO 2021056693A1 CN 2019115794 W CN2019115794 W CN 2019115794W WO 2021056693 A1 WO2021056693 A1 WO 2021056693A1
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Prior art keywords
powder
powder spreading
scraper
printing
platen
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PCT/CN2019/115794
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
卢秉恒
陈祯
邹亚桐
张树哲
赵纪元
韦继翀
刘亮
魏培
Original Assignee
西安增材制造国家研究院有限公司
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Publication of WO2021056693A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021056693A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/49—Scanners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing equipment, and in particular relates to a continuous circulating powder spreading structure and additive manufacturing forming equipment.
  • Additive manufacturing technology integrates multidisciplinary technologies such as new materials, information and manufacturing, and is known as a representative technology that is expected to produce the "third industrial revolution", and is the leading technology for the development of mass manufacturing models to personalized manufacturing models.
  • metal additive manufacturing technology is an important development direction of advanced manufacturing technology. It is suitable for near-net forming of complex components.
  • the formed parts manufactured by additive manufacturing technology have excellent mechanical properties, are suitable for rapid forming of various materials, and have high material utilization.
  • SLM Selective Laser Melting
  • the technology has been widely used in aerospace, medical, mold, automotive and other fields, and is considered to be one of the fastest growing and most promising metal additive manufacturing technologies in recent years.
  • the additive manufacturing equipment adopts the method of intermittent powder spreading and forming on the whole width. Due to the interference caused by the simultaneous spreading and scanning, the powder spreading process and the scanning and printing process cannot be carried out at the same time, and the powder spreading coverage is much larger than the forming area. , The powder spreading time is long and the material utilization rate is low, which seriously affects the forming efficiency of the parts.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a continuous circulating powder spreading structure and additive manufacturing forming equipment to overcome the defects that the existing equipment can not perform powder spreading and scanning, and realize the simultaneous powder spreading and scanning in the SLM forming process, that is, simultaneous powder spreading. High-efficiency printing process of edge scanning.
  • a continuous circulating powder spreading structure which includes a powder spreading blade, a gear bearing and a platen. Both the gear bearing and the platen are provided with a formed through hole.
  • the gear bearing includes an outer ring and an outer ring nested in the outer ring and capable of rotating relative to the outer ring.
  • the inner ring and the inner ring are fixed on the upper end of the platen, the powder spreading blade is fixed on the upper end of the outer ring, the outer ring is provided with transmission teeth in the circumferential direction, the lower end of the plate forming through hole is provided with a printing substrate for forming parts, and the powder spreading blade is provided with a buffer at the upper end
  • the powder silo, the buffer powder silo is equipped with a deflector arranged obliquely along the length of the powder spreading scraper.
  • deflecting holes there are a plurality of deflecting holes on the deflector, the lower end of the deflector is provided with a deflector, and the upper end of the deflector is The inclined surface is arranged along the width direction of the powder spreading scraper, and the lower end of the powder spreading scraper is provided with a powder spreading groove at the lower end of the inclined surface of the guide block, and the powder spreading groove is arranged along the length direction of the powder spreading scraper.
  • the powder spreading scraper is arranged along the diameter of the outer ring, and the center point of the powder spreading scraper coincides with the center of the outer ring.
  • Two symmetrically arranged two deflectors are provided in the buffer powder bin at the upper end of the powder spreading scraper. The near end of the plate is lower than the other end of the two baffles.
  • the powder spreading scraper is fixed on the outer ring through a scraper bracket, and the scraper support is provided with a connection through hole fixedly connected to the outer ring by countersunk bolts, and the scraper support and the powder spreading scraper are connected or welded by bolts.
  • a scraper body is fixed at the lower end of the powder spreading scraper through a scraper clamping plate.
  • the powder feeding device includes a powder bin and a powder feeding box body arranged at the lower end of the powder bin.
  • the powder feeding box is provided with a powder feeding roller.
  • the powder feeding roller is driven by the powder feeding motor.
  • the powder feeding box body is provided with a powder feeding trough, the lower end of the powder feeding box body is provided with a funnel for drainage, the funnel inlet is connected with the powder feeding box body outlet, and the funnel outlet is located at the upper end of the powder spreading scraper.
  • An additive manufacturing forming device based on a continuous circulating powder spreading structure including a Z-axis transmission assembly, a gas circulating dust removal structure and an optical path scanning structure,
  • the Z-axis transmission assembly includes a cylinder body and a driving device for driving the printing substrate to move up and down in the cylinder body.
  • the platen is fixed on the upper end of the cylinder body.
  • the formed through hole of the platen is arranged coaxially with the cylinder body.
  • the upper end of the platen is provided with a side
  • the plate and the top plate, the platen, the side plate, the top plate and the cylinder block form the printing forming cavity.
  • the platen is fixed with a powder spreading driving motor for driving the rotation of the outer ring;
  • the gas circulation dust removal structure is used to replace the gas in the printing forming cavity and remove dust ;
  • the optical path scanning structure is arranged in the printing forming cavity for printing and forming the printing surface on the printing substrate.
  • the table is provided with a gas inlet and a gas outlet;
  • the gas circulating dust removal structure includes a separator, a dust filter element and a circulating fan.
  • the gas inlet of the separator is connected to the gas outlet of the table, and the gas outlet of the separator is connected to the gas of the dust removal filter element.
  • the inlet is connected, and the gas outlet of the circulating fan is connected to the gas inlet of the table.
  • the optical path scanning structure is arranged on the top plate, and the optical path scanning structure includes a laser, a galvanometer, a dynamic focus mirror, and a collimating beam expander. After the laser beam is emitted from the laser, it passes through the optical fiber and sequentially passes through the collimating beam expander, Dynamic focusing mirror and galvanometer, the galvanometer will shoot the final shaped laser beam to the printing surface.
  • the driving device of the Z-axis transmission assembly includes a piston assembly arranged in the cylinder.
  • the piston assembly includes a heating plate, a heat insulation plate, a sealing plate, a water-cooling plate and a lead screw arranged in order from top to bottom, and the printing substrate is arranged on The top of the heating plate.
  • the powder spreading driving motor meshes with the outer gear of the outer ring through the driving gear.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention is a continuous circulating powder spreading structure.
  • a formed through hole is arranged between the gear bearing and the platen, and the outer ring and the nested inside the outer ring can be relatively outside.
  • the gear bearing structure composed of the rotating inner ring fixes the inner ring to the upper end of the platen.
  • the lower end of the platen forming through hole is provided with a printing substrate for forming parts to form a powder spreading channel, and then the powder spreading blade is fixed to the outer ring At the upper end, there are transmission teeth on the outer circumference of the outer ring.
  • the outer ring is used to drive the powder spreader to rotate to form a rotating powder spreading structure.
  • a buffer powder bin is provided at the upper end of the powder spreader.
  • the deflector is provided with a plurality of deflector holes to guide the powder material to be evenly distributed on the deflector block inside the powder spreading scraper, and then the deflector block is introduced into the powder spreading tank for powder spreading, and then powder spreading
  • the lower end of the squeegee is spreading and leveling, so as to realize continuous spreading of powder on the printing substrate and improve the spreading efficiency.
  • the device has a simple structure and convenient operation.
  • the powder spreading scraper is arranged along the diameter of the outer ring, and the center point of the powder spreading scraper coincides with the center of the outer ring.
  • Two symmetrically arranged two deflectors are provided in the buffer powder bin at the upper end of the powder spreading scraper.
  • the plate is close to one end and lower than the other end of the two baffles to improve the powder spreading efficiency.
  • the powder spreading blade is fixed on the outer ring through a blade support, and the blade support is provided with a connection through hole fixedly connected to the outer ring by countersunk bolts, and the blade support and the powder spreading blade are connected or welded by bolts, which is convenient for the powder spreading blade. Repair and replacement.
  • the present invention is an additive manufacturing forming device based on a continuous circulating powder spreading structure.
  • the platen and a cylinder arranged at the lower end thereof form a printing forming cavity, and the continuous circulating powder spreading structure is arranged on In the printing forming cavity, the continuous powder spreading of the printing forming process is realized.
  • the driving device is used to realize the up and down movement of the printing substrate in the cylinder, and then the light path scanning structure arranged in the upper end of the printing forming cavity is used to print and shape the printing surface on the printing substrate.
  • Through holes are formed between the gear bearing and the platen, which is convenient for the laser of the optical path scanning structure to form the printing surface on the printing substrate at the lower end of the platen.
  • the optical path scanning structure is located at the upper end of the continuous circulating powder spreading structure, which can work simultaneously with the powder spreading squeegee. Powder and scanning forming can realize the high-efficiency printing process of powder spreading and scanning, which improves the forming efficiency of parts. At the same time, the printing substrate moves up and down in the cylinder, which limits the forming area and improves the powder utilization rate.
  • the platen and the cylinder arranged at the lower end thereof form a printing forming cavity, and the platen is provided with a gas inlet and a gas outlet, and the gas circulation dust removal structure is used to perform inert gas replacement to ensure the printing effect.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an additive manufacturing forming device.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the powder spreading structure.
  • Figure 3 is a front view of the powder spreading forming structure.
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the powder spreading structure.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the powder spreading blade.
  • Figure 6 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the powder spreading blade.
  • a continuous circulating powder spreading structure includes a powder spreading scraper 16, a gear bearing 11, and a platen 24. Both the gear bearing 11 and the platen 24 are provided with a shaped through hole.
  • the gear bearing 11 includes The outer ring 12 and the inner ring 13 nested in the outer ring 12 and capable of rotating relative to the outer ring, the inner ring 13 is fixed to the upper end of the table 24, the powder spreader 16 is fixed to the upper end of the outer ring 12, and the outer ring 12 is provided with transmission teeth in the circumferential direction ,
  • the platen 24 is provided with a printing substrate 31 for forming parts; the upper end of the powder spreading scraper 16 is provided with a buffer powder bin, and the buffer powder bin is provided with a deflector 19, which is arranged obliquely along the length direction of the powder spreader 16 In the buffer powder silo, the deflector 19 is provided with a plurality of deflector holes 42, the lower end of the deflector 19 is provided with a deflect
  • the powder spreading scraper 16 is fixed to the outer ring 12 by a scraper bracket 17, which is provided with a connection through hole, and is fixedly connected to the outer ring 12 by countersunk bolts.
  • the scraper support 17 and the powder spreading scraper 16 are connected or welded by bolts.
  • a scraper body 43 is fixed at the lower end of the powder spreading blade 16 through a scraper clamp 40, which facilitates the replacement of the scraper body and ensures the smoothness of the powder spreading surface; balls are arranged between the outer ring 12 and the inner ring 13 to reduce the difference between the outer ring 12 and the inner ring 13 Rotational friction between.
  • the scraper clamping plate 40 includes a left clamping plate and a right clamping plate for clamping the scraper body 43.
  • the powder spreading scraper 16 is provided with a mounting groove at the lower end, and the clamping ends of the left and right clamping plates are provided with a scraper body mounting groove.
  • the scraper body passes through the left and right clamping plates.
  • the clamping plate is clamped and installed in the installation groove of the squeegee body, the left clamping plate and the right clamping plate are fixed in the installation groove of the lower end of the powder spreading scraper 16, and the left and right clamping plates are interference fit with the installation groove of the lower end of the powder spreading scraper 16.
  • the powder spreading blade 16 is set along the diameter of the outer ring 12, and the center point of the powder spreading blade 16 coincides with the center of the outer ring 12 to ensure even powder spreading during the powder spreading process; there are two symmetrical settings in the buffer powder bin at the upper end of the powder spreading blade 16
  • the two baffles 19 of the two baffles 19 are close to one end lower than the other end of the two baffles 19, and the printing material in the powder spreading scraper 16 can be guided to the powder spreading tank 41 through the baffle 37 to flow out , And with the rotation of the powder spreading blade 16 evenly spread on the printing surface, the two symmetrically arranged baffles 19 can spread powder in two half areas at the same time, which improves the printing efficiency.
  • the additive manufacturing forming device based on the above-mentioned continuous circulating powder spreading structure includes a Z-axis transmission assembly 3, a gas circulating dust removal structure and an optical path scanning structure.
  • the Z-axis transmission assembly 3 includes a cylinder block 30 and a driving device for driving the printing substrate 31 to move up and down in the cylinder block 30.
  • the platen 24 is fixed to the upper end of the cylinder block 30, and the formed through hole of the platen 24 is coaxial with the cylinder block 30.
  • the upper end of the platen 24 is provided with a side plate 25 and a top plate 26.
  • the platen 24, the side plate 25, the top plate 26 and the cylinder 30 form a printing forming cavity.
  • the platen 24 is also fixed with a powder spreader for driving the outer ring 12 to rotate.
  • the table 24 is provided with a gas inlet 37 and a gas outlet 38 for use
  • the gas inlet and the gas outlet are respectively arranged on both sides of the platen 24 to ensure the gas replacement efficiency in the printing forming cavity.
  • the gas circulating dust removal structure includes a separator 4, a dust removal filter element 5, and a circulating fan 6.
  • the gas inlet of the separator 4 is connected to the gas outlet of the table 24, and the gas outlet of the separator 4 is connected to the gas inlet of the dust removal filter element 5.
  • the dust removal filter element The gas outlet of 5 discharges the filtered gas and recovers the inert gas displaced during the printing process.
  • the gas outlet of the circulating fan 6 is connected to the gas inlet 37 of the platen 24;
  • the optical path scanning structure is arranged on the top plate 26, and the optical path scanning structure can be printed and formed on the printing substrate 31.
  • the optical path scanning structure includes a laser 8, a galvanometer 27, a dynamic focus mirror 28, and a collimating beam expander 29.
  • the laser beam is from the laser After 8 is emitted, it passes through the collimating beam expander 29, the dynamic focusing lens 28 and the galvanometer 27 in sequence after passing through the optical fiber.
  • the galvanometer 27 shoots the final shaped laser beam to the printing surface. It also includes a laser 8 for providing a laser beam.
  • the laser 8 is connected to an electrical cabinet 7 and an industrial computer 9 for providing a printing laser beam.
  • It also includes a main frame 1 for fixing the Z-axis transmission assembly 3, the gas circulation dust removal structure and the light path scanning structure.
  • the driving device of the Z-axis transmission assembly 3 includes a piston assembly arranged in the cylinder 30.
  • the piston assembly includes a heating plate 32, a heat insulation plate 33, a sealing plate 34, a water-cooling plate 35 and a lead screw 36 arranged in order from top to bottom.
  • the printing substrate 31 is arranged at the upper end of the heating plate 32, and the lead screw 36 is arranged under the water-cooling plate 35.
  • the piston assembly moves up and down along the cylinder wall in the cylinder 30 under the driving action of the lead screw 36, thereby driving the printing substrate 31 on the cylinder 30.
  • the inner moves up and down along the cylinder wall.
  • the heating plate 32 is used for auxiliary heating of the printing substrate 31.
  • the sealing plate 34 and the inner wall of the cylinder body 30 are sealed by a sealing gasket to prevent the molding powder from falling into the lead screw 36. Cooling water is provided in the water cooling plate 35 to prevent the lead screw 36 from overheating.
  • the powder feeding device includes a powder bin 23 and a powder feeding box body 21 arranged at the lower end of the powder bin 23.
  • the powder feeding box body 21 is provided with a powder feeding roller 20, and the powder feeding roller 20 is driven by a powder feeding motor 22.
  • the powder feeding roller 20 is located in the powder feeding box body 21 and is provided with a powder feeding groove.
  • the lower end of the powder feeding box body 21 is provided with a funnel 18 for drainage.
  • the inlet of the funnel 18 is connected with the outlet of the powder feeding box body 21.
  • the discharge port is located at the upper end of the powder spreading scraper.
  • the powder feeding device is fixed in the printing forming cavity, and the specific powder feeding device is fixed on the platen 24 or on the side plate through a bracket.
  • the powder bin 23 stores the powder material to be printed inside, and the powder feed roller 20 is driven by the powder feed motor 22 to rotate and drive the powder material to fall into the powder spreading blade (16) through the funnel 18, and the powder spreading blade 16 is provided with a flow guide.
  • the plate 19 guides the powder material to be evenly distributed in the powder spreading scraper 16; the powder spreading scraper 16 is connected to the outer ring 12 through the scraper bracket 17, and the driving gear 14 drives the outer ring 12 to rotate under the action of the powder spreading drive motor 15, and then drives it
  • the powder spreading blade 16 rotates and spreads the powder, and at the same time, the focused laser beam emitted from the galvanometer 27 irradiates the powdered surface for printing and forming, thereby realizing the cyclic continuous forming process of scanning and printing while spreading the powder.
  • the cylinder 30 is a circular cylinder with the same diameter as the inner diameter of the inner ring 13; the gear bearing 11 is coaxial with the cylinder 30; the powder spreading scraper 16 is installed above the outer ring 12 along the diameter direction of the cylinder 30, that is, spreading powder The center of the scraper passes through the axis of the cylinder 30; a sealing rubber is arranged between the outer ring 12 and the inner ring 13 of the gear bearing 11; the inner ring 13 is fixed above the platen 24, and the outer ring 12 and the powder spreader 16 are fixedly connected together ; The baffle 19 built in the powder spreading blade 16 can evenly distribute the printing material in the powder spreading blade 16; the powder spreading blade 16 is provided with a powder spreading groove, and the printing material in the powder spreading blade 16 can pass through this spreading powder The groove flows out and spreads evenly on the printing surface with the rotation of the powder spreading blade 16;
  • the printing area is a circular area, and the powder spreading blade 16 rotates around the axis of the outer gear bearing 11 in the circular area, so the printing material always stays in the circular area, and the powder material can be recycled.
  • the forming cavity needs to be filled with inert protective gas to protect the printed parts from oxidation and to take away the smoke and impurities generated by printing in time; the mixed gas containing smoke and impurities enters the separator 4 to achieve large particles of smoke and gas After the initial separation of the dust, the pure protective gas is further efficiently filtered by the dust removal filter element 5, and then the protective gas is driven by the circulating fan 6 to return to the forming cavity and continuously circulate.
  • the present invention has a continuous circulating powder spreading structure and additive manufacturing forming equipment. The advantage is that the powder material does not overflow the printing area during powder spreading, and can realize the simultaneous spreading and scanning during the SLM forming process, that is, the powder spreading and scanning are performed while spreading powder.
  • the high-efficiency printing process is very suitable for the printing and forming of round/ring parts.

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Abstract

一种连续循环铺粉结构及增材制造成形设备，通过在台板（24）设置侧板（25）和顶板（26），台板（24）与设置于其下端的缸体（30）形成打印成形腔，将连续循环铺粉结构设置于打印成形腔内，实现打印成形过程的连续铺粉，利用驱动装置实现打印基板（31）在缸体（30）内上下运动，然后利用设置于打印成形腔内上端的光路扫描结构对打印基板（31）上的打印面进行打印成形，齿轮轴承和台板（24）中间均成形通孔，便于光路扫描结构激光与台板（24）下端的打印基板（31）上的打印面成形，光路扫描结构位于连续循环铺粉结构上端，可与铺粉刮刀（16）同时工作进行铺粉和扫描成形，即可实现边铺粉边扫描的高效率打印过程，提高了零件的成形效率，同时打印基板（31）在缸体（30）内上下移动，限制了成型区域，提高粉末利用率。

Description

一种连续循环铺粉结构及增材制造成形设备 技术领域
本发明属于增材制造设备领域，具体涉及一种连续循环铺粉结构及增材制造成形设备。
背景技术
增材制造技术融合了新材料、信息与制造等多学科技术，被誉为有望产生“第三次工业革命”的代表性技术，是大批量制造模式向个性化制造模式发展的引领技术。金属增材制造技术作为整个增材制造体系中最为前沿和最有潜力的技术，是先进制造技术的重要发展方向。适用于复杂构件的近净成形，采用增材制造技术制造出的成形件具有优异的力学性能，适合多种材料的快速成形，且材料利用率高。
激光选区激光熔化成形技术(Selective Laser Mel ting,SLM)是增材制造的典型代表，它将传统的三维制造工艺转变为平面制造-累积叠加工艺，通过粉末逐层熔化实现三维复杂精密零部件的制造，适合几乎任意复杂形状金属零部件的制造。同时，SLM成形采用的光斑直径小，成形精度高，可以直接成形具有异性流道的复杂薄壁构件，最小壁厚可达到100μm,成形件性能可达到同成分锻件水平，精度远高于精铸工艺。因此，该技术在航空航天、医疗、模具、汽车等领域得到了广泛的应用，被认为是近年来发展最快和最具发展潜力的金属增材制造技术之一。目前增材制造设备都是采用全幅面间歇性铺粉成形的方式，由于铺粉和扫描同时进行产生干扰，即铺粉过程与扫描打印过程不能同时进行，而且铺粉覆盖范围要远大于成形区域，铺粉时间长，材料利用率低，严重影响了零件的成形效率。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种连续循环铺粉结构及增材制造成形设备，以克服现有设备铺粉和扫描无法进行的缺陷，实现SLM成形过程中铺粉与扫描同时进行，即边铺粉边扫描的高效率打印过程。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种连续循环铺粉结构，包括铺粉刮刀、齿轮轴承和台板，齿轮轴承和台板中间均设有成形通孔，齿轮轴承包括外圈和嵌套于外圈内能够相对外圈转动的内圈，内圈固定于台板上端，铺粉刮刀固定于外圈上端，外圈外侧周向设有传动齿，台板成形通孔下端设有用于零件成形的打印基板，铺粉刮刀上端设有缓冲粉仓，缓冲粉仓内设有沿铺粉刮刀长度方向倾斜设置的导流板，导流板上设有多个导流孔，导流板下端设有导流块，导流块上端面为沿铺粉刮刀宽度方向设置的倾斜表面，铺粉刮刀下端位于导流块倾斜表面低端处设有铺粉槽，铺粉槽沿铺粉刮刀长度方向设置。
进一步的，铺粉刮刀沿外圈的直径设置，铺粉刮刀中心点与外圈圆心重合，铺粉刮刀上端的缓冲粉仓内设有两个对称设置的两个导流板，两个导流板靠近一端低于两个导流板的另一端。
进一步的，铺粉刮刀通过刮刀支架固定于外圈上，刮刀支架上设有通过沉头螺栓与外圈固定连接的连接通孔，刮刀支架与铺粉刮刀通过螺栓连接或焊接。
进一步的，铺粉刮刀下端通过刮刀夹板固定有刮刀体。
进一步的，还包括送粉装置，送粉装置包括粉仓以及设置于粉仓下端的送粉盒体，送粉盒体内设有送粉辊，送粉辊通过送粉电机驱动，送粉辊位于送粉盒体内部分设有送粉槽，送粉盒体下端设有用于引流的漏斗，漏斗进料口与送粉盒体出料口连接，漏斗出料口位于铺粉刮刀上端。
一种基于连续循环铺粉结构的增材制造成形装置，包括Z轴传动组件、气体循环除尘结构及光路扫描结构，
Z轴传动组件包括缸体以及用于驱动打印基板在缸体内上下运动的驱动装置，台板固定于缸体上端，台板的成形通孔与缸体同轴设置，台板上端设有侧板和顶板，台板、侧板、顶板和缸体形成打印成形腔，台板上固定有用于驱动外圈转动的铺粉驱动电机；气体循环除尘结构用于对打印成形腔内气体进行置换除尘；光路扫描结构设置于打印成形腔内用于对打印基板上的打印面进行打印成形。
进一步的，台板上设有气体入口和气体出口；气体循环除尘结构包括分离器、除尘滤芯与循环风机，分离器的气体入口与台板的气体出口连接，分离器的气体出口与除尘滤芯气体入口连接，循环风机的气体出口与台板的气体入口连接。
进一步的，所述光路扫描结构设置于顶板上，光路扫描结构包括激光器、振镜、动态聚焦镜及准直扩束镜，激光束从激光器发出后，通过光纤后依次经过准直扩束镜、动态聚焦镜和振镜，振镜将最后成形激光束射向打印成形面。
进一步的，Z轴传动组件的驱动装置包括设置于缸体内的活塞组件，活塞组件包括从上到下依次设置的加热板、隔热板、密封板、水冷板和丝杠，打印基板设置于加热板上端。
进一步的，铺粉驱动电机通过驱动齿轮与外圈外侧齿轮啮合。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：
本发明一种连续循环铺粉结构，通过铺粉刮刀、齿轮轴承和台板的结构设计，在齿轮轴承和台板中间设置成形通孔，利用由外圈和嵌套于外圈内能够相对外圈转动的内圈组成的齿轮轴承结构，将内圈固定于台板上端，在台板成形通孔下端设有用于零件成形的打印基板，形成铺粉通道，然后将铺粉刮刀固定于外圈上端，在外圈外侧周向设有传动齿，利用外圈带动铺粉刮刀转动，形成转动铺粉结构，在铺粉刮刀上端设置缓冲粉仓，缓冲粉仓内设有 沿铺粉刮刀长度方向倾斜设置的导流板，导流板上设有多个导流孔，引导粉末材料均匀的分布在铺粉刮刀内部的导流块上，然后通过导流块引入铺粉槽进行铺粉，然后通过铺粉刮刀下端铺粉刮平，从而实现在打印基板上进行连续铺粉，提高铺粉效率，本装置结构简单，操作方便。
进一步的，铺粉刮刀沿外圈的直径设置，铺粉刮刀中心点与外圈圆心重合，铺粉刮刀上端的缓冲粉仓内设有两个对称设置的两个导流板，两个导流板靠近一端低于两个导流板的另一端，提高铺粉效率。
进一步的，铺粉刮刀通过刮刀支架固定于外圈上，刮刀支架上设有通过沉头螺栓与外圈固定连接的连接通孔，刮刀支架与铺粉刮刀通过螺栓连接或焊接，便于铺粉刮刀的维修和更换。
本发明一种基于连续循环铺粉结构的增材制造成形装置，通过在台板设置侧板和顶板，台板与设置于其下端的缸体形成打印成形腔，将连续循环铺粉结构设置于打印成形腔内，实现打印成形过程的连续铺粉，利用驱动装置实现打印基板在缸体内上下运动，然后利用设置于打印成形腔内上端的光路扫描结构对打印基板上的打印面进行打印成形，齿轮轴承和台板中间均成形通孔，便于光路扫描结构激光与台板下端的打印基板上的打印面成形，光路扫描结构位于连续循环铺粉结构上端，可与铺粉刮刀同时工作进行铺粉和扫描成形，即可实现边铺粉边扫描的高效率打印过程，提高了零件的成形效率，同时打印基板在缸体内上下移动，限制了成型区域，提高粉末利用率。
进一步的，台板与设置于其下端的缸体形成打印成形腔，在台板上设有气体入口和气体出口，利用气体循环除尘结构进行惰性气体置换，确保打印效果。
附图说明
图1为增材制造成形装置结构示意图。
图2为铺粉结构示意图。
图3为铺粉成形结构正视图。
图4为铺粉结构放大示意图。
图5为铺粉刮刀横向剖视图。
图6为铺粉刮刀纵向剖视图。
其中，1、主机架，2、成形腔组件，3、Z轴传动组件，4、分离器，5、除尘滤芯，6、循环风机，7、电气柜，8、激光器，9、工控机，11、齿轮轴承，12、外圈，13、内圈，14、驱动齿轮，15、铺粉驱动电机，16、铺粉刮刀，17、刮刀支架，18、漏斗，19、导流板，20、送粉辊，21、送粉盒体，22、送粉电机，23、粉仓，24、台板，25、侧板，26、顶板，27、振镜、28、动态聚焦镜、29、准直扩束镜，30、缸体，31、打印基板，32、加热板，33、隔热板，34、密封板，35、水冷板，36、丝杠,37、气体入口，38、气体出口，39、导流块，40、刮刀夹板，41、铺粉槽，42、导流孔。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细描述：
如图2至图6所示，一种连续循环铺粉结构，包括铺粉刮刀16、齿轮轴承11和台板24，齿轮轴承11和台板24中间均设有成形通孔，齿轮轴承11包括外圈12和嵌套于外圈12内能够相对外圈转动的内圈13，内圈13固定于台板24上端，铺粉刮刀16固定于外圈12上端，外圈12外侧周向设有传动齿，台板24设有用于零件成形的打印基板31；铺粉刮刀16上端设有缓冲粉仓，缓冲粉仓内设有导流板19，导流板19沿铺粉刮刀16长度方向倾斜设置于缓冲粉仓内，导流板19上设有多个导流孔42，导流板19下端设有导流块39，导流块39上端面为倾斜表面，铺粉刮刀16下端位于导流块39倾斜表面低端处设有铺粉槽41。
铺粉刮刀16通过刮刀支架17固定于外圈12上，刮刀支架17上设有连接通孔，通过沉头螺栓与外圈12固定连接，刮刀支架17与铺粉刮刀16通过 螺栓连接或焊接。铺粉刮刀16下端通过刮刀夹板40固定有刮刀体43，便于更换刮刀体，确保铺粉表面平整度；外圈12与内圈13之间设有滚珠，减小外圈12与内圈13之间的转动摩擦力。刮刀夹板40包括用于夹持刮刀体43的左夹板和右夹板，铺粉刮刀16下端设有安装槽，左夹板和右夹板夹持端设有刮刀体安装槽，刮刀体通过左夹板和右夹板夹持安装在刮刀体安装槽内，左夹板和右夹板固定在铺粉刮刀16下端的安装槽内，左夹板和右夹板与铺粉刮刀16下端的安装槽过盈配合。
铺粉刮刀16沿外圈12的直径设置，铺粉刮刀16中心点与外圈12圆心重合，确保铺粉过程中铺粉均匀；铺粉刮刀16上端的缓冲粉仓内设有两个对称设置的两个导流板19，两个导流板19靠近一端低于两个导流板19的另一端，铺粉刮刀16里面的打印材料可以通过导流块37的引导至铺粉槽41流出，并随着铺粉刮刀16的转动均匀的平铺在打印面上，对称设置的两个导流板19，可同时进行两个半区铺粉，提高打印效率。
如图1所示，基于上述连续循环铺粉结构的增材制造成形装置，包括Z轴传动组件3、气体循环除尘结构及光路扫描结构，
Z轴传动组件3包括缸体30以及用于驱动打印基板31在缸体30内上下运动的驱动装置，台板24固定于缸体30上端，台板24的成形通孔与缸体30同轴设置，台板24上端设有侧板25和顶板26，台板24、侧板25、顶板26和缸体30形成打印成形腔，台板24上还固定有用于驱动外圈12转动的铺粉驱动电机15，铺粉驱动电机15通过驱动齿轮14与外圈12外侧齿轮啮合，从而驱动外圈12转动，从而带动铺粉刮刀转动；台板24上设有气体入口37和气体出口38，用于置换打印成形腔内的气体，气体入口和气体出口分别设置于台板24两侧，确保打印成形腔内气体置换效率。
所述气体循环除尘结构包括分离器4、除尘滤芯5与循环风机6，分离器4的气体入口与台板24的气体出口连接，分离器4的气体出口与除尘滤芯5 气体入口连接，除尘滤芯5的气体出口将过滤后的气体排出，对于打印过程中置换出的惰性气体进行回收，循环风机6的气体出口与台板24的气体入口37连接；
所述光路扫描结构设置于顶板26上，光路扫描结构能够在打印基板31上打印成形，光路扫描结构包括激光器8、振镜27、动态聚焦镜28及准直扩束镜29，激光束从激光器8发出后，通过光纤后依次经过准直扩束镜29、动态聚焦镜28和振镜27，振镜27将最后成形激光束射向打印成形面。还包括用于提供激光束的激光器8，激光器8连接有电气柜7和工控机9，用于提供打印激光束。
还包括用于固定Z轴传动组件3、气体循环除尘结构及光路扫描结构的主机架1。
Z轴传动组件3的驱动装置包括设置于缸体30内的活塞组件，活塞组件包括从上到下依次设置的加热板32、隔热板33、密封板34、水冷板35和丝杠36，打印基板31设置于加热板32上端，丝杠36设置于水冷板35下方，在丝杠36的驱动作用下活塞组件在缸体30内沿缸壁上下运动，从而带动打印基板31在缸体30内沿缸壁上下运动。加热板32用于打印基板31的辅助加热。密封板34与缸体30内壁之间通过密封垫密封，防止成型粉落入丝杠36。水冷板35内设有冷却水，防止丝杠36过热。
还包括送粉装置，送粉装置包括粉仓23以及设置于粉仓23下端的送粉盒体21，送粉盒体21内设有送粉辊20，送粉辊20通过送粉电机22驱动，送粉辊20位于送粉盒体21内部分设有送粉槽，送粉盒体21下端设有用于引流的漏斗18，漏斗18进料口与送粉盒体21出料口连接，漏斗18出料口位于铺粉刮刀上端。送粉装置固定于打印成形腔内，具体的送粉装置通过支架固定于台板24上或者固定于侧板上。
粉仓23内部存储待打印的粉末材料，在送粉电机22的驱动下送粉辊20 旋转并带动粉末材料通过漏斗18落到铺粉刮刀(16)内，铺粉刮刀16内设有导流板19，引导粉末材料均匀的分布在铺粉刮刀16内部；铺粉刮刀16通过刮刀支架17与外圈12相连接，在铺粉驱动电机15作用下驱动齿轮14带动外圈12转动，进而带动铺粉刮刀16旋转铺粉，同时，从振镜27射出的聚焦激光束照射到已铺粉面上打印成形，进而实现边铺粉边扫描打印的循环连续成形过程。
送粉辊20表面均匀分布若干个凹槽，可以通过控制其转动角度实现精确量落粉。缸体30为圆形缸体，其直径与内圈13的内径相等；齿轮轴承11与缸体30同轴；铺粉刮刀16沿着缸体30的直径方向安装在外圈12上方，即铺粉刮刀的中心经过缸体30的轴线；齿轮轴承11的外圈12与内圈13之间设置有密封橡胶；内圈13固定在台板24上方，外圈12与铺粉刮刀16固连在一起；铺粉刮刀16内置的导流板19可将打印材料引流均匀的分布在铺粉刮刀16内部；铺粉刮刀16下面设有铺粉槽，铺粉刮刀16里面的打印材料可以通过此铺粉槽流出，并随着铺粉刮刀16的转动均匀的平铺在打印面上；
打印区域为圆形区域，铺粉刮刀16在圆形区域内绕外齿轴承11的轴线做旋转运动，因此打印材料始终停留在圆形区域内，可以实现粉末材料循环使用。
在打印过程中成形腔内需要充入惰性保护气体，用于保护打印零件不被氧化并及时带走打印产生的烟尘杂质等；含有烟尘杂质的混合气体进入分离器4后实现大颗粒烟尘与气体的初步分离，然后经过除尘滤芯5进一步高效过滤得到纯净的保护气体，然后在循环风机6的带动下保护气重新回到成形腔体，不断循环。本发明一种连续循环铺粉结构及增材制造成形设备，其优势在于，铺粉时粉末材料没有溢出打印区域，能够实现SLM成形过程中铺粉与扫描同时进行，即边铺粉边扫描的高效率打印过程，非常适合圆形/环形零件的打印成形。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种连续循环铺粉结构，其特征在于，包括铺粉刮刀(16)、齿轮轴承(11)和台板(24)，齿轮轴承(11)和台板(24)中间均设有成形通孔，齿轮轴承(11)包括外圈(12)和嵌套于外圈(12)内能够相对外圈转动的内圈(13)，内圈(13)固定于台板(24)上端，铺粉刮刀(16)固定于外圈(12)上端，外圈(12)外侧周向设有传动齿，台板(24)成形通孔下端设有用于零件成形的打印基板(31)，铺粉刮刀(16)上端设有缓冲粉仓，缓冲粉仓内设有沿铺粉刮刀(16)长度方向倾斜设置的导流板(19)，导流板(19)上设有多个导流孔(42)，导流板(19)下端设有导流块(39)，导流块(39)上端面为沿铺粉刮刀(16)宽度方向设置的倾斜表面，铺粉刮刀(16)下端位于导流块(39)倾斜表面低端处设有铺粉槽(41)，铺粉槽(41)沿铺粉刮刀(16)长度方向设置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种连续循环铺粉结构，其特征在于，铺粉刮刀(16)沿外圈(12)的直径设置，铺粉刮刀(16)中心点与外圈(12)圆心重合，铺粉刮刀(16)上端的缓冲粉仓内设有两个对称设置的两个导流板(19)，两个导流板(19)靠近一端低于两个导流板(19)的另一端。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种连续循环铺粉结构，其特征在于，铺粉刮刀(16)通过刮刀支架(17)固定于外圈(12)上，刮刀支架(17)上设有通过沉头螺栓与外圈(12)固定连接的连接通孔，刮刀支架(17)与铺粉刮刀(16)通过螺栓连接或焊接。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述的一种连续循环铺粉结构，其特征在于，铺粉刮刀(16)下端通过刮刀夹板(40)固定有刮刀体(43)。
  5. 根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述的一种连续循环铺粉结构，其特征在于，还包括送粉装置，送粉装置包括粉仓(23)以及设置于粉仓(23)下端的送粉盒体(21)，送粉盒体(21)内设有送粉辊(20)，送粉辊(20)通过送粉电机(22)驱动，送粉辊(20)位于送粉盒体(21)内部分设有送粉槽， 送粉盒体(21)下端设有用于引流的漏斗(18)，漏斗(18)进料口与送粉盒体(21)出料口连接，漏斗(18)出料口位于铺粉刮刀上端。
  6. 一种基于权利要求1所述连续循环铺粉结构的增材制造成形装置，其特征在于，包括Z轴传动组件(3)、气体循环除尘结构及光路扫描结构，
    Z轴传动组件(3)包括缸体(30)以及用于驱动打印基板(31)在缸体(30)内上下运动的驱动装置，连续循环铺粉结构的台板(24)固定于缸体(30)上端，台板(24)的成形通孔与缸体(30)同轴设置，台板(24)上端设有侧板(25)和顶板(26)，台板(24)、侧板(25)、顶板(26)和缸体(30)形成打印成形腔，台板(24)上固定有用于驱动外圈(12)转动的铺粉驱动电机(15)；气体循环除尘结构用于对打印成形腔内气体进行置换除尘；光路扫描结构固定于连续循环铺粉结构的铺粉刮刀(16)上端，光路扫描结构设置于打印成形腔内用于对打印基板(31)上的打印面进行打印成形。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的增材制造成形装置，其特征在于，台板(24)上设有气体入口(37)和气体出口(38)；气体循环除尘结构包括分离器(4)、除尘滤芯(5)与循环风机(6)，分离器(4)的气体入口与台板(24)的气体出口连接，分离器(4)的气体出口与除尘滤芯(5)气体入口连接，循环风机(6)的气体出口与台板(24)的气体入口(37)连接。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的增材制造成形装置，其特征在于，所述光路扫描结构设置于顶板(26)上，光路扫描结构包括激光器(8)、振镜(27)、动态聚焦镜(28)及准直扩束镜(29)，激光束从激光器(8)发出后，通过光纤后依次经过准直扩束镜(29)、动态聚焦镜(28)和振镜(27)，振镜(27)将最后成形激光束射向打印成形面。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的增材制造成形装置，其特征在于，Z轴传动组件(3)的驱动装置包括设置于缸体(30)内的活塞组件，活塞组件包括从上到下依次设置的加热板(32)、隔热板(33)、密封板(34)、水冷板(35)和 丝杠(36)，打印基板(31)设置于加热板(32)上端。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的增材制造成形装置，其特征在于，铺粉驱动电机(15)通过驱动齿轮(14)与外圈(12)外侧齿轮啮合。
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