WO2021046662A1 - System for removing and killing free ectoparasites in the water column in fish farms - Google Patents
System for removing and killing free ectoparasites in the water column in fish farms Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2021046662A1 WO2021046662A1 PCT/CL2020/050105 CL2020050105W WO2021046662A1 WO 2021046662 A1 WO2021046662 A1 WO 2021046662A1 CL 2020050105 W CL2020050105 W CL 2020050105W WO 2021046662 A1 WO2021046662 A1 WO 2021046662A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- suction
- water
- ectoparasites
- parasites
- elimination
- Prior art date
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 244000078703 ectoparasite Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 23
- 241001674048 Phthiraptera Species 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 241000972773 Aulopiformes Species 0.000 description 7
- 239000005667 attractant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000031902 chemoattractant activity Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000019515 salmon Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000003097 mucus Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241001611004 Caligus rogercresseyi Species 0.000 description 2
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001247234 Lepeophtheirus salmonis Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000030852 Parasitic disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000277331 Salmonidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001611011 Caligus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010061217 Infestation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000973618 Labroides dimidiatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001247235 Maxillopoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000032236 Predisposition to disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009372 pisciculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
- A01M1/04—Attracting insects by using illumination or colours
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/06—Catching insects by using a suction effect
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/08—Attracting and catching insects by using combined illumination or colours and suction effects
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/10—Catching insects by using Traps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Definitions
- the present invention patent discloses a system for the extraction and elimination of free ectoparasites in the water column in fish farming farms.
- Saltwater fish farmers have been faced with various diseases, within it we refer to parasitic ones, the attack of ectoparasites such as I pojo de mar (of the species; Caligus rogercresseyi and Lepeophtheirus salmonis), which is found in the medium and that attack fish in crops.
- I pojo de mar of the species; Caligus rogercresseyi and Lepeophtheirus salmonis
- Caligidosis infection is a sanitary threat in salmon and trout crops not only in Chile but also for countries in the northern hemisphere such as Canada, Norway, among others.
- Said device comprises a body arranged to go down into the water that is equipped with a light to attract said parasites.
- the body comprises an external electrical current conducting surface connected to a high voltage module arranged to transmit electrical pulses at a voltage that kills or weakens parasites.
- Application CL / 200900160 from INSTTUTO DE FOMENTO PESQUERO, SOCIEDAD VETERQUIMICA LTDA and UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS LAGOS, published May 7, 2010, refers to the control of ectoparasites of the genus caligus in farmed fish. More specifically, it refers to the obtaining of attractant fractions from fish mucus for the control of parasites in fish in the aquaculture industry.
- the present invention also relates to the manufacture of an attractant bait based on mucus and / or the fractions of an attractant bait obtained from fish mucus.
- Application EP / 2962556 refers to a system and method in which external parasites (ectoparasites) of fish, particularly crustaceans of the Maxillopoda class, can be identified, located and removed from fish by high intensity optical or acoustic irradiation.
- the system inspects and if necessary treats one fish at a time. Once a fish enters the system, parasites are located using the fluorescence they emit in response to adequate lighting. When parasites are detected, they are eliminated by the application of high intensity acoustic or optical radiation.
- the application WO / 2011/135384, of BIOTATOOLS AS, published November 3, 2011, refers to a method to prevent the infestation of sea lice in a species of host fish that comprises the use of a substance obtained from the species of fish as an attractant for sea lice, p. for free-swimming copepodites. It is preferred to use as an attractant waste material from fish slaughterhouses, e.g. mucous skin or fish skin.
- the method involves the use of a plurality of substrates (traps) such as nets, sheets or strips of material that incorporate or act as a support for the attractant. These traps can be placed at strategic points around the fish population to be protected and periodically replaced or replenished with fresh attractant.
- the main objective of the present invention is to provide a novel, environmentally friendly and efficient alternative for the elimination of parasites that swim free in the water column in culture centers before they adhere to fish. Compared with the aforementioned methods, it has the following advantages:
- -It is friendly with the environment; does not discharge harmful substances into the aquatic environment.
- Figure 1 represents a schematic view of a general configuration of the system for the elimination of parasites that comprises a compressor or air accumulator tank (8) for several suction units with a control unit (7) that selects the suction hose (3) and defines the working and waiting times per hose.
- Figure 2 represents a schematic view of a general configuration of the parasite elimination system comprising a water pump (9) for several suction units with a control unit (7) that selects the suction hose (3) and defines the working and waiting times per hose.
- Figure 3 represents a schematic view of a general configuration of the system for the elimination of parasites that comprises a water pump (9), a suction unit, a control unit (7) that selects the suction hose (3) and defines the working and waiting times per hose.
- Figure 4 represents a view of the different suction cones (1) that can be used in the free parasite elimination system in the water column.
- the main objective of the present invention is to provide a novel, environmentally friendly and efficient alternative for the elimination of free parasites in the water column in cultivation farms.
- the present invention describes a system for the extraction and elimination of ectoparasites in the water column in cultivation centers, which uses a light source to attract the parasites, with periodic programmed suctions where they are extracted from the water and captured in a filter for later elimination.
- suction unit which comprises; one or a set of suction units made up of a cone (1, 1b, 1c), which can have their own lighting (2, 2b) or installed over existing lighting (10) with a suction hose (3) connected to a suction equipment, direct (9) or by air injection (8) through a hose (4), controlled by a control unit (7) that selects the suction unit (s) and regulates the time to extract the water with parasites in the cultivation centers, passing it through a capture filter (5) that retains the parasites and returning only the water through the drainage duct (6).
- the filters are periodically removed and the captured parasites are removed.
- Extraction system that includes: several suction units with cones (1, 1 b) connected to a control unit (7) connected to a compressor or air accumulator tank that injects air into the hose of the suction unit (3) for the extraction of parasites from the selected unit and according to the assigned times.
- Application system that includes: several suction units with cones (1c) installed on underwater photoperiod lamps, connected to a control unit (7) connected to a water pump that sucks the water with parasites from the selected unit and according to the allotted times.
- Extraction system that includes: a suction unit with cones (1, 1 b) connected to a control unit (7) connected to a water pump that sucks the water with parasites, according to the assigned times.
- Extraction system that includes: One or more suction units, with cones (1c) connected to a control unit (7), connected to a water pump, which It will suck the water with parasites, from the selected unit and according to the assigned times.
- the suction units are installed in the cages or on the sides of the cultivation center, connected to a control unit (7) that selects the suction unit (s) to be activated and that regulates the working time of the system that is connected to a Suction equipment, either direct (8) or by air injection (9) through a hose (4) extracts the water with the parasites as programmed in the control unit (7) passing it through the capture filter ( 5) that retains parasites and returns only the water through the drain pipe (6).
- the filters are periodically removed and the captured parasites are removed.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a system for removing and killing free ectoparasites in the water column in fish farms, comprising: a) one or a series of suction units made up of a cone (1,1b,1c), with its own light (2, 2b) or installed over an existing light (10); (b) a suction hose (3) connected to a control unit (7) which selects one or a series of suction units and regulates the timing of the suction equipment, either directly or by air injection, through a hose (4) for removing the water with the parasites; and (c) a collection filter (5) that catches the parasites, returning only the water via a drainage duct (6).
Description
Memoria Descriptiva. Descriptive memory.
La presente patente de invención divulga un sistema para extracción y eliminación de ectoparásitos libres en la columna de agua en granjas de cultivo de peces. The present invention patent discloses a system for the extraction and elimination of free ectoparasites in the water column in fish farming farms.
Descripción de lo conocido en la materia. Description of what is known on the subject.
Los cultivadores de peces en aguas saladas se han visto enfrentados a diversas enfermedades, dentro de ella nos referimos a las parasitarias, al ataque de ectoparásitos como I pojo de mar (de la especie; Caligus rogercresseyi y Lepeophtheirus salmonis), que se encuentra en el medio y que atacan a los peces en los cultivos. Saltwater fish farmers have been faced with various diseases, within it we refer to parasitic ones, the attack of ectoparasites such as I pojo de mar (of the species; Caligus rogercresseyi and Lepeophtheirus salmonis), which is found in the medium and that attack fish in crops.
La infección parasitaria con piojos de mar (de la especie; Caligus rogercresseyi y Lepeophtheirus salmonis), es un gran problema para la industria acuícola, principalmente para los cultivadores de Salmón y Trucha. Los ectoparásitos que se alojan sobre la piel de los peces, alimentándose de mucus, piel y sangre causan daño en su superficie y tejidos de los peces provocando pérdidas económicas por: reducción de la tasa de crecimiento, muerte, aumento de la predisposición a enfermedades e infecciones, baja calidad del producto cosechado y aumento en los costos de producción reflejados por el costo de los tratamientos de la infección. Parasitic infection with sea lice (of the species; Caligus rogercresseyi and Lepeophtheirus salmonis), is a great problem for the aquaculture industry, mainly for salmon and trout growers. Ectoparasites that live on the skin of fish, feeding on mucus, skin and blood, cause damage to the surface and tissues of the fish causing economic losses due to: reduction in growth rate, death, increased predisposition to diseases and infections, poor quality of the harvested product and increased production costs reflected by the cost of infection treatments.
La infección por caligidosis es una amenaza sanitaria en los cultivos de Salmón y trucha no solo en Chile sino también para países del hemisferio norte como Canadá, Noruega entre otros. Caligidosis infection is a sanitary threat in salmon and trout crops not only in Chile but also for countries in the northern hemisphere such as Canada, Norway, among others.
En la actualidad se utilizan numerosas formas de tratamientos para enfrentar el problema del piojo de mar alojados en los peces, dentro de los cuales encontramos; vacunas, químicos adicionados al alimento, químicos aplicados en baños, entre otros métodos de tratamiento para las enfermedades parasitarias.At present, numerous forms of treatments are used to face the problem of sea lice housed in fish, among which we find; vaccines, chemicals added to food, chemicals applied in bathrooms, among other treatment methods for parasitic diseases.
En los últimos años la industria está preocupada de combatir los parásitos antes de que se adhieran a los peces. Dentro de los métodos utilizados para la eliminación de los parásitos libres en el medio, se encuentran: cebos químicos, trampas, máquinas de succión de agua, red de electrodos en el agua entre otros.In recent years the industry has been concerned with fighting parasites before they adhere to fish. Among the methods used for the elimination of free parasites in the environment, are: chemical baits, traps, water suction machines, electrode network in the water, among others.
En el estado de la técnica se divulgan varias alternativas para enfrentar el problema de parásitos libres en el agua en los centros de cultivo, las más cercanas son las siguientes:
La solicitud WO/2018/062999, publicada 05 de Abril de 2017 y la solicitud CL/201900832, publicada 14 de Junio de 2019 de BRAGE INNOVATION AS, describe un sistema y método para atrapar y destruir organismos marinos como el plancton animal, los piojos del salmón y otros parásitos, que comprende un cuerpo, configurado para la inmersión en agua, que posee al menos una fuente de luz configurada y controlada para atraer dichos organismos marinos, al menos 1 electrodo positivo y uno negativo conectados a una fuente de alimentación con lo que el dispositivo de la invención genera, mediante electrólisis con agua, gas cloro en o en una región cerca de al menos un electrodo positivo, el gas cloro reacciona con el agua dentro de la cavidad para formar ácido hipoclórico y ácido clorhídrico con lo que se matan los organismos marinos en su interior. In the state of the art, several alternatives are disclosed to face the problem of free parasites in the water in the cultivation centers, the closest are the following: The application WO / 2018/062999, published April 05, 2017 and the application CL / 201900832, published June 14, 2019 of BRAGE INNOVATION AS, describes a system and method to trap and destroy marine organisms such as animal plankton, lice of salmon and other parasites, comprising a body, configured for immersion in water, which has at least one light source configured and controlled to attract said marine organisms, at least 1 positive and one negative electrode connected to a power source with What the device of the invention generates, by electrolysis with water, chlorine gas in or in a region near at least one positive electrode, the chlorine gas reacts with the water inside the cavity to form hypochloric acid and hydrochloric acid, thereby the marine organisms within it are killed.
La solicitud WO/2015/009160, de MARITIME VISION BERGEN AS, publicada 22 de Enero de 2015, se describe un dispositivo para hacer que los parásitos, como los piojos de salmón, sean inofensivos. El dispositivo atrae parásitos en el agua, tales como zooplancton dañino, piojos de salmón, etc. y luego mata o debilita los parásitos dañinos con longitudes, frecuencias de onda especiales, enviando una o una seria de pulsos eléctricos que matan o debilitan los piojos del salmón. Las longitudes de onda de la luz se pueden enviar a más de 360x360 grados alrededor de la unidad. El dispositivo podrá matar o debilitar, debilitar eléctricamente el zooplancton / piojos de salmón cerca de la superficie conductora de corriente eléctrica externa (metal u otros materiales conductores de corriente eléctrica). Dicho dispositivo comprende un cuerpo dispuesto para bajar al agua que está equipado con luz para atraer dichos parásitos. El cuerpo comprende una superficie externa conductora de corriente eléctrica conectada a un módulo de alto voltaje dispuesto para transmitir pulsos eléctricos a un voltaje que mata o debilita los parásitos. Application WO / 2015/009160, from MARITIME VISION BERGEN AS, published January 22, 2015, describes a device to render parasites, such as salmon lice, harmless. The device attracts parasites in the water, such as harmful zooplankton, salmon lice, etc. and then kills or weakens harmful parasites with special wavelengths, frequencies, sending out one or a series of electrical pulses that kill or weaken salmon lice. Wavelengths of light can be sent over 360x360 degrees around the unit. The device may kill or weaken, electrically weaken zooplankton / salmon lice near the external electrical current conducting surface (metal or other electrical current conducting materials). Said device comprises a body arranged to go down into the water that is equipped with a light to attract said parasites. The body comprises an external electrical current conducting surface connected to a high voltage module arranged to transmit electrical pulses at a voltage that kills or weakens parasites.
La solicitud CL/200900160, de INSTTUTO DE FOMENTO PESQUERO, SOCIEDAD VETERQUIMICA LTDA y la UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS LAGOS, publicada 07 de Mayo de 2010, se refiere al control de ectoparásitos del género caligus en peces de cultivo. Más específicamente, se refiere a la obtención de fracciones atractantes desde mucus de peces para el control de parásitos en peces en la industria acuícola. La presente invención además se relaciona con la fabricación de un cebo atractante en base a mucus y/o las fracciones de un cebo atractante obtenidas desde mucus de peces.
La solicitud EP/2962556, de ARDEO TECH AS, publicada 29 de Junio de 2015, se refiere un sistema y método en el que los parásitos externos (ectoparásitos) de los peces, particularmente los crustáceos de la clase Maxillopoda, pueden identificarse, localizarse y eliminarse de los peces mediante irradiación óptica o acústica de alta intensidad. El sistema inspecciona y si es necesario, trata un pez a la vez Una vez que un pez ingresa al sistema, los parásitos se localizan utilizando la fluorescencia que emiten en respuesta a la iluminación adecuada. Cuando se detectan parásitos, se eliminan mediante la aplicación de radiación acústica u óptica de alta intensidad. Application CL / 200900160, from INSTTUTO DE FOMENTO PESQUERO, SOCIEDAD VETERQUIMICA LTDA and UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS LAGOS, published May 7, 2010, refers to the control of ectoparasites of the genus caligus in farmed fish. More specifically, it refers to the obtaining of attractant fractions from fish mucus for the control of parasites in fish in the aquaculture industry. The present invention also relates to the manufacture of an attractant bait based on mucus and / or the fractions of an attractant bait obtained from fish mucus. Application EP / 2962556, from ARDEO TECH AS, published June 29, 2015, refers to a system and method in which external parasites (ectoparasites) of fish, particularly crustaceans of the Maxillopoda class, can be identified, located and removed from fish by high intensity optical or acoustic irradiation. The system inspects and if necessary treats one fish at a time. Once a fish enters the system, parasites are located using the fluorescence they emit in response to adequate lighting. When parasites are detected, they are eliminated by the application of high intensity acoustic or optical radiation.
La solicitud WO/2011/135384, de BIOTATOOLS AS, publicada 03 de Noviembre de 2011 , se refiere a un método para prevenir la infestación de piojos de mar en una especie de pez huésped que comprende el uso de una sustancia obtenida de la especie de pez como un atrayente para los piojos de mar, p. para copepoditas de natación libre. Se prefiere usar como atrayente el material de desecho de los mataderos de peces, p. piel mucosa o piel de pescado. En una realización preferida, el método implica el uso de una pluralidad de sustratos (trampas) tales como redes, láminas o tiras de material que incorporan o actúan como soporte para el atrayente. Dichas trampas pueden colocarse en puntos estratégicos alrededor de la población de peces a proteger y reemplazarse periódicamente o reponerse con atrayente fresco. The application WO / 2011/135384, of BIOTATOOLS AS, published November 3, 2011, refers to a method to prevent the infestation of sea lice in a species of host fish that comprises the use of a substance obtained from the species of fish as an attractant for sea lice, p. for free-swimming copepodites. It is preferred to use as an attractant waste material from fish slaughterhouses, e.g. mucous skin or fish skin. In a preferred embodiment, the method involves the use of a plurality of substrates (traps) such as nets, sheets or strips of material that incorporate or act as a support for the attractant. These traps can be placed at strategic points around the fish population to be protected and periodically replaced or replenished with fresh attractant.
Los métodos, sistemas y aparatos utilizados actualmente para la eliminación de los parásitos libres en la columna de agua, son pocos. En la actualidad se utilizan numerosas formas de tratamientos para enfrentar el problema del piojo de mar alojado en los peces y solo en los últimos años la industria se ha estado preocupando en combatir los parásitos antes que se adhieran a los peces. Dentro de los métodos, sistemas y aparatos que se utilizan para disminuir la población de parásitos libres en el agua, tenemos los siguientes: cebos químicos, trampas, peces limpiadores, máquinas de succión de agua, red de electrodos en el agua, entre otros, los cuales, no son eficientes, son poco prácticos y algunos muy costosos. The methods, systems and devices currently used for the elimination of free parasites in the water column are few. Numerous forms of treatments are now being used to address the problem of sea lice in fish, and it is only in recent years that the industry has been concerned with fighting parasites before they attach to fish. Among the methods, systems and devices that are used to reduce the population of free parasites in the water, we have the following: chemical baits, traps, cleaner fish, water suction machines, electrode network in the water, among others, which are not efficient, are impractical and some are very expensive.
La presente invención tiene como objetivo principal proporcionar una alternativa novedosa, amigable con el medio ambiente y eficiente para la eliminación de los parásitos que nadan libres en la columna de agua en los centros de cultivos antes que se adhieran a los peces.
En comparación con los métodos antes mencionados, tiene las siguientes ventajas: The main objective of the present invention is to provide a novel, environmentally friendly and efficient alternative for the elimination of parasites that swim free in the water column in culture centers before they adhere to fish. Compared with the aforementioned methods, it has the following advantages:
-Es amigable con el medio ambiente; no vierte sustancias nocivas al medio acuático. -It is friendly with the environment; does not discharge harmful substances into the aquatic environment.
-Los parásitos son capturados y eliminados en su totalidad; sin posibilidad de retornar al medio ambiente. -Parasites are captured and completely eliminated; without the possibility of returning to the environment.
-Sin estrés; la operación del sistema no altera el hábitat y no interactúa con los peces. -Without stress; the operation of the system does not alter the habitat and does not interact with the fish.
-Eficiente; el sistema opera de forma permanente en el centro de cultivo, con succiones de agua periódicas y programadas. -Efficient; the system operates permanently in the farm, with periodic and scheduled water suctions.
Breve descripción de los dibujos. Brief description of the drawings.
Figura 1 : representa una vista del esquema de una configuración general del sistema para la eliminación de parásitos que comprende un compresor o estanque acumulador de aire (8) para varias unidades de succión con una unidad de control (7) que selecciona la manguera de succión (3) y define los tiempos de trabajo y espera por manguera. Figure 1: represents a schematic view of a general configuration of the system for the elimination of parasites that comprises a compressor or air accumulator tank (8) for several suction units with a control unit (7) that selects the suction hose (3) and defines the working and waiting times per hose.
Figura 2: representa una vista del esquema de una configuración general del sistema para la eliminación de parásito que comprende una bomba de agua (9) para varas unidades de succión con una unidad de control (7) que selecciona la manguera de succión (3) y define los tiempos de trabajo y espera por manguera. Figure 2: represents a schematic view of a general configuration of the parasite elimination system comprising a water pump (9) for several suction units with a control unit (7) that selects the suction hose (3) and defines the working and waiting times per hose.
Figura 3: representa una vista del esquema de una configuración general del sistema para la eliminación de parásitos que comprende una bomba de agua (9) una unidad de succión, una unidad de control (7) que selecciona la manguera de succión (3) y define los tiempos de trabajo y espera por manguera. Figure 3: represents a schematic view of a general configuration of the system for the elimination of parasites that comprises a water pump (9), a suction unit, a control unit (7) that selects the suction hose (3) and defines the working and waiting times per hose.
Figura 4: representa una vista de los distintos conos de succión (1 ) que pueden utilizarse en el sistema de eliminación de parásitos libres en la columna de agua. Figure 4: represents a view of the different suction cones (1) that can be used in the free parasite elimination system in the water column.
Descripción detallada de la invención Detailed description of the invention
La presente invención tiene como objetivo principal proporcionar una alternativa novedosa, amigable con el medio ambiente y eficiente para la eliminación de los parásitos libres en la columna de agua en las granjas de cultivo.
La presente invención describe un sistema para extracción y eliminación de ectoparásitos en la columna de agua en centros de cultivos, que utiliza una fuente lumínica para atraer los parásitos, con succiones periódicas programadas donde se extraen del agua y capturan en un filtro para su eliminación posterior, que comprende; una o un conjunto de unidades de succión conformada por un cono (1 , 1 b, 1c), que pueden tener iluminación propia (2, 2b) o instalado sobre iluminación existente (10) con una manguera de succión (3) conectada a un equipo de succión, directa (9) o por inyección de aire (8) a través de una manguera (4), controladas por una unidad de control (7) que selecciona la o las unidades de succión y regula el tiempo para extraer el agua con los parásitos en los centros de cultivo, pasándola por un filtro de captura (5) que retiene los parásitos y devolviendo solo el agua por el ducto de desagüe (6). Los filtros se retiran periódicamente y los parásitos capturados son eliminados. The main objective of the present invention is to provide a novel, environmentally friendly and efficient alternative for the elimination of free parasites in the water column in cultivation farms. The present invention describes a system for the extraction and elimination of ectoparasites in the water column in cultivation centers, which uses a light source to attract the parasites, with periodic programmed suctions where they are extracted from the water and captured in a filter for later elimination. , which comprises; one or a set of suction units made up of a cone (1, 1b, 1c), which can have their own lighting (2, 2b) or installed over existing lighting (10) with a suction hose (3) connected to a suction equipment, direct (9) or by air injection (8) through a hose (4), controlled by a control unit (7) that selects the suction unit (s) and regulates the time to extract the water with parasites in the cultivation centers, passing it through a capture filter (5) that retains the parasites and returning only the water through the drainage duct (6). The filters are periodically removed and the captured parasites are removed.
Ejemplo de Aplicación 1 : Application Example 1:
Sistema de extracción que incluye: varias unidades de succión con conos (1 , 1 b) conectada a una unidad de control (7) conectadas a un compresor o estanque acumulador de aire que inyecta aire a la manguera de la unidad de succión (3) para la extracción de los parásitos desde la unidad seleccionada y según los tiempos asignados. Extraction system that includes: several suction units with cones (1, 1 b) connected to a control unit (7) connected to a compressor or air accumulator tank that injects air into the hose of the suction unit (3) for the extraction of parasites from the selected unit and according to the assigned times.
Ejemplo de Aplicación 2: Application Example 2:
Sistema de aplicación que incluye: varias unidades de succión con conos (1c) instalados sobre lámparas submarinas de fotoperiodo, conectada a una unidad de control (7) conectadas a una bomba de agua que succiona el agua con parásitos de la unidad seleccionada y según los tiempos asignados. Application system that includes: several suction units with cones (1c) installed on underwater photoperiod lamps, connected to a control unit (7) connected to a water pump that sucks the water with parasites from the selected unit and according to the allotted times.
Ejemplo de Aplicación 3: Application Example 3:
Sistema de extracción que incluye: una unidad de succión con conos (1 , 1 b) conectadas a una unidad de control (7) conectadas a una bomba de agua que succiona el agua con parásitos, según los tiempos asignados. Extraction system that includes: a suction unit with cones (1, 1 b) connected to a control unit (7) connected to a water pump that sucks the water with parasites, according to the assigned times.
Ejemplo de Aplicación 4: Application Example 4:
Sistema de extracción que incluye: Una o varias unidades de succión, con conos (1c) conectada a una unidad de control (7), conectadas a una bomba de agua, que
succionara el agua con parásitos, de la unidad seleccionada y según los tiempos asignados. Extraction system that includes: One or more suction units, with cones (1c) connected to a control unit (7), connected to a water pump, which It will suck the water with parasites, from the selected unit and according to the assigned times.
La forma como opera la presente invención para la eliminación de los ectoparásitos de la columna de agua es la siguiente: The way in which the present invention works for the elimination of ectoparasites from the water column is as follows:
Se instalan las unidades de succión en las jaulas o en los laterales del centro de cultivo, conectada a una unidad de control (7) que selecciona la o las unidades de succión a activar y que regula el tiempo de trabajo del sistema que conectada a un equipo de succión, ya sea directa (8) o por inyección de aire (9) a través de una manguera (4) extrae el agua con los parásitos según lo programado en la unidad de control (7) pasándola por el filtro de captura (5) que retiene los parásitos y devuelve solo el agua por el ducto de desagüe (6). Los filtros se retiran periódicamente y los parásitos capturados son eliminados.
The suction units are installed in the cages or on the sides of the cultivation center, connected to a control unit (7) that selects the suction unit (s) to be activated and that regulates the working time of the system that is connected to a Suction equipment, either direct (8) or by air injection (9) through a hose (4) extracts the water with the parasites as programmed in the control unit (7) passing it through the capture filter ( 5) that retains parasites and returns only the water through the drain pipe (6). The filters are periodically removed and the captured parasites are removed.
Claims
1.- Un sistema para extracción y eliminación de ectoparásitos libres en la columna de agua antes que se adhieran a los peces en granjas de cultivo, que utiliza una fuente lumínica para atraer los parásitos, CARACTERIZADO porque comprende a) al menos una unidad de succión c b) un equipo de succión (8,9) c) conectada a una unidad de control (7) donde dicha unidad de control (7) selecciona al menos una unidad de succión y regula el tiempo de operación del equipo de succión de agua, bomba de agua (9) o succión por inyección de aire (8), y c) un filtro de captura (5) configurado para retener los parásitos succionados, descargando sólo el agua a través de un ducto de desagüe (6). 1.- A system for the extraction and elimination of free ectoparasites in the water column before they adhere to the fish in culture farms, which uses a light source to attract the parasites, CHARACTERIZED because it comprises a) at least one suction unit cb) a suction equipment (8,9) c) connected to a control unit (7) where said control unit (7) selects at least one suction unit and regulates the operation time of the water suction equipment, water pump (9) or air injection suction (8), and c) a capture filter (5) configured to retain the sucked parasites, discharging only the water through a drainage duct (6).
2.- Un sistema para extracción y eliminación de ectoparásitos libres en la columna de agua de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque la unidad de succión comprenden una manguera unida a un cono que pueden tener iluminación interna (1), externa (1b) o sin iluminación propia(1c). 2.- A system for extraction and elimination of free ectoparasites in the water column according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the suction unit comprises a hose attached to a cone that can have internal (1), external (1b) lighting or without its own lighting (1c).
3.- Un sistema para extracción y eliminación de ectoparásitos libres en la columna de agua de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque puede incluir varias unidades de succión conectadas un equipo de succión (8, 9) 3. A system for extraction and elimination of free ectoparasites in the water column according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that it can include several suction units connected to a suction equipment (8, 9)
4.- Un sistema para extracción y eliminación de ectoparásitos libres en la columna de agua de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque comprende una unidad de de control (7) también regula la intensidad de la fuente lumínica, encendido y apagado de luces de los conos con iluminación propia (1 , 1 b, 1c) y la velocidad de succión de los equipos. 4.- A system for extraction and elimination of free ectoparasites in the water column according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises a control unit (7) that also regulates the intensity of the light source, turning lights on and off. the cones with their own lighting (1, 1 b, 1c) and the suction speed of the equipment.
5.- Un sistema para extracción y eliminación de ectoparásitos libres en la columna de agua de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque los parásitos son succionados y capturados en un filtro (5) para su eliminación. 5. A system for extraction and elimination of free ectoparasites in the water column according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the parasites are sucked and captured in a filter (5) for their elimination.
6.- Un sistema para extracción y eliminación de ectoparásitos libres en la columna de agua de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque utiliza una fuente lumínica (2, 2b) para atraer los parásitos que puede ser de color verde, azul, blanca o combinadas. 6.- A system for extraction and elimination of free ectoparasites in the water column according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that it uses a light source (2, 2b) to attract parasites that can be green, blue, white or combined.
7.- Un sistema para extracción y eliminación de ectoparásitos libres en la columna de agua de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque comprende equipo de succión, bomba de agua (9) puede ser instalada sobre o bajo del agua.
7. A system for the extraction and elimination of free ectoparasites in the water column according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because it comprises suction equipment, the water pump (9) can be installed above or below the water.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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CL2613-2019 | 2019-09-12 | ||
CL2019002613A CL2019002613A1 (en) | 2019-09-12 | 2019-09-12 | System for extraction and elimination of free ectoparasites in the water column in fish farming farms. |
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WO2021046662A1 true WO2021046662A1 (en) | 2021-03-18 |
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PCT/CL2020/050105 WO2021046662A1 (en) | 2019-09-12 | 2020-09-14 | System for removing and killing free ectoparasites in the water column in fish farms |
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WO (1) | WO2021046662A1 (en) |
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WO2021221516A1 (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-04 | Blue Lice As | Apparatus for captation of pelagic crustacean larvae and a system comprising the apparatus |
CN113749028A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-12-07 | 江苏省海洋水产研究所 | Marine ranching culture system and culture method |
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WO2011099865A1 (en) * | 2010-01-21 | 2011-08-18 | Ctm Lyng As | Device for removing lice from farm fish |
NO20140528A1 (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2014-10-24 | Kjell Hopen | Device for collecting and destroying lice in a cage |
NO20160050A1 (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2017-07-12 | Niva | Slat (sea lice atraction) |
NO20161924A1 (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-06-04 | Hvb As | SYSTEM AND PROCEDURE TO PREVENT THE LOSS OF LICE ON FISH IN A FARMER |
NO344082B1 (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2019-09-02 | Licepipe As | Method and device for removing parasites from fish |
JP2019180243A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2019-10-24 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | Parasite control method and parasite control device |
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GB2286756A (en) * | 1994-02-22 | 1995-08-30 | John Baxter Wilson Binnie | Lure for sea lice |
WO2011099865A1 (en) * | 2010-01-21 | 2011-08-18 | Ctm Lyng As | Device for removing lice from farm fish |
NO20140528A1 (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2014-10-24 | Kjell Hopen | Device for collecting and destroying lice in a cage |
NO20160050A1 (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2017-07-12 | Niva | Slat (sea lice atraction) |
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WO2021221516A1 (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-04 | Blue Lice As | Apparatus for captation of pelagic crustacean larvae and a system comprising the apparatus |
CN113749028A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-12-07 | 江苏省海洋水产研究所 | Marine ranching culture system and culture method |
CN113749028B (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2022-04-12 | 江苏省海洋水产研究所 | Marine ranching culture system and culture method |
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