WO2021031435A1 - 超低氮燃气蒸汽锅炉 - Google Patents

超低氮燃气蒸汽锅炉 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021031435A1
WO2021031435A1 PCT/CN2019/120794 CN2019120794W WO2021031435A1 WO 2021031435 A1 WO2021031435 A1 WO 2021031435A1 CN 2019120794 W CN2019120794 W CN 2019120794W WO 2021031435 A1 WO2021031435 A1 WO 2021031435A1
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Prior art keywords
pipe group
water
water pipe
boiler
gas
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PCT/CN2019/120794
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵荣新
高小平
王永强
邱尔鹏
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浙江力聚热水机有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201921362544.7U external-priority patent/CN210951256U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201910775359.9A external-priority patent/CN110425511B/zh
Application filed by 浙江力聚热水机有限公司 filed Critical 浙江力聚热水机有限公司
Publication of WO2021031435A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021031435A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
    • F22B21/02—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially straight water tubes
    • F22B21/04—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially straight water tubes involving a single upper drum and a single lower drum, e.g. the drums being arranged transversely
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
    • F22D1/24—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters with fire tubes or flue ways traversing feed-water vessels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of gas-fired steam boilers, in particular to an ultra-low nitrogen gas-fired steam boiler.
  • Existing gas-fired steam boilers generally consist of a furnace, a first return flue pipe, a second return flue pipe, a shell, a back-combustion chamber, front and rear smoke boxes, etc.
  • the flame generated by diffusion combustion passes through the furnace radiation and the first The return and second return smoke tubes heat the water in the boiler to produce steam. Due to the long combustion flame, the boiler usually has a horizontal structure.
  • This type of boiler has large volume, heavy weight, and large boiler water volume. In actual use, there are defects such as large footprint, slow start-up, low thermal efficiency, and high flue gas nitrogen oxide emissions.
  • the present invention proposes an ultra-low nitrogen gas-fired steam boiler, which can reduce boiler volume, fast start-up, reduce nitrogen oxide emissions, and can make full use of flue gas waste heat and improve thermal efficiency.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • the ultra-low nitrogen gas-fired steam boiler includes a furnace body.
  • the furnace body is provided with an upper header, a lower header, a first water pipe group and a second water pipe group arranged between the upper header and the lower header, and the second water pipe group It is arranged on the periphery of the first water pipe group and separated from the first water pipe group.
  • the top ends of the first water pipe group and the second water pipe group pass through the upper partition to communicate with the upper header, and the bottom ends pass through the lower partition and the lower header.
  • the tank is connected; the bottom side of the upper header is provided with a boiler water inlet pipe; one side of the first water pipe group is equipped with a gas distributor, and the side of the gas distributor facing the first water pipe group is equipped with a burner.
  • the premixed gas is introduced into the gas port.
  • the burner and the first water pipe group form an enclosure, the enclosure is the furnace of the boiler, and the flame burns in the furnace;
  • the first water pipe group is composed of a plurality of up-and-down ascending pipes arranged in parallel It is composed of multiple rising pipes evenly arranged in the direction of heat flow, and the second water pipe group is composed of multiple down pipes that are connected up and down in parallel;
  • the water pipe group is isolated from the second water pipe group by a refractory baffle, or adjacent to the periphery by welding
  • the membrane wall between the riser pipes is isolated from the second water pipe group.
  • the top of the upper header is provided with a steam outlet
  • the bottom side of the upper header is provided with a boiler water inlet
  • the boiler water inlet pipe passes through the boiler water inlet to communicate with the boiler water
  • the surface of the burner forms a combustion
  • the flame generates heat flow.
  • the boiler inlet water enters the lower header through the downcomer.
  • the water in the lower header passes through the first water pipe group and exchanges heat with the heat flow from bottom to top to form high-temperature steam in the upper header and is discharged from the steam outlet;
  • One side of the furnace body is provided with a flue gas outlet, and the heat flow is discharged from the flue gas outlet after heat exchange with the first water pipe group.
  • the furnace body is cylindrical, the upper header and the lower header are opposed to each other in a disc-shaped structure, the top of the upper header is provided with an upper manhole, and the lower header
  • the bottom end of the gas distributor is provided with a lower manhole and a drain hole; the side of the gas distributor protruding from the furnace body is connected to the mixer, and the gas and air are mixed in the mixer and sent into the gas distributor.
  • the burner has a vertical combustion surface or an arc-shaped combustion surface or a herringbone combustion surface.
  • the burner is provided with a cooling tube row and a flame-stabilizing tube row in sequence along the flow direction of the premixed gas, and the cooling tube row and the flame-stabilizing tube row are both arranged between the upper header and the lower header. It is connected to the upper header and the lower header; the premixed gas is burned after passing through the cooling pipe row, and then forms a stable combustion flame after passing through the flame stabilizing pipe row.
  • the cooling tube row is composed of a plurality of rectangular columnar or cylindrical or finned tube cooling tube arrangements
  • the flame-stabilizing tube row is composed of a plurality of cylindrical flame-stabilizing tubes.
  • the fire tube waste heat exchanger includes a shell, a vertical fire tube arranged in the shell, and a vertical fire tube formed between the outer walls of the vertical fire tube
  • the cavity is filled with boiler water
  • the top of the shell is connected to the flue gas outlet of the furnace body through a flue gas pipe
  • the bottom end of the shell is provided with a low-temperature flue gas outlet.
  • the flue gas is from top to bottom in the vertical fire tube After heat exchange with soft water, low-temperature flue gas is formed and discharged from the low-temperature flue gas outlet.
  • a water outlet pipe is provided on the top side of the cavity, and the water outlet pipe is connected to the boiler water inlet pipe of the furnace body. After the soft water in the cavity exchanges heat with the flue gas in the vertical fire tube The formed hot water enters the boiler inlet pipe.
  • a water supply pipe is provided on the bottom side of the cavity, and the water supply pipe is provided with a water supply pump.
  • the boiler and the burner are integrated design, using premixed combustion technology, the burner is installed inside the furnace body, the first water pipe group and the second water pipe group are arranged in the furnace body, the first water pipe group is the heating surface pipe, and the second water pipe group is the descending pipe group.
  • the boiler water inlet is located on the upper part of the furnace body.
  • the water source enters the lower header through the second water pipe group, and then enters the first water pipe group from the lower header to absorb heat to form high-temperature steam, thereby forming a natural hydrodynamic cycle.
  • the premixed gas can be evenly burned on the burner.
  • the burned flue gas exchanges heat with the first water pipe group, flushes the outer wall of the first water pipe group, transfers the heat of the flue gas to the water in the pipe, and increases the contact area between the heat source and the water.
  • the heat exchange efficiency reduces the nitrogen oxide emissions of the boiler.
  • a membrane wall or a fire-resistant partition is used to isolate the ascending pipe from the descending pipe, which can ensure that the descending pipe is not heated and the hydrodynamic cycle is reliable.
  • the exhaust heat of the boiler is absorbed by the fire tube waste heat exchanger.
  • the water in the fire tube waste heat is heated by the exhaust heat and then sent into the furnace body through the boiler water inlet pipe, and flows to the lower header through the second water tube group as the first
  • the water source of the water pipe group can increase the temperature of the water source, ensure the output of steam, reduce the temperature of exhaust smoke, and improve the energy utilization efficiency.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ultra-low nitrogen gas boiler of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the furnace body of the ultra-low nitrogen gas boiler according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the burner of the present invention.
  • the ultra-low nitrogen gas steam boiler of this embodiment includes a furnace body 1.
  • the furnace body 1 is provided with an upper header 10, a lower header 15, and an upper header 10 and a lower header.
  • the first water pipe group and the second water pipe group between the tank 15 are arranged on the periphery of the first water pipe group and separated from the first water pipe group.
  • the top of the first water pipe group passes through the upper partition 11 and the upper
  • the header 10 is connected, and the bottom end passes through the lower partition 16 to communicate with the lower header 15;
  • the bottom side of the upper header 10 is provided with a boiler water inlet pipe 13, and the top end of the second water pipe group passes through the upper partition 11 and connects with the upper header.
  • the tank 10 is connected, and the bottom end passes through the lower partition 16 to communicate with the lower header 15; one side of the first water pipe group is provided with a gas distributor 3, and the side of the gas distributor 3 facing the first water pipe group is provided with a burner 30 , The air inlet of the gas distributor 3 enters the premixed gas.
  • the upper header 10 is used to collect steam
  • the lower header 15 is used to store the hot water source.
  • the first water pipe group is composed of a plurality of up and down parallel rising pipes 17, and the second water pipe group is composed of a number of up and down parallel risers.
  • the first water pipe group and the second water pipe group are arranged at intervals.
  • the second water pipe group is used to transport the boiler inlet water to the lower header 15, and the first water pipe group is used to transfer the water in the lower header 15
  • the steam is transported from bottom to top to the upper header 10 to form high-temperature steam, thereby forming a natural hydrodynamic cycle. Compared with the traditional structure, the structure is more compact and the heat exchange efficiency is higher.
  • the premixed gas is introduced into the gas distributor 3, and the premixed gas is burned at the burner 30 to form a combustion flame.
  • the flame radiation heats the surrounding water pipes and burners, and the generated flue gas heat flows to heat the water in the riser 17, which can greatly Increasing heat exchange area and heat transfer efficiency, on the one hand, realizes efficient heat exchange in a small volume, on the other hand, because the heat of the flame is also absorbed by the burner, the flame temperature is reduced, and the synthesis and emission of nitrogen oxides are greatly reduced. .
  • the burner 2 and the first water pipe group form an enclosure, the enclosure is the furnace of the boiler, and the flame burns in the furnace;
  • the first water pipe group is composed of a plurality of up-and-down rising pipes 17 arranged in parallel.
  • the multiple rising pipes are evenly arranged along the heat flow direction, and the second water pipe group is composed of multiple down pipes 18 which are connected up and down in parallel;
  • the first water pipe group is isolated from the second water pipe group by a refractory baffle, or welded on the periphery
  • the membrane wall between the adjacent riser pipes 17 is isolated from the second water pipe group to ensure that the downer pipe 18 is not heated and the hydrodynamic cycle is reliable.
  • the membrane wall between the pipes can effectively prevent heat leakage in the heating space, and while not affecting the heating of the first water pipe group, it ensures the heat insulation between the heating space of the burner and the outside.
  • the number of downcomers 18 is less than the number of risers 17 to ensure the amount of steam generated, and the downcomers 18 are scattered in the space surrounded by the first water pipe group, and do not contact any risers.
  • the diameter of the downcomers is It can be larger than the diameter of the rising tube to fully ensure that the falling tube 18 is not heated. The specific number and position relationship are determined by the actual working conditions.
  • the top of the upper header 10 is provided with a steam outlet 12, and the bottom side of the upper header 10 is provided with a boiler water inlet 14.
  • the boiler water inlet pipe 13 passes through the boiler water inlet 14 to communicate with the water source; the water source passes through the boiler water inlet 14 and the boiler inlet
  • the water pipe 13 enters the upper header, and the top of each down pipe 18 is connected to the upper header 10 of the boiler to ensure that the water source enters the lower header from each down pipe 18;
  • the surface of the burner 30 forms a combustion flame and generates a heat flow.
  • the water in the lower header 15 passes through each riser tube 17 and exchanges heat with the heat flow from bottom to top to form high-temperature steam in the upper header 10 and is discharged from the steam outlet 12;
  • One side of the body 1 is provided with a flue gas outlet, and the heat flow is discharged from the flue gas outlet after exchanging heat with the water in the rising tube 17.
  • the furnace body 1 used in this embodiment is cylindrical, the upper header 10 and the lower header 15 are oppositely arranged disc-shaped structures; the side of the gas distributor 3 extending out of the furnace body is connected to the mixer 4, and the gas and air The mixed in the mixer 4 is sent to the gas distributor 3.
  • the burner 30 has a vertical combustion surface or an arc-shaped combustion surface or a herringbone combustion surface.
  • the arc-shaped combustion surface or herringbone combustion surface is installed in the cylindrical furnace body 1, the combustion area and the heat energy conversion efficiency can be increased. Higher, the specific shape and layout of the combustion surface are determined according to actual conditions.
  • the burner 30 used in this embodiment is provided with a cooling tube row and a flame-stabilizing tube row in sequence along the flow direction of the premixed gas.
  • the flame stabilizing pipe row is composed of several cylindrical flame stabilizing pipes 32 arranged, and the cooling pipe row and flame stabilizing pipe row are both arranged between the upper header 10 and the lower header 15 , And communicate with the upper header 10 and the lower header 15; the premixed gas burns after passing through the cooling tube row, and then forms a stable combustion flame after passing through the flame stabilizing tube row.
  • the center of the flame stabilizing pipe 32 is set corresponding to the first gap. Therefore, when the premixed gas passes through the first gap, the flow rate Decrease, the temperature decreases, the pressure decreases, ignition and combustion, when the combustion air flows between the first gap and the second gap, the gas volume increases, and the combustible gas flowing out from each gap re-forms a whole flame, reburns, and solves the burner
  • the second gap not only the flame temperature is reduced by the water in the flame stabilizing tube 32, but also the combustion airflow is stably burned. Therefore, a stable combustion flame can be formed at the end of the flame stabilizing tube, and the maximum The degree of reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions in flue gas.
  • the boiler water inlet of the ultra-low nitrogen gas-fired steam boiler of the present invention generally uses the same softened water as the conventional boiler.
  • the exhaust heat of the furnace body is used to heat the soft water, and the heated soft water is used as the water source of the boiler body, thereby maximizing the use of the boiler waste heat and reducing energy consumption.
  • the specific implementation method is as follows:
  • a fire tube preheater 2 is provided on one side of the furnace body 1.
  • the fire tube waste heat exchanger 2 includes a shell, a vertical fire tube 21 arranged in the shell, and a cavity 22 formed between the outer walls of the vertical fire tube.
  • the body 22 is filled with soft water.
  • the top of the shell is connected to the flue gas outlet of the furnace body through the flue gas pipe 23.
  • the bottom end of the shell is provided with a low-temperature flue gas outlet.
  • the flue gas is connected from top to bottom in the vertical fire tube 21. After the soft water heat exchanges, low-temperature flue gas is formed and discharged from the low-temperature flue gas outlet.
  • the top side of the cavity 22 is provided with a water outlet pipe 24 which is connected to the boiler water inlet pipe 13 of the furnace body.
  • the soft water in the cavity 22 exchanges heat with the flue gas in the vertical fire tube 21 to form hot water It enters the boiler water inlet pipe 13 to form the boiler's hot water exchange source.
  • the power cycle demand of the water source can be guaranteed, and the temperature and pressure of the water source can be guaranteed, and the overall heat exchange effect of the boiler can be improved.
  • a water supply pipe 25 is provided on the bottom side of the cavity 22, and the water supply pipe 25 is provided with a water supply pump 26.
  • the water supply pump 26 is turned on in time for water supply.
  • the fire tube waste heat exchanger has a certain heat storage capacity, even if the water make-up pump 26 is started and stopped, the heat exchange efficiency of the fire tube waste heat exchanger will not decrease.
  • the minimum operating water level exceeds the upper tube sheet 11 by at least 10cm.
  • the boiler water inlet pipe 13 is immersed in the water above the upper tube plate 11.
  • an upper manhole 33 is provided at the center of the upper header 10, and a lower manhole 34 is provided at the center of the lower header.
  • the manhole can be disassembled.
  • a blowdown pipe 35 is provided to realize blowdown of the boiler.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开一种超低氮燃气蒸汽锅炉，包括炉体，炉体内设有上集箱、下集箱、设于上集箱和下集箱之间的第一水管群和第二水管群，第二水管群设于第一水管群的***并与第一水管群隔离设置，第一水管群和第二水管群的顶端均穿过上隔板与上集箱连通，底端均穿过下隔板与下集箱连通；上集箱的底部一侧设有锅炉进水管；第一水管群的一侧设有气体分布器，气体分布器朝向第一水管群的一侧设有燃烧器，气体分布器的进气口通入预混气体。本发明所述超低氮蒸汽锅炉可显著降低蒸汽锅炉的氮氧化物排放量，增加热源与水的接触面积和换热效率，充分利用锅炉的排烟余热，锅炉体积较小，能耗损失较小，节能减排。

Description

超低氮燃气蒸汽锅炉 技术领域
本发明涉及燃气蒸汽锅炉技术领域，具体涉及为一种超低氮燃气蒸汽锅炉。
背景技术
现有燃气蒸汽锅炉中，一般由炉膛、第一回程烟管、第二回程烟管、壳体、回燃室、前后烟箱等几部分组成，扩散式燃烧产生的火焰通过炉膛辐射及第一回程、第二回程烟管加热锅炉中的水产生蒸汽。由于燃烧火焰长，通常锅炉为卧式结构。该型锅炉体积大、重量重、锅炉炉水容积大。实际使用中存在占地面积大、启动慢、热效率低、烟气氮氧化物排放高等缺陷。
发明内容
为解决上述现有技术存在的问题，本发明提出一种超低氮燃气蒸汽锅炉，可缩小锅炉体积、启动快、降低氮氧化物排放，并能充分利用烟气余热，提高热效率的蒸汽锅炉。
为实现以上技术目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
超低氮燃气蒸汽锅炉，包括炉体，炉体内设有上集箱、下集箱、设于上集箱和下集箱之间的第一水管群和第二水管群，第二水管群设于第一水管群的***并与第一水管群隔离设置，第一水管群和第二水管群的顶端均穿过上隔板与上集箱连通，底端均穿过下隔板与下集箱连通；上集箱的底部一侧设有锅炉进水管；第一水管群的一侧设有气体分布器，气体分布器朝向第一水管群的一侧设有燃烧器，气体分布器的进气口通入预混气体。
作为本发明的优选方案之一，燃烧器与第一水管群形成一个包围体，包围体即为锅炉的炉膛，火焰在炉膛中燃烧；第一水管群由多根上下贯通的平行设置的上升管组成，多根上升管沿热流方向均匀布置，第二水管群由多根上下贯通的平行设置的下降管组成；水管群通过耐火隔板与第二水管群隔离，或者，通过焊接 在***相邻上升管之间的膜式壁与第二水管群隔离。
作为本发明的优选方案之一，上集箱的顶端设有蒸汽出口，上集箱的底部一侧设有锅炉进水口，锅炉进水管穿过锅炉进水口与炉水连通；燃烧器表面形成燃烧火焰并产生热流，锅炉进水通过下降管进入下集箱，下集箱内的水由下至上经过第一水管群与热流换热后在上集箱内形成高温蒸汽，并由蒸汽出口排出；炉体的一侧设有烟气出口，热流与第一水管群换热后从烟气出口排出。
作为本发明的优选方案之一，所述炉体为圆筒形，所述上集箱和下集箱为相对设置的圆盘状结构，上集箱的顶端设有上部人孔，下集箱的底端设有下部人孔及排污孔；气体分布器伸出炉体的一侧连接混合器，燃气和空气在混合器内混合后送入气体分布器内。
作为本发明的优选方案之一，所述燃烧器具有垂直燃烧面或弧形燃烧面或人字燃烧面。
作为本发明的优选方案之一，所述燃烧器沿预混气体流动方向依次设有冷却管排和稳焰管排，冷却管排和稳焰管排均设于上集箱与下集箱之间，并与上集箱和下集箱连通；预混气体经冷却管排后燃烧，再经稳焰管排后形成稳定的燃烧火焰。
作为本发明的优选方案之一，所述冷却管排由数个矩形柱状或圆柱状或翅片管式的冷却管排列构成，稳焰管排由数个圆柱状的稳焰管排列构成。
作为本发明的优选方案之一，还包括设于炉体一侧的火管余热器，火管余热器包括壳体、设于壳体内的立式火管以及形成于立式火管外壁之间的腔体，腔体内填充锅炉补水，壳体的顶端通过烟气管道连接至炉体的烟气出口，壳体的底端设有低温烟气出口，烟气在立式火管内由上至下与软水换热后形成低温烟气，并从低温烟气出口排出。
作为本发明的优选方案之一，所述腔体的顶部一侧设有出水管，所述出水管连接至炉体的锅炉进水管，软水在腔体内与立式火管内的烟气换热后形成热水进入锅炉进水管。
作为本发明的优选方案之一，所述腔体的底部一侧设有补水管，补水管设有 补水泵。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益技术效果为：
锅炉与燃烧器一体设计，采用预混燃烧技术，燃烧器设于炉体内部，炉体内间隔设置第一水管群和第二水管群，第一水管群为受热面管，第二水管群为下降管，锅炉进水口设于炉体上部，水源通过第二水管群进入下集箱，再由下集箱进入第一水管群吸收热量形成高温蒸汽，由此，可形成一个自然水动力循环，同时预混气体可在燃烧器上均匀燃烧，燃烧后的烟气与第一水管群换热，冲刷第一水管群的外壁，将烟气热量传递给管内的水，增加热源与水的接触面积和换热效率，降低锅炉的氮氧化物排放量。同时，采用膜式壁或耐火隔板将上升管与下降管隔离，可确保下降管不受热，保证水动力循环可靠。
锅炉的排烟余热通过火管余热器吸收，火管余热器中的水被排烟余热加热后经锅炉进水管送入炉体内，经第二水管群流动至下集箱内，以作为第一水管群的水源，由此可提高水源的温度，保证蒸汽的产量，同时降低排烟的温度，提高能源利用效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述超低氮燃气锅炉的结构示意图；
图2为本发明所述超低氮燃气锅炉炉体的剖视图；
图3为本发明所述燃烧器的结构示意图。
图中，1-炉体，2-火管余热器，3-气体分布器，4-混合器；10-上集箱，11-上隔板，12-蒸汽出口，13-锅炉进水管，14-锅炉进水口，15-下集箱，16-下隔板，17-上升管，18-下降管，19-膜式壁，21-立式火管，22-腔体，23-烟气管道，24-出水管，25-补水管，26-补水泵；30-燃烧器,31-冷却管，32-稳焰管，33-上部人孔，34-下部人孔，35-排污孔。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步地描述，但本发明的保护范围并不 仅仅限于此。
如图1和图2所示，本实施例所述超低氮燃气蒸汽锅炉包括炉体1，炉体1内设有上集箱10、下集箱15、设于上集箱10和下集箱15之间的第一水管群和第二水管群，第二水管群设于第一水管群的***并与第一水管群隔离设置，第一水管群的顶端穿过上隔板11与上集箱10连通，底端穿过下隔板16与下集箱15连通；上集箱10的底部一侧设有锅炉进水管13，第二水管群的顶端穿过上隔板11与上集箱10连通，底端穿过下隔板16与下集箱15连通；第一水管群的一侧设有气体分布器3，气体分布器3朝向第一水管群的一侧设有燃烧器30，气体分布器3的进气口通入预混气体。
上集箱10用于收集蒸汽，下集箱15用于储存换热水源，第一水管群由多根上下贯通的平行设置的上升管17组成，第二水管群由多根上下贯通的平行设置的下降管18组成，第一水管群与第二水管群间隔设置，第二水管群用于将锅炉进水输送至下集箱15内，第一水管群用于将下集箱15内的水由下至上输送至上集箱10内形成高温蒸汽，由此形成一个自然水动力循环，相比于传统结构，结构更紧凑、换热效率更高。
气体分布器3内通入预混气体，预混气体在燃烧器30处燃烧形成燃烧火焰，火焰辐射加热周围的水管及燃烧器，产生的烟气热流去加热上升管17内的水，可大大增加换热面积和传热效率，一方面实现了小体积内的高效换热，另一方面由于火焰的热量也被燃烧器吸收一部分，降低了火焰温度，大大减少了氮氧化物的合成及排放。
结合图2所示，燃烧器2与第一水管群形成一个包围体，包围体即为锅炉的炉膛，火焰在炉膛中燃烧；第一水管群由多根上下贯通的平行设置的上升管17组成，多根上升管沿热流方向均匀布置，第二水管群由多根上下贯通的平行设置的下降管18组成；第一水管群通过耐火隔板与第二水管群隔离，或者，通过焊接在***相邻上升管17之间的膜式壁与第二水管群隔离，以确保下降管18不受热，保证水动力循环可靠。管道之间的膜式壁可有效防止加热空间的漏热，在不影响第一水管群受热的同时，保证了燃烧器加热空间与外部的隔热。优选地，下降管18的个 数小于上升管17的个数，以保证蒸汽产生量，且下降管18分散在第一水管群包围外的空间内，不与任何上升管接触，下降管的直径可大于上升管的直径，以充分保证下降管18不受热，具体个数和位置关系由实际工况而定。
上集箱10的顶端设有蒸汽出口12，上集箱10的底部一侧设有锅炉进水口14，锅炉进水管13穿过锅炉进水口14与水源连通；水源通过锅炉进水口14和锅炉进水管13进入上集箱内，每根下降管18的顶端均与锅炉上集箱10接通，以保证水源由每根下降管18进入下集箱内；
燃烧器30表面形成燃烧火焰并产生热流，下集箱15内的水由下至上经过每一上升管17与热流换热后在上集箱10内形成高温蒸汽，并由蒸汽出口12排出；炉体1的一侧设有烟气出口，热流与上升管17内的水换热后从烟气出口排出。
本实施例采用的炉体1为圆筒形，上集箱10和下集箱15为相对设置的圆盘状结构；气体分布器3伸出炉体的一侧连接混合器4，燃气和空气在混合器4内混合后送入气体分布器3内。优选地，燃烧器30具有垂直燃烧面或弧形燃烧面或人字形燃烧面，弧形燃烧面或人字形燃烧面安装在圆筒形的炉体1内时，可增加燃烧面积，热能转换效率更高，具体燃烧面的形状、布置结构根据实际情况而定。
结合图3所示，为进一步提高换热效果，降低氮氧化物的排放，本实施例采用的燃烧器30沿预混气体流动方向依次设有冷却管排和稳焰管排，冷却管排由数个矩形柱状的冷却管31排列构成，稳焰管排由数个圆柱状的稳焰管32排列构成，冷却管排和稳焰管排均设于上集箱10与下集箱15之间，并与上集箱10和下集箱15连通；预混气体经冷却管排后燃烧，再经稳焰管排后形成稳定的燃烧火焰。冷却管31之间设有第一缝隙，稳焰管32之间设有第二缝隙，稳焰管32的中心对应第一缝隙设置，由此，当预混气体经过第一缝隙后，气流流速减小，温度降低，压力降低，点火燃烧，燃烧气流经第一缝隙与第二缝隙之间时，气体体积增大，从各个缝隙流出的可燃气体重新形成一个整体火焰，重新燃烧，解决燃烧器的脱火问题，再经第二缝隙流出时，不仅火焰温度被稳焰管32内的水降低，同时使得燃烧气流稳定燃烧，因此，在稳焰管的末端可形成稳定的燃烧火焰， 同时最大程度减少烟气中氮氧化物的排放量。
本发明所述超低氮燃气蒸汽锅炉的锅炉进水口一般采用与常规锅炉相同的软化水即可。
本实施例利用炉体的排烟余热加热软水，将加热后的软水作为锅炉炉体的水源，由此最大程度地利用锅炉余热，降低能源损耗，具体实现方式为：
在炉体1的一侧设置火管预热器2，火管余热器2包括壳体、设于壳体内的立式火管21以及形成于立式火管外壁之间的腔体22，腔体22内填充软水，壳体的顶端通过烟气管道23连接至炉体的烟气出口，壳体的底端设有低温烟气出口，烟气在立式火管21内由上至下与软水换热后形成低温烟气，并从低温烟气出口排出。
腔体22的顶部一侧设有出水管24，所述出水管24连接至炉体的锅炉进水管13，软水在腔体22内与立式火管21内的烟气换热后形成热水进入锅炉进水管13，从而形成锅炉的换热水源。由此，既可以保证水源的动力循环需求，还可以保证水源的温度和压力，提高锅炉整体换热效果。
为保证水源的供应充足，在腔体22的底部一侧设有补水管25，补水管25设有补水泵26，当水位低于一定值时，及时开启补水泵26进行补水。同时，由于火管余热器具有一定的蓄热能力，即使补水泵26在启停，火管余热器的换热效率也不会降低。为确保锅炉的可靠运行，最低运行水位超过上管板11至少10cm。锅炉进水管13浸没在上管板11上部的水里。
为了方便对锅炉内部进行维修保养，上集箱10中心位置设置了一个上部人孔33，下集箱中心位置设置了一个下部人孔34，人孔可以拆卸。另外设置了排污管35以实现对锅炉的排污。
以上对本发明的实施例进行了详细说明，对本领域的普通技术人员而言，依据本发明提供的思想，在具体实施方式上会有改变之处，而这些改变也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 超低氮燃气蒸汽锅炉，包括炉体，其特征在于：
    炉体内设有上集箱、下集箱、设于上集箱和下集箱之间的第一水管群和第二水管群，第二水管群设于第一水管群的***并与第一水管群隔离设置，
    第一水管群和第二水管群的顶端均穿过上隔板与上集箱连通，底端均穿过下隔板与下集箱连通；上集箱的底部一侧设有锅炉进水管；
    第一水管群的一侧设有气体分布器，气体分布器朝向第一水管群的一侧设有燃烧器，气体分布器的进气口通入预混气体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的超低氮燃气蒸汽锅炉，其特征在于：
    燃烧器与第一水管群形成一个包围体，包围体即为锅炉的炉膛，火焰在炉膛中燃烧；第一水管群由多根上下贯通的平行设置的上升管组成，多根上升管沿热流方向均匀布置，第二水管群由多根上下贯通的平行设置的下降管组成；
    第一水管群通过耐火隔板与第二水管群隔离，或者，通过焊接在***相邻上升管之间的膜式壁与第二水管群隔离。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的超低氮燃气蒸汽锅炉，其特征在于：
    上集箱的顶端设有蒸汽出口，上集箱的底部一侧设有锅炉进水口，锅炉进水管穿过锅炉进水口与炉水连通；
    燃烧器表面形成燃烧火焰并产生热流，锅炉进水通过下降管进入下集箱，下集箱内的水由下至上经过第一水管群与热流换热后在上集箱内形成高温蒸汽，并由蒸汽出口排出；炉体的一侧设有烟气出口，热流与第一水管群换热后从烟气出口排出。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述超低氮燃气蒸汽锅炉，其特征在于：所述炉体为圆筒形，所述上集箱和下集箱为相对设置的圆盘状结构；上集箱的顶端设有上部人孔，下集箱的底端设有下部人孔及排污孔；
    气体分布器伸出炉体的一侧连接混合器，燃气和空气在混合器内混合后送入气体分布器内。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的超低氮燃气蒸汽锅炉，其特征在于：所述燃烧器具有垂直燃烧面或弧形燃烧面或人字形燃烧面。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的超低氮燃气蒸汽锅炉，其特征在于：所述燃烧器沿预混气体流动方向依次设有冷却管排和稳焰管排，冷却管排和稳焰管排均设于上集箱与下集箱之间，并与上集箱和下集箱连通；
    预混气体经冷却管排后燃烧，再经稳焰管排后形成稳定的燃烧火焰。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的超低氮燃气蒸汽锅炉，其特征在于：所述冷却管排由数个矩形柱状或圆柱状或翅片管式的冷却管排列构成，稳焰管排由数个圆柱状的稳焰管排列构成。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的超低氮燃气蒸汽锅炉，其特征在于：
    还包括设于炉体一侧的火管余热器，
    火管余热器包括壳体、设于壳体内的立式火管以及形成于立式火管外壁之间的腔体，腔体内填充锅炉补水，
    壳体的顶端通过烟气管道连接至炉体的烟气出口，壳体的底端设有低温烟气出口，烟气在立式火管内由上至下与软水换热后形成低温烟气，并从低温烟气出口排出。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的超低氮燃气蒸汽锅炉，其特征在于：
    所述腔体的顶部一侧设有出水管，所述出水管连接至炉体的锅炉进水管，软水在腔体内与立式火管内的烟气换热后形成热水进入锅炉进水管。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的超低氮燃气蒸汽锅炉，其特征在于：所述腔体的底部一侧设有补水管，补水管连接锅炉补水泵。
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