WO2021036206A1 - Variable-polarity three-wire gas-shielded indirect arc welding method and device, and use thereof - Google Patents

Variable-polarity three-wire gas-shielded indirect arc welding method and device, and use thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021036206A1
WO2021036206A1 PCT/CN2020/075670 CN2020075670W WO2021036206A1 WO 2021036206 A1 WO2021036206 A1 WO 2021036206A1 CN 2020075670 W CN2020075670 W CN 2020075670W WO 2021036206 A1 WO2021036206 A1 WO 2021036206A1
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welding
polarity
variable
wire
arc
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PCT/CN2020/075670
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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刘黎明
宋刚
张兆栋
王红阳
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大连理工大学
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Priority to JP2021503552A priority Critical patent/JP7030371B2/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of material processing, and relates to a variable polarity indirect arc welding method, in particular, to a variable polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc welding method, device and application thereof.
  • the thick plate narrow gap welding technology can reduce the welding area by more than 30%, greatly save the filling material, and significantly improve the welding efficiency.
  • the welding torch is connected to one pole of the power source, the workpiece is connected to the other pole of the power source, and a conductive path is established between the plate and the workpiece.
  • the welding wire of MIG/MAG welding can easily arc with the side wall of the plate, resulting in the generation of unfused defects at the root of the weld, which limits the reduction of the plate butt gap.
  • the workpiece of indirect arc welding is not connected to the power source, and the arc is only generated between the electrodes. It can effectively avoid the arcing of the side wall in narrow gap welding.
  • the research of indirect arc mainly focuses on double-wire indirect arc welding [4-5] , and double-wire indirect arc has obvious shortcomings of insufficient heat input.
  • the invention patent proposes a three-wire gas shielded indirect arc welding method, as shown in Figure 1, which is the principle diagram of three-wire indirect arc welding, the main wire The negative poles of the two DC power supplies are connected, and the two wires are respectively connected to the positive poles of the two DC power supplies.
  • the introduction of the third welding wire improves the distribution of the magnetic field around the indirect arc and expands the adjustable range of indirect arc welding parameters.
  • the shortcoming of insufficient heat input of indirect arc is improved.
  • this method still has shortcomings.
  • the two side wires are symmetrical about the center of the main wire, so that the magnetic field between the main wire and the side wire is symmetrical about the center of the main wire, causing the two indirect arcs to be independent of each other and offset at the tail, which causes arc butt welding
  • the heating effect at the center of the seam is weak, and it is easy to produce defects in the center of the weld and the lack of fusion between layers.
  • the invention patent proposes a new three-wire gas shielded indirect arc welding method, device and its application. As shown in Figure 2, it is a new type of three-wire indirect arc welding.
  • the principle diagram of the main wire is connected to the positive poles of the two DC power supplies, and the side wires are respectively connected to the negative poles of the two DC power supplies.
  • the power supply connection method adjusts the distribution of the magnetic field and electric field around the welding wire, so that the two indirect arcs can be combined together, and the arc shape is concentrated , Further improve the penetration of three-wire indirect arc welding.
  • this method also has shortcomings.
  • the concentration of arc morphology leads to less heating of the indirect arc on the sidewall of the weld, and it is easy to produce defects in the weld sidewall.
  • variable-polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc welding method realizes the periodic regulation of the magnetic field distribution around the welding wire by adopting two variable polarity welding power sources, and further realizes the regulation of the indirect arc heating position.
  • the main wire is positive, the arc shape is concentrated, which can ensure good fusion between weld layers; when the main wire is negative, the arc is deflected to both sides to ensure good fusion of the side walls of the weld.
  • the variable polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc welding of the invention solves the problems of non-melting of side walls and non-melting of weld layers in narrow gap welding.
  • a variable-polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc welding method uses three welding wires and two variable-polarity power supplies to implement a welding process; it is characterized in that it specifically includes:
  • the welding workpiece is not connected to the two power sources with variable polarity
  • variable-polarity power supplies are started at the same time, and the two variable-polarity power supplies work synchronously and the polarity connected to the main wire is always the same.
  • the negative pole changes, the magnetic field distribution around the welding wire is periodically controlled, and the welding process of the periodic oscillation of the coupled indirect arc is realized.
  • the two side wires are respectively arranged on both sides of the main wire and are symmetrically distributed with respect to the main wire; the two side wires respectively form an angle of 20° to 120° with the main wire, and the two side wires Intersect with the extension line of the main filament respectively and the two intersection points are on the same horizontal line, and the two side filaments are mirror-symmetrical with respect to the main filament.
  • the two indirect arcs are deflected to the two wires, the coupling arc becomes dispersed, and the arc energy density decreases;
  • the main wire is connected to the two
  • the positive pole of the variable polarity welding power source is turned on, the two indirect arcs are deflected to the main wire, the arc becomes concentrated, and the energy density of the coupled arc increases;
  • the coupling indirect arc with the energy density flexibly adjustable is used to process the base material,
  • Change the control parameters of the two variable-polarity welding power sources, the control parameters include but are not limited to the frequency, duty cycle, current, voltage and other parameters of the power source, so as to realize the precise and flexible control process of the heat input of the welding wire and the base metal .
  • the frequency of the two polarity-changing power supplies is 10 Hz-500 Hz, and the output currents are in the same direction and phase, and the current of the main wire is always the sum of the currents of the two side wires.
  • the total welding current range is maintained at 240A ⁇ 600A, the wire feeding speed of the main wire is controlled at 3.5m/min ⁇ 15m/min, and the welding speed is controlled at 0.1m/min ⁇ 4.0m/min.
  • the welding method is arc welding process may be employed as CO 2, Ar or one kind of a mixed gas of CO 2 and Ar, the protective gas flow are 0.1 ⁇ 50L / min.
  • the invention also discloses a device for realizing the variable polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc welding method, which is characterized in that:
  • the device is composed of three welding wires and two variable polarity welding power sources;
  • the main wire is connected to one pole of the two variable polarity welding power sources; the two side wires are respectively connected to the other pole of the two variable polarity welding power sources; the two side wires are respectively arranged in all The two sides of the main wire are distributed symmetrically with respect to the main wire; the angle between the two side wires and the main wire is maintained at 20°-120°, and the two side wires and the extension line of the main wire Intersect respectively and the two intersection points are on the same horizontal line;
  • variable polarity power sources work synchronously and the polarity of the connection with the main wire is always the same.
  • the frequency of the variable polarity is 10Hz-500Hz, and the output current is the same in the same direction and phase.
  • the current of the main wire It is always the sum of the wire currents on both sides.
  • the invention also discloses a high-speed welding method for thin plates based on variable polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc, which is characterized in that the above method is adopted, and during the high-speed welding process, the welding direction is parallel to the vertical plane where the welding wire is located. , Using three of the welding wires as the filler metal, and using the arc column heat of the indirect arc and the heat carried by the droplet transfer to realize the welding of the filler metal and the welding workpiece.
  • the invention also discloses a thick plate narrow gap welding process based on variable polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc, which is characterized in that the above method is adopted, and during the welding process, the vertical plane parallel to the welding wire is used as the welding Direction, in order to realize the narrow gap multi-layer multi-pass welding under the condition of no groove and butt gap less than 10mm.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the three-wire gas shielded indirect arc welding workpiece provided by the present invention is not connected to the power source, the arc only forms an indirect arc at the end of the welding wire, and the side wall arcing phenomenon does not occur in narrow gap welding.
  • the present invention realizes the periodic regulation of the magnetic field distribution between indirect arcs by adopting the two-polarity-changing welding power source.
  • the arc shape concentration and the arc shape are realized in the process of power polarity conversion.
  • the periodic conversion of the arc shape dispersion can accurately control the arc heating position and the heat input to the base metal.
  • the design scheme of the present invention can realize the controllable adjustment of the arc shape.
  • the arc is deflected to both sides, which can fully heat the side wall of the sheet and improve the problem of non-fusion of the side wall;
  • the main wire is the positive electrode, the arc Concentration can suppress the bumps between the weld layers and the infusion between the layers.
  • the invention can realize the precise distribution of the welding arc heat source energy, and effectively solve the problems of the generation of burn-through defects in high-speed welding of thin plates and the problems of non-melting and arcing of side walls in narrow gap welding of thick plates.
  • the present invention can be widely promoted in the fields of narrow gap welding and thin plate high-speed welding.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of three-wire indirect arc welding between the main wire and the negative electrode in the prior art.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of three-wire indirect arc welding between the main wire and the positive electrode in the prior art.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of variable polarity three-wire indirect arc welding of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the three-wire indirect arc welding wire distribution mode of the present invention, in which (I) is a schematic diagram with the line of sight perpendicular to the welding direction, and (II) is a schematic diagram with the line of sight parallel to the welding direction.
  • Figure 5 is the current output waveform of the two-polarity welding power supply, in which (a) is the current waveform of the variable-polarity power supply 1 and (b) is the current waveform of the variable-polarity power supply 2.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram of the arc shape of the variable polarity three-wire indirect arc welding of the present invention, in which (a) the arc shape when the main wire is the positive electrode, and (b) the arc shape when the main wire is the negative electrode.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of high-speed welding of variable-polarity three-wire indirect arc thin plates in the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of narrow gap welding of thick plates with variable polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc in the present invention.
  • the first variable polarity power supply 2.
  • the second variable polarity power supply 3.
  • the main wire 4.
  • the first side wire 5.
  • the second side wire 6.
  • the base material to be welded 7. Ceramic liner.
  • orientation words such as “front, back, up, down, left, right", “horizontal, vertical, vertical, horizontal” and “top, bottom”, etc. indicate the orientation Or positional relationship is usually based on the position or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these positional words do not indicate or imply the pointed device or element It must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, so it cannot be understood as a limitation of the protection scope of the present invention: the orientation word “inside and outside” refers to the inside and outside relative to the contour of each component itself.
  • spatially relative terms can be used here, such as “above”, “above”, “above the surface”, “above”, etc., to describe as shown in the figure Shows the spatial positional relationship between one device or feature and other devices or features. It should be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation of the device described in the figure. For example, if the device in the drawing is turned upside down, then a device described as “above other devices or structures” or “above other devices or structures” will then be positioned as “below the other devices or structures” or “on It's under the device or structure”. Thus, the exemplary term “above” can include both orientations “above” and “below”. The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated by 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the relative description of the space used here will be explained accordingly.
  • the present invention discloses a variable-polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc welding method.
  • the method uses three welding wires and two variable-polarity power supplies to implement the welding process; specifically including:
  • variable polarity power sources that is, one pole of the variable polarity power source 1 and the variable polarity power source 2
  • the remaining two wires are respectively connected to the variable polarity power source.
  • the other pole of the polarity power supply 1 and the variable polarity power supply 2 and the welding workpiece is not connected to the two polarity power supply.
  • the above-mentioned welding wires connected to the positive poles of the two variable-polarity welding power sources are arranged in the middle, and the welding wire is called the main wire 3; the remaining two welding wires are arranged on both sides of the main wire 3, and the two welding wires are called Side wire, namely the first side wire 4 and the second side wire 5;
  • the angle between the first side wire 4 and the main wire 3 and the second side wire 5 and the main wire 3 form an angle of 20° ⁇ 120°, and the angle between the two side wires and the main wire 3
  • the extension lines intersect respectively and the two intersection points are on the same horizontal line; as shown in Figure 4, the orthographic projection of the edge wire and the main wire 3 in a plane perpendicular to the welding direction meets the following conditions: the first edge wire 4
  • the angle between the main wire 3 and the second side wire 5 and the main wire 3 is 20° to 120°, and the two side wires are mirror-symmetrical about the main wire 3 along the welding direction;
  • the two variable polarity power supplies 1 and 2 are started at the same time.
  • the current waveform output by the two variable polarity welding power sources is shown in Figure 5.
  • the current output of the two variable polarity welding power sources is the same in direction and magnitude.
  • the polarity frequency is the same.
  • Fig. 6(a) when the main wire 3 is the positive electrode, the arc shape is concentrated and the center of the weld can be fully heated.
  • the arc is deflected to both sides, which can fully heat the sidewall of the weld.
  • the arc energy can be controlled by adjusting the frequency, duty cycle, welding current and welding voltage of the two-polarity welding power source, and then the welding of the base material 6 can be realized.
  • the total welding current range is maintained at 240A ⁇ 600A, the frequency of changing polarity is 50Hz ⁇ 500Hz, the wire feeding speed of the main wire 3 is controlled at 3.5m/min ⁇ 15m/min, and the welding speed is controlled at 0.1m/min ⁇ 4.0m/ min;
  • the angle between the main wire and the side wire is 20° ⁇ 120°.
  • the shielding gas used in the welding process of the welding method can be one of CO2, Ar or a mixture of CO2 and Ar, and the shielding gas flow is 0.1-50L/min.
  • the present invention also discloses a thin plate high-speed welding method based on variable polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc.
  • the vertical surface where the welding wire is located is the welding direction, and the three welding wires are used as the filler metal, and the arc column heat of the indirect arc and the heat carried by the droplet transfer are used to realize the welding of the filler metal and the welding workpiece.
  • the present invention also discloses a thick plate narrow gap welding process based on variable polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc, including adopting the above method, and in the implementation of the welding process, parallel to the vertical position of the welding wire.
  • the straight face is the welding direction to achieve multi-layer and multi-pass welding greater than or equal to 20mm under the condition that there is no groove and the butt gap is less than 10mm.
  • the invention realizes the regulation of arc shape concentration and arc shape divergence in indirect arc welding by adopting two-polarity welding power source and the adjustment of frequency, duty cycle, welding current and welding voltage of variable polarity, so that three-wire indirect arc The heating position and heat input are precisely controlled.
  • the main wire is positive, the indirect arcs formed between the main wire 3 and the two side wires will deflect to the main wire at the same time.
  • the two indirect arcs are directly coupled into a single arc with a large current density.
  • the arc shape is concentrated, which can ensure welding.
  • the interlayer fusion of the seam is provided.
  • the indirect arc formed between the main wire 3 and the two side wires will deflect to the two side wires at the same time, and the arc shape diverges, which can ensure the fusion of the side walls of the weld.
  • the arc shape concentration and divergence control can be realized, and the reasonable distribution of the energy between the sidewalls of the weld and the layers can be achieved.
  • the invention utilizes the controllable form of the variable polarity three-wire indirect arc, which can meet the high-efficiency welding requirements of thin plate high-speed welding and thick plate narrow-gap welding.
  • Example 1 Variable polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc thin plate high-speed welding.
  • the angle between the main wire 3 and the horizontal direction is 50°
  • the angle between the first side wire 4 and the second side wire 5 and the main wire 3 is 30°.
  • the two side wires are distributed on both sides of the main wire 3 and are mirror-symmetrical about the main wire, and the two side wires are in contact with the main wire 3 respectively, and the two contact points are on the same horizontal line.
  • the model of the three steel welding wires is ER50-6
  • the diameter of the main wire 3 is 1.6mm
  • the diameters of both sides are 1.2mm.
  • the power supply adopts two AC power sources, and the corresponding shielding gas is 80% CO2 and 20% Ar mixture;
  • the model is Q235, the plate size is 300mm ⁇ 150mm ⁇ 2mm, the plate butt gap is 1mm, the welding gun height is 6mm, the total welding current is 320A, the variable polarity frequency is 200Hz, and the welding speed is 2800mm/min.
  • the results show that it is smooth and uniform. The back of the weld is well fused, and there is no defective weld.
  • Example 2 Three-wire indirect arc thick plate narrow gap welding with variable polarity gas protection.
  • the distribution of the welding wire used is shown in Figure 4.
  • the angle between the main wire 3 and the horizontal direction is 50°
  • the angle between the main wire 3 and the side wire is 30 degrees
  • the main wire diameter is 1.6mm
  • the diameter of both sides is 1.2.
  • mm welding wire the power supply uses two AC power sources, the corresponding shielding gas is 80% CO2 and 20% Ar mixed gas;
  • the welding wire model is ER50-6
  • the welding base material is Q235 low carbon steel, and the plate size is 300mm ⁇ 150mm ⁇ 20mm
  • the base metal butt gap is 8mm
  • the back side uses ceramic backing 7, the total welding current used is 320A, the variable polarity frequency is 150Hz, and the welding speed is 550mm/min. Good weld.

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Abstract

A variable-polarity three-wire gas-shielded indirect arc welding method. A welding process is performed by means of three welding wires and two variable-polarity power sources; before welding, a main wire (3) is connected to one pole of each of the two variable-polarity power sources (1, 2), and the remaining two side wires (4, 5) are connected to the other pole of each of the two variable-polarity power sources, respectively; and a welding workpiece (6) is not connected to the two variable-polarity power sources. During welding, the two variable-polarity power sources are started at the same time, the two variable-polarity power sources work synchronously, and the polarities of the variable-polarity power sources connected to the main wire are always the same. By means of periodic positive and negative polarity transformation of the polarities of the variable-polarity power sources, the distribution of a magnetic field surrounding the welding wires is periodically regulated, thereby realizing a welding process of periodic swinging during coupling of indirect arcs. Said method regulates arc deflection, realizes the accurate distribution of energy of a welding arc heat source, and solves the problems of generation of a burn-through defect during high-speed welding of a thin plate and non-melting of a side wall and arc striking of the side wall during narrow gap welding of a thick plate. The present invention also relates to a variable-polarity three-wire gas-shielded indirect arc welding device and use of variable-polarity three-wire gas-shielded indirect arc welding.

Description

一种变极性三丝气体保护间接电弧焊方法、装置及其应用Method, device and application of variable-polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc welding 技术领域Technical field
本发明属于材料加工技术领域，涉及一种变极性间接电弧焊方法，具体而言，尤其涉及一种变极性三丝气体保护间接电弧焊方法、装置及其应用。The invention belongs to the technical field of material processing, and relates to a variable polarity indirect arc welding method, in particular, to a variable polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc welding method, device and application thereof.
背景技术Background technique
随着现代工业的发展，在建筑、船舶制造、桥梁、机械、压力容器、轨道、管道等领域，大型结构件的应用越来越广泛。制造这些大型结构件，厚板应用占有较大比例 [1-3]。提高厚板的焊接效率变的十分有必要。 With the development of modern industry, large-scale structural parts are used more and more widely in the fields of construction, shipbuilding, bridges, machinery, pressure vessels, rails, and pipelines. In the manufacture of these large-scale structural parts, the application of thick plates accounts for a large proportion [1-3] . It is necessary to improve the welding efficiency of thick plates.
厚板窄间隙焊接技术可使焊接面积可减少30％以上，大大的节省了填充材料，显著的提升焊接效率。而对于传统的熔化极气体保护焊，焊枪连接电源的一极，工件连接电源的另一极，导电通路建立在板材与工件之间。而在窄间隙焊接中，熔化极气体保护焊的焊丝极易和板材的侧壁起弧，导致焊缝根部未熔合缺陷产生，这限制了板材对接间隙的减小。The thick plate narrow gap welding technology can reduce the welding area by more than 30%, greatly save the filling material, and significantly improve the welding efficiency. For traditional MIG welding, the welding torch is connected to one pole of the power source, the workpiece is connected to the other pole of the power source, and a conductive path is established between the plate and the workpiece. In narrow-gap welding, the welding wire of MIG/MAG welding can easily arc with the side wall of the plate, resulting in the generation of unfused defects at the root of the weld, which limits the reduction of the plate butt gap.
与传统的焊接方法不同，间接电弧焊的工件不连接电源，电弧只产生于电极之间。可有效地避免窄间隙焊接中侧壁起弧的产生。目前间接电弧的研究主要集中在双丝间接电弧焊 [4-5]，而双丝间接电弧具有明显的热输入不足的缺点。 Different from the traditional welding method, the workpiece of indirect arc welding is not connected to the power source, and the arc is only generated between the electrodes. It can effectively avoid the arcing of the side wall in narrow gap welding. At present, the research of indirect arc mainly focuses on double-wire indirect arc welding [4-5] , and double-wire indirect arc has obvious shortcomings of insufficient heat input.
针对双丝间接电弧热输入不足的问题，发明专利(申请号为201510145041.4)提出了一种三丝气体保护间接电弧焊接的方法，如图1所示，为三丝间接电弧焊原理图，主丝连接两直流电源的负极，两边丝分别连接两个直流电源的正极，第三根焊丝的引入，改善了间接电弧周围磁场的分布，扩大了间接电弧焊接参数的可调范围。改善了间接电弧热输入不足的缺点。但是该方法仍存在不足，结构中两边丝关于主丝中心对称使得主丝与边丝之间的磁场关于主丝中心对称，致使两间接电弧相互独立并且在尾部发生偏移，这样造成电弧对焊缝中心位置的加热作用较弱，易产 生焊缝中心凸起和层间未熔合缺陷。Aiming at the problem of insufficient heat input of double-wire indirect arc, the invention patent (application number 201510145041.4) proposes a three-wire gas shielded indirect arc welding method, as shown in Figure 1, which is the principle diagram of three-wire indirect arc welding, the main wire The negative poles of the two DC power supplies are connected, and the two wires are respectively connected to the positive poles of the two DC power supplies. The introduction of the third welding wire improves the distribution of the magnetic field around the indirect arc and expands the adjustable range of indirect arc welding parameters. The shortcoming of insufficient heat input of indirect arc is improved. However, this method still has shortcomings. In the structure, the two side wires are symmetrical about the center of the main wire, so that the magnetic field between the main wire and the side wire is symmetrical about the center of the main wire, causing the two indirect arcs to be independent of each other and offset at the tail, which causes arc butt welding The heating effect at the center of the seam is weak, and it is easy to produce defects in the center of the weld and the lack of fusion between layers.
针对三丝间接电弧形态发散问题，发明专利(申请号为201811075326.5)提出了一种新型的三丝气体保护间接电弧焊接方法、装置及其应用，如图2所示，为新型三丝间接电弧焊的原理图，主丝连接两直流电源的正极，边丝分别连接两直流电源的负极，该电源连接方式调整了焊丝周围磁场和电场的分布，可使两个间接电弧复合到一起，电弧形态集中，进一步提升了三丝间接电弧焊的熔深。但是该方法也存在不足，电弧形态集中导致间接电弧对焊缝侧壁加热较少，易产生焊缝侧壁未熔合缺陷。Aiming at the divergence of the three-wire indirect arc shape, the invention patent (application number 201811075326.5) proposes a new three-wire gas shielded indirect arc welding method, device and its application. As shown in Figure 2, it is a new type of three-wire indirect arc welding. The principle diagram of the main wire is connected to the positive poles of the two DC power supplies, and the side wires are respectively connected to the negative poles of the two DC power supplies. The power supply connection method adjusts the distribution of the magnetic field and electric field around the welding wire, so that the two indirect arcs can be combined together, and the arc shape is concentrated , Further improve the penetration of three-wire indirect arc welding. However, this method also has shortcomings. The concentration of arc morphology leads to less heating of the indirect arc on the sidewall of the weld, and it is easy to produce defects in the weld sidewall.
基于上述三丝间接电弧焊存在的缺陷及其产生的原因，有必要提供一种新型的三丝气体保护间接电弧焊的方法以解决上述问题。Based on the above-mentioned three-wire indirect arc welding defects and their causes, it is necessary to provide a new three-wire gas shielded indirect arc welding method to solve the above problems.
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发明内容Summary of the invention
根据上述提出现有的三丝间接电弧焊方法在焊接中存在的问题，提供一种变极性三丝气体保护间接电弧焊方法、装置及其应用。本发明主要通过采 用两个变极性焊接电源，实现了焊丝周围磁场分布的周期性调控，进而实现了间接电弧加热位置的调控。当主丝为正极时，电弧形态集中，可保证焊缝层间良好的熔合；当主丝为负极时，电弧向两侧偏转，可保证焊缝侧壁的良好融合。本发明变极性三丝气体保护间接电弧焊解决了窄间隙焊接中侧壁不熔和焊缝层间不熔的问题。According to the problems in welding of the existing three-wire indirect arc welding method proposed above, a variable-polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc welding method, device and application thereof are provided. The invention realizes the periodic regulation of the magnetic field distribution around the welding wire by adopting two variable polarity welding power sources, and further realizes the regulation of the indirect arc heating position. When the main wire is positive, the arc shape is concentrated, which can ensure good fusion between weld layers; when the main wire is negative, the arc is deflected to both sides to ensure good fusion of the side walls of the weld. The variable polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc welding of the invention solves the problems of non-melting of side walls and non-melting of weld layers in narrow gap welding.
本发明采用的技术手段如下：The technical means adopted by the present invention are as follows:
一种变极性三丝气体保护间接电弧焊方法，所述方法通过三根焊丝以及两个变极性电源实施焊接过程；其特征在于，具体包括：A variable-polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc welding method. The method uses three welding wires and two variable-polarity power supplies to implement a welding process; it is characterized in that it specifically includes:
焊接前，将主丝连接至两个变极性电源的一极，其余两根边丝分别连接至两个变极性电源的另一极；Before welding, connect the main wire to one pole of the two variable-polarity power supplies, and connect the other two side wires to the other pole of the two variable-polarity power supplies;
焊接工件不与两个所述变极性电源连接；The welding workpiece is not connected to the two power sources with variable polarity;
焊接时，同时启动两个所述变极性电源，两个所述变极性电源同步工作且与所述主丝连接的极性始终相同，通过所述变极性电源极性的周期性正负极变换，焊丝周围磁场分布得到周期性调控，实现耦合间接电弧的周期性摆动的焊接过程。During welding, the two variable-polarity power supplies are started at the same time, and the two variable-polarity power supplies work synchronously and the polarity connected to the main wire is always the same. Through the periodic positive polarity of the variable-polarity power supply The negative pole changes, the magnetic field distribution around the welding wire is periodically controlled, and the welding process of the periodic oscillation of the coupled indirect arc is realized.
进一步地，两根边丝分别排布在主丝两侧，并且关于主丝呈对称分布；两所述边丝分别与所述主丝构成20°～120°的夹角，两所述边丝与所述主丝的延长线分别相交且两交点在同一水平线上，且两所述边丝关于所述主丝镜像对称。Further, the two side wires are respectively arranged on both sides of the main wire and are symmetrically distributed with respect to the main wire; the two side wires respectively form an angle of 20° to 120° with the main wire, and the two side wires Intersect with the extension line of the main filament respectively and the two intersection points are on the same horizontal line, and the two side filaments are mirror-symmetrical with respect to the main filament.
进一步地，当所述主丝与两个所述变极性焊接电源负极接通时，两间接电弧向两边丝偏转，耦合电弧变得分散，电弧能量密度降低；当所述主丝与两个所述变极性焊接电源正极接通时，两间接电弧向主丝偏转，电弧变得集中，耦合电弧能量密度增大；采用该能量密度可柔性调控的耦合间接电弧对母材进行加工，通过改变两个所述变极性焊接电源的控制参数，所述控制参数包括但不局限于电源的频率、占空比、电流及电压等参数，实现对焊丝和母材热输入的精确柔性调控过程。Further, when the main wire is connected to the negative poles of the two variable-polarity welding power sources, the two indirect arcs are deflected to the two wires, the coupling arc becomes dispersed, and the arc energy density decreases; when the main wire is connected to the two When the positive pole of the variable polarity welding power source is turned on, the two indirect arcs are deflected to the main wire, the arc becomes concentrated, and the energy density of the coupled arc increases; the coupling indirect arc with the energy density flexibly adjustable is used to process the base material, Change the control parameters of the two variable-polarity welding power sources, the control parameters include but are not limited to the frequency, duty cycle, current, voltage and other parameters of the power source, so as to realize the precise and flexible control process of the heat input of the welding wire and the base metal .
进一步地，两个所述变极性电源变极性的频率为10Hz-500Hz，并且输出的电流方向相同，相位相同，所述主丝的电流始终为两个所述边丝的电流之和。Further, the frequency of the two polarity-changing power supplies is 10 Hz-500 Hz, and the output currents are in the same direction and phase, and the current of the main wire is always the sum of the currents of the two side wires.
进一步地，焊接总电流范围保持在240A～600A，所述主丝的送丝速度控制在3.5m/min～15m/min，焊接速度控制在0.1m/min～4.0m/min。Further, the total welding current range is maintained at 240A～600A, the wire feeding speed of the main wire is controlled at 3.5m/min～15m/min, and the welding speed is controlled at 0.1m/min～4.0m/min.
进一步地，所述焊接方法进行焊接过程中所采用的保护气体可以为CO 2、Ar中的一种或CO 2和Ar的混合气，保护气流均为0.1～50L/min。 Further, the welding method is arc welding process may be employed as CO 2, Ar or one kind of a mixed gas of CO 2 and Ar, the protective gas flow are 0.1 ~ 50L / min.
本发明还公开了一种实现所述的变极性三丝气体保护间接电弧焊方法的装置，其特征在于：The invention also discloses a device for realizing the variable polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc welding method, which is characterized in that:
所述装置由三根焊丝以及两个变极性焊接电源组成；The device is composed of three welding wires and two variable polarity welding power sources;
其中，主丝连接至两个所述变极性焊接电源的一极；两根边丝分别连接至两个所述变极性焊接电源的另一极；两所述边丝分别排布在所述主丝两侧，并且关于所述主丝呈对称分布；两所述边丝与所述主丝夹角保持在20°-120°，并且两所述边丝与所述主丝的延长线分别相交且两交点在同一水平线上；Wherein, the main wire is connected to one pole of the two variable polarity welding power sources; the two side wires are respectively connected to the other pole of the two variable polarity welding power sources; the two side wires are respectively arranged in all The two sides of the main wire are distributed symmetrically with respect to the main wire; the angle between the two side wires and the main wire is maintained at 20°-120°, and the two side wires and the extension line of the main wire Intersect respectively and the two intersection points are on the same horizontal line;
焊接时，两个所述变极性电源同步工作且与所述主丝连接的极性始终相同，变极性的频率为10Hz-500Hz，并且输出的电流方向相同，相位相同，主丝的电流始终为两边丝电流之和。During welding, the two variable polarity power sources work synchronously and the polarity of the connection with the main wire is always the same. The frequency of the variable polarity is 10Hz-500Hz, and the output current is the same in the same direction and phase. The current of the main wire It is always the sum of the wire currents on both sides.
本发明还公开了一种基于变极性三丝气体保护间接电弧的薄板高速焊接方法，其特征在于，采用上述方法，并在实施高速焊过程中，以平行于焊丝所在竖直面为焊接方向，以三根所述焊丝为填充金属，利用间接电弧的弧柱热量和熔滴过渡所携带的热量，实现填充金属与焊接工件的焊接。The invention also discloses a high-speed welding method for thin plates based on variable polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc, which is characterized in that the above method is adopted, and during the high-speed welding process, the welding direction is parallel to the vertical plane where the welding wire is located. , Using three of the welding wires as the filler metal, and using the arc column heat of the indirect arc and the heat carried by the droplet transfer to realize the welding of the filler metal and the welding workpiece.
本发明还公开了一种基于变极性三丝气体保护间接电弧的厚板窄间隙焊接工艺，其特征在于：采用上述方法，并在实施焊接过程中，以平行于焊丝所在竖直面为焊接方向，以实现无坡口、对接间隙小于10mm条件下窄间隙多层多道焊接。The invention also discloses a thick plate narrow gap welding process based on variable polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc, which is characterized in that the above method is adopted, and during the welding process, the vertical plane parallel to the welding wire is used as the welding Direction, in order to realize the narrow gap multi-layer multi-pass welding under the condition of no groove and butt gap less than 10mm.
较现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1)本发明提供的三丝气体保护间接电弧焊工件不接电源，电弧只在焊丝端部形成间接电弧，窄间隙焊接中不出现侧壁起弧现象。1) The three-wire gas shielded indirect arc welding workpiece provided by the present invention is not connected to the power source, the arc only forms an indirect arc at the end of the welding wire, and the side wall arcing phenomenon does not occur in narrow gap welding.
2)本发明通过采用两变极性焊接电源，实现了间接电弧之间的磁场分布的周期性调控，通过电弧摆动及焊丝排布的特性，在电源极性变换过程中实现了电弧形态集中与电弧形态分散的周期性转换，可精确调控电弧加热位置 和对母材的热输入。2) The present invention realizes the periodic regulation of the magnetic field distribution between indirect arcs by adopting the two-polarity-changing welding power source. Through the characteristics of arc swing and welding wire arrangement, the arc shape concentration and the arc shape are realized in the process of power polarity conversion. The periodic conversion of the arc shape dispersion can accurately control the arc heating position and the heat input to the base metal.
综上，本发明的设计方案，可实现电弧形态的可控调节，主丝为负极时，电弧偏向两侧，可充分加热板材侧壁，改善侧壁不熔合问题；主丝为正极时，电弧集中，可抑制焊缝层间凸起和层间不熔。本发明通过调控电弧偏转，可实现焊接电弧热源能量的精确分配，有效解决薄板高速焊烧穿缺陷的产生和厚板窄间隙焊接中侧壁不熔和侧壁起弧的问题。In summary, the design scheme of the present invention can realize the controllable adjustment of the arc shape. When the main wire is the negative electrode, the arc is deflected to both sides, which can fully heat the side wall of the sheet and improve the problem of non-fusion of the side wall; when the main wire is the positive electrode, the arc Concentration can suppress the bumps between the weld layers and the infusion between the layers. By regulating the arc deflection, the invention can realize the precise distribution of the welding arc heat source energy, and effectively solve the problems of the generation of burn-through defects in high-speed welding of thin plates and the problems of non-melting and arcing of side walls in narrow gap welding of thick plates.
基于上述理由本发明可在窄间隙焊接和薄板高速焊接领域广泛推广。Based on the above reasons, the present invention can be widely promoted in the fields of narrow gap welding and thin plate high-speed welding.
附图说明Description of the drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图做以简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor.
图1为现有技术中主丝接负极三丝间接电弧焊原理示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of three-wire indirect arc welding between the main wire and the negative electrode in the prior art.
图2为现有技术中主丝接正极三丝间接电弧焊原理示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of three-wire indirect arc welding between the main wire and the positive electrode in the prior art.
图3为本发明变极性三丝间接电弧焊原理示意图。Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of variable polarity three-wire indirect arc welding of the present invention.
图4为本发明中三丝间接电弧焊焊丝分布方式示意图，其中，(Ⅰ)为视线垂直于焊接方向的示意图，(Ⅱ)为视线平行于焊接方向的示意图。Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the three-wire indirect arc welding wire distribution mode of the present invention, in which (I) is a schematic diagram with the line of sight perpendicular to the welding direction, and (II) is a schematic diagram with the line of sight parallel to the welding direction.
图5为两变极性焊接电源电流输出波形图，其中，(a)为变极性电源1电流波形，(b)变极性电源2电流波形。Figure 5 is the current output waveform of the two-polarity welding power supply, in which (a) is the current waveform of the variable-polarity power supply 1 and (b) is the current waveform of the variable-polarity power supply 2.
图6为本发明变极性三丝间接电弧焊的电弧形态图，其中，(a)主丝为正极时的电弧形态，(b)主丝为负极时的电弧形态。6 is a diagram of the arc shape of the variable polarity three-wire indirect arc welding of the present invention, in which (a) the arc shape when the main wire is the positive electrode, and (b) the arc shape when the main wire is the negative electrode.
图7为本发明中变极性三丝间接电弧薄板高速焊接实施例示意图。Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of high-speed welding of variable-polarity three-wire indirect arc thin plates in the present invention.
图8为本发明中变极性三丝气体保护间接电弧厚板窄间隙焊接实施例示意图。Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of narrow gap welding of thick plates with variable polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc in the present invention.
图中：1、第一变极性电源；2、第二变极性电源；3、主丝；4、第一边丝；5、第二边丝；6、待焊母材；7、陶瓷衬垫。In the figure: 1. The first variable polarity power supply; 2. The second variable polarity power supply; 3. The main wire; 4. The first side wire; 5. The second side wire; 6. The base material to be welded; 7. Ceramic liner.
具体实施方式detailed description
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other if there is no conflict. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments It is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative, and in no way serves as any limitation to the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本发明的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。It should be noted that the terms used here are only for describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should also be understood that when the terms "comprising" and/or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate There are features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。同时，应当清楚，为了便于描述，附图中所示出的各个部分的尺寸并不是按照实际的比例关系绘制的。对于相关领域普通技术人员己知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为授权说明书的一部分。在这里示出和讨论的所有示例中，任向具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它示例可以具有不同的值。应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。Unless specifically stated otherwise, the relative arrangement of components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. At the same time, it should be clear that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn according to actual proportional relationships. The technologies, methods, and equipment known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant fields may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the technologies, methods, and equipment should be regarded as part of the authorization specification. In all the examples shown and discussed herein, any specific value should be interpreted as merely exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiment may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters indicate similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，方位词如“前、后、上、下、左、右”、“横向、竖向、垂直、水平”和“顶、底”等所指示的方位或位置关系通常是基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，在未作相反说明的情况下，这些方位词并不指示和暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位或者以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对 本发明保护范围的限制：方位词“内、外”是指相对于各部件本身的轮廓的内外。In the description of the present invention, it needs to be understood that orientation words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc. indicate the orientation Or positional relationship is usually based on the position or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these positional words do not indicate or imply the pointed device or element It must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, so it cannot be understood as a limitation of the protection scope of the present invention: the orientation word "inside and outside" refers to the inside and outside relative to the contour of each component itself.
为了便于描述，在这里可以使用空间相对术语，如“在……之上”、“在……上方”、“在……上表面”、“上面的”等，用来描述如在图中所示的一个器件或特征与其他器件或特征的空间位置关系。应当理解的是，空间相对术语旨在包含除了器件在图中所描述的方位之外的在使用或操作中的不同方位。例如，如果附图中的器件被倒置，则描述为“在其他器件或构造上方”或“在其他器件或构造之上”的器件之后将被定位为“在其他器件或构造下方”或“在其位器件或构造之下”。因而，示例性术语“在……上方”可以包括“在……上方”和“在……下方”两种方位。该器件也可以其他不同方式定位(旋转90度或处于其他方位)，并且对这里所使用的空间相对描述作出相应解释。For ease of description, spatially relative terms can be used here, such as "above", "above", "above the surface", "above", etc., to describe as shown in the figure Shows the spatial positional relationship between one device or feature and other devices or features. It should be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation of the device described in the figure. For example, if the device in the drawing is turned upside down, then a device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will then be positioned as "below the other devices or structures" or "on It's under the device or structure". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both orientations "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated by 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the relative description of the space used here will be explained accordingly.
此外，需要说明的是，使用“第一”、“第二”等词语来限定零部件，仅仅是为了便于对相应零部件进行区别，如没有另行声明，上述词语并没有特殊含义，因此不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制。In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as “first” and “second” to define parts is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding parts. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood. To limit the scope of protection of the present invention.
如图3所示，本发明公开了一种变极性三丝气体保护间接电弧焊方法，所述方法通过三根焊丝以及两个变极性电源实施焊接过程；具体包括：As shown in Figure 3, the present invention discloses a variable-polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc welding method. The method uses three welding wires and two variable-polarity power supplies to implement the welding process; specifically including:
焊接前，先将三根所述焊丝中的一根焊丝连接至两个所述变极性电源(即变极性电源1和变极性电源2的一极)，其余的两根焊丝分别连接变极性电源1和变极性电源2的另一极，焊接工件不与所述两变极性电源连接。Before welding, first connect one of the three welding wires to the two variable polarity power sources (that is, one pole of the variable polarity power source 1 and the variable polarity power source 2), and the remaining two wires are respectively connected to the variable polarity power source. The other pole of the polarity power supply 1 and the variable polarity power supply 2, and the welding workpiece is not connected to the two polarity power supply.
随后将上述连接两个变极性焊接电源正极的焊丝排布在中间，称该焊丝为主丝3；其余的两根焊丝分别排布在所述主丝3的两边，称这两根焊丝为边丝，即第一边丝4和第二边丝5；Subsequently, the above-mentioned welding wires connected to the positive poles of the two variable-polarity welding power sources are arranged in the middle, and the welding wire is called the main wire 3; the remaining two welding wires are arranged on both sides of the main wire 3, and the two welding wires are called Side wire, namely the first side wire 4 and the second side wire 5;
在空间范围内，第一边丝4与主丝3之间以及第二边丝5与主丝3之间构成20°～120°的夹角，两所述边丝与所述主丝3的延长线分别相交且两交点在同一水平线上；如图4所示，所述边丝与所述主丝3在垂直于焊接方向的平面内的正投影满足如下条件：所述第一边丝4与所述主丝3以及第二边丝5与所述主丝3之间的夹角为20°～120°，在沿平行于焊接方向两所述边丝关于所述主丝3镜像对称；Within the scope of space, the angle between the first side wire 4 and the main wire 3 and the second side wire 5 and the main wire 3 form an angle of 20°～120°, and the angle between the two side wires and the main wire 3 The extension lines intersect respectively and the two intersection points are on the same horizontal line; as shown in Figure 4, the orthographic projection of the edge wire and the main wire 3 in a plane perpendicular to the welding direction meets the following conditions: the first edge wire 4 The angle between the main wire 3 and the second side wire 5 and the main wire 3 is 20° to 120°, and the two side wires are mirror-symmetrical about the main wire 3 along the welding direction;
焊接时，令所述两个变极性电源1和2同时启动，两变极性焊接电源输出的电流波形如图5所示，两变极性焊接电源输出的电流方向相同，大小相同，变极性频率相同。如图6(a)所示当主丝3为正极时，电弧形态集中，可充分加热焊缝中心。如图6(b)所示，当主丝3为负极时，电弧偏向两侧，可充分加热焊缝侧壁。根据预设的焊接工艺，通过调节两变极性焊接电源的变极性频率、占空比、焊接电流和焊接电压等可实现电弧能量的调控，进而实现母材6的焊接。During welding, the two variable polarity power supplies 1 and 2 are started at the same time. The current waveform output by the two variable polarity welding power sources is shown in Figure 5. The current output of the two variable polarity welding power sources is the same in direction and magnitude. The polarity frequency is the same. As shown in Fig. 6(a), when the main wire 3 is the positive electrode, the arc shape is concentrated and the center of the weld can be fully heated. As shown in Figure 6(b), when the main wire 3 is the negative electrode, the arc is deflected to both sides, which can fully heat the sidewall of the weld. According to the preset welding process, the arc energy can be controlled by adjusting the frequency, duty cycle, welding current and welding voltage of the two-polarity welding power source, and then the welding of the base material 6 can be realized.
焊接总电流范围保持在240A～600A，变极性频率50Hz～500Hz，所述主丝3的送丝速度控制在3.5m/min～15m/min，焊接速度控制在0.1m/min～4.0m/min；主丝与边丝夹角范围为20°～120°。所述焊接方法进行焊接过程中所采用的保护气体可以为CO2、Ar中的一种或CO2和Ar的混合气，保护气流均为0.1～50L/min。The total welding current range is maintained at 240A～600A, the frequency of changing polarity is 50Hz～500Hz, the wire feeding speed of the main wire 3 is controlled at 3.5m/min～15m/min, and the welding speed is controlled at 0.1m/min～4.0m/ min; The angle between the main wire and the side wire is 20°～120°. The shielding gas used in the welding process of the welding method can be one of CO2, Ar or a mixture of CO2 and Ar, and the shielding gas flow is 0.1-50L/min.
如图7所示，本发明还公开了一种基于变极性三丝气体保护间接电弧的薄板高速焊接方法，其特征在于，包括采用上述的方法，并在实施高速焊过程中，以平行于焊丝所在竖直面为焊接方向，以三根所述焊丝为填充金属，利用间接电弧的弧柱热量和熔滴过渡所携带的热量，实现填充金属与焊接工件的焊接。As shown in Figure 7, the present invention also discloses a thin plate high-speed welding method based on variable polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc. The vertical surface where the welding wire is located is the welding direction, and the three welding wires are used as the filler metal, and the arc column heat of the indirect arc and the heat carried by the droplet transfer are used to realize the welding of the filler metal and the welding workpiece.
如图8所示，本发明还公开了一种基于变极性三丝气体保护间接电弧的厚板窄间隙焊接工艺，包括采用上述的方法，并在实施焊接过程中，以平行于焊丝所在竖直面为焊接方向，以实现无坡口、对接间隙小于10mm条件下获得大于或等于20mm多层多道焊接。As shown in Figure 8, the present invention also discloses a thick plate narrow gap welding process based on variable polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc, including adopting the above method, and in the implementation of the welding process, parallel to the vertical position of the welding wire. The straight face is the welding direction to achieve multi-layer and multi-pass welding greater than or equal to 20mm under the condition that there is no groove and the butt gap is less than 10mm.
本发明具体工作原理为：The specific working principle of the present invention is:
本发明通过采用两变极性焊接电源以及对变极性频率、占空比、焊接电流和焊接电压的调控实现了间接电弧焊中的电弧形态集中和电弧形态发散的调控，使三丝间接电弧的加热位置和热输入得到精确的控制。当主丝为正极时，主丝3和两个边丝之间分别形成的间接电弧会同时向主丝偏转，两间接电弧直接耦合为一个电流密度较大的单电弧，电弧形态集中，可保证焊缝的层间熔合。当主丝为负极时，主丝3和两个边丝之间分别形成的间接电弧会同时向两边丝偏转，电弧形态发散，可保证焊缝的侧壁熔合。除此之外，在 保持焊接电流不变的条件下，通过调节变极性频率，可实现电弧形态集中和发散的控制，达到焊缝侧壁和层间能量的合理分配。本发明利用变极性三丝间接电弧形态的可控，可满足薄板高速焊接以及厚板窄间隙焊接等高效焊接需求。The invention realizes the regulation of arc shape concentration and arc shape divergence in indirect arc welding by adopting two-polarity welding power source and the adjustment of frequency, duty cycle, welding current and welding voltage of variable polarity, so that three-wire indirect arc The heating position and heat input are precisely controlled. When the main wire is positive, the indirect arcs formed between the main wire 3 and the two side wires will deflect to the main wire at the same time. The two indirect arcs are directly coupled into a single arc with a large current density. The arc shape is concentrated, which can ensure welding. The interlayer fusion of the seam. When the main wire is the negative electrode, the indirect arc formed between the main wire 3 and the two side wires will deflect to the two side wires at the same time, and the arc shape diverges, which can ensure the fusion of the side walls of the weld. In addition, under the condition of keeping the welding current constant, by adjusting the frequency of changing polarity, the arc shape concentration and divergence control can be realized, and the reasonable distribution of the energy between the sidewalls of the weld and the layers can be achieved. The invention utilizes the controllable form of the variable polarity three-wire indirect arc, which can meet the high-efficiency welding requirements of thin plate high-speed welding and thick plate narrow-gap welding.
实施例1：变极性三丝气体保护间接电弧薄板高速焊。Example 1: Variable polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc thin plate high-speed welding.
如图7所示，采用图4中所示焊丝分布方式，主丝3与水平方向的夹角为50°，第一边丝4和第二边丝5分别与主丝3夹角为30°，两边丝分布于主丝3的两侧并且关于主丝镜像对称，并且两边丝分别与主丝3接触，两接触点在同一水平线上。其中，三根钢焊丝型号为ER50-6，主丝3直径为1.6mm，两边丝直径均为1.2mm，电源采用两个交流电源，对应的保护气体为80％CO2和20％Ar混合气；板材型号为Q235，板材尺寸为300mm×150mm×2mm，板材对接间隙1mm，焊枪高度为6mm，焊接总电流为320A，变极性频率200Hz，焊接速度为2800mm/min，结果得到了表明光滑均匀一致，焊缝背面融合良好，没有缺陷的焊缝。As shown in Figure 7, using the welding wire distribution method shown in Figure 4, the angle between the main wire 3 and the horizontal direction is 50°, and the angle between the first side wire 4 and the second side wire 5 and the main wire 3 is 30°. , The two side wires are distributed on both sides of the main wire 3 and are mirror-symmetrical about the main wire, and the two side wires are in contact with the main wire 3 respectively, and the two contact points are on the same horizontal line. Among them, the model of the three steel welding wires is ER50-6, the diameter of the main wire 3 is 1.6mm, and the diameters of both sides are 1.2mm. The power supply adopts two AC power sources, and the corresponding shielding gas is 80% CO2 and 20% Ar mixture; The model is Q235, the plate size is 300mm×150mm×2mm, the plate butt gap is 1mm, the welding gun height is 6mm, the total welding current is 320A, the variable polarity frequency is 200Hz, and the welding speed is 2800mm/min. The results show that it is smooth and uniform. The back of the weld is well fused, and there is no defective weld.
实施例2：变极性气体保护三丝间接电弧厚板窄间隙焊接。Example 2: Three-wire indirect arc thick plate narrow gap welding with variable polarity gas protection.
如图8，其采用的焊丝分布见图4所示，主丝3与水平方向夹角为50°，主丝3和边丝夹角为30度，采用主丝直径1.6mm，两边丝直径1.2mm的焊丝，电源采用两个交流电源，对应的保护气体为80％CO2和20％Ar混合气；焊丝型号为ER50-6，焊接母材为Q235低碳钢，板材尺寸为300mm×150mm×20mm，不开坡口，母材对接间隙为8mm，背面使用陶瓷衬垫7，采用的总焊接电流为320A，变极性频率为150Hz，焊接速度为550mm/min，得到了多层多道成形很好的焊缝。As shown in Figure 8, the distribution of the welding wire used is shown in Figure 4. The angle between the main wire 3 and the horizontal direction is 50°, the angle between the main wire 3 and the side wire is 30 degrees, the main wire diameter is 1.6mm, and the diameter of both sides is 1.2. mm welding wire, the power supply uses two AC power sources, the corresponding shielding gas is 80% CO2 and 20% Ar mixed gas; the welding wire model is ER50-6, the welding base material is Q235 low carbon steel, and the plate size is 300mm×150mm×20mm , Without beveling, the base metal butt gap is 8mm, the back side uses ceramic backing 7, the total welding current used is 320A, the variable polarity frequency is 150Hz, and the welding speed is 550mm/min. Good weld.
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: The technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments can still be modified, or some or all of the technical features can be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. range.

Claims (9)

  1. 一种变极性三丝气体保护间接电弧焊方法，所述方法通过三根焊丝以及两个变极性电源实施焊接过程；其特征在于，具体包括：A variable-polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc welding method. The method uses three welding wires and two variable-polarity power supplies to implement a welding process; it is characterized in that it specifically includes:
    焊接前，将主丝连接至两个变极性电源的一极，其余两根边丝分别连接至两个变极性电源的另一极；Before welding, connect the main wire to one pole of the two variable-polarity power supplies, and connect the other two side wires to the other pole of the two variable-polarity power supplies;
    焊接工件不与两个所述变极性电源连接；The welding workpiece is not connected to the two power sources with variable polarity;
    焊接时，同时启动两个所述变极性电源，两个所述变极性电源同步工作且与所述主丝连接的极性始终相同，通过所述变极性电源极性的周期性正负极变换，焊丝周围磁场分布得到周期性调控，实现耦合间接电弧的周期性摆动的焊接过程。During welding, the two variable-polarity power supplies are started at the same time, and the two variable-polarity power supplies work synchronously and the polarity connected to the main wire is always the same. Through the periodic positive polarity of the variable-polarity power supply The negative pole changes, the magnetic field distribution around the welding wire is periodically controlled, and the welding process of the periodic oscillation of the coupled indirect arc is realized.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的变极性三丝气体保护间接电弧焊方法，其特征在于，两根边丝分别排布在主丝两侧，并且关于主丝呈对称分布；两所述边丝分别与所述主丝构成20°～120°的夹角，两所述边丝与所述主丝的延长线分别相交且两交点在同一水平线上。The variable polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc welding method according to claim 1, wherein the two side wires are respectively arranged on both sides of the main wire and are symmetrically distributed with respect to the main wire; the two side wires are respectively It forms an included angle of 20°-120° with the main wire, and the two side wires intersect with the extension line of the main wire respectively and the two intersection points are on the same horizontal line.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的变极性三丝气体保护间接电弧焊方法，其特征在于，当所述主丝与两个所述变极性焊接电源负极接通时，两间接电弧向两边丝偏转，耦合电弧变得分散，电弧能量密度降低；当所述主丝与两个所述变极性焊接电源正极接通时，两间接电弧向主丝偏转，电弧变得集中，耦合电弧能量密度增大；采用该能量密度可柔性调控的耦合间接电弧对母材进行加工，通过改变两个所述变极性焊接电源的控制参数，实现对焊丝和母材热输入的精确柔性调控过程。The variable-polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc welding method according to claim 1, wherein when the main wire is connected to the negative poles of the two variable-polarity welding power sources, the two indirect arcs are deflected toward the two wires , The coupling arc becomes dispersed, and the arc energy density decreases; when the main wire is connected to the two positive poles of the variable polarity welding power source, the two indirect arcs deflect to the main wire, the arc becomes concentrated, and the energy density of the coupling arc increases. Large; using the coupled indirect arc with flexible controllable energy density to process the base material, and by changing the control parameters of the two variable polarity welding power sources, the precise and flexible control process of the heat input of the welding wire and the base material is realized.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的变极性三丝气体保护间接电弧焊方法，其特征在于，两个所述变极性电源变极性的频率为10Hz-500Hz，并且输出的电流方向相同，相位相同，所述主丝的电流始终为两个所述边丝的电流之和。The variable polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc welding method according to claim 1, wherein the frequency of the two variable polarity power sources is 10Hz-500Hz, and the output current direction is the same and the phase is the same , The current of the main wire is always the sum of the currents of the two side wires.
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的变极性三丝气体保护间接电弧焊方法，其特征 在于，焊接总电流范围保持在240A～600A，所述主丝的送丝速度控制在3.5m/min～15m/min，焊接速度控制在0.1m/min～4.0m/min。The variable polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc welding method according to claim 4, wherein the total welding current range is maintained at 240A～600A, and the wire feeding speed of the main wire is controlled at 3.5m/min～15m/ min, the welding speed is controlled at 0.1m/min～4.0m/min.
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的变极性三丝气体保护间接电弧焊方法，其特征在于，所述焊接方法进行焊接过程中所采用的保护气体可以为CO 2、Ar中的一种或CO 2和Ar的混合气，保护气流均为0.1～50L/min。 The variable polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc welding method according to claim 4, wherein the shielding gas used in the welding process of the welding method can be one of CO 2 , Ar or CO 2 and The mixed gas of Ar and the protective airflow are both 0.1～50L/min.
  7. 一种实现如权利要求1-6任意一项权利要求所述的变极性三丝气体保护间接电弧焊方法的装置，其特征在于：A device for realizing the variable polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that:
    所述装置由三根焊丝以及两个变极性焊接电源组成；The device is composed of three welding wires and two variable polarity welding power sources;
    其中，主丝连接至两个所述变极性焊接电源的一极；两根边丝分别连接至两个所述变极性焊接电源的另一极；两所述边丝分别排布在所述主丝两侧，并且关于所述主丝呈对称分布；两所述边丝与所述主丝夹角保持在20°-120°，并且两所述边丝与所述主丝的延长线分别相交且两交点在同一水平线上；Wherein, the main wire is connected to one pole of the two variable polarity welding power sources; the two side wires are respectively connected to the other pole of the two variable polarity welding power sources; the two side wires are respectively arranged in all The two sides of the main wire are distributed symmetrically with respect to the main wire; the angle between the two side wires and the main wire is maintained at 20°-120°, and the two side wires and the extension line of the main wire Intersect respectively and the two intersection points are on the same horizontal line;
    焊接时，两个所述变极性电源同步工作且与所述主丝连接的极性始终相同，变极性的频率为10Hz-500Hz，并且输出的电流方向相同，相位相同。During welding, the two variable-polarity power supplies work synchronously and the polarity connected to the main wire is always the same, the frequency of the polarity-changing is 10 Hz-500 Hz, and the output current is in the same direction and phase.
  8. 一种基于变极性三丝气体保护间接电弧的薄板高速焊接方法，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-6任意一项所述的方法，并在实施高速焊过程中，以平行于焊丝所在竖直面为焊接方向，以三根所述焊丝为填充金属，利用间接电弧的弧柱热量和熔滴过渡所携带的热量，实现填充金属与焊接工件的焊接。A high-speed welding method for thin plates based on variable polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc, which is characterized in that it comprises the method according to any one of claims 1-6, and in the process of implementing high-speed welding, it is parallel to where the welding wire is located. The vertical plane is the welding direction, and the three welding wires are used as the filler metal, and the arc column heat of the indirect arc and the heat carried by the droplet transfer are used to realize the welding of the filler metal and the welding workpiece.
  9. 一种基于变极性三丝气体保护间接电弧的厚板窄间隙焊接工艺，其特征在于：包括如权利要求1-6任意一项所述的方法，并在实施焊接过程中，以平行于焊丝所在竖直面为焊接方向，以实现无坡口、对接间隙小于10mm条件下窄间隙多层多道焊接。A thick plate narrow gap welding process based on variable polarity three-wire gas shielded indirect arc, which is characterized in that it includes the method according to any one of claims 1-6, and is parallel to the welding wire during the welding process. The vertical surface is the welding direction to realize the narrow gap multi-layer multi-pass welding under the condition that there is no groove and the butt gap is less than 10mm.
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