WO2021046864A1 - Cutting tool and tool bit structure thereof - Google Patents
Cutting tool and tool bit structure thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2021046864A1 WO2021046864A1 PCT/CN2019/106169 CN2019106169W WO2021046864A1 WO 2021046864 A1 WO2021046864 A1 WO 2021046864A1 CN 2019106169 W CN2019106169 W CN 2019106169W WO 2021046864 A1 WO2021046864 A1 WO 2021046864A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cutting
- cutting edge
- edge
- structure according
- head structure
- Prior art date
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
- B23C5/10—Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
- B28D1/18—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by milling, e.g. channelling by means of milling tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D5/00—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
- B28D5/02—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by rotary tools, e.g. drills
Definitions
- the utility model relates to the technical field of precision machining, in particular to a cutting tool and its bit structure.
- the workpiece to be machined has many arc surfaces that need to be processed.
- the main cutting edge provided through the center point of the top of the milling cutter is concentrated and wears quickly. It affects the service life of the tool and leads to unstable processing, resulting in differences in the surface roughness and profile of the same batch of workpieces, and the quality is difficult to guarantee.
- some current technical solutions are provided with secondary cutting edges on both sides of the main cutting edge to assist cutting and reduce the cutting amount of the first cutting edge.
- this solution also has shortcomings: First, it is subject to spherical milling cutter processing.
- the setting of the step distance is bound to be limited, which will affect the machining efficiency;
- the purpose of the utility model is to provide a cutting tool, which can improve the machining accuracy of small curved surface contours, is beneficial to increase the step distance of the cutting tool, thereby improving the processing efficiency, and can reduce the tool wear to prolong the service life of the tool.
- one aspect of the present invention provides a cutter head structure, which includes a cutting edge portion, the cutting edge portion includes a cutting main body, the outer surface of the cutting main body includes a front end surface and connected to the front end surface
- the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body is a cylindrical surface, the outer surface of the cutting body is provided with a first cutting edge and at least two second cutting edges, the front end surface of the first cutting edge and the first cutting edge
- the front end faces of the two cutting edges form a curved surface convex forward;
- the first cutting edge extends from one side of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting main body to the central area of the front end surface of the cutting main body, and then extends to the other side of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting main body.
- Two cutting edges are respectively arranged on both sides of the first cutting edge, and a first chip flute is defined between the first cutting edge and the adjacent second cutting edge.
- the arc surface formed by the front end surface of the first cutting edge and the front end surface of the second cutting edge is a circular arc surface with a radius R of 0.5 mm to 400 mm.
- the diameter D is 0.5mm-100mm.
- the radius R of the arc surface formed by the front end surface of the first cutting edge and the front end surface of the second cutting edge is 1mm-50mm; the diameter D of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body is 2mm-10mm .
- the width of the first chip flute on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body is greater than its width on the front end surface of the cutting body.
- the portion of the first cutting edge located at the connection between the front end surface and the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body is provided with a chamfered edge portion, and the chamfered edge portion is in an arc shape that protrudes outward.
- the chamfered blade portion is arc-shaped, and the radius r of the chamfered blade portion is 0.02 mm to 10 mm.
- the radius r of the chamfered edge portion is 0.1 mm to 5 mm.
- the front end surface of the cutting body is a forwardly convex arc surface, and the height of the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge are the same.
- the first cutting edge passes through the apex of the front end surface of the cutting body, and the cutting body is symmetrically distributed with respect to the first cutting edge.
- each of the second cutting edges is symmetrically distributed with respect to the first cutting edge.
- the second cutting edge includes a first cutting segment and a second cutting segment respectively connecting two ends of the first cutting segment, the first cutting segment is located on the front end surface of the cutting body, and The second cutting segment extends from the end of the first cutting segment to the rear end of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body;
- Each of the second cutting segments is helical, and the two second cutting segments located at both ends of the first cutting segment have opposite directions of rotation, and are located on both sides of the first cutting edge. The direction of rotation of the second cutting segment is also reversed.
- the first cutting segment is a straight edge
- the helix angle of the second cutting segment is 0-60°.
- the helix angle of the second cutting segment is 5°-30°.
- the second cutting edge is provided on both sides of the first cutting edge.
- the edge width W1 of the first cutting edge and the edge width W2 of the second cutting edge are both 0.005 mm to 0.2 mm, and the groove depth of the first chip flute is 0.02 mm to 1 mm.
- the edge width W1 of the first cutting edge and the edge width W2 of the second cutting edge are both 0.01 mm to 0.1 mm, and the groove depth of the first chip flute is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.
- the cutting body, the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge are integrally formed.
- the outer surface of the cutting body is further provided with cutting edge groups located outside the two outermost second cutting edges respectively;
- the cutting edge group includes a plurality of third cutting edges, and a second cutting edge is defined between two adjacent third cutting edges, and between the third cutting edge and the second cutting edge adjacent thereto. Chip flutes.
- each of the third cutting edges is symmetrically distributed with respect to the first cutting edge.
- each of the third cutting edges has a spiral shape.
- the cutting edge group has a symmetrical structure.
- the rotation direction of each of the third cutting edges located on one side of the symmetrical centerline of the cutting edge group and each of the third cutting edges located on the other side of the symmetrical centerline of the cutting edge group in contrast.
- the cutting edge group further includes at least two fourth cutting edges, each of the fourth cutting edges is respectively arranged on both sides of the symmetrical centerline of the cutting edge group, and is arranged close to the symmetrical centerline;
- a third chip flute is defined between the adjacent fourth cutting edges and between the fourth cutting edge and the third cutting edge adjacent thereto.
- the portion of the fourth cutting edge located on the front end surface of the cutting body is a straight edge; the portion of the fourth cutting edge located on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body is helical, and its rotation direction is The rotation directions of the third cutting edges on the same side of the symmetric center line of the cutting edge group are the same.
- the helix angle of the third cutting edge is 0-60°, and the helix angle of each third cutting edge on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body gradually increases from the middle to both sides.
- the helix angle of the portion of the fourth cutting edge located on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body is 0-60°, and is smaller than the helix angle of each of the third cutting edges.
- one end of the third cutting edge is connected to the second cutting edge, and the other end of the third cutting edge is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body.
- the material of the cutting edge portion is any one of polycrystalline diamond, single crystal diamond, chemical vapor deposition diamond, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride, ceramic, and cemented carbide.
- another aspect of the present invention also provides a cutting tool, which includes a tool shank and the tool head structure in any of the above technical solutions, and the rear end surface of the cutting body is connected to the cutting tool.
- the front end of the tool shank is connected to the cutting tool.
- the cutting tool of the utility model is provided with a first cutting edge and a plurality of second cutting edges respectively arranged on both sides of the first cutting edge on the outer surface of the cutting body.
- the outer surface of the cutting body includes a front end surface and a The outer peripheral surface connected by the front end surface is a cylindrical surface.
- the front end surface of the first cutting edge and the front end surface of the second cutting edge form a forward convex arc surface to facilitate the processing of small curved surfaces.
- the first cutting edge It extends from one side of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body to the central area of the front end surface of the cutting body and then to the other side; in this way, in the process of processing small curved surfaces, the second cutting edge is used for cutting to cut most of the margin, Reduce the cutting amount of the first cutting edge located in the central area, so that the remaining less cutting margin is cut through the first cutting edge, which has the nature of roughing and finishing, thereby reducing the wear of the first cutting edge , And can effectively improve the machining accuracy, ensure the roughness of the workpiece after machining, extend the life of the first cutting edge, thereby prolonging the life of the tool; at the same time, due to the improvement of the machining accuracy of the tool, it is beneficial to meet the requirements of machining accuracy , Increase the step distance of the cutting tool, which can greatly improve the processing efficiency; in addition, the first chip flute defined between the second cutting edge and the first cutting edge can facilitate chip evacuation and avoid cutting chips in the cutting body The top area is backlogged to adversely affect the forming accuracy and
- Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a cutter head structure provided by the first embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 2 is a top view of Figure 1;
- Figure 3 is a front view of Figure 2;
- Figure 4 is a left side view of Figure 2;
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a cutter head structure provided by the second embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a cutting tool provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
- cutter head structure 10, cutting edge portion; 11, cutting main body; 11a, the front end surface of the cutting main body; 11b, the outer peripheral surface of the cutting main body; 12, the first cutting edge; 121, the chamfering edge portion; 13 , The second cutting edge; 131, the first cutting segment; 132, the second cutting segment; 14, the first chip flute; 15, the cutting edge group; 151, the third cutting edge; 152, the fourth cutting edge; 16.
- front and rear refer to the end of the cutting tool that is close to the workpiece during the cutting process as “front”, and the end away from the workpiece as “front” Rear”.
- central area of the front end surface of the cutting body in the present invention refers to the position of the area that includes the center point on the front end surface of the cutting main body and is close to the center point of the front end surface of the cutting main body ", "The apex of the front face of the cutting body” refers to the position of the cutting tool at the farthest distance from the tool shank on the front face of the cutting body during the cutting process.
- the top area of the front face of the cutting body refers to The outer surface of the cutting body includes the apex of the front end surface of the cutting body and the location of the region close to the apex of the front end surface of the cutting body.
- the present invention adopts the terms “first”, “second”, and “third” To describe various information, it is only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
- a cutter head structure is provided, and the specific implementation is as follows:
- a cutter head structure 100 as a preferred embodiment of a cutter head structure 100 provided by the present invention, it includes a cutting edge portion 10, wherein the cutting edge portion 10 includes a cutting body 11, the cutting
- the outer surface of the main body 11 includes a front end surface 11a and an outer peripheral surface 11b connected to the front end surface 11a.
- the outer peripheral surface 11b of the cutting main body 11 is a cylindrical surface.
- the outer surface of the cutting main body 11 is provided with a first cutting edge 12 and at least Two second cutting edges 13; the first cutting edge 12 extends from one side of the outer peripheral surface 11b of the cutting body 11 to the top area of the front end surface of the cutting body 11, and then extends to the cutting body
- each of the second cutting edges 13 is provided on both sides of the first cutting edge 12, the front end surface of the first cutting edge 12 and the front end of the second cutting edge 13
- the surface forms a forward convex arc surface to facilitate the processing of a small curved surface.
- a first chip flute 14 is defined between the first cutting edge 12 and the adjacent second cutting edge 13.
- the outer surface of the cutting body 11 is provided with a first cutting edge 12 and a number of second cutting edges 13, as can be seen from the top view shown in FIG.
- the central area of the cutting body 11 shows a specific embodiment including two second cutting edges 13, the two second cutting edges 13 are respectively provided on both sides of the first cutting edge 12
- the second cutting edge 13 performs cutting operations to cut most of the margin, reducing the cutting amount of the first cutting edge 12 located in the central area, and making the remaining less
- the cutting allowance is cut by the first cutting edge 12, which has the nature of roughing and finishing, which can reduce the wear of the first cutting edge 12, and can effectively improve the machining accuracy and ensure that the workpiece is processed
- the roughness of the first cutting edge 12 prolongs the service life of the tool, thereby prolonging the service life of the tool; at the same time, due to the improvement of tool machining accuracy, it is beneficial to increase the step distance of the cutting tool while meeting the machining
- the first chip flute 14 defined between the second cutting edge 13 and the first cutting edge 12 facilitates the timely discharge of the cutting chips in the top area of the tool, and avoids the cutting chips in the place.
- the top area of the cutting body 11 is backlogged to adversely affect the forming accuracy and tool life.
- the width of the first chip evacuation groove 14 on the outer peripheral surface 11b of the cutting body 11 is greater than its width on the front end surface of the cutting body 11, which can further optimize the chip evacuation ability and avoid processing heat concentration. , Improve processing accuracy and processing stability.
- the arc surface formed by the front end surface of the first cutting edge 12 and the front end surface of the second cutting edge 13 is a circular arc surface.
- the radius of R is R
- R is 0.5mm ⁇ 400mm
- the diameter of the outer peripheral surface 11b of the cutting body 11 is D
- D is 0.5mm ⁇ 100mm.
- R is 1 mm to 50 mm
- the diameter D is 2 mm to 10 mm.
- the first cutting edge 12 is provided with a chamfered edge portion 121 at the connection between the front end surface 11a and the outer peripheral surface 11b of the cutting body 11.
- the chamfered edge portion 121 has an arc shape that protrudes outwards, thereby forming a double arc structure, which is convenient for processing curved surfaces with various structural contours, thereby improving the applicability of the tool.
- the chamfered edge portion 121 is in the shape of an arc, the radius of the chamfered edge portion 121 is r, and r is 0.02 mm to 10 mm, so as to facilitate the processing of small curved surface contours. Further, the radius r of the chamfered blade portion 121 is 0.1 mm to 5 mm.
- the front end surface 11a of the cutting body 11 is a curved surface convex forward, and the height of the first cutting edge 12 and each of the second cutting edges 13 are the same, so that The front end surface of the first cutting edge 12 and the front end surface of the second cutting edge 13 form a forward convex arc surface.
- the front end surface 11a of the cutting body 11 is a flat surface, and the first cutting edge 12 is higher than the height of each second cutting edge 13, so that the first cutting edge 12 is The front end surface and the front end surface of the second cutting edge 13 form a forward convex arc surface, and the front end surface of the first cutting edge 12 protrudes.
- the first cutting edge 12 passes through the apex of the front end surface 11 a of the cutting body 11, and the cutting body 11 is symmetrically distributed with respect to the first cutting edge 12.
- the middle area of the first cutting edge 12 is mainly used to cut the workpiece with a small margin, so as to improve the machining accuracy of the contour of the workpiece.
- each of the second cutting edges 13 is symmetrically distributed with respect to the first cutting edge 12, so that each of the second cutting edges 13 can evenly share the cutting amount of the first cutting edge 12, which is more conducive to Reduce the cutting amount of the first cutting edge 12, thereby reducing the wear of the first cutting edge 12, and helping to ensure the stability of the tool during cutting operations, effectively improving the machining accuracy, ensuring the roughness of the workpiece after machining, and extending the first cutting edge The service life of 12, thereby further extending the service life of the tool.
- the second cutting edge 13 includes a first cutting section 131 and a second cutting section 132 respectively connected to both ends of the first cutting section 131.
- the first cutting section 131 is located on the front end surface 11 a of the cutting body 11, and the second cutting section 132 extends from one end of the first cutting section 131 to the rear end of the outer peripheral surface 11 b of the cutting body 11.
- the first cutting section 131 and the first cutting edge 12 are set to be straight edges, and the second cutting section 132 is set in a spiral shape and located in the first cutting section 131.
- the rotation directions of the two second cutting segments 132 at both ends are opposite, and the rotation directions of the second cutting segments 132 corresponding to both sides of the first cutting edge 12 are also opposite, so that the first The width of the chip flute 14 on the outer circumferential surface 11b of the cutting body 11 is greater than its width on the front end surface 11a of the cutting body 11, so that most of the margin of the workpiece can be cut to ensure the smoothness of the processed curved surface. Contour degree.
- the first cutting segment 131 may also be arranged in a spiral shape.
- the helix angle of the second cutting segment 132 in the above embodiment is 0-60°. Based on the helix angle range, the strength, sharpness, and cutting force of the second cutting edge 13 are all ideal, and Able to ensure chip removal speed. Further, the helix angle of the second cutting segment 132 is 5°-30°, preferably 5°, 10°, 15°, 20° or 30°.
- the distance between the two sides of the cutting edge is defined as the edge width, the edge width of the first cutting edge 12 is W1, and the edge width of the second cutting edge 13 is W2, where W1 W2 and W2 are both 0.005mm ⁇ 0.2mm; the groove depth of the first chip flute 14 is set to 0.02mm ⁇ 1mm, so as to ensure that the chips can be smoothly discharged from the first chip flute 14 during the cutting process. Further, W1 and W2 are both 0.01 mm to 0.1 mm, and the groove depth of the first chip flute is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.
- the outer surface of the cutting body 11 is also provided with the outermost
- the cutting edge groups 15 outside the two second cutting edges 13 are respectively provided with the cutting edge groups 15 on the upper and lower sides of the first cutting edge 12.
- the cutting edge group 15 includes a plurality of third cutting edges 151, between two adjacent third cutting edges 151, and the third cutting edge 151 and the second cutting edge 13 adjacent thereto.
- a second chip flute 16 is defined between them.
- the cutting amount can be evenly distributed to reduce single-tooth Processing depth, thereby further reducing the cutting amount of the first cutting edge 12, reducing its wear, and achieving the purpose of effectively improving the processing accuracy and ensuring the surface roughness of the workpiece.
- the third cutting edge 151 Through the arrangement of the third cutting edge 151, the production of machining marks can be avoided, and the step distance of the tool can be increased under the premise of ensuring the machining accuracy, thereby further improving the machining efficiency.
- the cutting tool of this embodiment It can reach twice the step distance of the spherical milling cutter, the processing efficiency has doubled, and the roughness can be increased to 200-300nm, which is impossible for the spherical milling cutter.
- each of the third cutting edges 151 is symmetrically distributed with respect to the first cutting edge 12, which can ensure the stability of the tool during the cutting and rotation process, and it is also conducive to uniform distribution. Cutting amount to ensure machining accuracy.
- each of the third cutting edges 151 has a spiral shape, and the spiral arrangement can ensure a sufficiently large cutting force to improve processing efficiency.
- each of the third cutting edges 151 may also be a straight edge.
- the cutting edge group 15 has a symmetrical structure, which is beneficial to evenly distributing the cutting amount and ensuring machining accuracy. Further, each of the third cutting edges 151 located on one side of the symmetrical centerline of the cutting edge group 15 and each of the third cutting edges 151 located on the other side of the symmetrical centerline of the cutting edge group 15 The direction of rotation is opposite, which can further improve the machining accuracy and improve the wear resistance of the tool to extend the service life of the tool.
- the cutting edge group 15 further includes at least two fourth cutting edges 152, and each of the fourth cutting edges 152 is provided on two sides of the symmetrical centerline of the cutting edge group 15 respectively. It is arranged close to its symmetrical centerline, which can increase the cutting amount of the cutting edge group 15, so as to reduce the cutting amount of the first cutting edge 12, and at the same time, it can further improve the uniformity of the cutting edge in the central area of the cutting body 11;
- a third chip flute 17 is defined between adjacent to the fourth cutting edge 152 and between the fourth cutting edge 152 and the third cutting edge 151 adjacent thereto.
- the overall structure of the fourth cutting edge 152 can be set to be in the same direction as the third cutting edge 151 on the same side. It is also possible to set the portion of the fourth cutting edge 152 located on the front end surface 11a of the cutting body 11 as a straight edge, and set the portion located on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body 11 into a spiral shape, and The direction of rotation of this part is the same as the direction of rotation of the third cutting edge 151 located on the same side of the center line of symmetry of the cutting edge group 15.
- the portion of the fourth cutting edge 152 located on the front end surface 11a of the cutting body 11 is a straight edge, and the portion located on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body 11 is spiral, and the direction of rotation is the same as
- the third cutting edge 151 on the side has the same direction of rotation, so as the auxiliary cutting edge located on the front end surface 11a of the cutting body 11, it passes through the spiral edge of the third cutting edge 151 and the straight edge portion of the fourth cutting edge 152
- the cutting force can be further improved, the cutting amount can be evenly distributed, the machining accuracy can be improved, and the wear resistance of the tool can be further improved.
- the helix angle of the third cutting edge 151 is 0-60°, and the helix angle of each third cutting edge 151 on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body 11 is from the middle
- the helix angle of the third cutting edge 151 is further from 5° to 30°
- the helix angle of the portion of the fourth cutting edge 152 located on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body 11 is 0-60°, and smaller than the helix angle of each of the third cutting edges 151, which can improve the wear resistance of the tool and ensure the machining accuracy
- the fourth cutting edge 152 is located at the portion of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body 11
- the helix angle is further from 5° to 30°.
- one end of the third cutting edge 151 is connected to the second cutting edge 13, and the other end of the third cutting edge 151 is disposed on the outer peripheral surface 11 b of the cutting body 11.
- the cutting edge group 15 includes six third cutting edges 151 and two fourth cutting edges 152 located on one side of the first cutting edge 12. It can be understood that the number of the third cutting edge 151 and the fourth cutting edge 152 can be appropriately increased according to actual needs to improve machining accuracy.
- the cutting body 11, the first cutting edge 12, the second cutting edge 13, the third cutting edge 151, and the fourth cutting edge 152 are integrally formed, which not only facilitates the formation of each cutting edge on the cutting edge
- the outer surface of the main body 11 can ensure the overall wear resistance and overall strength of the cutting edge portion 10.
- the material of the cutting edge portion 10 is preferably polycrystalline diamond.
- the tool with the monolithic polycrystalline diamond structure has greatly improved wear resistance and effectively improves the machining accuracy. And processing efficiency, and can extend the life of the tool.
- the material of the cutting edge portion 10 can also be set to single crystal diamond, chemical vapor deposition diamond, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride, ceramics and cemented carbide or others, which can also ensure the wear resistance of the tool.
- This embodiment also proposes a cutter head structure, which is shown in FIG. 5 for details.
- the difference from Embodiment 1 is only that the cutting body 11 in this embodiment is provided with four second cutting edges 13, namely Two second cutting edges 13 are respectively provided on both sides of the first cutting edge 12, and a fourth chip flute 18 is defined between two adjacent second cutting edges 13. It can be understood that three, four, or more than four second cutting edges 13 may also be provided on both sides of the first cutting edge 12, and the second cutting edges 13 are arranged at intervals.
- FIG. 6 includes a tool shank 200 and the tool head structure 100 in the above-mentioned embodiment.
- the rear end surface is connected to the front end of the tool handle 200. Since the cutter head structure 100 provided by the embodiment of the present invention can achieve the above technical effects, the cutting tool equipped with the cutter head structure 100 should also have corresponding technical effects, which will not be repeated here.
- the cutting tool in the embodiment of the present invention is mainly used for processing small curved surface contours. Since the front end surface 11a of the cutting body 11 is a curved surface, and its outer peripheral surface 11b is a cylindrical surface, it is beneficial to the processing of small curved surface contours. .
- the second cutting edge 13, the third cutting edge 151, and the fourth cutting edge 152 can remove most of the cutting amount in the workpiece during the rotation and feeding process, and the remaining small part of the cutting amount is cut by the first cutting edge 12.
- the nature of roughing and finishing, and the waste generated during the milling process is discharged through the first chip flute 14, the second chip flute 16 and the third chip flute 17, respectively.
- the present invention provides a cutting tool and its bit structure.
- the outer surface of the cutting main body 11 is provided with a first cutting edge 12 and a plurality of cutting edges respectively arranged on both sides of the first cutting edge 12
- the outer peripheral surface of the second cutting edge 13 is a cylindrical surface, and the front end surface of the first cutting edge 12 and the front end surface of the second cutting edge 13 form a forward convex arc surface to facilitate the processing of small curved surface contours;
- the cutting edge 13 cooperates with the main cutting, which can reduce the wear of the first cutting edge 12, effectively improve the roughness of the complex 3D small curved surface, and extend the service life of the tool; at the same time, due to the improvement of the tool processing accuracy, it is beneficial to increase the step of the cutting tool.
- the width of the first chip flute 14 defined between the second cutting edge 13 and the first cutting edge 12 on the outer circumferential surface of the cutting body 11 is greater than that on the cutting body 11
- the width of the front end surface can optimize the chip removal ability and avoid the accumulation of cutting chips on the top area of the cutting body 11 to adversely affect the forming accuracy and tool life.
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Abstract
Disclosed is a tool bit structure, comprising a cutting edge part (10), wherein the cutting edge part (10) comprises a cutting main body (11), and an outer surface of the cutting main body (11) comprises a front end face (11a) and an outer peripheral face (11b) connected to the front end face, the outer peripheral face (11b) being a cylindrical face. The outer surface of the cutting main body (11) is provided with a first cutting edge (12) and at least two second cutting edges (13) respectively arranged on two sides of the first cutting edge, wherein front end faces of the first cutting edge (12) and the second cutting edges (13) form arc faces protruding forwards; the first cutting edge (12) extends from one side of the outer peripheral face (11b) of the cutting main body to a center area of the front end face of the first cutting edge and then extends to the other side of the outer peripheral face (11b) of the cutting main body, and a first chip discharge groove (14) is provided between the first cutting edge (12) and the second cutting edge (13) adjacent thereto. The structure can improve the machining roughness of a 3D complex small curved surface contour, can facilitate increasing a step pitch of a cutting tool and improving the machining efficiency, and can reduce tool wear so as to prolong the service life of the tool. Further disclosed is a cutting tool comprising the tool bit structure.
Description
本实用新型涉及精密加工技术领域,特别是涉及一种切削刀具及其刀头结构。The utility model relates to the technical field of precision machining, in particular to a cutting tool and its bit structure.
现有技术中,待加工工件具有较多弧面需要加工,而在使用传统球形铣刀加工弧面的过程中,穿过铣刀顶部中心点设置的主切削刃受力集中,磨损较快,影响刀具使用寿命,且导致加工不稳定,造成同批工件的表面粗糙度及轮廓度存在差异,质量难以得到保证。为解决该问题,目前有的技术方案在主切削刃两侧设置副切削刃来辅助切削,减小第一切削刃的切削量,但这种方案也存在不足:第一,受球形铣刀加工粗糙度和轮廓度的影响,为保证加工精度,其步距的设置势必受限,导致影响加工效率;第二,受球形铣刀顶部的弧度影响,在加工小曲面轮廓时,副切削刃为主切削刃分担的切削量较少,主切削刃仍需承受较大部分的切削量,造成主切削刃磨损较重,加工出来工件的轮廓度和粗糙度欠佳;第三,铣刀顶部的切削刃过于密集,加工中会产生大量切削屑,造成切削屑难以及时排除,使得加工热集中,影响铣刀的寿命、加工精度以及加工稳定性。In the prior art, the workpiece to be machined has many arc surfaces that need to be processed. In the process of using traditional spherical milling cutters to process arc surfaces, the main cutting edge provided through the center point of the top of the milling cutter is concentrated and wears quickly. It affects the service life of the tool and leads to unstable processing, resulting in differences in the surface roughness and profile of the same batch of workpieces, and the quality is difficult to guarantee. In order to solve this problem, some current technical solutions are provided with secondary cutting edges on both sides of the main cutting edge to assist cutting and reduce the cutting amount of the first cutting edge. However, this solution also has shortcomings: First, it is subject to spherical milling cutter processing. The influence of roughness and profile, in order to ensure the machining accuracy, the setting of the step distance is bound to be limited, which will affect the machining efficiency; second, affected by the curvature of the top of the spherical milling cutter, when machining small curved contours, the secondary cutting edge is The cutting amount shared by the main cutting edge is less, and the main cutting edge still needs to bear a larger part of the cutting amount, resulting in heavier wear of the main cutting edge, and poor profile and roughness of the processed workpiece; third, the top of the milling cutter If the cutting edges are too dense, a large amount of cutting chips will be generated during processing, which will make it difficult to remove the cutting chips in time, which will cause heat concentration in the processing, which will affect the life, processing accuracy and processing stability of the milling cutter.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型的目的是提供一种切削刀具,其能够提高小曲面轮廓的加工精度,有利于增大切削刀具的步距,从而提高加工效率,且能减小刀具磨损以延长刀具的使用寿命。The purpose of the utility model is to provide a cutting tool, which can improve the machining accuracy of small curved surface contours, is beneficial to increase the step distance of the cutting tool, thereby improving the processing efficiency, and can reduce the tool wear to prolong the service life of the tool.
为了实现上述目的,本实用新型的一个方面,提供了一种刀头结构,其包括切削刃部,所述切削刃部包括切削主体,所述切削主体的外表面包括前端面和与前端面连接的外周面,所述切削主体的外周面 为圆柱面,所述切削主体的外表面设有第一切削刃和至少两个第二切削刃,所述第一切削刃的前端面和所述第二切削刃的前端面形成向前凸起的弧面;In order to achieve the above objective, one aspect of the present invention provides a cutter head structure, which includes a cutting edge portion, the cutting edge portion includes a cutting main body, the outer surface of the cutting main body includes a front end surface and connected to the front end surface The outer peripheral surface of the cutting body is a cylindrical surface, the outer surface of the cutting body is provided with a first cutting edge and at least two second cutting edges, the front end surface of the first cutting edge and the first cutting edge The front end faces of the two cutting edges form a curved surface convex forward;
所述第一切削刃从所述切削主体的外周面的一侧延伸至所述切削主体的前端面的中心区域后,再延伸至所述切削主体的外周面的另一侧,各所述第二切削刃分别设于所述第一切削刃的两侧,所述第一切削刃和与其相邻的所述第二切削刃之间限定有第一排屑槽。The first cutting edge extends from one side of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting main body to the central area of the front end surface of the cutting main body, and then extends to the other side of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting main body. Two cutting edges are respectively arranged on both sides of the first cutting edge, and a first chip flute is defined between the first cutting edge and the adjacent second cutting edge.
作为优选方案,所述第一切削刃的前端面和所述第二切削刃的前端面所形成的弧面为圆弧面,其半径R为0.5mm~400mm,所述切削主体的外周面的直径D为0.5mm~100mm。As a preferred solution, the arc surface formed by the front end surface of the first cutting edge and the front end surface of the second cutting edge is a circular arc surface with a radius R of 0.5 mm to 400 mm. The diameter D is 0.5mm-100mm.
作为优选方案,所述第一切削刃的前端面和所述第二切削刃的前端面所形成的弧面的半径R为1mm~50mm;所述切削主体的外周面的直径D为2mm~10mm。As a preferred solution, the radius R of the arc surface formed by the front end surface of the first cutting edge and the front end surface of the second cutting edge is 1mm-50mm; the diameter D of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body is 2mm-10mm .
作为优选方案,所述第一排屑槽在所述切削主体的外周面上的宽度大于其在所述切削主体的前端面上的宽度。As a preferred solution, the width of the first chip flute on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body is greater than its width on the front end surface of the cutting body.
作为优选方案,所述第一切削刃位于所述切削主体的前端面和外周面的连接处的部分设有倒角刃部,所述倒角刃部呈向外凸出的弧形。As a preferred solution, the portion of the first cutting edge located at the connection between the front end surface and the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body is provided with a chamfered edge portion, and the chamfered edge portion is in an arc shape that protrudes outward.
作为优选方案,所述倒角刃部呈圆弧状,所述倒角刃部的半径r为0.02mm~10mm。As a preferred solution, the chamfered blade portion is arc-shaped, and the radius r of the chamfered blade portion is 0.02 mm to 10 mm.
作为优选方案,所述倒角刃部的半径r为0.1mm~5mm。As a preferred solution, the radius r of the chamfered edge portion is 0.1 mm to 5 mm.
作为优选方案,所述切削主体的前端面为向前凸起的弧面,所述第一切削刃和各所述第二切削刃的高度相同。As a preferred solution, the front end surface of the cutting body is a forwardly convex arc surface, and the height of the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge are the same.
作为优选方案,所述第一切削刃通过所述切削主体的前端面的顶点,且所述切削主体关于所述第一切削刃呈对称分布。As a preferred solution, the first cutting edge passes through the apex of the front end surface of the cutting body, and the cutting body is symmetrically distributed with respect to the first cutting edge.
作为优选方案,各所述第二切削刃关于所述第一切削刃呈对称分布。As a preferred solution, each of the second cutting edges is symmetrically distributed with respect to the first cutting edge.
作为优选方案,所述第二切削刃包括第一切削段及分别连接所述 第一切削段的两端的第二切削段,所述第一切削段位于所述切削主体的前端面上,所述第二切削段从所述第一切削段的端部向所述切削主体的外周面的后端延伸;As a preferred solution, the second cutting edge includes a first cutting segment and a second cutting segment respectively connecting two ends of the first cutting segment, the first cutting segment is located on the front end surface of the cutting body, and The second cutting segment extends from the end of the first cutting segment to the rear end of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body;
各所述第二切削段为螺旋状,位于所述第一切削段两端的两个所述第二切削段的旋向相反,且位于所述第一切削刃的两侧相对应的各所述第二切削段的旋向也相反。Each of the second cutting segments is helical, and the two second cutting segments located at both ends of the first cutting segment have opposite directions of rotation, and are located on both sides of the first cutting edge. The direction of rotation of the second cutting segment is also reversed.
作为优选方案,所述第一切削段为直刃,所述第二切削段的螺旋角为0~60°。As a preferred solution, the first cutting segment is a straight edge, and the helix angle of the second cutting segment is 0-60°.
作为优选方案,所述第二切削段的螺旋角为5°~30°。As a preferred solution, the helix angle of the second cutting segment is 5°-30°.
作为优选方案,所述第一切削刃的两侧分别设置有一所述第二切削刃。As a preferred solution, the second cutting edge is provided on both sides of the first cutting edge.
作为优选方案,所述第一切削刃的刃宽W1和所述第二切削刃的刃宽W2均为0.005mm~0.2mm,所述第一排屑槽的槽深为0.02mm~1mm。As a preferred solution, the edge width W1 of the first cutting edge and the edge width W2 of the second cutting edge are both 0.005 mm to 0.2 mm, and the groove depth of the first chip flute is 0.02 mm to 1 mm.
作为优选方案,所述第一切削刃的刃宽W1和所述第二切削刃的刃宽W2均为0.01mm~0.1mm,所述第一排屑槽的槽深为0.1mm~0.5mm。As a preferred solution, the edge width W1 of the first cutting edge and the edge width W2 of the second cutting edge are both 0.01 mm to 0.1 mm, and the groove depth of the first chip flute is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.
作为优选方案,所述切削主体、所述第一切削刃及所述第二切削刃为一体成型结构。As a preferred solution, the cutting body, the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge are integrally formed.
作为优选方案,所述切削主体的外表面还设有分别位于最外侧的两个所述第二切削刃的外侧的切削刃组;As a preferred solution, the outer surface of the cutting body is further provided with cutting edge groups located outside the two outermost second cutting edges respectively;
所述切削刃组包括若干第三切削刃,相邻两个所述第三切削刃之间、以及所述第三切削刃和与其相邻的所述第二切削刃之间均限定有第二排屑槽。The cutting edge group includes a plurality of third cutting edges, and a second cutting edge is defined between two adjacent third cutting edges, and between the third cutting edge and the second cutting edge adjacent thereto. Chip flutes.
作为优选方案,各所述第三切削刃关于所述第一切削刃呈对称分布。As a preferred solution, each of the third cutting edges is symmetrically distributed with respect to the first cutting edge.
作为优选方案,各所述第三切削刃均呈螺旋状。As a preferred solution, each of the third cutting edges has a spiral shape.
作为优选方案,所述切削刃组为对称结构。As a preferred solution, the cutting edge group has a symmetrical structure.
作为优选方案,位于所述切削刃组的对称中心线一侧的各所述第三切削刃与位于所述切削刃组的对称中心线的另一侧的各所述第三切削刃的旋向相反。As a preferred solution, the rotation direction of each of the third cutting edges located on one side of the symmetrical centerline of the cutting edge group and each of the third cutting edges located on the other side of the symmetrical centerline of the cutting edge group in contrast.
作为优选方案,所述切削刃组还包括至少两个第四切削刃,各所述第四切削刃分别设于所述切削刃组的对称中心线的两侧,且靠近其对称中心线设置;相邻所述第四切削刃之间、以及所述第四切削刃和与其相邻的所述第三切削刃之间均限定有第三排屑槽。As a preferred solution, the cutting edge group further includes at least two fourth cutting edges, each of the fourth cutting edges is respectively arranged on both sides of the symmetrical centerline of the cutting edge group, and is arranged close to the symmetrical centerline; A third chip flute is defined between the adjacent fourth cutting edges and between the fourth cutting edge and the third cutting edge adjacent thereto.
作为优选方案,所述第四切削刃位于所述切削主体的前端面的部分呈直刃;所述第四切削刃位于所述切削主体的外周面的部分呈螺旋状,且其旋向与位于所述切削刃组的对称中心线同侧的所述第三切削刃的旋向相同。As a preferred solution, the portion of the fourth cutting edge located on the front end surface of the cutting body is a straight edge; the portion of the fourth cutting edge located on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body is helical, and its rotation direction is The rotation directions of the third cutting edges on the same side of the symmetric center line of the cutting edge group are the same.
作为优选方案,所述第三切削刃的螺旋角为0~60°,各所述第三切削刃在所述切削主体的外周面的部分的螺旋角从中间至两侧逐渐增大。As a preferred solution, the helix angle of the third cutting edge is 0-60°, and the helix angle of each third cutting edge on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body gradually increases from the middle to both sides.
作为优选方案,所述第四切削刃位于所述切削主体的外周面的部分的螺旋角为0~60°,且小于各所述第三切削刃的螺旋角。As a preferred solution, the helix angle of the portion of the fourth cutting edge located on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body is 0-60°, and is smaller than the helix angle of each of the third cutting edges.
作为优选方案,所述第三切削刃的一端与所述第二切削刃相连,所述第三切削刃的另一端设置于所述切削主体的外周面。As a preferred solution, one end of the third cutting edge is connected to the second cutting edge, and the other end of the third cutting edge is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body.
作为优选方案,所述切削刃部的材质为聚晶金刚石、单晶金刚石、化学气相沉积金刚石、聚晶立方氮化硼、陶瓷及硬质合金中的任一种。As a preferred solution, the material of the cutting edge portion is any one of polycrystalline diamond, single crystal diamond, chemical vapor deposition diamond, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride, ceramic, and cemented carbide.
为实现相同的目的,本实用新型的另一方面,还提供一种切削刀具,其包括刀具柄部及上述任一技术方案中的所述刀头结构,所述切削主体的后端面连接于所述刀具柄部的前端。In order to achieve the same purpose, another aspect of the present invention also provides a cutting tool, which includes a tool shank and the tool head structure in any of the above technical solutions, and the rear end surface of the cutting body is connected to the cutting tool. The front end of the tool shank.
相较于现有技术,本实用新型的有益效果在于:Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本实用新型的切削刀具,其在的切削主体的外表面设置有第一切削刃和分别设于第一切削刃两侧的若干第二切削刃,其中,切削主体 的外表面包括前端面和与前端面连接的外周面,其外周面为圆柱面,第一切削刃的前端面和第二切削刃的前端面形成向前凸起的弧面,以利于小曲面轮廓的加工,第一切削刃从切削主体外周面的一侧延伸至切削主体的前端面的中心区域后再延伸至另一侧;这样在加工小曲面轮廓过程中,通过第二切削刃进行切削加工以切削大部分余量,减小位于中心区域的第一切削刃的切削量,使剩余较少的切削余量通过第一切削刃切削加工,具有先粗加工后精加工的性质,由此能减少第一切削刃的磨损,且能够有效提高加工精度,保证工件加工后的粗糙度,延长第一切削刃的寿命,从而延长刀具的使用寿命;同时,由于刀具加工精度的提高,有利于在满足加工精度要求的情况下,增大切削刀具的步距,从而可大幅提高加工效率;再者,第二切削刃与第一切削刃之间限定的第一排屑槽,能够有利于排屑,避免切削屑在切削主体的顶部区域积压以对成型精度及刀具寿命造成的不利影响。The cutting tool of the utility model is provided with a first cutting edge and a plurality of second cutting edges respectively arranged on both sides of the first cutting edge on the outer surface of the cutting body. The outer surface of the cutting body includes a front end surface and a The outer peripheral surface connected by the front end surface is a cylindrical surface. The front end surface of the first cutting edge and the front end surface of the second cutting edge form a forward convex arc surface to facilitate the processing of small curved surfaces. The first cutting edge It extends from one side of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body to the central area of the front end surface of the cutting body and then to the other side; in this way, in the process of processing small curved surfaces, the second cutting edge is used for cutting to cut most of the margin, Reduce the cutting amount of the first cutting edge located in the central area, so that the remaining less cutting margin is cut through the first cutting edge, which has the nature of roughing and finishing, thereby reducing the wear of the first cutting edge , And can effectively improve the machining accuracy, ensure the roughness of the workpiece after machining, extend the life of the first cutting edge, thereby prolonging the life of the tool; at the same time, due to the improvement of the machining accuracy of the tool, it is beneficial to meet the requirements of machining accuracy , Increase the step distance of the cutting tool, which can greatly improve the processing efficiency; in addition, the first chip flute defined between the second cutting edge and the first cutting edge can facilitate chip evacuation and avoid cutting chips in the cutting body The top area is backlogged to adversely affect the forming accuracy and tool life.
图1是本实用新型实施例一提供的一种刀头结构的立体结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a cutter head structure provided by the first embodiment of the present invention;
图2是图1的俯视图;Figure 2 is a top view of Figure 1;
图3是图2的主视图;Figure 3 is a front view of Figure 2;
图4是图2的左视图;Figure 4 is a left side view of Figure 2;
图5是本实用新型实施例二提供的一种刀头结构的立体结构示意图;FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a cutter head structure provided by the second embodiment of the present invention;
图6是本实用新型实施例提供的一种切削刀具的立体结构示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a cutting tool provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
其中,100、刀头结构;10、切削刃部;11、切削主体;11a、切削主体的前端面;11b、切削主体的外周面;12、第一切削刃;121、倒角刃部;13、第二切削刃;131、第一切削段;132、第二切削段;14、第一排屑槽;15、切削刃组;151、第三切削刃;152、第四切削刃;16、第二排屑槽;17、第三排屑槽;18、第四排屑槽;200、刀 具柄部。Among them, 100, cutter head structure; 10, cutting edge portion; 11, cutting main body; 11a, the front end surface of the cutting main body; 11b, the outer peripheral surface of the cutting main body; 12, the first cutting edge; 121, the chamfering edge portion; 13 , The second cutting edge; 131, the first cutting segment; 132, the second cutting segment; 14, the first chip flute; 15, the cutting edge group; 151, the third cutting edge; 152, the fourth cutting edge; 16. The second chip flute; 17, the third chip flute; 18, the fourth chip flute; 200, the tool shank.
下面结合附图和实施例,对本实用新型的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本实用新型,但不用来限制本实用新型的范围。The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present utility model, but are not used to limit the scope of the present utility model.
在本实用新型的描述中,应当理解的是,术语“前”、“后”指的是切削刀具在切削过程中,靠近于加工工件的一端为“前”,而背离加工工件的一端为“后”。另外,需要说明的是,本实用新型中术语“切削主体的前端面的中心区域”指的是包括切削主体的前端面上的中心点且距离切削主体的前端面的中心点较近的区域位置”,“切削主体的前端面的顶点”指的是切削刀具在切削过程中,切削主体的前端面上与刀具柄部距离最远的位置,“切削主体的前端面的顶部区域”指的是切削主体的外表面上包括切削主体的前端面的顶点且距离切削主体的前端面的顶点较近的区域位置。此外,本实用新型采用术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等来描述各种信息,仅用于将同一类型的信息彼此区分开,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the terms "front" and "rear" refer to the end of the cutting tool that is close to the workpiece during the cutting process as "front", and the end away from the workpiece as "front" Rear". In addition, it should be noted that the term "central area of the front end surface of the cutting body" in the present invention refers to the position of the area that includes the center point on the front end surface of the cutting main body and is close to the center point of the front end surface of the cutting main body ", "The apex of the front face of the cutting body" refers to the position of the cutting tool at the farthest distance from the tool shank on the front face of the cutting body during the cutting process. "The top area of the front face of the cutting body" refers to The outer surface of the cutting body includes the apex of the front end surface of the cutting body and the location of the region close to the apex of the front end surface of the cutting body. In addition, the present invention adopts the terms "first", "second", and "third" To describe various information, it is only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
本实用新型的一个方面,提供一种刀头结构,具体实施方式如下:In one aspect of the present invention, a cutter head structure is provided, and the specific implementation is as follows:
实施例一Example one
请参阅图1至图4所示,作为本实用新型提供的一种刀头结构100的优选实施例,其包括切削刃部10,其中,所述切削刃部10包括切削主体11,所述切削主体11的外表面包括前端面11a和与前端面11a连接的外周面11b,所述切削主体11的外周面11b为圆柱面,所述切削主体11的外表面设有第一切削刃12和至少两个第二切削刃13;所述第一切削刃12从所述切削主体11的外周面11b的一侧延伸至所述切削主体11的前端面的顶部区域后,再延伸至所述切削主体11的外周面11b的另一侧,各所述第二切削刃13分别设于所述第一切削刃12的两侧,所述第一切削刃12的前端面和第二切削刃13的 前端面形成向前凸起的弧面,以利于小曲面轮廓的加工,所述第一切削刃12和与其相邻的所述第二切削刃13之间限定有第一排屑槽14。1 to 4, as a preferred embodiment of a cutter head structure 100 provided by the present invention, it includes a cutting edge portion 10, wherein the cutting edge portion 10 includes a cutting body 11, the cutting The outer surface of the main body 11 includes a front end surface 11a and an outer peripheral surface 11b connected to the front end surface 11a. The outer peripheral surface 11b of the cutting main body 11 is a cylindrical surface. The outer surface of the cutting main body 11 is provided with a first cutting edge 12 and at least Two second cutting edges 13; the first cutting edge 12 extends from one side of the outer peripheral surface 11b of the cutting body 11 to the top area of the front end surface of the cutting body 11, and then extends to the cutting body On the other side of the outer peripheral surface 11b of 11, each of the second cutting edges 13 is provided on both sides of the first cutting edge 12, the front end surface of the first cutting edge 12 and the front end of the second cutting edge 13 The surface forms a forward convex arc surface to facilitate the processing of a small curved surface. A first chip flute 14 is defined between the first cutting edge 12 and the adjacent second cutting edge 13.
基于上述技术特征的刀头结构,切削主体11的外表面设置有第一切削刃12和若干第二切削刃13,从图2示出的俯视图可以看出,所述第一切削刃12经过所述切削主体11的中心区域,且示出了包括两个所述第二切削刃13的具体实施例,该两个所述第二切削刃13分别设于所述第一切削刃12的两侧,这样,在加工例如小曲面轮廓时,通过所述第二切削刃13进行切削作业以切削大部分余量,减小位于中心区域的所述第一切削刃12的切削量,使剩余较少的切削余量通过所述第一切削刃12切削加工,具有先粗加工后精加工的性质,由此能减少所述第一切削刃12的磨损,且能够有效提高加工精度,保证工件加工后的粗糙度,延长所述第一切削刃12的使用寿命,从而延长刀具的使用寿命;同时,由于刀具加工精度的提高,有利于在满足加工精度要求的情况下,增大切削刀具的步距,相对于球形铣刀可大幅提高加工效率。Based on the above-mentioned technical feature of the cutter head structure, the outer surface of the cutting body 11 is provided with a first cutting edge 12 and a number of second cutting edges 13, as can be seen from the top view shown in FIG. The central area of the cutting body 11 shows a specific embodiment including two second cutting edges 13, the two second cutting edges 13 are respectively provided on both sides of the first cutting edge 12 In this way, when machining small curved contours, for example, the second cutting edge 13 performs cutting operations to cut most of the margin, reducing the cutting amount of the first cutting edge 12 located in the central area, and making the remaining less The cutting allowance is cut by the first cutting edge 12, which has the nature of roughing and finishing, which can reduce the wear of the first cutting edge 12, and can effectively improve the machining accuracy and ensure that the workpiece is processed The roughness of the first cutting edge 12 prolongs the service life of the tool, thereby prolonging the service life of the tool; at the same time, due to the improvement of tool machining accuracy, it is beneficial to increase the step distance of the cutting tool while meeting the machining accuracy requirements. , Compared with the spherical milling cutter, the machining efficiency can be greatly improved.
而且,在本实施例中,所述第二切削刃13与所述第一切削刃12之间所限定的第一排屑槽14,利于刀具顶部区域的切削屑及时排出,避免切削屑在所述切削主体11的顶部区域积压以对成型精度及刀具寿命造成的不利影响。进一步地,所述第一排屑槽14在所述切削主体11的外周面11b上的宽度大于其在所述切削主体11的前端面上的宽度,能够进一步优化排屑能力,避免加工热集中,提高加工精度和加工稳定性。Moreover, in this embodiment, the first chip flute 14 defined between the second cutting edge 13 and the first cutting edge 12 facilitates the timely discharge of the cutting chips in the top area of the tool, and avoids the cutting chips in the place. The top area of the cutting body 11 is backlogged to adversely affect the forming accuracy and tool life. Further, the width of the first chip evacuation groove 14 on the outer peripheral surface 11b of the cutting body 11 is greater than its width on the front end surface of the cutting body 11, which can further optimize the chip evacuation ability and avoid processing heat concentration. , Improve processing accuracy and processing stability.
优选地,在本实施例中,参阅图3所示,所述第一切削刃12的前端面和所述第二切削刃13的前端面所形成的弧面为圆弧面,该圆弧面的半径为R,R为0.5mm~400mm,所述切削主体11的外周面11b的直径为D,D为0.5mm~100mm,基于该范围内的刀头结构,加工小曲面轮廓时能够保证加工精度,R和D的具体尺寸可以根据所 加工曲面的曲率大小来确定。进一步地,R为1mm~50mm,直径D为2mm~10mm。Preferably, in this embodiment, referring to FIG. 3, the arc surface formed by the front end surface of the first cutting edge 12 and the front end surface of the second cutting edge 13 is a circular arc surface. The radius of R is R, R is 0.5mm ~ 400mm, the diameter of the outer peripheral surface 11b of the cutting body 11 is D, and D is 0.5mm ~ 100mm. Based on the cutter head structure in this range, the machining of small curved contours can be guaranteed Accuracy, the specific dimensions of R and D can be determined according to the curvature of the machined surface. Further, R is 1 mm to 50 mm, and the diameter D is 2 mm to 10 mm.
作为优选的实施方式,请结合图1和图3所示,所述第一切削刃12位于所述切削主体11的前端面11a和外周面11b的连接处的部分设有倒角刃部121,所述倒角刃部121呈向外凸出的弧形,由此形成双圆弧结构,便于加工结构轮廓多样的曲面,从而提高刀具的适用性。As a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the first cutting edge 12 is provided with a chamfered edge portion 121 at the connection between the front end surface 11a and the outer peripheral surface 11b of the cutting body 11. The chamfered edge portion 121 has an arc shape that protrudes outwards, thereby forming a double arc structure, which is convenient for processing curved surfaces with various structural contours, thereby improving the applicability of the tool.
优选地,在实施例中,所述倒角刃部121呈圆弧状,所述倒角刃部121的半径为r,r为0.02mm~10mm,以利于加工小曲面轮廓。进一步地,所述倒角刃部121的半径r为0.1mm~5mm。Preferably, in an embodiment, the chamfered edge portion 121 is in the shape of an arc, the radius of the chamfered edge portion 121 is r, and r is 0.02 mm to 10 mm, so as to facilitate the processing of small curved surface contours. Further, the radius r of the chamfered blade portion 121 is 0.1 mm to 5 mm.
进一步地,在实施例中,所述切削主体11的前端面11a为向前凸起的弧面,所述第一切削刃12和各所述第二切削刃13的高度相同,如此,可使得所述第一切削刃12的前端面和第二切削刃13的前端面形成向前凸起的弧面。可以理解,作为替代方案,所述切削主体11的前端面11a为平面,所述第一切削刃12比各所述第二切削刃13的高度要高,从而使所述第一切削刃12的前端面和第二切削刃13的前端面形成向前凸起的弧面,并且使所述第一切削刃12的前端面凸出出来。Further, in an embodiment, the front end surface 11a of the cutting body 11 is a curved surface convex forward, and the height of the first cutting edge 12 and each of the second cutting edges 13 are the same, so that The front end surface of the first cutting edge 12 and the front end surface of the second cutting edge 13 form a forward convex arc surface. It can be understood that, as an alternative, the front end surface 11a of the cutting body 11 is a flat surface, and the first cutting edge 12 is higher than the height of each second cutting edge 13, so that the first cutting edge 12 is The front end surface and the front end surface of the second cutting edge 13 form a forward convex arc surface, and the front end surface of the first cutting edge 12 protrudes.
优选地,示例性地,所述第一切削刃12通过所述切削主体11的前端面11a的顶点,且所述切削主体11关于所述第一切削刃12呈对称分布。在加工曲面轮廓时,主要利用所述第一切削刃12的中间区域对工件进行小余量的切削,以提高工件轮廓的加工精度。Preferably, for example, the first cutting edge 12 passes through the apex of the front end surface 11 a of the cutting body 11, and the cutting body 11 is symmetrically distributed with respect to the first cutting edge 12. When machining the contour of the curved surface, the middle area of the first cutting edge 12 is mainly used to cut the workpiece with a small margin, so as to improve the machining accuracy of the contour of the workpiece.
具体地,各所述第二切削刃13关于所述第一切削刃12呈对称分布,如此能够通过各所述第二切削刃13均匀地分担所述第一切削刃12的切削量,更利于减小第一切削刃12的切削量,从而减少第一切削刃12的磨损,且利于保证刀具切削作业时的稳定性,有效提高加工精度,保证工件加工后的粗糙度,延长第一切削刃12的使用寿命,从而进一步延长刀具的使用寿命。Specifically, each of the second cutting edges 13 is symmetrically distributed with respect to the first cutting edge 12, so that each of the second cutting edges 13 can evenly share the cutting amount of the first cutting edge 12, which is more conducive to Reduce the cutting amount of the first cutting edge 12, thereby reducing the wear of the first cutting edge 12, and helping to ensure the stability of the tool during cutting operations, effectively improving the machining accuracy, ensuring the roughness of the workpiece after machining, and extending the first cutting edge The service life of 12, thereby further extending the service life of the tool.
继续参阅图1至图4,更具体地,所述第二切削刃13包括第一切削段131及分别连接所述第一切削段131的两端的第二切削段132,所述第一切削段131位于所述切削主体11的前端面11a上,所述第二切削段132从所述第一切削段131的一端向所述切削主体11的外周面11b的后端延伸。在本实施例中,将所述第一切削段131和所述第一切削刃12设置成直刃,同时将所述第二切削段132设为螺旋状,并且位于所述第一切削段131两端的两个所述第二切削段132的旋向相反,位于所述第一切削刃12的两侧相对应的各所述第二切削段132的旋向也相反,以使所述第一排屑槽14在所述切削主体11的外周面11b上的宽度大于其在所述切削主体11的前端面11a上的宽度,从而能够对加工工件的大部分余量进行切削,保证加工曲面的轮廓度。当然,作为替代方案,在其他实施中,所述第一切削段131也可以设置螺旋状。Continuing to refer to FIGS. 1 to 4, more specifically, the second cutting edge 13 includes a first cutting section 131 and a second cutting section 132 respectively connected to both ends of the first cutting section 131. The first cutting section 131 is located on the front end surface 11 a of the cutting body 11, and the second cutting section 132 extends from one end of the first cutting section 131 to the rear end of the outer peripheral surface 11 b of the cutting body 11. In this embodiment, the first cutting section 131 and the first cutting edge 12 are set to be straight edges, and the second cutting section 132 is set in a spiral shape and located in the first cutting section 131. The rotation directions of the two second cutting segments 132 at both ends are opposite, and the rotation directions of the second cutting segments 132 corresponding to both sides of the first cutting edge 12 are also opposite, so that the first The width of the chip flute 14 on the outer circumferential surface 11b of the cutting body 11 is greater than its width on the front end surface 11a of the cutting body 11, so that most of the margin of the workpiece can be cut to ensure the smoothness of the processed curved surface. Contour degree. Of course, as an alternative, in other implementations, the first cutting segment 131 may also be arranged in a spiral shape.
优选地,上述实施例中的所述第二切削段132的螺旋角为0~60°,基于该螺旋角度范围,第二切削刃13的强度、锋利程度、切削力的大小均十分理想,且能够保证排屑速度。进一步地,所述第二切削段132的螺旋角为5°~30°,优选为5°、10°、15°、20°或者30°。Preferably, the helix angle of the second cutting segment 132 in the above embodiment is 0-60°. Based on the helix angle range, the strength, sharpness, and cutting force of the second cutting edge 13 are all ideal, and Able to ensure chip removal speed. Further, the helix angle of the second cutting segment 132 is 5°-30°, preferably 5°, 10°, 15°, 20° or 30°.
参阅图2所示,将切削刃的两侧面之间的距离定义为刃宽,所述第一切削刃12的刃宽为W1,所述第二切削刃13的刃宽为W2,其中,W1和W2均为0.005mm~0.2mm;所述第一排屑槽14的槽深设置为0.02mm~1mm,从而保证切削过程中切削屑能从第一排屑槽14顺利排出。进一步地,W1和W2均为0.01mm~0.1mm,所述第一排屑槽的槽深为0.1mm~0.5mm。Referring to Figure 2, the distance between the two sides of the cutting edge is defined as the edge width, the edge width of the first cutting edge 12 is W1, and the edge width of the second cutting edge 13 is W2, where W1 W2 and W2 are both 0.005mm~0.2mm; the groove depth of the first chip flute 14 is set to 0.02mm~1mm, so as to ensure that the chips can be smoothly discharged from the first chip flute 14 during the cutting process. Further, W1 and W2 are both 0.01 mm to 0.1 mm, and the groove depth of the first chip flute is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.
在上述结构的基础上,为了进一步减小所述第一切削刃12的切削量,在本实施例中,参阅图1至图4,所述切削主体11的外表面还设有分别位于最外侧的两个所述第二切削刃13的外侧的切削刃组15,如图2中所示,所述第一切削刃12的上下两侧分别设置有一所 述切削刃组15。其中,所述切削刃组15包括若干第三切削刃151,相邻两个所述第三切削刃151之间、以及所述第三切削刃151和与其相邻的所述第二切削刃13之间均限定有第二排屑槽16。在切削作业中,通过分布于所述第一切削刃12两侧的若干第三切削刃151作为辅助切削刃,配合各所述第二切削刃13,可以均匀分布切削量,以减少单齿的加工深度,从而进一步减小所述第一切削刃12的切削量,减少其磨损,达到有效提高加工精度,保证工件表面粗糙度的目的。通过所述第三切削刃151的设置,能够避免产生加工痕迹,在确保加工精度的前提下,提高刀具的步距,从而进一步提高加工效率,相对于传统球形铣刀,本实施例的切削刀具可以达到球形铣刀两倍的步距,加工效率提高了一倍,粗糙度可以提高到200~300nm,这是球形铣刀无法做到的。On the basis of the above structure, in order to further reduce the cutting amount of the first cutting edge 12, in this embodiment, referring to FIGS. 1 to 4, the outer surface of the cutting body 11 is also provided with the outermost As shown in FIG. 2, the cutting edge groups 15 outside the two second cutting edges 13 are respectively provided with the cutting edge groups 15 on the upper and lower sides of the first cutting edge 12. Wherein, the cutting edge group 15 includes a plurality of third cutting edges 151, between two adjacent third cutting edges 151, and the third cutting edge 151 and the second cutting edge 13 adjacent thereto. A second chip flute 16 is defined between them. In the cutting operation, by using several third cutting edges 151 distributed on both sides of the first cutting edge 12 as auxiliary cutting edges, in conjunction with each of the second cutting edges 13, the cutting amount can be evenly distributed to reduce single-tooth Processing depth, thereby further reducing the cutting amount of the first cutting edge 12, reducing its wear, and achieving the purpose of effectively improving the processing accuracy and ensuring the surface roughness of the workpiece. Through the arrangement of the third cutting edge 151, the production of machining marks can be avoided, and the step distance of the tool can be increased under the premise of ensuring the machining accuracy, thereby further improving the machining efficiency. Compared with the traditional spherical milling cutter, the cutting tool of this embodiment It can reach twice the step distance of the spherical milling cutter, the processing efficiency has doubled, and the roughness can be increased to 200-300nm, which is impossible for the spherical milling cutter.
作为优选的实施方式,在本实施例中,各所述第三切削刃151关于所述第一切削刃12呈对称分布,如此能够保证刀具在切削转动过程中的稳定性,同时也利于均匀分布切削量,从而确保加工精度。As a preferred embodiment, in this embodiment, each of the third cutting edges 151 is symmetrically distributed with respect to the first cutting edge 12, which can ensure the stability of the tool during the cutting and rotation process, and it is also conducive to uniform distribution. Cutting amount to ensure machining accuracy.
示例性地,在本实施例中,各所述第三切削刃151均呈螺旋状,螺旋状的排布能够保证足够大的切削力,以提高加工效率。当然,作为替代方案,各所述第三切削刃151也可以为直刃。Exemplarily, in this embodiment, each of the third cutting edges 151 has a spiral shape, and the spiral arrangement can ensure a sufficiently large cutting force to improve processing efficiency. Of course, as an alternative, each of the third cutting edges 151 may also be a straight edge.
优选地,所述切削刃组15为对称结构,有利于均匀分布切削量,确保加工精度。进一步地,位于所述切削刃组15的对称中心线一侧的各所述第三切削刃151与位于所述切削刃组15的对称中心线的另一侧的各所述第三切削刃151的旋向相反,这样能够进一步提高加工精度,并提高刀具的耐磨性能以延长刀具的使用寿命。Preferably, the cutting edge group 15 has a symmetrical structure, which is beneficial to evenly distributing the cutting amount and ensuring machining accuracy. Further, each of the third cutting edges 151 located on one side of the symmetrical centerline of the cutting edge group 15 and each of the third cutting edges 151 located on the other side of the symmetrical centerline of the cutting edge group 15 The direction of rotation is opposite, which can further improve the machining accuracy and improve the wear resistance of the tool to extend the service life of the tool.
进一步优选地,在本实施例中,所述切削刃组15还包括至少两个第四切削刃152,各所述第四切削刃152分别设于所述切削刃组15的对称中心线的两侧,且靠近其对称中心线设置,这样可提高切削刃组15的切削量,以利于减小第一切削刃12的切削量,同时可进一步 提高切削主体11的中心区域刀刃的均匀性;相邻所述第四切削刃152之间、以及所述第四切削刃152和与其相邻的所述第三切削刃151之间均限定有第三排屑槽17。由于所述第四切削刃152靠近所述切削刃组15的对称中心线设置,可以将所述第四切削刃152的整体结构设置成与其同侧的所述第三切削刃151相同旋向的螺旋状;也可将所述第四切削刃152位于所述切削主体11的前端面11a上的部分设为直刃,将其位于所述切削主体11的外周面的部分设成螺旋状,并且该部分的旋向与位于所述切削刃组15的对称中心线同侧的所述第三切削刃151的旋向相同。在本实施例中,所述第四切削刃152位于所述切削主体11的前端面11a上的部分为直刃,位于所述切削主体11的外周面的部分为螺旋状,并且旋向与同侧的所述第三切削刃151旋向相同,这样作为位于切削主体11的前端面11a上的辅助切削刃而言,通过第三切削刃151的螺旋刃和第四切削刃152的直刃部分相组合,可以进一步提高切削力,达到均匀分布切削量,提高加工精度的目的,从而进一步提高刀具的耐磨性能。Further preferably, in this embodiment, the cutting edge group 15 further includes at least two fourth cutting edges 152, and each of the fourth cutting edges 152 is provided on two sides of the symmetrical centerline of the cutting edge group 15 respectively. It is arranged close to its symmetrical centerline, which can increase the cutting amount of the cutting edge group 15, so as to reduce the cutting amount of the first cutting edge 12, and at the same time, it can further improve the uniformity of the cutting edge in the central area of the cutting body 11; A third chip flute 17 is defined between adjacent to the fourth cutting edge 152 and between the fourth cutting edge 152 and the third cutting edge 151 adjacent thereto. Since the fourth cutting edge 152 is located close to the symmetrical centerline of the cutting edge group 15, the overall structure of the fourth cutting edge 152 can be set to be in the same direction as the third cutting edge 151 on the same side. It is also possible to set the portion of the fourth cutting edge 152 located on the front end surface 11a of the cutting body 11 as a straight edge, and set the portion located on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body 11 into a spiral shape, and The direction of rotation of this part is the same as the direction of rotation of the third cutting edge 151 located on the same side of the center line of symmetry of the cutting edge group 15. In this embodiment, the portion of the fourth cutting edge 152 located on the front end surface 11a of the cutting body 11 is a straight edge, and the portion located on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body 11 is spiral, and the direction of rotation is the same as The third cutting edge 151 on the side has the same direction of rotation, so as the auxiliary cutting edge located on the front end surface 11a of the cutting body 11, it passes through the spiral edge of the third cutting edge 151 and the straight edge portion of the fourth cutting edge 152 In combination, the cutting force can be further improved, the cutting amount can be evenly distributed, the machining accuracy can be improved, and the wear resistance of the tool can be further improved.
同样的目的,在本实施例中,所述第三切削刃151的螺旋角为0~60°,各所述第三切削刃151在所述切削主体11的外周面的部分的螺旋角从中间至两侧逐渐增大,所述第三切削刃151的螺旋角进一步为5°~30°;进一步地,所述第四切削刃152位于所述切削主体11的外周面的部分的螺旋角为0~60°,且小于各所述第三切削刃151的螺旋角,可进一步刀具的耐磨性,且保证加工精度;所述第四切削刃152位于所述切削主体11的外周面的部分的螺旋角进一步地为5°~30°。For the same purpose, in this embodiment, the helix angle of the third cutting edge 151 is 0-60°, and the helix angle of each third cutting edge 151 on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body 11 is from the middle When the two sides gradually increase, the helix angle of the third cutting edge 151 is further from 5° to 30°; further, the helix angle of the portion of the fourth cutting edge 152 located on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body 11 is 0-60°, and smaller than the helix angle of each of the third cutting edges 151, which can improve the wear resistance of the tool and ensure the machining accuracy; the fourth cutting edge 152 is located at the portion of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body 11 The helix angle is further from 5° to 30°.
为了保证刀具的强度,所述第三切削刃151的一端与所述第二切削刃13相连,所述第三切削刃151的另一端设置于所述切削主体11的外周面11b。In order to ensure the strength of the tool, one end of the third cutting edge 151 is connected to the second cutting edge 13, and the other end of the third cutting edge 151 is disposed on the outer peripheral surface 11 b of the cutting body 11.
示例性地,在本实施例中,所述切削刃组15包括位于所述第一 切削刃12一侧的6个第三切削刃151和2个第四切削刃152。可以理解,可以根据实际需要适当增加所述第三切削刃151和第四切削刃152的数量,以提高加工精度。Illustratively, in this embodiment, the cutting edge group 15 includes six third cutting edges 151 and two fourth cutting edges 152 located on one side of the first cutting edge 12. It can be understood that the number of the third cutting edge 151 and the fourth cutting edge 152 can be appropriately increased according to actual needs to improve machining accuracy.
进一步优选地,所述切削主体11、所述第一切削刃12、所述第二切削刃13、第三切削刃151及第四切削刃152采用一体成型,不仅便于将各切削刃成型于切削主体11的外表面,且能够保证切削刃部10的整体耐磨性能及整体强度。Further preferably, the cutting body 11, the first cutting edge 12, the second cutting edge 13, the third cutting edge 151, and the fourth cutting edge 152 are integrally formed, which not only facilitates the formation of each cutting edge on the cutting edge The outer surface of the main body 11 can ensure the overall wear resistance and overall strength of the cutting edge portion 10.
本实施例中,将切削刃部10的材质优选为聚晶金刚石,整体式聚晶金刚石结构的刀具相对于传统的涂层铣刀来说,耐磨性能得到了大幅度提高,有效提高加工精度及加工效率,且能够延长刀具的使用寿命。In this embodiment, the material of the cutting edge portion 10 is preferably polycrystalline diamond. Compared with the traditional coated milling cutter, the tool with the monolithic polycrystalline diamond structure has greatly improved wear resistance and effectively improves the machining accuracy. And processing efficiency, and can extend the life of the tool.
同样地,也可将切削刃部10的材质设为单晶金刚石、化学气相沉积金刚石、聚晶立方氮化硼、陶瓷及硬质合金或者其它,同样能够保证刀具的耐磨性能。Similarly, the material of the cutting edge portion 10 can also be set to single crystal diamond, chemical vapor deposition diamond, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride, ceramics and cemented carbide or others, which can also ensure the wear resistance of the tool.
实施例二Example two
本实施例同样提出一种刀头结构,具体参阅图5所示,其与实施例一的区别仅在于,本实施例中的切削主体11上设置有四个所述第二切削刃13,即所述第一切削刃12的两侧分别设置有两个所述第二切削刃13,且相邻两个所述第二切削刃13之间限定形成有第四排屑槽18。可以理解,也可在第一切削刃12的两侧分别设置三个、四个或者四个以上的第二切削刃13,且各第二切削刃13间隔排布。This embodiment also proposes a cutter head structure, which is shown in FIG. 5 for details. The difference from Embodiment 1 is only that the cutting body 11 in this embodiment is provided with four second cutting edges 13, namely Two second cutting edges 13 are respectively provided on both sides of the first cutting edge 12, and a fourth chip flute 18 is defined between two adjacent second cutting edges 13. It can be understood that three, four, or more than four second cutting edges 13 may also be provided on both sides of the first cutting edge 12, and the second cutting edges 13 are arranged at intervals.
为实现相同的目的,本实用新型的另一方面还提供一种切削刀具,请参阅图6所示,其包括刀具柄部200及上述实施例中的刀头结构100,所述切削主体11的后端面连接于所述刀具柄部200的前端。由于本实用新型实施例提供的刀头结构100可以达到上述技术效果,配置有该刀头结构100的切削刀具也应具备相应的技术效果,在此不再赘述。To achieve the same purpose, another aspect of the present invention also provides a cutting tool. Please refer to FIG. 6, which includes a tool shank 200 and the tool head structure 100 in the above-mentioned embodiment. The rear end surface is connected to the front end of the tool handle 200. Since the cutter head structure 100 provided by the embodiment of the present invention can achieve the above technical effects, the cutting tool equipped with the cutter head structure 100 should also have corresponding technical effects, which will not be repeated here.
另外,需要说明的是,本实用新型实施例中的切削刀具主要用于加工小曲面轮廓,由于切削主体11的前端面11a为弧面,其外周面11b为圆柱面,利于小曲面轮廓的加工。第二切削刃13、第三切削刃151及第四切削刃152在转动进给过程中能够去除工件中的大部分切削量,而剩余小部分的切削量则通过第一切削刃12切削,具有先粗加工后精加工的性质,且铣削过程中所产生的废屑分别通过第一排屑槽14、第二排屑槽16及第三排屑槽17向外排出。In addition, it should be noted that the cutting tool in the embodiment of the present invention is mainly used for processing small curved surface contours. Since the front end surface 11a of the cutting body 11 is a curved surface, and its outer peripheral surface 11b is a cylindrical surface, it is beneficial to the processing of small curved surface contours. . The second cutting edge 13, the third cutting edge 151, and the fourth cutting edge 152 can remove most of the cutting amount in the workpiece during the rotation and feeding process, and the remaining small part of the cutting amount is cut by the first cutting edge 12. The nature of roughing and finishing, and the waste generated during the milling process is discharged through the first chip flute 14, the second chip flute 16 and the third chip flute 17, respectively.
综上所述,本实用新型提供的一种切削刀具及其刀头结构,其通过在的切削主体11的外表面设置有第一切削刃12和分别设于第一切削刃12两侧的若干第二切削刃13,其外周面为圆柱面,第一切削刃12的前端面和第二切削刃13的前端面形成向前凸起的弧面,以利于小曲面轮廓的加工;通过第二切削刃13配合主要切削,能减少第一切削刃12的磨损,有效提高复杂3D小曲面的粗糙度,延长刀具的使用寿命;同时,由于刀具加工精度的提高,有利于增大切削刀具的步距,从而可大幅提高加工效率;再者,第二切削刃13与第一切削刃12之间限定的第一排屑槽14在切削主体11的外周面上的宽度大于其在切削主体11的前端面上的宽度,能够优化排屑能力,避免切削屑在切削主体11的顶部区域积压以对成型精度及刀具寿命造成的不利影响。In summary, the present invention provides a cutting tool and its bit structure. The outer surface of the cutting main body 11 is provided with a first cutting edge 12 and a plurality of cutting edges respectively arranged on both sides of the first cutting edge 12 The outer peripheral surface of the second cutting edge 13 is a cylindrical surface, and the front end surface of the first cutting edge 12 and the front end surface of the second cutting edge 13 form a forward convex arc surface to facilitate the processing of small curved surface contours; The cutting edge 13 cooperates with the main cutting, which can reduce the wear of the first cutting edge 12, effectively improve the roughness of the complex 3D small curved surface, and extend the service life of the tool; at the same time, due to the improvement of the tool processing accuracy, it is beneficial to increase the step of the cutting tool. In addition, the width of the first chip flute 14 defined between the second cutting edge 13 and the first cutting edge 12 on the outer circumferential surface of the cutting body 11 is greater than that on the cutting body 11 The width of the front end surface can optimize the chip removal ability and avoid the accumulation of cutting chips on the top area of the cutting body 11 to adversely affect the forming accuracy and tool life.
以上所述仅是本实用新型的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本实用新型技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和替换,这些改进和替换也应视为本实用新型的保护范围。The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present utility model. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principles of the present utility model, several improvements and replacements can be made. These improvements And replacement should also be regarded as the protection scope of this utility model.
Claims (29)
- 一种刀头结构,其特征在于,包括切削刃部,所述切削刃部包括切削主体,所述切削主体的外表面包括前端面和与前端面连接的外周面,所述切削主体的外周面为圆柱面,所述切削主体的外表面设有第一切削刃和至少两个第二切削刃,所述第一切削刃的前端面和所述第二切削刃的前端面形成向前凸起的弧面;A cutter head structure, characterized in that it includes a cutting edge portion, the cutting edge portion includes a cutting main body, the outer surface of the cutting main body includes a front end surface and an outer peripheral surface connected to the front end surface, and the outer peripheral surface of the cutting main body It is a cylindrical surface, the outer surface of the cutting body is provided with a first cutting edge and at least two second cutting edges, and the front end surface of the first cutting edge and the front end surface of the second cutting edge form a forward protrusion Arc of所述第一切削刃从所述切削主体的外周面的一侧延伸至所述切削主体的前端面的中心区域后,再延伸至所述切削主体的外周面的另一侧,各所述第二切削刃分别设于所述第一切削刃的两侧,所述第一切削刃和与其相邻的所述第二切削刃之间限定有第一排屑槽。The first cutting edge extends from one side of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting main body to the central area of the front end surface of the cutting main body, and then extends to the other side of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting main body. Two cutting edges are respectively arranged on both sides of the first cutting edge, and a first chip flute is defined between the first cutting edge and the adjacent second cutting edge.
- 根据权利要求1所述的刀头结构,其特征在于,所述第一切削刃的前端面和所述第二切削刃的前端面所形成的弧面为圆弧面,其半径R为0.5mm~400mm,所述切削主体的外周面的直径D为0.5mm~100mm。The cutter head structure according to claim 1, wherein the arc surface formed by the front end surface of the first cutting edge and the front end surface of the second cutting edge is a circular arc surface with a radius R of 0.5 mm ~400mm, the diameter D of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body is 0.5mm-100mm.
- 根据权利要求2所述的刀头结构,其特征在于,所述第一切削刃的前端面和所述第二切削刃的前端面所形成的弧面的半径R为1mm~50mm;所述切削主体的外周面的直径D为2mm~10mm。The cutter head structure according to claim 2, wherein the radius R of the arc surface formed by the front end surface of the first cutting edge and the front end surface of the second cutting edge is 1mm-50mm; the cutting The diameter D of the outer peripheral surface of the main body is 2 mm to 10 mm.
- 根据权利要求1所述的刀头结构,其特征在于,所述第一排屑槽在所述切削主体的外周面上的宽度大于其在所述切削主体的前端面上的宽度。The cutter head structure according to claim 1, wherein the width of the first chip flute on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body is greater than its width on the front end surface of the cutting body.
- 根据权利要求1所述的刀头结构,其特征在于,所述第一切削刃位于所述切削主体的前端面和外周面的连接处的部分设有倒角刃部,所述倒角刃部呈向外凸出的弧形。The cutter head structure according to claim 1, wherein the part of the first cutting edge at the junction of the front end surface and the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body is provided with a chamfered edge portion, and the chamfered edge portion It is an arc that bulges outward.
- 根据权利要求5所述的刀头结构,其特征在于,所述倒角刃部呈圆弧状,所述倒角刃部的半径r为0.02mm~10mm。The cutter head structure according to claim 5, wherein the chamfered edge portion is arc-shaped, and the radius r of the chamfered edge portion is 0.02 mm to 10 mm.
- 根据权利要求6所述的刀头结构,其特征在于,所述倒角刃部的半径r为0.1mm~5mm。The cutter head structure according to claim 6, wherein the radius r of the chamfered edge portion is 0.1 mm to 5 mm.
- 根据权利要求1所述的刀头结构,其特征在于,所述切削主体的前端面为向前凸起的弧面,所述第一切削刃和各所述第二切削刃的高度相同。The cutter head structure according to claim 1, wherein the front end surface of the cutting body is a forwardly convex arc surface, and the height of the first cutting edge and each of the second cutting edges are the same.
- 根据权利要求8所述的刀头结构,其特征在于,所述第一切削刃通过所述切削主体的前端面的顶点,且所述切削主体关于所述第一切削刃呈对称分布。The cutter head structure according to claim 8, wherein the first cutting edge passes through the apex of the front end surface of the cutting body, and the cutting body is symmetrically distributed with respect to the first cutting edge.
- 根据权利要求9所述的刀头结构,其特征在于,各所述第二切削刃关于所述第一切削刃呈对称分布。The tool head structure according to claim 9, wherein each of the second cutting edges is symmetrically distributed with respect to the first cutting edge.
- 根据权利要求9所述的刀头结构,其特征在于,所述第二切削刃包括第一切削段及分别连接所述第一切削段的两端的第二切削段,所述第一切削段位于所述切削主体的前端面上,所述第二切削段从所述第一切削段的端部向所述切削主体的外周面的后端延伸;The cutter head structure according to claim 9, wherein the second cutting edge comprises a first cutting section and a second cutting section respectively connected to both ends of the first cutting section, and the first cutting section is located at On the front end surface of the cutting body, the second cutting section extends from the end of the first cutting section to the rear end of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body;各所述第二切削段为螺旋状,位于所述第一切削段两端的两个所述第二切削段的旋向相反,且位于所述第一切削刃的两侧相对应的各所述第二切削段的旋向也相反。Each of the second cutting segments is helical, and the two second cutting segments located at both ends of the first cutting segment have opposite directions of rotation, and are located on both sides of the first cutting edge. The direction of rotation of the second cutting segment is also reversed.
- 根据权利要求11所述的刀头结构,其特征在于,所述第一切削段为直刃,所述第二切削段的螺旋角为0~60°。The cutter head structure according to claim 11, wherein the first cutting section is a straight edge, and the helix angle of the second cutting section is 0-60°.
- 根据权利要求12所述的刀头结构,其特征在于,所述第二切削段的螺旋角为5°~30°。The cutter head structure according to claim 12, wherein the helix angle of the second cutting segment is 5°-30°.
- 根据权利要求9所述的刀头结构,其特征在于,所述第一切削刃的两侧分别设置有一所述第二切削刃。The cutter head structure according to claim 9, wherein the second cutting edge is respectively provided on both sides of the first cutting edge.
- 根据权利要求1所述的刀头结构,其特征在于,所述第一切削刃的刃宽W1和所述第二切削刃的刃宽W2均为0.005mm~0.2mm,所述第一排屑槽的槽深为0.02mm~1mm。The cutter head structure according to claim 1, wherein the edge width W1 of the first cutting edge and the edge width W2 of the second cutting edge are both 0.005mm~0.2mm, and the first chip removal The groove depth of the groove is 0.02 mm to 1 mm.
- 根据权利要求15所述的刀头结构,其特征在于,所述第一切削刃的刃宽W1和所述第二切削刃的刃宽W2均为0.01mm~0.1mm,所述第一排屑槽的槽深为0.1mm~0.5mm。The cutter head structure according to claim 15, wherein the edge width W1 of the first cutting edge and the edge width W2 of the second cutting edge are both 0.01mm~0.1mm, and the first chip removal The groove depth of the groove is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.
- 根据权利要求1所述的刀头结构,其特征在于,所述切削主体、所述第一切削刃及所述第二切削刃为一体成型结构。The cutter head structure according to claim 1, wherein the cutting body, the first cutting edge, and the second cutting edge are integrally formed.
- 根据权利要求1至17中任一项所述的刀头结构,其特征在于,所述切削主体的外表面还设有分别位于最外侧的两个所述第二切削刃的外侧的切削刃组;The cutter head structure according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the outer surface of the cutting body is further provided with cutting edge groups located outside the two outermost second cutting edges. ;所述切削刃组包括若干第三切削刃,相邻两个所述第三切削刃之间、以及所述第三切削刃和与其相邻的所述第二切削刃之间均限定有第二排屑槽。The cutting edge group includes a plurality of third cutting edges, and a second cutting edge is defined between two adjacent third cutting edges, and between the third cutting edge and the second cutting edge adjacent thereto. Chip flute.
- 根据权利要求18所述的刀头结构,其特征在于,各所述第三切削刃关于所述第一切削刃呈对称分布。The tool head structure according to claim 18, wherein each of the third cutting edges is symmetrically distributed with respect to the first cutting edge.
- 根据权利要求18所述的刀头结构,其特征在于,各所述第三切削刃均呈螺旋状。The cutter head structure according to claim 18, wherein each of the third cutting edges has a spiral shape.
- 根据权利要求20所述的刀头结构,其特征在于,所述切削刃组为轴对称结构。The cutter head structure according to claim 20, wherein the cutting edge group is an axisymmetric structure.
- 根据权利要求21所述的刀头结构,其特征在于,位于所述切削刃组的对称中心线一侧的各所述第三切削刃与位于所述切削刃组的对称中心线的另一侧的各所述第三切削刃的旋向相反。The cutter head structure according to claim 21, wherein each of the third cutting edges located on one side of the symmetrical centerline of the cutting edge group is on the other side of the symmetrical centerline of the cutting edge group The direction of rotation of each of the third cutting edges is opposite.
- 根据权利要求21所述的刀头结构,其特征在于,所述切削刃组还包括至少两个第四切削刃,各所述第四切削刃分别设于所述切削刃组的对称中心线的两侧,且靠近其对称中心线设置;相邻所述第四切削刃之间、以及所述第四切削刃和与其相邻的所述第三切削刃之间均限定有第三排屑槽。The cutter head structure according to claim 21, wherein the cutting edge group further comprises at least two fourth cutting edges, and each of the fourth cutting edges is respectively disposed on the symmetrical centerline of the cutting edge group. Both sides are arranged close to the center line of symmetry; a third chip flute is defined between the adjacent fourth cutting edges, and between the fourth cutting edge and the adjacent third cutting edge .
- 根据权利要求23所述的刀头结构,其特征在于,所述第四切削刃位于所述切削主体的前端面的部分呈直刃;所述第四切削刃位于所述切削主体的外周面的部分呈螺旋状,且其旋向与位于所述切削刃组的对称中心线同侧的所述第三切削刃的旋向相同。The cutter head structure according to claim 23, wherein the portion of the fourth cutting edge located on the front end surface of the cutting body is a straight edge; the fourth cutting edge is located on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body. The part is spiral, and its rotation direction is the same as the rotation direction of the third cutting edge located on the same side of the symmetric center line of the cutting edge group.
- 根据权利要求22所述的刀头结构,其特征在于,所述第三 切削刃的螺旋角为0~60°,各所述第三切削刃在所述切削主体的外周面的部分的螺旋角从中间至两侧逐渐增大。The tool bit structure according to claim 22, wherein the helix angle of the third cutting edge is 0-60°, and the helix angle of each third cutting edge on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body Gradually increase from the middle to the sides.
- 根据权利要求24所述的刀头结构,其特征在于,所述第四切削刃位于所述切削主体的外周面的部分的螺旋角为0~60°,且小于各所述第三切削刃的螺旋角。The cutter head structure according to claim 24, wherein the helix angle of the portion of the fourth cutting edge located on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body is 0-60°, and is smaller than that of each of the third cutting edges Helix angle.
- 根据权利要求18所述的刀头结构,其特征在于,所述第三切削刃的一端与所述第二切削刃相连,所述第三切削刃的另一端设置于所述切削主体的外周面。The cutter head structure according to claim 18, wherein one end of the third cutting edge is connected to the second cutting edge, and the other end of the third cutting edge is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body .
- 根据权利要求1所述的刀头结构,其特征在于,所述切削刃部的材质为聚晶金刚石、单晶金刚石、化学气相沉积金刚石、聚晶立方氮化硼、陶瓷及硬质合金中的任一种。The tool bit structure according to claim 1, wherein the material of the cutting edge portion is polycrystalline diamond, single crystal diamond, chemical vapor deposition diamond, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride, ceramics and cemented carbide. Any kind.
- 一种切削刀具,其特征在于,包括刀具柄部及如权利要求1至28中任一项所述的刀头结构,所述切削主体的后端面连接于所述刀具柄部的前端。A cutting tool, characterized by comprising a tool shank and the tool head structure according to any one of claims 1 to 28, and the rear end surface of the cutting body is connected to the front end of the tool shank.
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