WO2021042751A1 - 抗菌无纺布及其制备方法和具有该抗菌无纺布的口罩 - Google Patents

抗菌无纺布及其制备方法和具有该抗菌无纺布的口罩 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021042751A1
WO2021042751A1 PCT/CN2020/088655 CN2020088655W WO2021042751A1 WO 2021042751 A1 WO2021042751 A1 WO 2021042751A1 CN 2020088655 W CN2020088655 W CN 2020088655W WO 2021042751 A1 WO2021042751 A1 WO 2021042751A1
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Prior art keywords
woven fabric
antibacterial non
mask
antibacterial
parts
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PCT/CN2020/088655
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
韩建华
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韩建华
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Priority to JP2020560235A priority Critical patent/JP2022502574A/ja
Priority to US17/031,921 priority patent/US20210068479A1/en
Publication of WO2021042751A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021042751A1/zh

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/05—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting only a particular body part
    • A41D13/11—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres
    • A41D13/1192—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres with antimicrobial agent
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/30—Antimicrobial, e.g. antibacterial
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
    • D01F1/103—Agents inhibiting growth of microorganisms
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/44—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
    • D01F6/46—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyolefins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
    • D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
    • D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
    • D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
    • D01F9/16—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from products of vegetable origin or derivatives thereof, e.g. from cellulose acetate
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/007—Addition polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
    • D04H3/147—Composite yarns or filaments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/285—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acid amides or imides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of non-woven fabrics, in particular to an antibacterial non-woven fabric, a preparation method thereof, and a mask with the antibacterial non-woven fabric.
  • air pollutants are mainly divided into harmful gases and particulate matter.
  • air pollutants there are more than 100 kinds of air pollutants known.
  • Haze is an aerosol system formed by water vapor and particulate matter in the atmosphere.
  • Atmospheric particulate matter refers to a multiphase system mixture composed of solid or liquid particles suspended in the air.
  • the sources of atmospheric particulate matter are mainly divided into natural pathways and human activities; sand and dust storms in nature are the main source of atmospheric coarse particles, and natural actions such as volcanic eruptions also emit a certain amount of atmospheric particulate matter.
  • the anthropogenic sources of particulate matter mainly refer to various combustions. Reactions, transportation and industrial processes, etc. There are obvious differences in the damage caused by fine particles of different sources, properties, and composition to the body. According to a study in the United States, for every increase in the concentration of fine particles from automobile exhaust by 10 ⁇ g/m3, the total mortality rate increases by 3.4%; There is no correlation between fine particulate matter, whose main source is ground dust, and total mortality.
  • the physical, chemical and optical properties of atmospheric particulate matter are closely related to the particle size, and the particle size of the atmospheric particulate matter can determine the atmospheric life of the particulate matter and the location and toxicity of the final entry into the human body.
  • the particle size of atmospheric particles generally adopts the effective diameter notation, that is, the aerodynamic diameter.
  • the total suspended particles with a particle size of 10-100 ⁇ m cannot be breathed into the nasal cavity.
  • the coarse particles with a particle size of 2.5-10 ⁇ m mostly stay in the nose and pharynx.
  • the fine particles with a particle size of less than 2.5 ⁇ m are often heard.
  • PM2.5 and PM2.5 can reach the alveoli deeply.
  • the particle size of fine particles is small and the surface area is relatively large.
  • the surface adsorbs a large amount of organic pollutants, acid oxides, nano-quartz and other minerals, toxic heavy metals, bacteria and germs, etc. It enters the human body through the respiratory tract, especially the ultrafine particles of about 0.1 ⁇ m are deposited in the lungs, and can even penetrate the alveoli and enter the blood circulation, which is the most harmful to human health.
  • the dust blocking efficiency of a mask is based on its blocking efficiency for fine dust, especially for respirable dust below 5 microns. Because dust of this particle size can directly enter the alveoli, it has the greatest impact on human health.
  • General gauze masks the principle of dust blocking is mechanical filtration, that is, when dust hits the gauze, it passes through layers of barriers, blocking some large particles of dust in the sand cloth. However, some fine dust, especially dust less than 5 microns, will pass through the mesh of the gauze and enter the respiratory system.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an antibacterial non-woven fabric, a preparation method thereof, and a mask with the antibacterial non-woven fabric.
  • an antibacterial non-woven fabric the raw material of the antibacterial non-woven fabric includes the following components in weight ratio: polypropylene 75-100 parts, sodium styrene sulfonate 10-25 Parts, 10-20 parts of silane coupling agent, 0.15-1 parts of polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, 0.05-0.4 parts of zinc salt, 1-5 parts of bamboo charcoal fiber, 0.01-0.1 parts of nano-grade fumed silica.
  • the invention also discloses a preparation method of the antibacterial non-woven fabric, which comprises the following steps:
  • step (3) Mix the polypropylene mixture obtained in step (2) with bamboo charcoal fiber at 45 ⁇ 5°C for 1 ⁇ 0.5h, then add the composite antibacterial agent in step (3), stir for 20 ⁇ 5min and then stand for 1.5 ⁇ 0.5h to obtain the antibacterial fiber solution, and then spin to obtain the antibacterial non-woven fiber;
  • step (4) Place the antibacterial non-woven fabric fibers in step (4) on a mold for positioning and alignment, and heat-press to form a fiber network structure;
  • the preparation steps of bamboo charcoal fiber are as follows:
  • the invention also discloses a mask with an antibacterial non-woven fabric, which includes a mask body, a mask belt, and a nose strip.
  • the mask body includes at least one antibacterial non-woven fabric layer, at least one filter fabric layer, and the antibacterial non-woven fabric The layer is bonded to the filter cloth layer, the filter cloth layer is set away from the face, and the antibacterial non-woven fabric layer is set close to the face;
  • the mask belt is set on the side of the mask body and is used to closely fit the mask body and the face;
  • the nose strip is set on The upper part of the mask body is used to closely fit the mask body and the bridge of the nose;
  • the material of the antibacterial non-woven fabric layer is the antibacterial non-woven fabric as described above.
  • the mask straps are arranged on both sides of the mask body through an ear-hook type, a headgear type or a strap type.
  • protective glasses are also provided on the mask body.
  • the present invention has beneficial effects: the antibacterial nonwoven fabric prepared by the preparation method of the present invention is processed into a certain size antibacterial nonwoven fabric layer for use in a mask, and the antibacterial nonwoven fabric layer concentrates antibacterial , And cooperate with the filter cloth layer in the mask body to effectively filter out dust particles.
  • the mask belt makes the face and the mask body closely fit together to prevent air from passing through the gap, and the role of the nose strip makes the mask body and the bridge of the nose no Air circulation promotes the air from the structural layer to enter the mouth and nose through each layer of the mask body for sterilization and filtration, which prevents bacteria from spreading through air and saliva and achieves a preventive effect.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the mask structure with ear-hook mask straps on the mask body of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the mask structure with a headgear-type mask belt provided on the mask body of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the mask structure with a lace-type mask belt provided on the mask body of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a mask provided with protective glasses on the mask body of the present invention.
  • the raw material of the antibacterial non-woven fabric includes the following components in weight ratio: 75-100 parts of polypropylene, 10-25 parts of sodium styrene sulfonate, 10-20 parts of silane coupling agent, and polyhexamethylene 0.15 to 1 part of base biguanide hydrochloride, 0.05 to 0.4 part of zinc salt, 1 to 5 parts of bamboo charcoal fiber, 0.01 to 0.1 part of nano-grade fumed silica.
  • polyhexamethylene biguanide has a broad spectrum of sterilization, low effective concentration, fast action speed, stable properties, and high-quality properties of being easily soluble in water. It can be used at room temperature, has long-term bacteriostasis, no side effects, and no side effects. Corrosive, colorless, odorless, non-toxic, non-flammable, non-explosive, safe to use, it is the best biocide in practice.
  • polyhexamethylene biguanide 0.02% polyhexamethylene biguanide has a sterilization rate of 100% against Escherichia coli; 0.02% polyhexamethylene biguanide has a sterilization rate of 100% against Staphylococcus aureus; 0.02% polyhexamethylene biguanide has a sterilization rate of 100% against Staphylococcus aureus.
  • the sterilization rate of hexamethylene biguanide against Candida albicans is 100%; the sterilization rate of 0.05% polyhexamethylene biguanide against Neisseria gonorrhoeae is 100%; the on-site sterilization test has a sterilization rate of 99.8% on the surface of objects, which is greater than the national disinfection index of 90%. In the field sterilization test, the sterilization rate of the palm surface is 97.65% greater than the national standard of 90%. Therefore, the present invention adopts polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride with obvious antibacterial effect, and has killing ability against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi (various types of ringworm and mold) and yeast.
  • Zinc ion (Zn) participates in the activities of many enzymes related to human health. Zinc itself has astringent, antibacterial, anti-dandruff, and protective effects. Zinc ions participate in the differentiation of epithelial tissues and have anti-inflammatory effects. At the same time, zinc ions can reduce ultraviolet-induced cell and gene damage, and can improve the tolerance of skin fibroblasts to oxidative emergency response. Therefore, in the present invention, zinc salt is used in combination with polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride.
  • Polypropylene (PP) as a carrier has low density, good heat resistance, high strength, chemical stability, translucent colorless solid, odorless and non-toxic, and polypropylene as a carrier is light in weight, good in warmth, and low in moisture absorption. It almost does not absorb moisture, and its moisture regain under general atmospheric conditions is close to zero, but it has a wicking effect and can transmit water vapor through the capillary in the fabric, but it does not absorb any moisture.
  • the invention also discloses a preparation method of the antibacterial non-woven fabric, which comprises the following steps:
  • step (3) Mix the polypropylene mixture obtained in step (2) with bamboo charcoal fiber at 45 ⁇ 5°C for 1 ⁇ 0.5h, then add the composite antibacterial agent in step (3), stir for 20 ⁇ 5min and then stand for 1.5 ⁇ 0.5h to obtain the antibacterial fiber solution, and then spin to obtain the antibacterial non-woven fiber;
  • step (4) Place the antibacterial non-woven fabric fibers in step (4) on a mold for positioning and alignment, and heat-press to form a fiber network structure;
  • the antibacterial nonwoven fabric obtained by the preparation method of the present invention has strong antibacterial function, moisture absorption and perspiration comfort, and the antibacterial nonwoven fabric is suitable for making the antibacterial nonwoven fabric layer of masks, and the prepared masks are antibacterial, comfortable, and non-woven. Toxic, odorless, and flame retardant, it is the first choice to prevent cross-infection.
  • the preparation steps of bamboo charcoal fiber are as follows:
  • bamboo charcoal fiber in the process of use, the bamboo charcoal fiber is fully utilized to generate negative ions and far infrared rays, partially disinfected and sterilized, and increases the healthy negative ions in the air.
  • the bamboo charcoal fiber manufactured by this manufacturing method is suitable For ordinary use, its surface is smooth, it feels soft, it has excellent antibacterial, sterilization and hygroscopicity, the cost is reduced, and it meets and improves the requirements of various hygiene indicators.
  • the present invention also discloses a mask with an antibacterial non-woven fabric, which includes a mask body 1, a mask belt 2, and a nose strip 3.
  • the mask body 1 includes at least one antibacterial non-woven fabric layer 11 , At least one filter cloth layer 12, the antibacterial non-woven fabric layer 11 and the filter cloth layer 12 are bonded, the filter cloth layer 12 is set away from the face, and the antibacterial non-woven fabric layer 11 is set close to the face;
  • the mask band 2 is set on the mask body 1 is used to closely fit the mask body 1 to the face;
  • the nose strip 3 is arranged on the upper part of the mask body 1 and is used to closely fit the mask body 1 to the bridge of the nose;
  • the material of the antibacterial non-woven fabric layer 11 is right The antibacterial non-woven fabric of Requirement 1.
  • the mask band 2 is provided on both sides of the mask body 1 through an ear-hook type, a headgear type or a strap type.
  • protective glasses 4 are also provided on the mask body 1. Further, the protective glasses 4 adopt transparent lenses, and the lens material is PET (polyester film).
  • the nose strip 3 is made of a bendable plastic material or metal wire wrapped with plastic, and the length of the nose strip 3 should not be less than 8.0cm;
  • the mask band 2 is made of rubber band and measured with a static tension of 10N. For 5 seconds, the breaking strength at the connection point of each mask strap 2 and mask body 1 is not less than 10N.
  • the mask of the present invention when used, after the mask is worn, it should be able to cover the mouth, nose, and jaw of the wearer.
  • the antibacterial performance test of the mask of the present invention is carried out according to the shaking method in the third part of GB/T20944.3-2008 textile antibacterial performance evaluation: Candida albicans bacteriostatic rate reaches 99%, Escherichia coli bacteriostatic rate reaches 99%, golden yellow grapes The cocci inhibition rate reaches 99%.
  • the ethylene oxide residue of the mask of the present invention According to the method specified in Appendix G of GB15980-2003, the ethylene oxide residue should not be less than 10 ⁇ g/g.
  • Test the bacterial filtration efficiency of the mask of the present invention randomly select 3 samples for the test, and test according to the test method of bacterial filtration efficiency (under the specified flow rate, the mask material filters out the percentage of bacteria-containing suspended particles) in YY0469 to obtain the bacterial filtration
  • the efficiency is not less than 95%.
  • Test the ventilation resistance of the mask of the present invention (the resistance of the mask under the specified area and the specified flow rate, expressed by the pressure difference): randomly select 3 samples for the test, take the middle part of the mask, and adjust the gas flow rate for the test to (8 ⁇ 0.2 )L/min, the diameter of the sample test area is 25mm, and the test area of the test sample is A.
  • ⁇ P the pressure difference value per square centimeter of the test sample, the unit is Pa/cm2
  • M the pressure difference value of the test sample, the unit is Pa (Pa)
  • A the test area of the test sample, the unit is square centimeter (cm2)
  • the ventilation resistance of the gas exchange on both sides of the mask is not more than 9Pa/cm2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)

Abstract

一种抗菌无纺布，包括以下重量比组分：聚丙烯75～100份、苯乙烯磺酸钠10～25份、硅烷偶联剂10～20份、聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐0.15～1份、锌盐0.05～0.4份、竹炭纤维1～5份、纳米级气相二氧化硅0.01～0.1份。还公开了该抗菌无纺布的制备方法以及具有该抗菌无纺布的口罩，该抗菌无纺布经过加工成一定尺寸的抗菌无纺布层用于口罩内，集中抗菌，滤掉灰尘颗粒物，防止空气从缝隙中通过，无空气流通，从结构层上促使空气经过口罩本体的各层进行杀菌过滤后进入口鼻，起到阻止细菌通过空气和唾液进行传播，达到预防作用。

Description

抗菌无纺布及其制备方法和具有该抗菌无纺布的口罩 技术领域
本发明涉及无纺布技术领域，尤其涉及了抗菌无纺布及其制备方法和具有该抗菌无纺布的口罩。
 背景技术
随着现代社会环境污染的加重，大气污染物主要分为有害气体及颗粒物。大气污染物目前已知的约有100多种。有自然因素和人为因素两种，并且以后者为主要因素，尤其是工业生产和交通运输所造成的污染。
雾霾是大气中水汽与颗粒物形成气溶胶体系，大气颗粒物是指悬浮于空气中的固体或者液体微粒组成的多相体系混合物。大气颗粒物来源方式主要分为自然途径和人类活动两类；自然界的沙尘暴是大气粗颗粒的主要源，而火山喷发等自然行为也会排放一定量的大气颗粒物，颗粒物的人为源主要指各种燃烧反应、交通和工业过程等。不同来源、性质、组成成分的细颗粒物对机体造成的损伤存在明显的差异，据美国一项研究，对于汽车尾气来源的细颗粒物浓度每升高10μg/m3，总死亡率增加3.4％；而以地表扬尘为主要来源的细颗粒物与总死亡率没有相关。
大气颗粒物的物理、化学和光学性质与粒径密切相关，且大气颗粒物的粒度能决定颗粒物的大气寿命和最终进入人体的部位和毒性。大气颗粒物的粒径目前普遍采用有效直径表示法，即采用空气动力学直径。粒径在10～100μm的总悬浮颗粒物不能被呼吸进入鼻腔，粒径在2.5～10μm的粗颗粒物大部分在停留在鼻、咽区，粒径在小于2.5μm的细颗粒物就是大家常听说的PM2.5，PM2.5可深达肺泡，细颗粒物粒径小，表面积相对大，其表面吸附了大量的有机污染物、酸性氧化物、纳米石英等矿物质、有毒重金属、细菌和病菌等，经过呼吸道而进入人体，特别是0.1μm左右超细颗粒物沉积在肺部，甚至可穿透肺泡进入血液循环，对人体健康危害最大。     口罩的阻尘效率的高低是以其对微细粉尘，尤其对5微米以下的呼吸性粉尘的阻隔效率为标准。因为这一粒径的粉尘能直接入肺泡，对人体健康造成的影响最大。一般的纱布口罩，其阻尘原理是机械式过滤，就是当粉尘冲撞到纱布时，经过—层层的阻隔，将一些大颗粒粉尘阻隔在沙布中。但是，对一些微细粉尘，尤其是小于5微米的粉尘，就会从纱布的网眼中穿过去，进入呼吸***。
现有口罩长时间佩戴后口罩上面容易积留病毒病菌等，使用两个小时后就要摘下，及时清洗消毒。因此，口罩内具有抗菌无纺布的开发，为人类拒绝PM2.5开辟了健康之路。
 技术问题
针对现有技术存在的不足，本发明的目的就在于提供了抗菌无纺布及其制备方法和具有该抗菌无纺布的口罩。
 技术解决方案
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是这样的：一种抗菌无纺布，抗菌无纺布的原料包括以下重量比组分：聚丙烯75～100份、苯乙烯磺酸钠10～25份、硅烷偶联剂10～20份、聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐0.15～1份、锌盐0.05～0.4份、竹炭纤维1～5份、纳米级气相二氧化硅0.01～0.1份。
本发明还公开了一种抗菌无纺布的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)称料：称取以下重量比组分：聚丙烯75～100份、苯乙烯磺酸钠10～25份、硅烷偶联剂10～20份、聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐0.15～1份、锌盐0.05～0.4份、竹炭纤维1～5份、纳米级气相二氧化硅0.01～0.1份；
(2)将称取好的聚丙烯、苯乙烯磺酸钠、硅烷偶联剂的水溶液水浴加热至60±2℃，保温并搅拌2.5±0.5h，再进过紫外照射15±2min后降温至25±2℃，得到聚丙烯混合物；
(3)将称取好的聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐、锌盐采用水溶液反应法制得复合物溶液，再加入纳米级气相二氧化硅得到复合抗菌剂；其中以不同粘均相对分子质量的聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐作为配体，同时按照5-6％的比例添加锌盐，合成出稳定的小颗粒团聚而来的微米级Zn-PHMB阳离子配合物；
(4)将步骤(2)中得到的聚丙烯混合物与竹炭纤维在45±5℃下混合搅拌1±0.5h，再加入步骤(3)中的复合抗菌剂，搅拌20±5min后静置1.5±0.5h，得到抗菌纤维溶液，然后纺丝得到抗菌无纺布纤维；
(5)将步骤(4)中的抗菌无纺布纤维置于模上定位排列，热压形成纤网结构；
(6)在浆纱机内加入阴离子聚丙烯酰胺溶液作为上浆液，将抗菌无纺布纤维纤网以70±5米/分钟的速度浸到温度为90±5℃的浆料后，进入温度为135±5℃的烘房烘干；
(7)将上浆并烘干后的抗菌无纺布纤维纤网经过平幅后，二次退浆，温水清洗出缸，向纤网上喷洒臭氧油剂；
(8)将退浆后的纤网烘干定性制得抗菌无纺布产品。
作为一种优选方案，竹炭纤维的制备步骤如下：
(1)以毛竹为原料进行清洗，并在无菌环境下利用50±5℃的温度烘干，然后均匀裁切后置入炭化炉；
(2)在纯氧高温环境下炭化，设置炭化炉的初烧温度为400±50℃，初烧时间为1±0.5h；设置炭化炉的煅烧温度为850±50℃，煅烧时间为3±0.5h；炭化过程中采用纯度为98％的氮气进行阻隔；
(3)得到炭化后的竹炭纤维产品。
本发明还公开了一种具有抗菌无纺布的口罩，包括口罩本体、口罩带、鼻条，口罩本体包括至少一层的抗菌无纺布层、至少一层的过滤布层，抗菌无纺布层与过滤布层相粘结，过滤布层远离面部设置、抗菌无纺布层靠近面部设置；口罩带设置于口罩本体的侧部，并用于将口罩本体与面部紧密贴合；鼻条设置于口罩本体的上部，并用于将口罩本体与鼻梁紧密贴合；抗菌无纺布层的材质为如上所述的抗菌无纺布。
作为一种优选方案，口罩带通过耳挂式或头套式或系带式设置于口罩本体的两侧。
作为一种优选方案，口罩本体上还设置有防护镜。
 有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果：通过将本发明的制备方法制得的抗菌无纺布经过加工成一定尺寸的抗菌无纺布层用于口罩内，抗菌无纺布层集中抗菌，并配合口罩本体内的过滤布层有效的滤掉灰尘颗粒物，同时口罩带使得面部与口罩本体紧密贴合在一起，防止空气从缝隙中通过，而鼻条的作用使得口罩本体和鼻梁处无空气流通，从结构层上促使空气经过口罩本体的各层进行杀菌过滤后进入口鼻，起到阻止细菌通过空气和唾液进行传播，达到预防作用。
 附图说明
图1是本发明中口罩本体上设置有耳挂式口罩带的口罩结构示意图；
图2是本发明中口罩本体上设置有头套式口罩带的口罩结构示意图；
图3是本发明中口罩本体上设置有系带式口罩带的口罩结构示意图；
图4是本发明中口罩本体上设置有防护镜的口罩结构示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1：
一种抗菌无纺布，抗菌无纺布的原料包括以下重量比组分：聚丙烯75～100份、苯乙烯磺酸钠10～25份、硅烷偶联剂10～20份、聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐0.15～1份、锌盐0.05～0.4份、竹炭纤维1～5份、纳米级气相二氧化硅0.01～0.1份。
具体的，聚六亚甲基双胍(PHMB)具有杀菌广谱，有效浓度低，作用速度快，性质稳定，易溶于水的优质性能，可在常温下使用，长期抑菌，无副作用，无腐蚀性，无色，无嗅，无毒，不燃，不爆，使用安全，是实际中最佳的杀菌剂。聚六亚甲基双胍的杀菌效果：0.02％的聚六亚甲基双胍对大肠杆菌杀菌率100％；0.02％的聚六亚甲基双胍对金黄色葡萄球菌杀菌率100％；0.02％的聚六亚甲基双胍对白色念珠菌杀菌率100％；0.05％的聚六亚甲基双胍对***杀菌率100％；现场杀菌试验对物体表面杀菌率99.8％大于国家规定90％的消毒指标，现场杀菌试验对手掌表面杀菌率97.65％大于国家规定90％的消毒指标。因此，本发明采用聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐抗菌效果明显，对革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌、真菌(多种癣菌和霉菌)和酵母菌均具有杀伤能力。
锌离子(Zn)参与许多和人体健康相关酶的活性，锌本身具有收敛、抑菌、去屑、保护等作用。锌离子参与上皮组织分化，有抗炎作用。同时，锌离子能够降低紫外线诱导的细胞和基因损伤，能够提高皮肤成纤细胞对氧化应急反应的耐受能力。因此，本发明采用锌盐与聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐配合使用。
聚丙烯(PP)作为载体，具有密度小，耐热好，强度大，化学稳定，颜色为半透明无色固体，无嗅无毒，聚丙烯作为载体质轻，保暖性好，吸湿性很小几乎不吸湿，在一般大气条件下的回潮率接近于零，但其本身有芯吸作用，能够通过织物中的毛细管传递水蒸气，但本身不吸收任何水分。
实施例2：
本发明还公开了一种抗菌无纺布的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)称料：称取以下重量比组分：聚丙烯75～100份、苯乙烯磺酸钠10～25份、硅烷偶联剂10～20份、聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐0.15～1份、锌盐0.05～0.4份、竹炭纤维1～5份、纳米级气相二氧化硅0.01～0.1份；
(2)将称取好的聚丙烯、苯乙烯磺酸钠、硅烷偶联剂的水溶液水浴加热至60±2℃，保温并搅拌2.5±0.5h，再进过紫外照射15±2min后降温至25±2℃，得到聚丙烯混合物；
(3)将称取好的聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐、锌盐采用水溶液反应法制得复合物溶液，再加入纳米级气相二氧化硅得到复合抗菌剂；其中以不同粘均相对分子质量的聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐作为配体，同时按照5-6％的比例添加锌盐，合成出稳定的小颗粒团聚而来的微米级Zn-PHMB阳离子配合物；
(4)将步骤(2)中得到的聚丙烯混合物与竹炭纤维在45±5℃下混合搅拌1±0.5h，再加入步骤(3)中的复合抗菌剂，搅拌20±5min后静置1.5±0.5h，得到抗菌纤维溶液，然后纺丝得到抗菌无纺布纤维；
(5)将步骤(4)中的抗菌无纺布纤维置于模上定位排列，热压形成纤网结构；
(6)在浆纱机内加入阴离子聚丙烯酰胺溶液作为上浆液，将抗菌无纺布纤维纤网以70±5米/分钟的速度浸到温度为90±5℃的浆料后，进入温度为135±5℃的烘房烘干；
(7)将上浆并烘干后的抗菌无纺布纤维纤网经过平幅后，二次退浆，温水清洗出缸，向纤网上喷洒臭氧油剂；
(8)将退浆后的纤网烘干定性制得抗菌无纺布产品。
具体的，经过本发明的制备方法得到的抗菌无纺布具有抗菌功能强大，吸湿排汗舒适，抗菌无纺布适用于制作口罩的抗菌无纺布层，制得的口罩具有抗菌，舒适，无毒，无嗅，阻燃，是防止交叉传染的首选产品。
优选的，竹炭纤维的制备步骤如下：
(1)以毛竹为原料进行清洗，并在无菌环境下利用50±5℃的温度烘干，然后均匀裁切后置入炭化炉；
(2)在纯氧高温环境下炭化，设置炭化炉的初烧温度为400±50℃，初烧时间为1±0.5h；设置炭化炉的煅烧温度为850±50℃，煅烧时间为3±0.5h；炭化过程中采用纯度为98％的氮气进行阻隔；
(3)得到炭化后的竹炭纤维产品。
具体的，由于加入了竹炭纤维的成分，在使用的过程当中，充分利用竹炭纤维产生负离子和远红外线，部分消毒灭菌，增加空气中有益健康的负离子，采用这种制造方法制造的竹炭纤维适用于普通的使用，其表面光洁，手感松软，具有优良的抑菌杀菌性和吸湿性，成本降低，符合并提高多方面的卫生指标要求。
实施例3：
如图1～4所示，本发明还公开了一种具有抗菌无纺布的口罩，包括口罩本体1、口罩带2、鼻条3，口罩本体1包括至少一层的抗菌无纺布层11、至少一层的过滤布层12，抗菌无纺布层11与过滤布层12相粘结，过滤布层12远离面部设置、抗菌无纺布层11靠近面部设置；口罩带2设置于口罩本体1的侧部，并用于将口罩本体1与面部紧密贴合；鼻条3设置于口罩本体1的上部，并用于将口罩本体1与鼻梁紧密贴合；抗菌无纺布层11的材质为权利要求1的抗菌无纺布。
优选的，口罩带2通过耳挂式或头套式或系带式设置于口罩本体1的两侧。
优选的，口罩本体1上还设置有防护镜4。进一步的，防护镜4采用透明镜片，且镜片材料为PET(涤纶薄膜)。
优选的，鼻条3由可弯折的可塑性材料或外包塑料的金属丝制成，鼻条3的长度应不小于8.0cm；口罩带2采用橡筋制成，以10N的静拉力进行测量，持续5秒，每根口罩带2与口罩本体1连接点处的断裂强力不小于10N。
具体的，本发明的口罩在使用时，口罩佩戴好后，应能罩住佩戴者的口、鼻至下颌。
对本发明的口罩按GB/T20944.3-2008纺织品抗菌性能的评价第3部分的振荡法进行抗菌性能测试：白色念球菌抑菌率达到99％，大肠杆菌抑菌率达到99％，金黄色葡萄球菌抑率达到99％。
对本发明的口罩进行环氧乙烷残留量测试：按照GB15980-2003中附录G规定的方法进行试验得到环氧乙烷残留量应不小于10μg/g。
对本发明的口罩进行细菌过滤效率测试：随机抽取3个样品进行试验，按照YY0469中细菌过滤效率(在规定流量下，口罩材料对含菌悬浮粒子滤除的百分数)测试方法进行试验，得到细菌过滤效率不小于95％。
对本发明的口罩进行通气阻力(口罩在规定面积和规定流量下的阻力，用压差表示)测试：随机抽取3个样品进行试验，取口罩中间部位，试验用气体流量需调整至(8±0.2)L/min，样品测试区直径为25mm，测试样品试验面积为A，用压差计或等效设备测定口罩两侧压差，按公式ΔP＝M/A计算通气阻力，其中式中：ΔP为试验样品每平方厘米面积的压力差值，单位为帕每平方厘米(Pa/cm2)；M为试验样品压差值，单位为帕(Pa)，A为试验样品测试面积，单位为平方厘米(cm2)，得到口罩两侧面进行气体交换的通气阻力不大于9Pa/cm2。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变形，这些改进和变形也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种抗菌无纺布，其特征在于，所述抗菌无纺布的原料包括以下重量比组分：聚丙烯75～100份、苯乙烯磺酸钠10～25份、硅烷偶联剂10～20份、聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐0.15～1份、锌盐0.05～0.4份、竹炭纤维1～5份、纳米级气相二氧化硅0.01～0.1份。
  2. 一种抗菌无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    (1)称料：称取以下重量比组分：聚丙烯75～100份、苯乙烯磺酸钠10～25份、硅烷偶联剂10～20份、聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐0.15～1份、锌盐0.05～0.4份、竹炭纤维1～5份、纳米级气相二氧化硅0.01～0.1份；    
    (2)将称取好的聚丙烯、苯乙烯磺酸钠、硅烷偶联剂的水溶液水浴加热至60±2℃，保温并搅拌2.5±0.5h，再进过紫外照射15±2min后降温至25±2℃，得到聚丙烯混合物；    
    (3)将称取好的聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐、锌盐采用水溶液反应法制得复合物溶液，再加入纳米级气相二氧化硅得到复合抗菌剂；其中以不同粘均相对分子质量的聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐作为配体，同时按照5-6％的比例添加锌盐，合成出稳定的小颗粒团聚而来的微米级Zn-PHMB阳离子配合物；    
    (4)将步骤(2)中得到的聚丙烯混合物与竹炭纤维在45±5℃下混合搅拌1±0.5h，再加入步骤(3)中的复合抗菌剂，搅拌20±5min后静置1.5±0.5h，得到抗菌纤维溶液，然后纺丝得到抗菌无纺布纤维；    
    (5)将步骤(4)中的抗菌无纺布纤维置于模上定位排列，热压形成纤网结构；    
    (6)在浆纱机内加入阴离子聚丙烯酰胺溶液作为上浆液，将抗菌无纺布纤维纤网以70±5米/分钟的速度浸到温度为90±5℃的浆料后，进入温度为135±5℃的烘房烘干；    
    (7)将上浆并烘干后的抗菌无纺布纤维纤网经过平幅后，二次退浆，温水清洗出缸，向纤网上喷洒臭氧油剂；    
    (8)将退浆后的纤网烘干定性制得抗菌无纺布产品。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述抗菌无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于，所述竹炭纤维的制备步骤如下：    
    (1)以毛竹为原料进行清洗，并在无菌环境下利用50±5℃的温度烘干，然后均匀裁切后置入炭化炉；    
    (2)在纯氧高温环境下炭化，设置炭化炉的初烧温度为400±50℃，初烧时间为1±0.5h；设置炭化炉的煅烧温度为850±50℃，煅烧时间为3±0.5h；炭化过程中采用纯度为98％的氮气进行阻隔；    
    (3)得到炭化后的竹炭纤维产品。
  4. 一种具有抗菌无纺布的口罩，其特征在于：包括口罩本体、口罩带、鼻条，所述口罩本体包括至少一层的抗菌无纺布层、至少一层的过滤布层，所述抗菌无纺布层与过滤布层相粘结，所述过滤布层远离面部设置、抗菌无纺布层靠近面部设置；所述口罩带设置于口罩本体的侧部，并用于将口罩本体与面部紧密贴合；所述鼻条设置于口罩本体的上部，并用于将口罩本体与鼻梁紧密贴合；所述抗菌无纺布层的材质为权利要求1所述的抗菌无纺布。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的口罩，其特征在于：所述口罩带通过耳挂式或头套式或系带式设置于口罩本体的两侧。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的口罩，其特征在于：所述口罩本体上还设置有防护镜。
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