WO2021024106A1 - Machine for precision machining of a three-dimensional body by laser cutting or welding - Google Patents

Machine for precision machining of a three-dimensional body by laser cutting or welding Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021024106A1
WO2021024106A1 PCT/IB2020/057161 IB2020057161W WO2021024106A1 WO 2021024106 A1 WO2021024106 A1 WO 2021024106A1 IB 2020057161 W IB2020057161 W IB 2020057161W WO 2021024106 A1 WO2021024106 A1 WO 2021024106A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
machine
carriage
axis
along
support plane
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2020/057161
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Luigi Gilli
Fabrizio Grassi
Graziano Rolando
Original Assignee
Efort Europe S.R.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Efort Europe S.R.L. filed Critical Efort Europe S.R.L.
Publication of WO2021024106A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021024106A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
    • B23K26/0876—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions
    • B23K26/0884—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions in at least in three axial directions, e.g. manipulators, robots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/02—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element
    • B23K37/0211—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element travelling on a guide member, e.g. rail, track
    • B23K37/0229—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element travelling on a guide member, e.g. rail, track the guide member being situated alongside the workpiece

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a machine for precision machining of a three-dimensional body by laser cutting or welding, in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.
  • This cantilever structure typically comprises a head equipped with a laser tool, mounted on a column that allows the head to be moved along an axis perpendicular to the support plane of the machine, the latter substantially perpendicular to the direction of the force of gravity acting upon each component of the machine.
  • the column is mounted on a carriage capable of moving on guides arranged along a cantilever arm substantially parallel to the support plane.
  • the arm with the carriage is supported by the base structure of the machine which lies on the support plane.
  • the main bodies of said machines are made up of boxed and welded metal structures, so as to ensure adequate stability and rigidity of the machine when it is subjected to the stresses caused by the movable parts adapted to move the head.
  • a side view of an exemplary laser cutting or welding machine 100 known in the state of the art is represented, said machine 100 being substantially corresponding to the one shown in the aforesaid document US 5637243.
  • Said machine 100 comprises: a carriage 150 comprising a column 140 adapted to move a head 130, adapted to house a tool 120 for laser cutting or welding of a three-dimensional body; first moving means 171, 172 adapted to move said carriage 150 along a first substantially horizontal axis; second moving means 161, 162 adapted to move said carriage 150 along a second substantially horizontal axis 102.
  • the column 140 allows the head 130 to be moved along a third axis 103 perpendicular to the support plane 180 of the machine 100, said support plane 180 being substantially perpendicular to the direction of the force of gravity.
  • Said tool 120, comprised in the head 130, is also able to rotate around the third axis 103.
  • the carriage 150 is comprised in a self-moving cantilever arm 160, the latter being able to translate along a first axis substantially parallel to the support plane 180 via the first moving means 171, 172.
  • said first moving means comprise at least a first horizontal guide 171 and a second horizontal guide 172.
  • Said first moving means are comprised in a base structure 170 placed on the support plane 180.
  • Said cantilever arm 160 comprises said second moving means, which comprise two horizontal guides 161, 162 which allow the movement of the carriage 150 along said second axis 102 substantially parallel to the support plane 180 and perpendicular to the first axis.
  • the carriage 150 slides along the axis 102 placed on the cantilever arm 160.
  • variable moment M The force of gravity acting upon the carriage 150 generates a variable moment M with respect to the horizontal guides 171 and 172, said variable moment M being a linear function of the position of the carriage 150 with respect to the same guides 171 and 172.
  • This configuration generates a bending of the cantilever arm 160 which results in a linearity error of the cantilever arm 160 itself and, consequently, in a machining error on a workpiece (not shown).
  • the sliding means on the guides 171 and 172 are stressed in opposite vertical directions which cause different rigidity and wear.
  • a first drawback is the bending of the horizontal cantilever arm 160 on which the carriage 150 carrying the head 130 runs;
  • a second drawback is the reduced guide ratio between the beam 160 with the guides 171 and 172 which amplifies the linearity errors of the guides 171 and 172 themselves;
  • a third drawback is given by the sum of the two previous drawbacks, since they cause a low rigidity of the whole and, as a consequence, the generation of oscillations that are harmful to the precision of the pieces processed on the machine;
  • a fourth drawback consists in the large overall dimensions of the machine 100 in plan, since the geometric configuration of the machine 100 itself places the longer axes in a horizontal position.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to solve the drawbacks of the machines for precision machining of a three-dimensional body by laser cutting or welding, known in the state of the art.
  • an object of the present invention is to indicate a machine for precision machining of a three-dimensional body, by laser cutting or welding, which allows to increase the precision of the machining.
  • a further object of the present invention is to indicate a laser cutting or welding machine consisting of a leaner and smaller structure than in the known art and formed in such a way as to obtain a considerable reduction in masses and, consequently, an improvement in the overall dynamics of the machine.
  • FIG. 2 represents respectively a first side view of a laser cutting or welding machine according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 represents a second side view of a machine according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 represents a plan or top view of a machine according to the present invention.
  • a machine 200 for machining a three-dimensional body, by laser cutting or welding, according to an embodiment of the present invention is represented by way of example.
  • Said machine 200 comprises:
  • a carriage 250 comprising a column 240 adapted to move a head 230, wherein said head 230 is adapted to house a tool 220 for laser cutting or welding of said three- dimensional body;
  • first moving means 271, 272 adapted to move said carriage 250 along a first axis 201 substantially parallel to a support plane 180.
  • Said first moving means comprise one or more horizontal guides, for example a first horizontal guide 271 and a second horizontal guide 272.
  • Said first moving means can be comprised in a base structure 270 placed on the support plane 180, or they can be directly positioned on said support plane 180.
  • Said support plane 180 is substantially perpendicular to the direction of the force of gravity acting upon each component of the machine 200.
  • the carriage 250 is comprised in a self-moving vertical arm (indicated as a whole with the reference number 360) that is able to move along said first axis 201 substantially parallel to the support plane 180 via first moving means 271, 272.
  • the vertical arm 360 can comprise a first vertical post 360a and a second vertical post 360b mutually anchored by fastening means 360c, such as for example screws and bolts. Said vertical posts 360a, 360b form a compartment 365 in the vertical arm 360 in which the carriage 250 is arranged.
  • said self-moving vertical arm 260 comprises second moving means 261, 262 adapted to move said carriage 250 along a second axis 202 substantially perpendicular to said support plane 180.
  • Said column 240 comprises third moving means for moving said head 230 along a third axis 203 substantially parallel to a support plane 180 and substantially perpendicular to the second axis 202, which in turn is substantially perpendicular to the support plane 180.
  • Said tool 220 comprised in the head 230, is able to rotate around the third axis 203.
  • the machine 200 made according to the teachings of the present invention advantageously allows to obtain a better distribution of the loads (or of the weight forces) on the movable components of the same, by using a vertical double-post structure of the vertical arm 360.
  • a further advantage of the present invention consists in the fact that the machine 200 is advantageously constituted by a lighter and smaller structure than the prior art, capable of reducing wear and deformation of the movable components of the machine.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is that the machine 200 advantageously allows to increase the machining precision on three-dimensional bodies, reducing the oscillations during the movement of the laser cutting or welding tool.
  • a further advantage of the present invention consists in the fact that the machine 200 advantageously allows to increase the machining precision on three-dimensional bodies, making the distribution of the loads on the movable components of the machine substantially symmetrical, reducing the wear thereof with respect to the prior art.
  • Another advantage of the present invention consists in the fact that the machine 200 is advantageously cheaper than the prior art, since it is made from a lighter structure and using less material.
  • the principle of the invention remaining the same, the embodiments and details of construction can be widely varied with respect to what has been described and illustrated purely by way of non-limiting example, without thereby departing from the scope of protection of the present invention defined by the appended claims.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a machine (200) for precision machining of a three-dimensional body by laser cutting or welding, said machine (200) comprising: a carriage (250) comprising a column (240) adapted to move a head (230), wherein said head (230) is adapted to house a tool (220) for laser cutting or welding of said three- dimensional body; first moving means (271, 272) adapted to move said carriage (250) along a first axis (201) substantially parallel to a support plane (180), said carriage (250) being comprised in a self-moving vertical arm (360) movable along said first axis (201) via said first moving means (271, 272), said self-moving vertical arm (360) comprising second moving means (261, 262) adapted to move said carriage (250) along a second axis (202) substantially perpendicular to said support plane (180). The main feature of the present invention consists in the fact that said vertical arm (360) comprises a compartment (365) in which said carriage (250) is arranged.

Description

MACHINE FOR PRECISION MACHINING OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL BODY BY LASER CUTTING OR WELDING
DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates to a machine for precision machining of a three-dimensional body by laser cutting or welding, in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.
The machines known in the state of the art for precision machining of a three-dimensional body, by laser cutting or welding, usually have a cantilever structure; for example, see the machine described in U.S. Patent No. US5637243. This cantilever structure typically comprises a head equipped with a laser tool, mounted on a column that allows the head to be moved along an axis perpendicular to the support plane of the machine, the latter substantially perpendicular to the direction of the force of gravity acting upon each component of the machine. The column is mounted on a carriage capable of moving on guides arranged along a cantilever arm substantially parallel to the support plane. The arm with the carriage is supported by the base structure of the machine which lies on the support plane. Typically the main bodies of said machines are made up of boxed and welded metal structures, so as to ensure adequate stability and rigidity of the machine when it is subjected to the stresses caused by the movable parts adapted to move the head.
With reference to Figure 1, a side view of an exemplary laser cutting or welding machine 100 known in the state of the art is represented, said machine 100 being substantially corresponding to the one shown in the aforesaid document US 5637243. Said machine 100 comprises: a carriage 150 comprising a column 140 adapted to move a head 130, adapted to house a tool 120 for laser cutting or welding of a three-dimensional body; first moving means 171, 172 adapted to move said carriage 150 along a first substantially horizontal axis; second moving means 161, 162 adapted to move said carriage 150 along a second substantially horizontal axis 102.
The column 140 allows the head 130 to be moved along a third axis 103 perpendicular to the support plane 180 of the machine 100, said support plane 180 being substantially perpendicular to the direction of the force of gravity. Said tool 120, comprised in the head 130, is also able to rotate around the third axis 103.
In the machine described in U.S. Patent No. US5637243 the carriage 150 is comprised in a self-moving cantilever arm 160, the latter being able to translate along a first axis substantially parallel to the support plane 180 via the first moving means 171, 172. In particular, said first moving means comprise at least a first horizontal guide 171 and a second horizontal guide 172. Said first moving means are comprised in a base structure 170 placed on the support plane 180.
Said cantilever arm 160 comprises said second moving means, which comprise two horizontal guides 161, 162 which allow the movement of the carriage 150 along said second axis 102 substantially parallel to the support plane 180 and perpendicular to the first axis. The carriage 150 slides along the axis 102 placed on the cantilever arm 160.
The force of gravity acting upon the carriage 150 generates a variable moment M with respect to the horizontal guides 171 and 172, said variable moment M being a linear function of the position of the carriage 150 with respect to the same guides 171 and 172.
This configuration generates a bending of the cantilever arm 160 which results in a linearity error of the cantilever arm 160 itself and, consequently, in a machining error on a workpiece (not shown).
Furthermore, the sliding means on the guides 171 and 172 are stressed in opposite vertical directions which cause different rigidity and wear.
The present prior art, as described above and substantially corresponding to that shown in US5637243, has therefore a series of drawbacks summarized below: a first drawback is the bending of the horizontal cantilever arm 160 on which the carriage 150 carrying the head 130 runs; a second drawback is the reduced guide ratio between the beam 160 with the guides 171 and 172 which amplifies the linearity errors of the guides 171 and 172 themselves; a third drawback is given by the sum of the two previous drawbacks, since they cause a low rigidity of the whole and, as a consequence, the generation of oscillations that are harmful to the precision of the pieces processed on the machine; a fourth drawback consists in the large overall dimensions of the machine 100 in plan, since the geometric configuration of the machine 100 itself places the longer axes in a horizontal position.
The object of the present invention is therefore to solve the drawbacks of the machines for precision machining of a three-dimensional body by laser cutting or welding, known in the state of the art.
In particular, an object of the present invention is to indicate a machine for precision machining of a three-dimensional body, by laser cutting or welding, which allows to increase the precision of the machining.
A further object of the present invention is to indicate a laser cutting or welding machine consisting of a leaner and smaller structure than in the known art and formed in such a way as to obtain a considerable reduction in masses and, consequently, an improvement in the overall dynamics of the machine.
In order to achieve these objects, a machine for precision machining on three-dimensional bodies by laser cutting or welding, incorporating the characteristics of the attached claims, which form an integral part of the present description, constitutes the object of this invention. Further objects, characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become clear from the following detailed description and the appended figures, provided solely by way of non-limiting example, wherein:
- Figure 1 represents a side view of a machine for precision machining on three- dimensional bodies, in particular for laser cutting or welding, known in the state of the art and already described above;
- Figure 2 represents respectively a first side view of a laser cutting or welding machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
- Figure 3 represents a second side view of a machine according to the present invention;
- Figure 4 represents a plan or top view of a machine according to the present invention.
With reference to Figures 2, 3 and 4, a machine 200 for machining a three-dimensional body, by laser cutting or welding, according to an embodiment of the present invention, is represented by way of example. Said machine 200 comprises:
- a carriage 250 comprising a column 240 adapted to move a head 230, wherein said head 230 is adapted to house a tool 220 for laser cutting or welding of said three- dimensional body;
- first moving means 271, 272 adapted to move said carriage 250 along a first axis 201 substantially parallel to a support plane 180.
Said first moving means comprise one or more horizontal guides, for example a first horizontal guide 271 and a second horizontal guide 272. Said first moving means can be comprised in a base structure 270 placed on the support plane 180, or they can be directly positioned on said support plane 180. Said support plane 180 is substantially perpendicular to the direction of the force of gravity acting upon each component of the machine 200.
The carriage 250 is comprised in a self-moving vertical arm (indicated as a whole with the reference number 360) that is able to move along said first axis 201 substantially parallel to the support plane 180 via first moving means 271, 272. The vertical arm 360 can comprise a first vertical post 360a and a second vertical post 360b mutually anchored by fastening means 360c, such as for example screws and bolts. Said vertical posts 360a, 360b form a compartment 365 in the vertical arm 360 in which the carriage 250 is arranged.
In accordance with the present invention, said self-moving vertical arm 260 comprises second moving means 261, 262 adapted to move said carriage 250 along a second axis 202 substantially perpendicular to said support plane 180.
Said column 240 comprises third moving means for moving said head 230 along a third axis 203 substantially parallel to a support plane 180 and substantially perpendicular to the second axis 202, which in turn is substantially perpendicular to the support plane 180. Said tool 220, comprised in the head 230, is able to rotate around the third axis 203.
It can be noted from figures 2 and 3 that said vertical arm 360 comprises a compartment 365 in which said carriage 250 is arranged, said compartment 365 can be formed by the two vertical posts 360a, 360b in which the carriage 250 and column 240 are comprised, said configuration which is the basis of the present invention allows to obtain the following advantages in comparison with the known art:
- an overall more compact machine 200 and, consequently, with smaller overall dimensions in relation to the useful working volume;
- an overall more compact machine 200 and, consequently, more rigid with respect to the state of the art with the same mass;
- machine 200 with the vertical loads substantially bary centric with respect to a base 269 of the vertical arm 260, which supports the whole of all the movable masses, consequently ensuring better stability and uniform wear of the moving means 273 and 274.
In a preferred embodiment, said second moving means 261, 262 can comprise one or more vertical guides, for example a first vertical guide 261 and a second vertical guide 262.
Said first moving means 271, 272 and second moving means 261, 262 respectively allow the movement of said vertical arm 360 and said carriage 250 via at least one movable component, such as for example a wheel comprising at least one bearing (not shown in the figures).
Unlike the machine 100 known in the state of the art and described above, the carriage 250 of the machine 200 according to the present invention is movable along the second axis 202 substantially vertical (or perpendicular) with respect to the support plane 180, and not along an axis that is substantially horizontal (or parallel to said support plane 180), as instead occurs in the case of the axis 102 shown in Figure 1 with reference to the state of the art; this difference implies a different configuration of the loads from the machine 100 known in the state of the art and shown in Figure 1.
In this regard and with particular reference to Figure 2, it can be noted that the centre of gravity 285 upon which the force of gravity P of the two vertical posts 360a, 360b of the vertical arm 360, including the carriage 250 acts, moves substantially along the direction of the second axis 202, based on the movement of the carriage 250 along said second axis 202. The position of the centre of gravity 285 along the first axis 201 does not depend on the movement of the carriage 250 and is substantially static along said first axis 201 and always included in the base 269 of the vertical arm 260. Consequently, unlike what happens in the state of the art, thanks to the forecasts of the machine 200 according to the present invention, no moment is generated, so that the oscillations due to the movement of the carriage 250 along the vertical arm 260 are substantially nil or at least strongly reduced with respect to the oscillations the carriage 150 of the machine 100 undergo.
Unlike the machine 100 known in the state of the art and described above with reference to Figure 1, in the machine 200 according to the present invention the force of gravity P of the vertical arm 360, which acts upon the centre of gravity 285, is distributed substantially symmetrically on at least one movable component of the machine 200, such as for example on front movable components 273 and rear movable components 274, which slide on both horizontal guides 271 and 272.
In fact, by indicating for example with Pa and Pp the weight force acting upon the front movable components 273 and upon the rear movable components 274 respectively, where P = Pa + Pp, results in module: A*Pp = B*Pa, B and A being the distances between the position of the centre of gravity 285 along the first axis 201 and the front movable components 273 and the rear movable components 274 respectively (see Figure 2).
The movable components, for example the front movable components 273 and the rear movable components 274, comprising for example bearings, undergo a different compression as the ratio between the distances A/B is different from one. Considering for example Figure 2, in the case in which the centre of gravity 285 is shifted towards the front movable components 273, the distance B is less than the distance A, making the ratio A/B less than one, consequently the weight force Pa acting upon the front movable components 273 is greater than the weight force Pp acting upon the rear movable components 274. Alternatively, in the case in which the centre of gravity 285 is shifted towards the rear movable components 274, the distance B is greater than the distance A, making the ratio A/B greater than one, consequently the weight force Pb acting upon the rear movable components 274 is greater than the weight force Pa acting upon the front movable components 273. This would cause a deformation and wear of said asymmetrical components, contributing to the reduction of the operating precision of the tool 220. According to the present invention it is possible to reduce the asymmetrical wear of the movable components, such as for example the front movable components 273 and the rear movable components 274, by making the distances A and B substantially equal, or equivalently making the A/B ratio substantially equal to one. This A/B ratio depends on the position of said centre of gravity 285 along the first axis 201 which, unlike the prior art, does not depend on the movement of the carriage 250 but is determined by the constructive elements of the vertical arm 360.
With reference to the embodiment of Figure 2, the vertical arm 360 comprises a first vertical post 360a and a second vertical post 360b mutually anchored by fastening means 360c, such as for example screws and bolts. Said vertical posts 360a, 360b form a compartment 365 in the vertical arm 360 in which the carriage 250 is arranged.
Said compartment 365 can be formed by only two vertical posts 360a, 360b in which at least one of said vertical posts 360a, 360b has substantially horizontal elements which allow to anchor said vertical posts 360a, 360b with said fastening means 360c. Alternatively, said horizontal elements can be for example metal tubes or profiles, not included in said vertical posts 360a, 360b and anchored to them by fastening means 360c so as to form said compartment 365.
As shown in Figure 3, said second moving means can comprise for example a first vertical guide 261 and a second vertical guide 262 which can be housed, for example, in the first vertical post 360a. Said second moving means 261, 262 allow the movement of the carriage 250 along said second axis 202 substantially perpendicular to the support plane 180 within said compartment 365 (see also Figure 2).
In an alternative embodiment (not shown in the attached figures), said compartment 365 can be formed in a single vertical post; in this case, said second moving means 261, 262 can for example be installed within the compartment 365 obtained in said single vertical post, so as to allow the movement of the carriage 250 along said second axis 202 substantially perpendicular to the support plane 180, within said compartment 365.
Unlike the machine 100 known in the state of the art and described above, the carriage 250 is movable along the second axis 202, vertical (or perpendicular) with respect to the support plane 180, within the compartment 365 formed by the vertical posts 360a and 360b , this implies a configuration of the loads that is different from the machine 100 of the type known in the state of the art. In fact, and with particular reference to Figure 2, the centre of gravity 285 upon which the force of gravity P of the vertical arm 360, comprising the vertical posts 360a and 360b and the carriage 250, acts, moves substantially along the direction of the second axis 202, based on the movement of the carriage 250 along said second axis 202. The position of the centre of gravity 285 along the first axis 201 does not depend on the movement of the carriage 250 and is substantially static along said first axis 201 and always included in the base 269 of the vertical arm 360. Consequently, unlike the machine 100 known in the state of the art, no moment is generated in the machine 200 according to the present invention, so that the oscillations due to the movement of the carriage 250 along the vertical arm 360 are substantially nil or at least strongly reduced with respect to the oscillations the carriage 150 of the machine 100 undergo.
According to the present embodiment of the invention, it is possible to form the first and second vertical posts, 360a and 360b respectively, in such a way as to make the ratio between the distances A/B substantially equal to unity, for example by modifying the shape and/or the dimensions, thus distributing the load symmetrically on one or more movable components, for example the front movable components 273 and the rear movable components 274 which slide on both horizontal guides 271 and 272. This allows a symmetrical deformation and wear of these components, contributing to the increase of the operating precision of the tool 220.
Unlike the prior art, according to the present embodiment of the invention in order to make the ratio between the distances A/B equal to unity, it is not at all necessary to strengthen the structure of the vertical arm 360, but instead it is sufficient to design and make a structure such that the distances A and B are substantially equivalent. Consequently, the amount of the loads moved and the wear of the movable components of the machine 200, according to the present embodiment of the invention, is considerably and efficiently reduced with respect to machines known in the state of the art.
Furthermore, the overall dimensions of the machine 200 according to the present embodiment of the invention are considerably reduced with respect to the machine 100 known in the state of the art, while obtaining an operating precision of the tool 220 that is much greater than in the state of the art.
The advantages of the present invention are therefore evident from the description made.
In particular, the machine 200 made according to the teachings of the present invention advantageously allows to obtain a better distribution of the loads (or of the weight forces) on the movable components of the same, by using a vertical double-post structure of the vertical arm 360.
A further advantage of the present invention consists in the fact that the machine 200 is advantageously constituted by a lighter and smaller structure than the prior art, capable of reducing wear and deformation of the movable components of the machine. Another advantage of the present invention is that the machine 200 advantageously allows to increase the machining precision on three-dimensional bodies, reducing the oscillations during the movement of the laser cutting or welding tool.
A further advantage of the present invention consists in the fact that the machine 200 advantageously allows to increase the machining precision on three-dimensional bodies, making the distribution of the loads on the movable components of the machine substantially symmetrical, reducing the wear thereof with respect to the prior art.
Another advantage of the present invention consists in the fact that the machine 200 is advantageously cheaper than the prior art, since it is made from a lighter structure and using less material. Naturally, the principle of the invention remaining the same, the embodiments and details of construction can be widely varied with respect to what has been described and illustrated purely by way of non-limiting example, without thereby departing from the scope of protection of the present invention defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. Machine (200) for precision machining of a three-dimensional body by laser cutting or welding, said machine (200) comprising: a carriage (250) comprising a column (240) adapted to move a head (230), wherein said head (230) is adapted to house a tool (220) for laser cutting or welding of said three- dimensional body; first moving means (271, 272) adapted to move said carriage (250) along a first axis (201) substantially parallel to a support plane (180), said carriage (250) being comprised in a self-moving vertical arm (360) movable along said first axis (201) via said first moving means (271, 272), said self-moving vertical arm (360) comprising second moving means (261, 262) adapted to move said carriage (250) along a second axis (202) substantially perpendicular to said support plane (180), said machine (200) being characterized in that said vertical arm (360) comprises a compartment (365) in which said carriage (250) is arranged.
2. Machine (200) according to claim 1, characterized in that said vertical arm (360) comprises a first vertical post (360a) and a second vertical post (360b), which form said compartment (365) where said carriage (250) is arranged.
3. Machine (200) according to claim 2, characterized in that said first vertical post (360a) and said second vertical post (360b) are mutually anchored by fastening means (360c).
4. Machine (200) according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said carriage (250) is movable along said second axis (202) within said compartment (365).
5. Machine (200) according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said column (240) comprises third moving means for moving said head (230) along a third axis (203) substantially parallel to said support plane (180) and substantially perpendicular to said second axis (202).
6. Machine (200) according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the direction of the force of gravity acting upon each component of said machine (200) is substantially perpendicular to said support plane (180).
7. Machine (200) according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said first moving means (271, 272) are comprised in a base structure (270) placed on said support plane (180).
8. Machine (200) according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the position of the centre of gravity (285) acted upon by the force of gravity of said vertical arm (360), inclusive of said carriage (250), is substantially static along said first axis (201) and always included in the base (269) of said vertical arm (360).
9. Machine (200) according to claim 8, characterized in that said centre of gravity (285) moves substantially along the direction of said second axis (202), according to the movement of said carriage (250) along said second axis (202).
10. Machine (200) according to one or more of claims 8 to 9, characterized in that said force of gravity acts upon said centre of gravity (285) in a substantially symmetrical manner on one or more movable components of said machine (200).
PCT/IB2020/057161 2019-08-06 2020-07-29 Machine for precision machining of a three-dimensional body by laser cutting or welding WO2021024106A1 (en)

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IT102019000014184A IT201900014184A1 (en) 2019-08-06 2019-08-06 MACHINE FOR THE PRECISION MACHINING OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL BODY BY LASER CUTTING OR WELDING

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