WO2021031876A1 - 一种减振器阻尼控制和性能评定方法、以此方法优化的减振器和采用此减振器的车辆 - Google Patents
一种减振器阻尼控制和性能评定方法、以此方法优化的减振器和采用此减振器的车辆 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021031876A1 WO2021031876A1 PCT/CN2020/107672 CN2020107672W WO2021031876A1 WO 2021031876 A1 WO2021031876 A1 WO 2021031876A1 CN 2020107672 W CN2020107672 W CN 2020107672W WO 2021031876 A1 WO2021031876 A1 WO 2021031876A1
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- Prior art keywords
- force value
- shock absorber
- damping
- damping force
- stroke position
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- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 425
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 352
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 351
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 159
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 158
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/10—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using liquid only; using a fluid of which the nature is immaterial
- F16F9/14—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect
- F16F9/16—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts
- F16F9/18—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts with a closed cylinder and a piston separating two or more working spaces therein
- F16F9/19—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts with a closed cylinder and a piston separating two or more working spaces therein with a single cylinder and of single-tube type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/48—Arrangements for providing different damping effects at different parts of the stroke
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
- G01M17/04—Suspension or damping
Definitions
- the invention mainly relates to the design, manufacture and performance evaluation of a vehicle shock absorber.
- shock absorbers For a long time, engineers and technicians have a consistent view on the damping control method of shock absorbers: when the road is uneven, the smaller the stiffness of the support spring, the lower the damping of the shock absorber, the better the comfort. On the contrary, when the road is uneven, the support The greater the spring stiffness, the greater the damping of the shock absorber and the worse the comfort. Due to the technical awareness of engineering and technical personnel engaged in shock absorbers, the design and manufacture of shock absorbers and the matching with vehicles and support springs have not been effectively solved.
- shock absorber damping control technology has not been able to solve Fundamentally solve the essential problems involved in shock absorber design, so that it is complicated such as obtaining road condition information based on 3D camera to control shock absorber damping, controlling shock absorber damping according to vehicle vibration, and manually setting different damping or certain vehicle condition information
- the automatic adjustment of the damping of the shock absorber fails to effectively solve the damping control problem of the shock absorber, and does not achieve the optimal effect of damping control. Therefore, there is no direct quantitative criterion for the performance of shock absorbers.
- the current standard for measuring shock absorber performance is based on the tensile damping force value of the shock absorber at multiple specified speeds and the compression damping force value at multiple specified speeds as the criteria for judging whether the shock absorber is qualified or not. , That is, the commonly used damper indicator method to determine whether the damper is qualified or not.
- the qualified shock absorber with this standard cannot guarantee the comfort after matching with the support spring. There is no direct and regular correlation between the existing shock absorber measurement method and the measured value and the comfort of the shock absorber after installation. Therefore, there is no better reference for the match between the shock absorber and the support spring stiffness and body weight.
- shock absorber Based on the theoretical basis and practical solutions, the matching of shock absorber and support spring stiffness and body weight completely depends on the experience or subjective consciousness of the vehicle designer or debugger to determine the rationality or comfort of the matching.
- the shock absorber has roughly the same damping force value at different stroke positions, which is the characteristic of most commonly used shock absorbers at this stage. Even for a few shock absorbers with different stroke positions corresponding to different damping force values in use today, there is no clear standard for the corresponding relationship between the stroke position and the damping force value.
- the comfort of the vehicle during driving is directly related to the resultant force of the support springs and shock absorbers on the support force of the vehicle body.
- Vehicle support springs are usually composed of gas springs, liquid-gas springs, leaf springs or coil springs.
- the stiffness value or force value and its stroke position change according to a certain rule.
- the best way is to minimize the change in the resultant force value of the spring and shock absorber supporting the vehicle, and as close as possible to or equal to the supporting spring as possible And the weight of the part where the shock absorber supports the vehicle.
- This article solves the problem of the damping control and performance evaluation method of the shock absorber based on the function of the vehicle support spring and the working principle of the shock absorber.
- This method can intuitively determine the performance of the shock absorber based on the test data.
- the comfort level of the shock absorber can be determined intuitively based on the data, and the support spring is matched with the vehicle weight. It makes it easier to debug the vehicle suspension, select and match the shock absorber and support spring. It also provides the best damping control scheme for the controllable damping shock absorber. Solve the problem of how to achieve the optimal damping of the shock absorber that has long plagued the shock absorber industry.
- the difference F1 of the set force value or the actual gravity value of the object F3 minus the set support spring or equivalent support spring (1) support force value F2 at each stroke position is used as the judgment value.
- the difference F1 is the same as the set A set of functions corresponding to the stroke position s of the fixed support spring or equivalent support spring (the length of the spring after tension or compression).
- the absolute value of the difference F1 is used as the reference force value of the tensile damping force at the current stroke position of the shock absorber.
- the minimum damping force value that can be achieved by the tensile damping force value is used as the reference force value of the tensile damping force value at the current stroke position of the shock absorber.
- the difference When the difference is positive, use the difference as the reference force value of the compression damping force value at the current stroke position of the shock absorber.
- the difference When the difference is not a positive value, the minimum damping force value that can be achieved by the compression damping force value is used as the reference force value of the compression damping force value at the current stroke position of the shock absorber.
- the reference force value of tensile damping force and the reference force value of compression damping force of the shock absorber are each a set of force value data, which is a function corresponding to the stroke position of the support spring and the support spring force value; it is related to the stiffness of the spring and the support
- the weight of the object and the compression stroke of the spring are directly related, and there is a one-to-one correspondence. Any stroke position of the shock absorber has a corresponding tensile damping reference force value and compression damping reference force value.
- the corresponding tensile damping reference force value is the absolute value of Fl' at the S3 position
- the compression damping reference force value is the minimum force value that the compression damping can reach
- the corresponding spring and shock absorber The stroke position is S3.
- the reference force value of the shock absorber at the stroke position is used as the basis for controlling or setting the tensile damping force value or the compression damping force value of the shock absorber at the stroke position, so that the tensile damping force value of the shock absorber is as close as possible Or equal to the reference force value of the tensile damping force value, or make the compression damping force value of the shock absorber as close as possible to or equal to the reference force value of the compression damping force value, the performance of the shock absorber is the best, so as to control the shock absorber Tensile damping force value or compression damping force value.
- a force measuring device is not needed to measure the real-time support force value of the supporting spring, and a force measuring device can also be used if necessary To measure the real-time support force value of the support spring to achieve the purpose of accurately controlling the damping force value of the shock absorber in some cases.
- the equivalent support spring refers to a support spring whose force effect is the same as the force effect of the equivalently replaced support spring.
- the force direction and position of the equivalent spring and the shock absorber are roughly the same. That is, the specific or actual support spring's force effect on the supported object is equivalently converted into a support spring installed coaxially with the shock absorber (the force direction and the force position are roughly the same) (such as: converted into a coil spring) ), this support spring installed coaxially with the shock absorber is the equivalent support spring of the original support spring.
- the force effect of the equivalent support spring on the support is the same as the force effect of the original support spring on the support, but the spring size parameters, installation method, and installation position are not necessarily the same as the equivalent support spring.
- a strut-type shock absorber that is, a shock absorber in which the shock absorber and the support spring are integrally installed, the original spring of the shock absorber can be used as the equivalent support spring of the shock absorber.
- the above-mentioned equivalent support springs include commonly used coil springs, gas springs, and leaf springs.
- the tensile damping force value at each corresponding position at a tensile speed of 0.52 meters per second with the tensile damping reference value force value or compare the compression damping force value and the compression damping reference value at a compression speed of 0.52 meters per second
- the force value is compared, and the performance of the shock absorber is determined or the damping of the shock absorber is controlled according to the comparison result.
- the tensile or compression speed value of the shock absorber can be selected according to the actual vibration reduction effect, such as 0.2 meters per second, 2 meters per second, etc.
- the damping force value of the current position of the shock absorber can be controlled according to the reference force value of the current position of the shock absorber, so that the shock absorber can stretch the damping force in real time Value or compression damping force value is close to or equal to the reference force value.
- schemes 3 and 4 electronically controlled damping shock absorbers Such as schemes 3 and 4 electronically controlled damping shock absorbers.
- the shock absorber s0 ⁇ s5 are the specific stroke position points.
- F1 of the shock absorber is the tensile damping force value
- F1' is the curve corresponding to the tensile damping force value of the shock absorber and the stroke position
- F1” is the curve corresponding to the compression damping force value of the shock absorber and the stroke position
- F2 is the support force value and stroke position of the support spring
- F3 is the line corresponding to the body gravity value and the stroke position.
- the optimal force value (reference force value) corresponding to each stroke position of the shock absorber in the figure is as follows:
- the compression damping force value Fa corresponding to s0 should be close to F3 (Fe) minus Fb,
- the compression damping force value Fj corresponding to s1 should be close to F3 (Fe) minus Fc,
- the compression damping force value Fk corresponding to s2 should be close to F3 (Fe) minus Fd,
- the tensile damping force value Fl’ corresponding to S3 should be close to F3(Fe) minus Fg’,
- the tensile damping force value Fm’ corresponding to S4 should be close to F3 (Fe) minus Fh’,
- the tensile damping force value Fn' corresponding to S5 should be close to F3 (Fe) minus Fi'.
- the damping setting of the shock absorber in the schemes described in schemes 5 to 8 in this article is to evaluate or control the damping force value of the shock absorber at a specific speed.
- the measurement is standard, that is, the tensile damping force value or the compression damping force value at a specific speed is compared with the reference force value of the shock absorber and controlled and judged. The closer the value is to the reference force value, the shock absorber The better the performance.
- use the tensile damping reference value to set or control the tensile damping force value of each corresponding position at a tensile speed of 0.52 meters per second, or set or control the tensile damping force value at a compression speed of 0.52 meters per second using the compression reference value. Compress the damping force value so that the tensile damping force value or the compression damping force value at a speed of 0.52 meters per second is close to or equal to the reference force value.
- the damper that uses the reference damping force value as the basis for controlling the tensile damping force value or the compression damping force value, and its damping force value changes with the stroke position.
- Solution 2 Use the shock absorber damping control and performance evaluation method described in Solution 1 to control and set the damping force value of a shock absorber whose damping force value changes with the stroke position, including: hydraulic cylinder, piston, piston Rod, damping valve; its characteristic is: the magnitude of the tensile damping force value or the compression damping force value of the shock absorber is changed with the stroke position of the shock absorber, which is based on the damping control and performance evaluation of the shock absorber described in Scheme 1.
- the method to control the damping force value is based on the reference force value as the basis for controlling or setting the tensile damping force value or the compression damping force value of the shock absorber at each stroke position, so that the shock absorber is at each stroke position
- the damping force value is equal to or close to the reference force value.
- the shock absorber as described in Scheme 2 includes a measuring device (vehicle height measuring device) for measuring the stroke position of the shock absorber, a controller, and an electronically controlled damping valve. Its characteristics are: The stretch damping valve or compression damping valve of the shock absorber is an electronically controlled damping valve.
- the stroke position of the shock absorber is provided to the controller by the shock absorber stroke position measuring device (body height measuring device), and the controller is based on the body height ( The stroke position of the shock absorber) and the reference force value control the damping force value of the electronically controlled tension damping valve or the electronically controlled compression damping valve.
- the shock absorber stroke position measuring device refers to a device that can directly or indirectly measure the shock absorber stroke position, such as the vehicle height measuring device can indirectly measure the shock absorber stroke position.
- Electronically controlled damping valve refers to a valve assembly used to control the tensile damping force or compression damping force of an electronically controlled shock absorber.
- the damping force of the valve assembly is controlled by current or voltage, such as solenoid valves, magnetorheological damping ⁇
- Electronically controlled damping shock absorber refers to a shock absorber in which one of the damping force value when the shock absorber is stretched or the damping force value is controlled by voltage or current, or both are controlled by voltage or current . That is, the extension valve of the electronic control shock absorber is an electronic control damping valve or the compression valve is an electronic control damping valve, or both the extension valve and the compression valve are electronic control damping valves.
- the tensile damping force value or compression damping force value of the shock absorber should also change with the stroke change of the shock absorber . That is, according to the height of the vehicle, the stroke of the shock absorber or the stroke of the spring can control the tensile or compressive damping force value of the shock absorber according to its corresponding reference force value.
- the ordinate represents the current value of the electronically controlled damping valve and the stroke position of the shock absorber
- the abscissa represents the force value.
- the shock absorber s0 ⁇ s5 is the specific stroke position point
- se is the supporting force equal to the set force value.
- the intersection point of the object's gravity when the force value F1 of the shock absorber is the tensile damping force value, it is marked as F1', and when the force value F1 of the shock absorber is the compression damping force value, it is marked as F1".
- F1' is vibration reduction
- F1” is the curve corresponding to the compression damping force value of the shock absorber and the stroke position
- F2 is the line corresponding to the support force value of the support spring and the stroke position
- F3 is the body gravity value
- the Aa' curve represents the corresponding relationship between the tensile damping force value of the shock absorber and the control current of the tensile damping valve when the electronically controlled damping valve is an extension valve
- the Aa" curve represents the The corresponding relationship between the compression damping force value of the shock absorber and the control current of the compression damping valve when the damping valve is a compression valve.
- the optimal force value corresponding to each stroke position of the shock absorber in the figure and the optimal control current value of the electronically controlled damping valve are as follows:
- the compression damping force value Fa corresponding to s0 should be close to F3 (Fe) minus Fb.
- the control current value should be set close to A-Fa when the compression valve is an electronically controlled damping valve;
- the compression damping force value Fj corresponding to s1 should be close to F3 (Fe) minus Fc.
- the control current value should be set close to A-Fj when the compression valve is an electronically controlled damping valve;
- the compression damping force value Fk corresponding to s2 should be close to F3 (Fe) minus Fd.
- the control current value should be set close to A-Fk when the compression valve is an electronically controlled damping valve;
- the compression stroke position of the shock absorber is s3, s4, s5
- the force value of the shock absorber during compression cannot be a negative value, so it can only be set to the minimum
- the compression damping force value Fn the control current of the compression valve as an electronic control damping valve can be set to 0.
- the stretch stroke position of the shock absorber is s0, s1, s2, since the support force value of the support spring is less than the weight of the car body, the force value of the shock absorber when stretched cannot be positive, so only the stretch damping force value can be set Set as the Fk' with the smallest absolute value, the control current of the stretch valve as an electronically controlled damping valve can be set to 0.
- the tensile damping force value Fl' corresponding to S3 should be close to F3 (Fe) minus Fg'.
- the control current value should be set close to A-Fl' when the compression valve is an electronically controlled damping valve ;
- the tensile damping force value Fm' corresponding to S4 should be close to F3 (Fe) minus Fh'.
- the control current value should be set close to A-Fm' when the compression valve is an electronically controlled damping valve ;
- the tensile damping force value Fn' corresponding to S5 should be close to F3 (Fe) minus Fi'.
- the control current value should be set close to A-Fn' when the compression valve is an electronically controlled damping valve .
- Scheme 4 ( Figure 4), the shock absorber as described in Scheme 3.
- the shock absorber is equipped with a load cell, which measures the tensile or compressive damping force value of the shock absorber, and the controller according to the shock absorber
- the reference force value corresponding to the current stroke position is compared with the real-time tensile damping force value or the real-time compression damping force value of the current position, and the tensile damping force value or the compression damping force value of the current stroke of the shock absorber is controlled according to the comparison result. It is close to or equal to the reference force value.
- This solution uses real-time measurement of the tensile damping force value or compression damping force value of the shock absorber, and compares the tensile damping force value or compression damping force value with the reference force value of the current position, and controls the shock absorber in real time according to the comparison result Tensile damping or compression damping.
- the control method is as follows:
- the current shock absorber stroke position and the value measured by the load cell on the shock absorber is the tensile force
- the tensile damping reference force value at the current position of the shock absorber is used Control the tensile damping valve of the shock absorber so that the tensile damping force value of the current stroke position of the shock absorber is close to or equal to the tensile damping reference force value of the current position of the shock absorber.
- Scheme 5 The shock absorber whose damping force value follows the stroke position as described in Scheme 2 (as shown in Figure 5, Figure 6, and Figure 7): Its characteristic is: between the tension cavity and the compression cavity of the shock absorber There is a damping hole whose size follows the change of the shock absorber stroke position. The size of the damping hole is based on the reference force value as the basis for controlling the tensile damping force value or the compressive damping force value of the shock absorber. The damping force value of each stroke position at the set extension speed or compression speed is equal to or close to the reference force value.
- the shock absorber whose damping force value follows the change of stroke position as described in Scheme 5 is characterized in that one of the damping valves is mainly composed of a damping rod and a central orifice, and the piston rod is a hollow tube , The hollow part communicates with the stretching cavity, the central damping hole is located on the piston rod near the end of the piston, and the damping rod is a rod with different cross-sectional areas; the damping rod can be connected to the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder or the bottom valve of the shock absorber, It can also be connected to the bottom valve or floating piston of the single-tube shock absorber; the damping rod passes through the central damping hole, and the central damping hole forms a stretch damping valve hole with different diameters corresponding to the stroke position of the shock absorber.
- the diameter of the orifice is based on the tensile damping reference force value as the reference for controlling or setting the tensile damping force value of the shock absorber, so that the damping force of each stroke position of the shock absorber under the set tensile speed The value is equal to or close to the reference force value.
- the shock absorber whose damping force value follows the change of stroke position as described in Scheme 5 is characterized in that one of the damping valves is mainly composed of a damping rod and a central orifice, and the piston rod is a hollow tube The hollow part communicates with the stretching cavity.
- the central damping hole is located on the piston rod near the end of the piston.
- the damping rod is a rod with different cross-sectional areas; the stretching cavity and the liquid storage cavity are connected through a one-way valve, and the damping rod can be connected to
- the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder can be connected to the bottom valve of the shock absorber, or it can be connected to the bottom valve or floating piston of the single-tube shock absorber; the damping rod passes through the central orifice and forms the same position as the shock absorber stroke position. Corresponding compression orifices of different diameters.
- the diameter of the orifice is based on the reference force value of the compression damping force value as the basis for controlling the reduction or setting the compression damping force value of the vibrator, so that the shock absorber is compressed at each stroke position under the set compression speed
- the damping force value is equal to or close to the reference force value.
- the shock absorber When the shock absorber is compressed, the liquid flow flows into the liquid storage chamber through the orifice, the stretching chamber and the one-way valve. When the shock absorber is stretched, the liquid flow passes through the orifice, and the check valve on the piston and the check valve on the bottom valve flow into the compression chamber.
- Scheme 8 ( Figure 7), a shock absorber whose damping force value changes with stroke position as described in Scheme 5, including a variable cross-section hydraulic cylinder, piston, and one-way valve; its feature is: the inside of the variable cross-section cylinder The size of the cross-sectional area changes along the center line of the cylinder.
- the inner section of the cylinder and the piston constitute a damping hole with different diameters between the stretching chamber and the compression chamber. The diameter of the damping hole is used for tensile damping.
- the reference force value of the force value is used as the basis for controlling or setting the tensile damping force value of the shock absorber, so that the tensile damping force value of each stroke position of the shock absorber at the set tensile speed is equal to or close to the reference Force value.
- the liquid flows through the one-way valve and the damping gap and enters the stretching cavity.
- the one-way valve is closed, the liquid flows through the damping gap and flows out of the stretching cavity to form a tensile damping force.
- the vibration amplitude of the vehicle using the shock absorber of this scheme is smaller during the driving process, which makes the vehicle travel more stable and comfortable.
- Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the corresponding relationship between the force value, stroke, and electric current of the electronically controlled damping valve related to the shock absorber
- FIG. Schematic diagram of the damping control scheme of the electronically controlled damping valve of the electronically controlled shock absorber
- FIG. 4 Schematic diagram of the electronic control principle of an electronically controlled shock absorber with a load cell
- Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a shock absorber in which the diameter of the tension damping gap changes with the change of the stroke position
- Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a shock absorber in which the diameter of the compression damping gap changes with the change of the stroke position
- FIG. 7 A schematic diagram of a shock absorber for a variable cross-section hydraulic cylinder
- FIG. 8 Schematic diagram of the damping gap formed by the variable cross-section hydraulic cylinder barrel and the piston of the shock absorber A-A in Figure 7
- FIG. 9 Schematic diagram of the damping gap formed by the variable cross-section hydraulic cylinder barrel and the piston of the shock absorber B-B in Figure 7
- FIG. 10 Schematic diagram of the damping gap formed by the variable cross-section hydraulic cylinder barrel and the piston of the shock absorber C-C in Figure 7
- Optimal scheme 1 A method for judging the performance of shock absorbers (as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2)
- the shock absorber s0 ⁇ s5 is the specific stroke position point
- F1' is the curve corresponding to the tensile damping force value of the shock absorber and the stroke position
- F1" is the compression damping force value of the shock absorber corresponding to the stroke position Curve
- F2 is the curve corresponding to the support spring's support force value and the stroke position
- F3 is the curve corresponding to the body gravity value and the stroke position.
- the optimal force value corresponding to each stroke position of the shock absorber in the figure is as follows:
- the compression damping force value Fa corresponding to s0 should be close to F3 (Fe) minus Fb,
- the compression damping force value Fj corresponding to s1 should be close to F3 (Fe) minus Fc,
- the compression damping force value Fk corresponding to s2 should be close to F3 (Fe) minus Fd,
- the tensile damping force value can only be set as the closest to zero Fk' .
- the tensile damping force value Fl’ corresponding to S3 should be close to F3 (Fe) minus Fg’,
- the tensile damping force value Fm’ corresponding to S4 should be close to F3 (Fe) minus Fh’,
- the tensile damping force value Fn' corresponding to S5 should be close to F3 (Fe) minus Fi'.
- Preferred plan 2 An electronically controlled damping shock absorber whose damping force value changes with the stroke position (as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3)
- the electronically controlled shock absorber shown in Figure 3 includes two electronically controlled damping valves (7), of which the one that communicates with the compression chamber and the liquid storage chamber is an electronically controlled compression damping valve, and the other one that communicates with the tension chamber and the compression chamber is an Controlled tensile damping valve, check valve (5), controller (9); electronically controlled damping valve according to the tensile damping force value, compression damping force value and control current value shown in the curves of Aa' and Aa” in Figure 2 The corresponding relationship curve provides the control current:
- the ordinate represents the current value of the electronically controlled damping valve and the stroke position of the shock absorber
- the abscissa represents the force value.
- the shock absorber s0 ⁇ s5 are the specific stroke position points
- F1' is the tensile damping of the shock absorber.
- the curve corresponding to the force value and the stroke position F1" is the curve corresponding to the compression damping force value of the shock absorber and the stroke position
- F2 is the corresponding line between the support force value of the support spring and the stroke position
- F3 is the body gravity value and the stroke position corresponding Line segment
- Aa' when the electronically controlled damping valve is a tension valve the corresponding curve of the relationship between the tension damping force value of the shock absorber and the control current of the tension damping valve
- Aa” when the electronically controlled damping valve is a compression valve Correspondence curve between the compression damping force value of the compressor and the control current of the compression damping valve
- the reference force value corresponding to each stroke position of the shock absorber in the figure and the optimal control current value of the electronically controlled damping valve are as follows:
- the compression damping force value Fa corresponding to s0 should be close to F3 (Fe) minus Fb.
- the control current value should be set close to A-Fa (A0) when the compression valve is an electronically controlled damping valve;
- the compression damping force value Fj corresponding to s1 should be close to F3 (Fe) minus Fc.
- the control current value should be set close to A-Fj when the compression valve is an electronically controlled damping valve;
- the compression damping force value Fk corresponding to s2 should be close to F3 (Fe) minus Fd.
- the control current value should be set close to A-Fk when the compression valve is an electronically controlled damping valve;
- the compression stroke position of the shock absorber is s3, s4, s5
- the force value of the shock absorber during compression cannot be a negative value, so it can only be set to the minimum
- the compression damping force value Fn the control current of the compression valve as an electronic control damping valve can be set to 0.
- the extension valve is an electronically controlled damping valve whose control current can be set to 0.
- the tensile damping force value Fl' corresponding to S3 should be close to F3 (Fe) minus Fg'.
- the control current value should be set close to A-Fl' when the compression valve is an electronically controlled damping valve ;
- the tensile damping force value Fm' corresponding to S4 should be close to F3 (Fe) minus Fh'.
- the control current value should be set close to A-Fm' when the compression valve is an electronically controlled damping valve ;
- the tensile damping force value Fn' corresponding to S5 should be close to F3 (Fe) minus Fi'.
- the control current value should be set close to A-Fn' when the compression valve is an electronically controlled damping valve .
- Preferred solution 3 A shock absorber whose tensile damping force value changes with the stroke position (as shown in Figure 5)
- the shock absorber shown in Figure 5 includes: a hydraulic cylinder, a piston, a piston rod, a damping rod, and a central orifice.
- the characteristics of the shock absorber the piston rod is a hollow tube, the hollow part communicates with the stretching chamber, the central damping hole is located on the piston rod near the end of the piston, and the damping rod is a rod with different cross-sectional areas; the damping rod can be connected to the hydraulic
- the bottom of the cylinder can be connected to the bottom valve of the shock absorber, or it can be connected to the bottom valve or floating piston of the single-tube shock absorber; the damping rod passes through the central orifice and forms the center orifice corresponding to the shock absorber stroke position
- the tensile orifice of different diameters; the diameter of the orifice is based on the reference force value of tensile damping as the basis for controlling or setting the tensile damping force value of the shock absorber, so that the shock absorber is set The damping force value of
- the cross-sectional area of each part of the damping rod of the shock absorber is different to adapt to different situations, so that it can achieve the best damping effect relative to a specific vehicle and a specific spring.
- Preferred solution 4 A shock absorber (as shown in Figure 6)
- the shock absorber shown in Figure 3 includes: a hydraulic cylinder, a piston, a piston rod, a damping rod, a central orifice, and a compression return line. Its characteristics are: the piston rod is a hollow tube, the hollow part communicates with the compression chamber, the central damping hole is arranged on the piston rod near the end of the piston, and the damping rod is a rod with different cross-sectional areas; the compressed oil return pipe is stretched through a one-way valve The cavity and the reservoir are connected.
- the damping rod can be connected to the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder, to the bottom valve of the shock absorber, or to the bottom valve or floating piston of the single-tube shock absorber; the damping rod passes through the central orifice,
- the central orifice forms compression orifices with different diameters corresponding to the shock absorber stroke position;
- the orifice size is based on the reference force value of the compression damping force as the control or setting of the shock absorber compression damping force The value is based on the compression damping force value of each stroke position of the shock absorber at the set compression speed equal to or close to the reference force value.
- the shock absorber When the shock absorber is compressed, the liquid flow flows into the liquid storage chamber through the damping hole, the tension chamber and the compressed oil return pipeline. When the shock absorber is stretched, the liquid flow passes through the orifice, and the check valve on the piston and the check valve on the bottom valve flow into the compression chamber.
- Preferred solution 5 A shock absorber whose tensile damping force value changes with the stroke position (as shown in Figure 7)
- the shock absorber includes: a hydraulic cylinder outer tube, a variable cross-section hydraulic cylinder tube, a piston, a piston rod, and a one-way valve.
- the characteristics of the shock absorber the cross-sectional area of the variable section hydraulic cylinder tube changes along the axis of the hydraulic cylinder tube, and the variable section hydraulic cylinder tube and the piston form a damping gap with different diameters along the axis.
- the diameter size is based on the tensile damping reference force value as the basis for controlling or setting the tensile damping force value of the shock absorber, so that the damping force value of each stroke position of the shock absorber at the set tensile speed is equal to or Close to the reference force value.
- the shock absorber When the shock absorber is compressed, the liquid flows through the one-way valve and the damping gap into the stretching chamber. When the shock absorber is stretched, the one-way valve is closed, and the fluid flows out through the damping gap formed by the piston and the variable cross-section cylinder, so that the shock absorber has different tensile damping force values at different stroke positions.
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- Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 减振器阻尼控制以及性能评定方法:以设定力值或物体的实际重力值减去设定支撑弹簧或等效支撑弹簧在各行程位置的支撑力值的差值作为判定值,差值为负时,以该差值的绝对值作为减振器当前行程位置的拉伸阻尼力值的基准力值,差值不为负值时,以拉伸阻尼力值所能达到的最小阻尼力值作为减振器当前行程位置的拉伸阻尼力值的基准力值;差值为正时,以该差值作为减振器当前行程位置的压缩阻尼力值的基准力值,差值不为正值时,以压缩阻尼力值所能达到的最小阻尼力值作为减振器当前行程位置的压缩阻尼力值的基准力值;将减振器在各行程位置的基准力值作为控制或设定减振器在该行程位置的拉伸阻尼力值或压缩阻尼力值的依据,使减振器的拉伸阻尼力值尽量接近或等于拉伸阻尼力值的基准力值,或使减振器的压缩阻尼力值尽量接近或等于压缩阻尼力值的基准力值,则减振器的性能最佳,以此控制减振器拉伸阻尼力值或压缩阻尼力值;将减振器各行程位置的基准力值与减振器在该行程位置的拉伸阻尼或压缩阻尼力值进行比较,减振器的拉伸阻尼力值越接近于拉伸阻尼力值的基准力值或减振器的压缩力阻尼力值越接于减振器的压缩阻尼力值的基准力值,则减振器的性能越好,以此作为判定减振器性能的依据。
- 如权利要求1所述减振器阻尼控制以及性能评定方法,其特征是减振器的阻尼力值是指特定拉伸速度或压缩速度下的拉伸阻尼力值或压缩阻尼力值,或者,是减振器的阻尼力值由测力传感器实时测得的减振器的拉伸阻尼力值或压缩阻尼力值。
- 一种阻尼力值跟随行程位置变化的减振器,包括:液压缸筒,活塞,活塞杆,阻尼阀;其特征是:该减振器采用了权利要求1所述的减振器阻尼控制以及性能评定方法,是以基准力值作为控制或设定减振器在各行程位置的拉伸阻尼力值或压缩阻尼力值的依据的,使减振器的阻尼力值是跟随减振器的行程位置变化的,且减振器在各行程位置的阻尼力值等于或接近于基准力值。
- 如权利要求3所述的阻尼力值跟随行程位置变化的减振器,包括:测量减振器行程位置的测量装置、控制器、电控阻尼阀,其特征是该减振器的拉伸阻尼阀或压缩阻尼阀为电控阻尼阀,减振器的行程位置由减振器行程位置测量装置提供给控制器,由控制器根据减振器的行程位置和基准力值控制减振器的阻尼力值。
- 如权利要求4所述的阻尼力值跟随行程位置变化的减振器,其特征是:该减振器上设有测力传感器,测力传感器实时测量减振器拉伸或压缩阻尼力值,由控制器根据减振器当前行程位置所对应的基准力值与当前行程位置的实时拉伸阻尼力值或实时压缩阻尼力值进行比较,并根据比较结果控制当前行程位置拉伸阻尼力值或压缩阻尼力值使之接近于或等于基准力值。
- 如权利要求3所述的阻尼力值跟随行程位置变化的减振器,其特征是:减振器的拉伸腔和压缩腔之间有通径大小跟随减振器行程位置变化的阻尼孔,该阻尼孔的通径大小是以基准力值作为控制或设定减振器拉伸阻尼力值或压缩阻尼力值的依据的,使减振器在设定的拉伸速度或压缩速度下的各行程位置的阻尼力值等于或接近于基准力值。
- 如权利要求6所述的阻尼力值跟随行程位置变化的减振器,其特征是:其中的一个阻尼阀主要由阻尼杆,中心阻尼孔构成,活塞杆为中空管,中空部分与拉伸腔相通,中心阻尼孔设在活塞杆靠近活塞端,阻尼杆为各部分截面积不同的杆;阻尼杆可以连接在液压缸底部,可以连接在减振器底阀上,也可以连接在单筒减振器的底阀或浮动活塞上;阻尼杆通过中心阻尼孔,与中心阻尼孔形成与减振器行程位置相对应的不同通径的拉伸阻尼阀孔;该阻尼孔的通径大小是以拉伸阻尼的基准力值作为控制或设定减振器拉伸阻尼力值的依据的,使减振器在设定的拉伸速度下的各行程位置的阻尼力值等于或接近于基准力值。
- 如权利要求6所述的阻尼力值跟随行程位置变化的减振器,其特征是:其中的一个阻尼阀主要由阻尼杆,中心阻尼孔构成,活塞杆为中空管,中空部分与拉伸腔相通,中心阻尼孔设在活塞杆靠近活塞端,阻尼杆为各部分截面积不同的杆;拉伸腔与储液腔通过单向阀连通,阻尼杆可以连接在液压缸底部;阻尼杆通过中心阻尼孔,与中心阻尼孔形成与减振器行程位置相对应的不同通径的压缩阻尼孔;该阻尼孔的通径大小是以压缩阻尼力值的基准力值作为控制或设定减振器压缩阻尼力值的依据的,使减振器在设定的压缩速度下的各行程位置的压缩阻尼力值等于或接近于基准力值;减振器压缩时,压缩腔的液流是经过阻尼孔进入拉伸腔,通过拉伸腔流入储液腔的。
- 如权利要求6所述的阻尼力值跟随行程位置变化的减振器,其特征是:减振器的液压缸筒为变截面液压缸筒,变截面缸筒的内部截面积的大小是沿缸筒的中心线变化的,缸筒的内截面与活塞构成拉伸腔与压缩腔之间通径大小不等的阻尼孔,该阻尼孔的通径大小是以拉伸阻尼力值的基准力值作为控制或设定减振器拉伸阻尼力值的依据的,使减振器在设定的拉伸速度下的各行程位置的拉伸阻尼力值等于或接近于基准力值。
- 一种车辆,其特征是:该车辆采用了权利要求3~9所述的其中一种减振器。
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CN202010780692.1A CN112413030A (zh) | 2019-08-22 | 2020-08-06 | 一种减振器阻尼控制和性能评定方法、以此方法优化的减振器和采用此减振器的车辆 |
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