WO2021043263A1 - 液体复合弹簧 - Google Patents

液体复合弹簧 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021043263A1
WO2021043263A1 PCT/CN2020/113485 CN2020113485W WO2021043263A1 WO 2021043263 A1 WO2021043263 A1 WO 2021043263A1 CN 2020113485 W CN2020113485 W CN 2020113485W WO 2021043263 A1 WO2021043263 A1 WO 2021043263A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flow channel
liquid chamber
liquid
rubber
mandrel
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PCT/CN2020/113485
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
卜继玲
王永冠
刘桂杰
丁行武
夏彰阳
Original Assignee
株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP20860415.7A priority Critical patent/EP3919773A4/en
Priority to US17/423,345 priority patent/US11732773B2/en
Publication of WO2021043263A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021043263A1/zh
Priority to US18/181,838 priority patent/US12013006B2/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/06—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/08—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/06—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/08—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/10—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like
    • F16F13/108—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like characterised by features of plastics springs, e.g. attachment arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/06—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/08—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/085—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper characterised by features of plastics springs; Attachment arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
    • F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
    • F16J15/10—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2224/00—Materials; Material properties
    • F16F2224/02—Materials; Material properties solids
    • F16F2224/025—Elastomers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/30—Sealing arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a liquid composite spring for vehicles, especially rail vehicles.
  • the present invention proposes a liquid composite spring, which has the function of damping vibration and can change the stiffness and damping effect at the same time.
  • the present invention proposes a liquid composite spring, including:
  • An outer sleeve which is sleeved on the upper part of the mandrel, the upper part of the mandrel is located inside the outer sleeve, and the lower part of the mandrel is located outside the outer sleeve;
  • An upper liquid chamber provided in the upper part of the outer jacket, the lower end of the upper liquid chamber is connected to the top of the mandrel;
  • At least one flow channel body is arranged in the metal rubber main spring, and the liquid in the upper liquid chamber and the liquid in the lower liquid chamber are connected through the flow channel body.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that the outer sleeve includes a cylindrical rigid outer wall, and a flexible sealing member that seals the lower end of the lower liquid chamber;
  • the outer edge of the sealing member is connected to the bottom of the outer wall, and the middle part is connected to the mandrel.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that the metal rubber main spring includes a rubber body, the middle of the rubber body is connected to the mandrel, and the outside is connected to the outer wall; and a metal partition is arranged inside the rubber body.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that an annular flow passage body is arranged in the rubber body, and the flow passage hole is arranged on the flow passage body;
  • the flow channel hole is configured to form a liquid communication between the upper liquid chamber and the lower liquid chamber, and generate a certain damping force during the flow.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that the flow channel body is a rigid metal damping flow channel plate, and the flow channel holes are evenly opened on the metal damping flow channel plate.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that the flow channel holes are straight through holes or spiral holes.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that the runner body is a flexible rubber runner plate, a number of runner tubes are evenly arranged in the rubber runner plate, and the runner tubes are pre-embedded and vulcanized with the rubber runner plate.
  • the flow passage hole is arranged in the flow passage tube.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that the flow channel tube is a straight through hole or a spiral hole.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that a metal ring is provided on the outer edge of the sealing member, and a groove matching the metal ring is provided on the inner side of the bottom of the outer wall;
  • the metal ring is arranged in the groove, and is connected to the outer wall by bolts.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that a convex structure is provided on the inner side of the sealing member, and the convex structure is fixed inside the mandrel.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that a convex structure is provided on the inner side of the sealing member, and the convex structure is fixed inside the mandrel.
  • the liquid composite spring of the present invention has an upper liquid chamber and a lower liquid chamber, and the upper liquid chamber and the lower liquid chamber are connected by a flow passage body, and the liquid can pass through the flow passage body in the upper liquid chamber. Flow between the lower liquid chamber and the lower liquid chamber, thereby enhancing the effect of vibration reduction, while providing variable stiffness and high damping performance.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid composite spring according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a metal rubber main spring structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing a structure without a runner tube;
  • Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the structure of a metal rubber main spring according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing a structure without a runner tube;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic top view of a metal rubber main spring structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing a structure without a rubber runner plate;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic side view of a metal rubber main spring structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing a structure with a runner tube;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic top view of the structure of a metal rubber main spring according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing the structure of the runner tube;
  • Fig. 7 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the structure of the metal rubber main spring according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing the structure of the runner tube.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a liquid composite spring according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the liquid can reciprocate in the upper and lower liquid chambers through the flow channel holes, thereby providing variable stiffness and damping effects.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 schematically show a liquid composite spring according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the liquid composite spring includes a mandrel 1.
  • a jacket 2 is connected to the upper part of the mandrel 1, and the lower part of the jacket 2 is sleeved on the upper part of the mandrel 1.
  • the upper part of the mandrel 1 is located inside the outer shell 2, and the lower part of the mandrel 1 is located outside the outer shell 2.
  • the upper space inside the outer shell 2 is provided with an upper liquid chamber 4, and the middle of the lower part of the upper liquid chamber 4 is connected to the top end of the mandrel 1.
  • the lower part of the inside of the jacket 2 is provided with a lower liquid chamber 5, a certain space is provided between the lower liquid chamber 5 and the upper liquid chamber 4, and the lower liquid chamber 5 and the A metal rubber main spring 3 is arranged between the upper liquid chamber 4, and the metal rubber main spring 3 is formed by combining a rubber elastic material and a metal supporting component.
  • the metal rubber main spring 3 is provided with at least one flow channel body 31, and the liquid in the upper liquid chamber 4 and the liquid in the lower liquid chamber 5 are connected by the flow channel body 31. through.
  • the liquid composite spring When the liquid composite spring according to this embodiment is used, the liquid composite spring is arranged on the bogie.
  • the mandrel 1 moves in the outer casing 2 and passes through the upper liquid chamber 4 and the lower liquid chamber 5 in the liquid composite spring described in this embodiment.
  • the liquid can be circulated through the flow channel body 31, thereby changing the space in the upper liquid chamber 4 and the lower liquid chamber 5 when the mandrel 1 moves. In the process of fluid circulation, the damping effect and stiffness of the liquid composite spring are changed.
  • the jacket 2 includes a rigid outer wall 21 and a flexible sealing member 22.
  • the outer wall 21 has a cylindrical structure, and the sealing member 22 is provided at the lower end of the outer wall 21. Wherein, the sealing member 22 seals the lower end of the lower liquid chamber 5.
  • the lower liquid chamber 5 is made into a flexible chamber by a flexible sealing member 22. Wherein, the outer edge of the sealing member 22 is connected to the bottom of the outer wall 21, and the middle part is connected to the mandrel 1.
  • a flexible sealing member 22 is provided at the bottom of the outer jacket 2 so that the lower liquid chamber 5 becomes a flexible liquid chamber.
  • the volume of the lower liquid chamber 5 can be changed by deformation to ensure the smooth flow of the fluid.
  • the metal rubber main spring includes a rubber body 30, the middle part of the rubber body 30 is connected to the mandrel 1, the outer part is connected to the outer wall 21, the upper end is connected to the upper liquid chamber 4, and the lower end is connected to Lower liquid chamber 5.
  • a metal partition 33 is provided inside the rubber body 30.
  • the partition 33 has a ring-shaped or tapered structure and is integral with the rubber body 30.
  • the flow channel body 31 and the partition 24 are used as metal inserts and the rubber body 30 are vulcanized to form a metal rubber main spring 3 as a whole.
  • the flow channel hole 32 penetrates the rubber body 30 to communicate with the upper liquid chamber 4 (as shown in FIG. 1 ).
  • the rubber body 30 has a flexible structure vulcanized on the upper part of the outer wall 21. Wherein, the middle part of the rubber body 30 is fixedly connected with the mandrel 1.
  • the rubber body 30 is arranged at the bottom of the lower liquid chamber 4 and is integrated with the partition 33 (as shown in FIG. 2).
  • the bottom of the upper liquid chamber 4 is sealed by a rubber body 30, and when the mandrel 1 moves, it can drive the rubber body 30 to move.
  • the rubber body 30 can reduce vibration.
  • the deformation of the rubber body 30 drives the deformation of the upper liquid chamber 4, thereby causing fluid to flow, which can change the stiffness and damping effect of the overall liquid composite spring.
  • a flow channel body 31 is provided in the rubber body, and the flow channel body 31 is a ring-shaped structure, specifically a ring-shaped cylinder or a ring-cone-shaped structure.
  • the flow channel holes 32 are uniformly arranged on the flow channel body 31. As shown in FIG.
  • the flow passage hole 32 is configured to be able to circulate liquid between the upper liquid chamber 4 and the lower liquid chamber 5 and generate a certain damping force during the flow process.
  • the flow channel hole 32 can generate a certain resistance during the flow of the liquid, make the liquid have a certain viscosity when flowing, and enhance the damping effect.
  • the flow channel holes are straight through holes, and the flow channel holes are uniformly arranged in the flow channel body.
  • the flow channel hole is a spiral hole, which is coiled inside the flow channel body.
  • the shape of the runner holes can also be curved, arced or inclined.
  • the upper liquid chamber 4 and the lower liquid chamber 5 are communicated through the flow passage hole 32.
  • the lower liquid chamber 5 The liquid enters or flows out into the upper liquid chamber 4 through the flow channel tube to form a damping force, thereby reducing impact and improving the effect of vibration reduction.
  • the flow channel body 31 is a rigid metal damping flow channel plate, and the flow channel holes 32 are evenly opened on the flow channel body 31.
  • the flow channel body 31 is a rigid material cast or forged by metal, and the rigid flow channel body 31 can achieve a better support effect. In this way, it can be ensured that when the liquid composite spring is deformed, the flow channel body 31 will not be deformed and block the flow channel hole 32.
  • the flow channel body 31 is a flexible rubber flow channel plate, and a plurality of flow channel tubes 34 are evenly arranged in the rubber flow channel plate.
  • the tube 34 is preferably made of rigid material to avoid blocking the flow channel tube 34 during the deformation of the liquid composite spring.
  • the flow passage hole 32 is provided inside the flow passage tube 34.
  • the flow channel tube 34 is vulcanized into a whole with the rubber flow channel plate through pre-embedding.
  • the flow channel body 31 is a flexible rubber flow channel plate, and the rubber flow channel plate has good elasticity, which increases the overall elasticity of the liquid composite spring.
  • the partition 33 and the flow channel body 31 have a shape close to each other, and preferably have a circular cylindrical or circular cone structure.
  • the partition 33 functions as a support, and the gap between the partitions 33 fills the rubber body 30, or the partition 33 is nested inside the rubber body 30, and its lower end is connected to the upper end of the lower liquid chamber 5.
  • the cross section of the partition is annularly arranged. Wherein, the cross-sectional widths of the partitions are different, and the partitions with a larger width are sleeved outside the partitions with a smaller width and separated by a certain distance, thereby forming a structure with a circular cross-section.
  • the partitions 33 are respectively provided inside the inner ring and outside the outer ring of the flow channel body 31.
  • the length of the partition 30 located inside is longer, and the length of the partition located outside is shorter.
  • the upper ends of the partitions 30 are connected to the upper liquid chamber 4, and their level is relatively close.
  • the upper part of the lower liquid chamber 5 is arranged in a stepped structure, and the inner position is lower. In this way, when the mandrel 1 moves up and down, the rubber body 30 and the sealing member 22 are driven to deform, thereby causing the partition 30 to move up and down.
  • the flow channel tube 34 is a through hole or a spiral hole, and is arranged between the upper liquid chamber 4 and the lower liquid chamber 5.
  • the flow passage hole 32 may be a straight-through structure as a whole, or may be an inclined structure, a curved structure, or a spiral cylinder shape. Those capable of realizing damping communication are all within the scope of the present invention.
  • the flow can be increased by setting it into a spiral structure, thereby enhancing the damping and vibration reduction effect.
  • a metal ring 35 is provided on the outer edge of the sealing member 22, and a groove 13 that is matched with the metal ring 35 is provided on the inner bottom of the outer wall 21.
  • the groove 13 is annular, and the metal ring 35 can be placed in the groove 13.
  • the metal ring 35 and the sealing member 22 are connected to the outer wall 21 by bolts.
  • a rubber pad 14 is further provided between the metal ring 35 and the groove 13.
  • a metal ring 35 is provided on the outer edge of the sealing member 22. Since the sealing member 22 is made of a flexible material, the metal ring 35 can be more firmly connected to the outer wall 21.
  • the outer wall 21 is provided with a groove 13 for limiting the position of the metal ring 35 so that the screw holes correspond to each other, thereby facilitating disassembly and assembly.
  • the rubber gasket 14 enhances the sealing performance, so as to enhance the sealing performance of the lower liquid chamber 5 as a whole.
  • the inner side of the sealing member 22 is provided with a convex structure, and the convex structure is fixed inside the mandrel 1.
  • the mandrel 1 is provided with a step structure, and the step structure is provided with a groove matching the protrusion mechanism, and the protrusion structure is clamped in the groove.
  • a metal shim 12 is provided under the step structure, and the metal shim 12 is provided at the other end of the raised structure to fix the raised structure.
  • the sealing member 22 can be clamped inside the mandrel 1 through the convex structure, so that the sealing member 22 is firmly connected with the mandrel 1 and the sealing performance is enhanced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combined Devices Of Dampers And Springs (AREA)

Abstract

一种液体复合弹簧，用于车辆、尤其是轨道车辆，包括芯轴（1）；外套（2），其套设在芯轴（1）的上部，芯轴（1）的上部位于外套（2）的内部，芯轴（1）的下部位于外套（2）的外部；设置在外套（2）内的上部的上液体腔室（4），上液体腔室（4）的下端连接芯轴（1）的顶部；以及设置在外套（2）内的下部的下液体腔室（5），下液体腔室（5）与上液体腔室（4）之间通过金属橡胶主簧（3）相连；其中，金属橡胶主簧（3）内设置有至少一个流道体（31），上液体腔室（4）内的液体和下液体腔室（5）内的液体通过流道体（31）相连通。该液体复合弹簧具有减振的功能，同时能够提供变刚度和阻尼效果。

Description

液体复合弹簧 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于车辆、尤其是轨道车辆的液体复合弹簧。
背景技术
车辆在轨道上行驶时，伴随产生复杂的振动现象，因此铁路车辆上安装衰减机械振动的弹簧装置是必不可少的。传统的橡胶锥形弹簧容易获得垂向、横向和纵向不同的刚度值，具有较好的非线性特点，因此更能够满足一般轴箱悬挂要求。但是由于橡胶材料的局限性，橡胶锥形弹簧随着频率的增加动刚度下降，出现高频动态软化的现象；同时橡胶材料的阻尼较小，对振动能量的耗散能力有限。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明提出了一种液体复合弹簧，具有减振的功能，同时能够改变刚度和阻尼效果。
本发明的提出了一种液体复合弹簧，包括：
芯轴；
外套，其套设在所述芯轴的上部，所述芯轴的上部位于所述外套的内部，所述芯轴的下部位于所述外套的外部；
设置在所述外套内的上部的上液体腔室，所述上液体腔室的下端连接所述芯轴的顶部；以及
设置在所述外套内的下部的下液体腔室，所述下液体腔室与所述上液体腔室之间通过金属橡胶主簧相连；
其中，所述金属橡胶主簧内设置有至少一个流道体，所述上液体腔室内的液体和所述下液体腔室内的液体通过所述流道体相连通。
本发明的进一步改进在于，所述外套包括筒形的刚性的外壁，以及柔性的密封件，所述密封件密封所述下液体腔室的下端；
其中，所述密封件的外部边缘连接所述外壁的底部，其中部连接所述芯轴。
本发明的进一步改进在于，所述金属橡胶主簧包括橡胶体，所述橡胶体的中部连接所述芯轴，外部连接所述外壁；并且所述橡胶体内部设置有金属的隔板。
本发明的进一步改进在于，所述橡胶体内设置环形的流道体，所述流道孔设置在所述流道体上；
其中，所述流道孔构造成能够在所述上液体腔室和所述下液体腔室之间形成液体流通，并在流动过程中产生一定的阻尼力。
本发明的进一步改进在于，所述流道体为刚性的金属阻尼流道板，所述流道孔均匀开设在所述金属阻尼流道板上。
本发明的进一步改进在于，所述流道孔为直通孔或螺旋孔。
本发明的进一步改进在于，所述流道体为柔性的橡胶流道板，所述橡胶流道板内均匀设置有若干流道管，所述流道管通过预埋与橡胶流道板硫化成一体；
其中，所述流道孔设置在所述流道管内。
本发明的进一步改进在于，所述流道管为直通孔或螺旋孔。
本发明的进一步改进在于，所述密封件的外侧边缘设置有金属环，所述外壁的底部内侧设置有与所述金属环配合的凹槽；
其中，所述金属环设置在所述凹槽内，并通过螺栓连接所述外壁。
本发明的进一步改进在于，所述密封件的内侧设置有凸起结构，所述凸起结构固定在所述芯轴的内部。
本发明的进一步改进在于，所述密封件的内侧设置有凸起结构，所述凸起结构固定在所述芯轴的内部。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：
本发明所述的液体复合弹簧，具有上液体腔室和下液体腔室，并且上液体腔室和下液体腔室之间通过流道体相连通，液体能够通过流道体在上液体腔室和下液体腔室之间流动，从而增强了减振的效果，同时能够提供变刚度和高阻尼性能。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的一个实施方案的液体复合弹簧的结构示意图；
图2是根据本发明的一个实施方案的金属橡胶主簧结构侧视示意图，显示了没有设置流道管的结构；
图3是根据本发明的一个实施方案的金属橡胶主簧结构立体示意图，显示了 没有设置流道管的结构；
图4是根据本发明的一个实施方案的金属橡胶主簧结构俯视示意图，显示了没有设置橡胶流道板的结构；
图5是根据本发明的一个实施方案的金属橡胶主簧结构侧视示意图，显示了设置流道管的结构；
图6是根据本发明的一个实施方案的金属橡胶主簧结构俯视示意图，显示了设置流道管的结构；
图7是根据本发明的一个实施方案的金属橡胶主簧结构立体示意图，显示了设置流道管的结构。
在附图中，相同的部件使用相同的附图标记。附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
在附图中各附图标记的含义如下：1、芯轴，2、外套，3、金属橡胶主簧，4、上液体腔室，5、下液体腔室，12、金属垫片，13、凹槽，14、橡胶垫，21、外壁，22、密封件，30、橡胶体，31、流道体，32、流道孔，33、隔板，34、流道管，35、金属环。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
图1示意性地显示了根据本发明的一个实施例的液体复合弹簧。根据本发明的液体复合弹簧，尤其能够在振动时，液体通过流道孔在上、下液体腔室内往复流动，从而提供了变刚度和阻尼效果。
图1和图2示意性地显示了根据本发明的第一实施例的液体复合弹簧，如图1所示，所述液体复合弹簧包括芯轴1。所述芯轴1上部连接有外套2，所述外套2的下部套设在所述芯轴1的上部。其中，所述芯轴1的上部位于所述外套2的内部，所述芯轴1的下部位于所述外套2的外部。所述外套2的内部的上部空间设置有上液体腔室4，所述上液体腔室4的下部的中部连接所述芯轴1的顶端。所述外套2的内部的下部设置有下液体腔室5，所述下液体腔室5与所述上液体腔室4之间设置有一定的空间，并且所述下液体腔室5和所述上液体腔室4之间设置有金属橡胶主簧3，所述金属橡胶主簧3内通过橡胶弹性材质和金属支撑组件组合而成。在本实施例中，金属橡胶主簧3内设置有至少一个流道体31，所述上液体腔室4内的液体和所述下液体腔室5内的液体通过所述流道体31相连通。
在使用根据本实施例所述的液体复合弹簧时，所述液体复合弹簧设置在转向架上。当车辆在轨道上行驶过程中产生振动时，所述芯轴1在所述外套2内移动，通过本实施例所述的液体复合弹簧中的上液体腔室4和所述下液体腔室5，能够通过流道体31流通液体，从而在芯轴1移动时改变上液体腔室4和下液体腔室5内的空间。在流体流通的过程中改变液体复合弹簧的阻尼效果和刚度。
在一个实施例中，所述外套2包括刚性的外壁21，以及柔性的密封件22。所述外壁21为筒形结构，所述密封件22设置在外壁21的下端。其中，所述密封件22密封所述下液体腔室5的下端。通过柔性的密封件22使所述下液体腔室5成为柔性的腔室。其中，所述密封件22的外部边缘连接所述外壁21的底部，其中部连接所述芯轴1。
在使用根据本实施例所述的液体复合弹簧时，所述外套2的底部设置柔性的密封件22，使所述下液体腔室5成为柔性液体腔室。在流体流动的过程中，下液体腔室5能够通过形变来改变体积，保证流体顺利流动。在芯轴1移动时，芯轴1与外套2的相对位置发生变化，从而带动流体流动，从而起到减振的效果。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述金属橡胶主簧包括橡胶体30，所述橡胶体30的中部连接所述芯轴1，外部连接所述外壁21，上端连接上液体腔室4，下端连接下液体腔室5。在本实施例中，所述橡胶体30内部设置有金属的隔板33。隔板33为环形或锥形的结构，与橡胶体30构成一个整体。
在一个实施例中，流道体31和隔板24均作为金属嵌件与橡胶体30硫化成一个整体形成金属橡胶主簧3。所述流道孔32贯穿所述橡胶体30连通所述上液体腔室4(如图1所示)。优选地，所述橡胶体30为在外壁21的上部硫化一层柔性的结构。其中，所述橡胶体30的中部与所述芯轴1固定相连。在另一个实施例中，所述橡胶体30设置在下液体腔室4的底部，并且与所述隔板33融合成一个整体(如图2所示)。
在根据本实施例所述的液体复合弹簧中，上液体腔室4的底部通过橡胶体30密封，当芯轴1移动时能够带动橡胶体30移动，一方面橡胶体30能够起到减振的作用，另一方面橡胶体30形变带动上液体腔室4变形，从而使流体流动，这样能够改变整体液体复合弹簧的刚度和阻尼效果。
在一个实施例中，所述橡胶体内设置有流道体31，所述流道体31为环形的结构，具体来说是一个圆环筒形或环锥形的结构。所述流道孔32均匀设置在流 道体31上。所述流道孔32构造成能够在所述上液体腔室4和所述下液体腔室5之间的流通液体，并在流动过程中产生一定的阻尼力。所述流道孔32能够使液体流动过程中产生一定的阻力，使液体在流动时具有一定的粘滞性，增强阻尼效果。在一个优选的实施例中，所述流道孔为直通孔，流道孔均匀设置在流道体内。在另一个优选的实施例中，所述流道孔为螺旋孔，盘绕在所述流道体的内部。流道孔的形状也可以是弯曲、弧形或倾斜的。
在根据本实施例所述的液体复合弹簧中，上液体腔室4和下液体腔室5通过流道孔32相连通，在本实施例所述液体复合弹簧受到垂向载荷时下液体腔室5液体通过流道管进入或流出到上液体腔室4，形成阻尼力，从而减少冲击，提高减振效果。
在一个优选的实施例中，如图3和图4所示，所述流道体31为刚性的金属阻尼流道板，所述流道孔32均匀开设在所述流道体31上。在根据本实施例所述的液体复合弹簧中，流道体31为金属浇铸或锻造而成的刚性材质，通过刚性的流道体31能够起到更好的支撑效果。这样，能够保证液体复合弹簧在发生形变时，流道体31不会发生形变而阻塞流道孔32。
在另一个优选的实施例中，如图4至图7所示，所述流道体31为柔性的橡胶流道板，所述橡胶流道板内均匀设置有若干流道管34，流道管34优选为刚性的材质，避免在液体复合弹簧发生形变的过程中阻塞流道管34。所述流道孔32设置在所述流道管34的内部。在本实施例中，所述流道管34通过预埋与橡胶流道板硫化成一体。
在根据本实施例所述的液体复合弹簧中，流道体31为柔性的橡胶流道板，橡胶流道板具有良好的弹性，增加了液体复合弹簧整体的弹性。通过设置流道管34能够避免流道体31发生形变时影响液体在流道孔32内流动。
在一个实施例中，所述隔板33与流道体31的形状接近，优选为圆环筒形或环锥形的结构。隔板33起到支撑的作用，隔板33之间的间隙填充所述橡胶体30，或者隔板33嵌套在橡胶体30的内部，其下端连接所述下液体腔室5的上端。所述隔板的横截面呈环形设置。其中，所述隔板的截面宽度不同，宽度较大的隔板套在宽度较小的隔板外，并间隔一定的距离，从而形成截面为环形的结构。并且，所述隔板33分别设置在所述流道体31的内环的内部和外环的外部。
优选地，在本实施例中位于内部的隔板30的长度较长，位于外部的隔板的 长度较短，隔板30的上端均连接所述上液体腔室4，其水平高度相对接近。下液体腔室5的上部设置为阶梯状的结构，靠内的位置较低。这样，在芯轴1上下移动时，带动橡胶体30和密封件22发生形变，从而使所述隔板30上下移动。
在一个实施例中，所述流道管34为直通孔或螺旋孔，设置在所述上液体腔室4和所述下液体腔室5之间。流道孔32整体可以是直通型的结构，也可以是倾斜的结构、或者弯曲的结构或者螺旋筒形。能够实现阻尼连通的均在本发明范围内。通过设置成螺旋形结构的方式能够增加流程，从而增强阻尼和减振效果。
在一个实施例中，所述密封件22的外侧边缘设置有金属环35，所述外壁21的底部内侧设置有与所述金属环35配合的凹槽13。所述凹槽13为环形，金属环35能够放置在所述凹槽13内。其中，金属环35、密封件22通过螺栓连接所述外壁21。优选地，所述金属环35和所述凹槽13之间还设置有橡胶垫14。
在根据本实施例所述的液体复合弹簧中，所述密封件22的外侧边缘设置有金属环35。由于所述密封件22采用柔性材质，通过金属环35能够更加稳固地与所述外壁21相连。所述外壁21上设置有凹槽13，用于限定金属环35的位置，使螺孔对应，从而便于拆装。通过所述橡胶垫14增强密封性，以增强下液体腔室5整体的密封性。
在一个实施例中，所述密封件22的内侧设置有凸起结构，所述凸起结构固定在所述芯轴1的内部。在本实施例中，所述芯轴1上设置有台阶结构，所述台阶结构上设置有与所述凸起机构相配合的凹槽，凸起结构卡接在所述凹槽内。所述台阶结构的下方设置有金属垫片12，所述金属垫片12设置在凸起结构的另一端，从而将凸起结构固定。
在根据本实施例所述的液体复合弹簧中，密封件22通过凸起结构能够卡接在芯轴1的内部，从而使密封件22与芯轴1稳固地连接，并且增强了密封性。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本发明进行了描述，但在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本发明并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种液体复合弹簧，包括：
    芯轴；
    外套，其套设在所述芯轴的上部，所述芯轴的上部位于所述外套的内部，所述芯轴的下部位于所述外套的外部；
    设置在所述外套内的上部的上液体腔室，所述上液体腔室的下端连接所述芯轴的顶部；以及
    设置在所述外套内的下部的下液体腔室，所述下液体腔室与所述上液体腔室之间通过金属橡胶主簧相连；
    其中，所述金属橡胶主簧内设置有至少一个流道体，所述上液体腔室内的液体和所述下液体腔室内的液体通过所述流道体相连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的液体复合弹簧，其特征在于，所述外套包括筒形的刚性的外壁，以及柔性的密封件，所述密封件密封所述下液体腔室的下端；
    其中，所述密封件的外部边缘连接所述外壁的底部，其中部连接所述芯轴。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的液体复合弹簧，其特征在于，所述金属橡胶主簧包括橡胶体，所述橡胶体的中部连接所述芯轴，外部连接所述外壁；并且所述橡胶体内部设置有金属的隔板。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的液体复合弹簧，其特征在于，所述橡胶体内设置环形的流道体，所述流道孔设置在所述流道体上；
    其中，所述流道孔构造成能够在所述上液体腔室和所述下液体腔室之间形成液体流通，并在流动过程中产生一定的阻尼力。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的液体复合弹簧，其特征在于，所述流道体为刚性的金属阻尼流道板，所述流道孔均匀开设在所述金属阻尼流道板上。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的液体复合弹簧，其特征在于，所述流道孔为直通孔或螺旋孔。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的液体复合弹簧，其特征在于，所述流道体为柔性的橡胶流道板，所述橡胶流道板内均匀设置有若干流道管，所述流道管通过预埋与橡胶流道板硫化成一体；
    其中，所述流道孔设置在所述流道管内。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的液体复合弹簧，其特征在于，所述流道管为直通孔或螺旋孔。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的液体复合弹簧，其特征在于，所述密封件的外侧边缘设置有金属环，所述外壁的底部内侧设置有与所述金属环配合的凹槽；
    其中，所述金属环设置在所述凹槽内，并通过螺栓连接所述外壁。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的液体复合弹簧，其特征在于，所述密封件的内侧设置有凸起结构，所述凸起结构固定在所述芯轴的内部。
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