WO2021022880A1 - Wave-absorbing and wave-transmitting metamaterial structure and aircraft - Google Patents

Wave-absorbing and wave-transmitting metamaterial structure and aircraft Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021022880A1
WO2021022880A1 PCT/CN2020/093932 CN2020093932W WO2021022880A1 WO 2021022880 A1 WO2021022880 A1 WO 2021022880A1 CN 2020093932 W CN2020093932 W CN 2020093932W WO 2021022880 A1 WO2021022880 A1 WO 2021022880A1
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Prior art keywords
wave
conductive
microstructure
absorbing
convex curve
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PCT/CN2020/093932
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘若鹏
赵治亚
陈康强
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深圳光启尖端技术有限责任公司
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Priority claimed from CN201921251252.6U external-priority patent/CN210692762U/en
Priority claimed from CN201910716097.9A external-priority patent/CN110416738A/en
Application filed by 深圳光启尖端技术有限责任公司 filed Critical 深圳光启尖端技术有限责任公司
Publication of WO2021022880A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021022880A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of electromagnetic waves, in particular to a wave-absorbing metamaterial structure and an aircraft.
  • Radar is currently one of the most effective means to find air targets, so the radar cross-sectional area of the aircraft itself (Radar Cross Section, RCS) is an important factor affecting the survival and penetration capabilities of the aircraft itself.
  • RCS Rad Cross Section
  • Most of the existing aircraft use a radome with a stealth shape and a stealth coating or a combination of a stealth shape and a frequency selection surface to solve the RCS problem of the antenna.
  • the former requires a lot of time and cost to maintain, and the latter has been discovered after the dual (multiple) station radar began to appear with a relatively large RCS.
  • a wave-absorbing metamaterial structure which includes: at least one first microstructure array, at least one second microstructure array, and A dielectric layer;
  • each first microstructure array includes a plurality of absorbing microstructures
  • each second microstructure array includes Multiple wave-transmitting and reflecting microstructures.
  • the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure includes: two first microstructure arrays, a first dielectric layer, and a second dielectric layer; three second microstructure arrays and two third dielectric layers;
  • One of the two first microstructure arrays, the second dielectric layer, the other of the two first microstructure arrays, the first dielectric layer, the first of the three second microstructure arrays, two One of the third dielectric layer, the second of the three second microstructure arrays, the other of the two third dielectric layers, and the third of the three second microstructure arrays are sequentially stacked together .
  • the multiple wave-transmitting and reflective microstructures are respectively arranged corresponding to the multiple wave-absorbing microstructures, and each wave-absorbing microstructure is used for performing electromagnetic waves in the first frequency band.
  • Each wave-transmitting and reflective microstructure is used to reflect incident electromagnetic waves in the second frequency band to the corresponding wave-absorbing microstructure and to perform high-wave transmission of incident electromagnetic waves in frequency bands outside the second frequency band.
  • each wave-absorbing microstructure includes at least one ring-shaped conductive structure, and each ring-shaped conductive structure has at least one power consuming element;
  • Each wave-transmitting and reflective microstructure includes a plurality of conductive geometric structures, and each conductive geometric structure does not have power consuming elements.
  • the power consumption element includes a resistor.
  • the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are the same.
  • each wave-absorbing microstructure includes a first ring-shaped conductive structure, a second ring-shaped conductive structure, at least one first resistor, and at least one second resistor.
  • the conductive structure is arranged inside the first ring-shaped conductive structure;
  • the first annular conductive structure is provided with at least one first opening, and the at least one first resistor is arranged in the at least one first opening and is electrically connected to the first annular conductive structure;
  • the second annular conductive structure is provided with at least one second opening, and the at least one second resistor is arranged in the at least one second opening and is electrically connected to the second annular conductive structure.
  • the first ring-shaped conductive structure and the second ring-shaped conductive structure are both circular or polygonal.
  • each wave-transmitting and reflective microstructure includes the same multiple conductive structures; the multiple conductive structures are connected end to end in turn to form an approximately polygonal structure; each conductive structure includes The first conductive line, the first convex curve segment, the second concave curve segment, the third convex curve segment, and the second conductive line, the first conductive line, the first convex curve segment, the second concave curve segment, The third convex curve segment and the second conductive line are connected together vertically end to end in sequence;
  • each of the first convex curve segment and the third convex curve segment is the same as the shape of the positive half-period square wave, and the shape of the second concave curve segment is the same as the negative half-period square wave. The same shape.
  • each wave-transmitting and reflective microstructure includes the same six conductive geometric structures; the six conductive geometric structures are connected end to end in turn to form an approximately regular hexagonal structure;
  • a conductive geometric structure includes a first conductive line, a first convex curve segment, a second concave curve segment, a third convex curve segment, and a second conductive line.
  • the first conductive line, the first convex curve segment, and the second conductive line are connected together vertically end to end in sequence; the shape of each of the first convex curve segment and the third convex curve segment is equal to the positive half
  • the shape of the periodic square wave is the same, and the shape of the second concave curve segment is the same as the shape of the negative half-period square wave;
  • the three conductive geometric structures connected end to end in sequence and the other three conductive geometric structures connected end to end in sequence are axisymmetric; or
  • Each wave-transmitting and reflective microstructure includes the same four conductive geometric structures; the four conductive geometric structures are connected end to end to form an approximately square structure; each conductive geometric structure includes a first conductive line and a first convex curve segment , The second concave curve section, the third convex curve section and the second conductive wire, the first conductive wire, the first convex curve section, the second concave curve section, the third convex curve section and the second conductive wire.
  • the first and the third convex curve segments are connected together vertically in turn; the shape of each of the first convex curve segment and the third convex curve segment is the same as the shape of the positive half-period square wave, and the second concave curve segment The shape is the same as that of a negative half-period square wave;
  • the two conductive geometric structures connected end to end in turn and the other two conductive geometric structures connected end to end in turn are axially symmetrical.
  • the first frequency band is the X and Ku bands, and the frequency band outside the second frequency band is the P band; or
  • the first frequency band is the X band
  • the frequency band outside the second frequency band is the P band.
  • an aircraft including the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure as described above.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides the above-mentioned wave-absorbing metamaterial structure and aircraft, which can achieve high absorbing performance for incident electromagnetic waves in X-band and Ku-band or X-band, and high transmission performance for incident electromagnetic waves in P-band .
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wave-absorbing metamaterial according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the absorbing microstructure in the first microstructure array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the wave-transmitting and reflecting microstructure of the first of the three second microstructure arrays in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the wave-transmitting and reflecting microstructure of the second one of the three second microstructure arrays in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the wave-transmitting and reflecting microstructure of the third one of the three second microstructure arrays in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a simulation of a vertical polarization transmission curve of the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure shown in Fig. 1.
  • FIG. 7 is a simulation schematic diagram of the vertical polarization absorption curve of the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the parallel polarization transmission curve simulation of the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the parallel polarization absorption curve simulation of the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure shown in FIG. 1.
  • the present invention proposes a wide-band and wide-angle domain polarization-independent wave-absorbing metamaterial structure, which can effectively reduce single-site and dual (multiple)-site RCS.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wave-absorbing metamaterial structure 100 in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the absorbing microstructure in the first microstructure array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the wave-transmitting and reflecting microstructure of the first of the three second microstructure arrays in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • 4 is a schematic diagram of the wave-transmitting and reflecting microstructure of the second one of the three second microstructure arrays in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the wave-transmitting and reflecting microstructure of the third one of the three second microstructure arrays in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure 100 includes at least one first microstructure array 10, a first dielectric layer 20 and at least one second microstructure array 40.
  • the at least one first microstructure array 10, the first dielectric layer 20, and the at least one second microstructure array 40 are sequentially stacked together; each first microstructure array 10 includes a plurality of absorbing microstructures 12 (as shown in FIG. 2 As shown), each second microstructure array 40 includes a plurality of wave-transmitting and reflective microstructures 42 (as shown in FIG. 3).
  • the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure 100 includes two first microstructure arrays 10, a first dielectric layer 20, a second dielectric layer 30, and three second Two microstructure arrays 40 and two third dielectric layers 50.
  • the third one in the stack is stacked together.
  • the first dielectric layer 20, the second dielectric layer 30 and the third dielectric layer 50 are all the same.
  • the plurality of wave-transmitting and reflective microstructures 42 are respectively arranged corresponding to the plurality of wave-absorbing microstructures 12, and each wave-absorbing microstructure 12 is used for highly absorbing incident electromagnetic waves in the first frequency band.
  • the first frequency band is X and Ku band.
  • Each wave-transmitting reflective microstructure 42 is used to reflect incident electromagnetic waves in the second frequency band to the corresponding wave-absorbing microstructure 12 and to perform high-wave transmission of incident electromagnetic waves in frequency bands outside the second frequency band.
  • the frequency band outside the second frequency band is the P band.
  • the radome can always achieve a transmission rate higher than 70% (-1.55dB) in the working frequency band, which can reduce the working distance of the antenna by 50% in the working frequency band (according to the formula, the working distance is proportional to the square of the transmission rate) It can be used normally, and we can consider it as a high-transmitting radome.
  • the reflectance drops below -15dB (3.2%), and the absorption rate is higher than 95%.
  • the absorption rate is higher than 95%.
  • its own reflectivity is 20% (-7dB)
  • its reflection drops to 10% (-10dB) after increasing absorption.
  • the absorption rate is only 3dBm and the absolute absorption rate is 10%, this reflection
  • the reduction in the rate has brought a significant improvement to RCS, and we can also consider this to be a high absorption to a certain extent.
  • the transmission rate is higher than -1dB (70%-80%) as high transmission, and the absorption rate is higher than 70%-80% is high absorption .
  • each wave-absorbing microstructure 12 includes at least one ring-shaped conductive structure, and each ring-shaped conductive structure has at least one power consumption element 120.
  • the power consumption element 120 is used for high absorption of incident electromagnetic waves in the first frequency band by means of power consumption.
  • the power consumption element 120 is a resistor.
  • Each wave-transmitting and reflective microstructure 42 includes a plurality of conductive geometric structures, and each conductive geometric structure does not have power consuming elements.
  • each wave-absorbing microstructure 12 includes a first ring-shaped conductive structure 120, a second ring-shaped conductive structure 140, at least one first resistor 122, and at least one second resistor 142, and the second ring-shaped conductive structure 140 is disposed at The inside of the first annular conductive structure 120.
  • the first annular conductive structure 120 is provided with at least one first opening, and the at least one first resistor 122 is disposed in the at least one first opening and is electrically connected to the first annular conductive structure 120.
  • the second ring-shaped conductive structure 140 is provided with at least one second opening, and the at least one second resistor 142 is disposed in the at least one second opening and is electrically connected to the second ring-shaped conductive structure 140.
  • the first ring-shaped conductive structure 120 and the second ring-shaped conductive structure 140 are both circular or polygonal.
  • Each wave-transmitting and reflective microstructure 42 includes the same plurality of conductive geometric structures 420; the plurality of conductive geometric structures 420 are connected end to end in turn to form an approximately polygonal structure; each conductive geometric structure 420 includes a first conductive line 422, a second conductive line A convex curve section 424, a second concave curve section 425, a third convex curve section 426 and a second conductive wire 428.
  • the first conductive wire 422, the first convex curved section 424, the second concave curved section 425, the third convex curved section 426, and the second conductive wire 428 are connected vertically end to end in sequence.
  • each of the first convex curve segment 424 and the third convex curve segment 426 is the same as the shape of the positive half-period square wave, and the shape of the second concave curve segment 425 is the same as the negative half-period.
  • the shape of the square wave is the same.
  • each wave-transmitting and reflective microstructure 42 includes the same six conductive geometric structures 420; the six conductive geometric structures 420 are connected end to end in turn to form an approximately regular hexagon structure; each The conductive geometric structure 420 includes a first conductive line, a first convex curve segment, a second concave curve segment, a third convex curve segment, and a second conductive line.
  • the two concave curve segments, the third convex curve segment, and the second conductive line are connected together vertically end to end in sequence; the shape of each of the first convex curve segment and the third convex curve segment is equal to the positive half
  • the shape of the periodic square wave is the same, and the shape of the second concave curve segment is the same as the shape of the negative half-period square wave.
  • the three conductive geometric structures 420 connected end to end in sequence and the other three conductive geometric structures 420 connected end to end in sequence are axially symmetrical.
  • the angle between every two adjacent conductive geometric structures 420 is 120 degrees.
  • each wave-transmitting and reflective microstructure includes the same four conductive geometric structures 420; the four conductive geometric structures 420 are connected end to end in turn to form an approximately square structure; each conductive geometry
  • the structure 420 includes a first conductive line, a first convex curve segment, a second concave curve segment, a third convex curve segment, and a second conductive line.
  • the first conductive line, the first convex curve segment, and the second concave The curve section, the third convex curve section and the second conductive line are connected together vertically end to end in turn; the shape of each of the first convex curve section and the third convex curve section is consistent with the positive half period
  • the shape of the square wave is the same, and the shape of the second concave curve segment is the same as the shape of the negative half-period square wave;
  • the two conductive geometric structures 420 connected end to end in turn and the other two conductive geometric structures 420 connected end to end in turn are axially symmetrical.
  • the angle between every two adjacent conductive geometric structures 420 is 90 degrees.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also discloses an aircraft, which is characterized in that: the aircraft includes the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure 100 as described above.
  • the present invention designs a wide-angle domain polarization-independent metamaterial structure with high transmission in the P band and high absorption in the X and Ku bands.
  • the present invention includes a wave-transmitting reflective layer (that is, a second microstructure array 40 including a plurality of wave-transmitting and reflective microstructures) and a wave-absorbing layer (that is, a first microstructure including a plurality of wave-absorbing microstructures). Structure array 10) Two parts.
  • the wave-transmitting and reflecting layer can adjust the equivalent capacitance and equivalent inductance of the wave-transmitting and reflecting microstructures by changing the line shape and metal duty ratio of each wave-transmitting and reflecting microstructure, thereby adjusting the electromagnetic response of the wave-transmitting and reflecting microstructure, and finally change The frequency band of transmission and reflection.
  • the metal duty cycle refers to the ratio of the metal area to the area of the dielectric layer.
  • the wave absorbing layer (that is, the first microstructure array 10 including a plurality of wave absorbing microstructures) can adjust the wave absorbing ability by adjusting the position and resistance of the loading resistors 122 and/or 142.
  • the thickness of the medium filled between the wave-transmitting reflective layer and the wave-absorbing layer (that is, the thickness of the first medium layer 20), the thickness of the second medium layer 30 inside the wave-transmitting reflective layer, and the third medium layer inside the wave-absorbing layer
  • the thickness of 50 can be adjusted to form the frequency of the standing wave to change the wave absorption frequency band.
  • the wave-transmitting and reflecting layer (that is, the second microstructure array 40 including a plurality of wave-transmitting and reflecting microstructures 42) is shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 or FIG. Structure 42) Composition.
  • the resistance of the resistor 122 or 142 is equal to 190-210 ⁇ .
  • the simulation results are shown in Figure 6 to Figure 9, and the statistical results of transmission and absorption are shown in the following table.
  • Incident angle (°) TE polarization 0-2G average transmission TM polarization 0-2G average transmission TE polarization 8-14G average absorption TM polarization 8-14G average absorption 0 0.8543 0.8539 0.9855 0.9853 10 0.8491 0.8547 0.9864 0.9848 20 0.8388 0.8628 0.9896 0.9830 30 0.8213 0.8774 0.9924 0.9770 40 0.7917 0.8971 0.9927 0.9636 50 0.7435 0.9214 0.9876 0.9385 60 0.6654 0.9487 0.9666 0.8816
  • the embodiment of the present invention has a higher transmission rate in the P band and good absorption performance in the X band.
  • the absorption range can be adjusted freely, which can cover the currently commonly used electromagnetic wave frequency bands.
  • this example only lists one unit of the structure, which does not mean that the present invention only includes one unit, and the specific number of units needs to be determined according to specific application scenarios.
  • the invention can be applied to the radome system to improve the electrical performance of the radome and improve the survivability of the aircraft.
  • the absorption frequency band of the present invention can be changed by adjusting parameters, and the function of absorbing waves in different frequency bands can be realized.
  • the most difficult part of the present invention is how to realize the combination of wide frequency bandwidth angular domain wave absorption and wave transmission.
  • the present invention uses a miniaturized periodic structure, which will cause a sharp rise in the metal duty cycle, and it becomes more obvious when the incident angle is larger. As a result of this phenomenon, the transmission rate will decrease.

Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention provide a wave-absorbing and wave-transmitting metamaterial structure and an aircraft. The wave-absorbing and wave-transmitting metamaterial structure comprises at least one first microstructure array, at least one second microstructure array, and a first dielectric layer. The at least one first microstructure array, the first dielectric layer, and the at least one second microstructure array are sequentially stacked; each first microstructure array comprises multiple wave-absorbing microstructures, and each second microstructure array comprises multiple wave-transmitting reflection microstructures. Therefore, the present invention can achieve high wave-absorbing performance for incident electromagnetic waves in X-band and Ku-band, or X-band, and can achieve high wave-transmitting performance for incident electromagnetic waves in P-band.

Description

一种吸透波超材料结构及飞行器Ultra-wave-absorbing metamaterial structure and aircraft 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及电磁波领域，尤其涉及一种吸透波超材料结构及飞行器。The invention relates to the field of electromagnetic waves, in particular to a wave-absorbing metamaterial structure and an aircraft.
背景技术Background technique
雷达是目前发现空中目标的最有效的手段之一，因此飞行器自身的雷达散射截面积（Radar Cross Section，RCS）是影响飞行器自身生存和突防能力的重要因素。现有飞行器大都采用隐身外形与隐身涂料或隐身外形与频率选择表面组合的天线罩来解决天线的RCS问题。但是，前者需要花费大量的时间和费用维护，后者在现在双（多）站雷达开始出现以后存在双（多）站RCS较大而被发现的情况。Radar is currently one of the most effective means to find air targets, so the radar cross-sectional area of the aircraft itself (Radar Cross Section, RCS) is an important factor affecting the survival and penetration capabilities of the aircraft itself. Most of the existing aircraft use a radome with a stealth shape and a stealth coating or a combination of a stealth shape and a frequency selection surface to solve the RCS problem of the antenna. However, the former requires a lot of time and cost to maintain, and the latter has been discovered after the dual (multiple) station radar began to appear with a relatively large RCS.
技术问题technical problem
目前，常见方案多采用正方形周期结构的多种功能层组合的方式实现吸透波一体化的功能。此种方案一般存在吸波带宽窄，可工作入射角小的缺陷。同时，此种方案周期结构尺寸一般较大，易出现栅瓣影响电性能。At present, common solutions mostly use a combination of multiple functional layers with a square periodic structure to achieve the integrated wave absorption function. This kind of scheme generally has the defects of narrow absorption bandwidth and small working incident angle. At the same time, the size of the periodic structure of this scheme is generally large, and grating lobes are prone to affect electrical performance.
技术解决方案Technical solutions
为了解决现有技术中存在的问题，根据本发明实施例的一个方面，提供了一种吸透波超材料结构，其包括：至少一个第一微结构阵列、至少一个第二微结构阵列、第一介质层；In order to solve the problems in the prior art, according to one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a wave-absorbing metamaterial structure is provided, which includes: at least one first microstructure array, at least one second microstructure array, and A dielectric layer;
所述至少一个第一微结构阵列、第一介质层和至少一个第二微结构阵列依次层叠在一起；每个第一微结构阵列包括多个吸波微结构，每个第二微结构阵列包括多个透波反射微结构。The at least one first microstructure array, the first dielectric layer, and the at least one second microstructure array are laminated together in sequence; each first microstructure array includes a plurality of absorbing microstructures, and each second microstructure array includes Multiple wave-transmitting and reflecting microstructures.
进一步地，所述吸透波超材料结构包括：两个第一微结构阵列、第一介质层、第二介质层；三个第二微结构阵列、两个第三介质层；Further, the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure includes: two first microstructure arrays, a first dielectric layer, and a second dielectric layer; three second microstructure arrays and two third dielectric layers;
两个第一微结构阵列中的一者、第二介质层、两个第一微结构阵列中的另一者、第一介质层、三个第二微结构阵列中的第一者、两个第三介质层中的一者、三个第二微结构阵列中的第二者、两个第三介质层中的另一者、三个第二微结构阵列中的第三者依次层叠在一起。One of the two first microstructure arrays, the second dielectric layer, the other of the two first microstructure arrays, the first dielectric layer, the first of the three second microstructure arrays, two One of the third dielectric layer, the second of the three second microstructure arrays, the other of the two third dielectric layers, and the third of the three second microstructure arrays are sequentially stacked together .
进一步地，在所述吸透波超材料结构中，所述多个透波反射微结构分别与多个吸波微结构对应设置，每个吸波微结构用于对第一频段的入射电磁波进行高吸波；Further, in the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure, the multiple wave-transmitting and reflective microstructures are respectively arranged corresponding to the multiple wave-absorbing microstructures, and each wave-absorbing microstructure is used for performing electromagnetic waves in the first frequency band. High absorption
每个透波反射微结构用于将第二频段的入射电磁波反射至对应的吸波微结构以及对第二频段之外的频段的入射电磁波进行高透波。Each wave-transmitting and reflective microstructure is used to reflect incident electromagnetic waves in the second frequency band to the corresponding wave-absorbing microstructure and to perform high-wave transmission of incident electromagnetic waves in frequency bands outside the second frequency band.
进一步地，在所述吸透波超材料结构中，每个吸波微结构包括至少一个环形导电结构，每个环形导电结构具有至少一个电能消耗元件；Further, in the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure, each wave-absorbing microstructure includes at least one ring-shaped conductive structure, and each ring-shaped conductive structure has at least one power consuming element;
每个透波反射微结构包括多个导电几何结构，每个导电几何结构不具有电能消耗元件。Each wave-transmitting and reflective microstructure includes a plurality of conductive geometric structures, and each conductive geometric structure does not have power consuming elements.
进一步地，在所述吸透波超材料结构中，所述电能消耗元件包括电阻。Further, in the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure, the power consumption element includes a resistor.
进一步地，在所述吸透波超材料结构中，所述第一介质层、第二介质层和第三介质层是相同的。Further, in the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure, the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are the same.
进一步地，在所述吸透波超材料结构中，每个吸波微结构包括第一环形导电结构、第二环形导电结构、至少一个第一电阻和至少一个第二电阻，所述第二环形导电结构设置于第一环形导电结构的内部；Further, in the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure, each wave-absorbing microstructure includes a first ring-shaped conductive structure, a second ring-shaped conductive structure, at least one first resistor, and at least one second resistor. The conductive structure is arranged inside the first ring-shaped conductive structure;
所述第一环形导电结构开设有至少一个第一开口，所述至少一个第一电阻设置于所述至少一个第一开口内并与第一环形导电结构电连接；The first annular conductive structure is provided with at least one first opening, and the at least one first resistor is arranged in the at least one first opening and is electrically connected to the first annular conductive structure;
所述第二环形导电结构开设有至少一个第二开口，所述至少一个第二电阻设置于所述至少一个第二开口内并与第二环形导电结构电连接。The second annular conductive structure is provided with at least one second opening, and the at least one second resistor is arranged in the at least one second opening and is electrically connected to the second annular conductive structure.
进一步地，在所述吸透波超材料结构中，所述第一环形导电结构和第二环形导电结构都为圆环状或多边形的环状。Further, in the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure, the first ring-shaped conductive structure and the second ring-shaped conductive structure are both circular or polygonal.
进一步地，在所述吸透波超材料结构中，每个透波反射微结构包括相同的多个导电结构；多个导电结构依次首尾连接在一起以构成近似多边形的结构；每个导电结构包括第一导电线、第一凸起曲线段、第二凹陷曲线段、第三凸起曲线段和第二导电线，所述第一导电线、第一凸起曲线段、第二凹陷曲线段、第三凸起曲线段和第二导电线依次垂直的首尾连接在一起；Further, in the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure, each wave-transmitting and reflective microstructure includes the same multiple conductive structures; the multiple conductive structures are connected end to end in turn to form an approximately polygonal structure; each conductive structure includes The first conductive line, the first convex curve segment, the second concave curve segment, the third convex curve segment, and the second conductive line, the first conductive line, the first convex curve segment, the second concave curve segment, The third convex curve segment and the second conductive line are connected together vertically end to end in sequence;
所述第一凸起曲线段和第三凸起曲线段中的每一者的形状都与正半周期的方波的形状相同，所述第二凹陷曲线段的形状与负半周期的方波的形状相同。The shape of each of the first convex curve segment and the third convex curve segment is the same as the shape of the positive half-period square wave, and the shape of the second concave curve segment is the same as the negative half-period square wave. The same shape.
进一步地，在所述吸透波超材料结构中，每个透波反射微结构包括相同的六个导电几何结构；六个导电几何结构依次首尾连接在一起以构成近似正六边形的结构；每个导电几何结构包括第一导电线、第一凸起曲线段、第二凹陷曲线段、第三凸起曲线段和第二导电线，所述第一导电线、第一凸起曲线段、第二凹陷曲线段、第三凸起曲线段和第二导电线依次垂直的首尾连接在一起；所述第一凸起曲线段和第三凸起曲线段中的每一者的形状都与正半周期的方波的形状相同，所述第二凹陷曲线段的形状与负半周期的方波的形状相同；Further, in the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure, each wave-transmitting and reflective microstructure includes the same six conductive geometric structures; the six conductive geometric structures are connected end to end in turn to form an approximately regular hexagonal structure; A conductive geometric structure includes a first conductive line, a first convex curve segment, a second concave curve segment, a third convex curve segment, and a second conductive line. The first conductive line, the first convex curve segment, and the second conductive line The two concave curve segments, the third convex curve segment, and the second conductive line are connected together vertically end to end in sequence; the shape of each of the first convex curve segment and the third convex curve segment is equal to the positive half The shape of the periodic square wave is the same, and the shape of the second concave curve segment is the same as the shape of the negative half-period square wave;
在所述六个导电几何结构中，依次首尾连接在一起的三个导电几何结构和依次首尾连接在一起的另外三个导电几何结构呈轴对称；或者Among the six conductive geometric structures, the three conductive geometric structures connected end to end in sequence and the other three conductive geometric structures connected end to end in sequence are axisymmetric; or
每个透波反射微结构包括相同的四个导电几何结构；四个导电几何结构依次首尾连接在一起以构成近似方形的结构；每个导电几何结构包括第一导电线、第一凸起曲线段、第二凹陷曲线段、第三凸起曲线段和第二导电线，所述第一导电线、第一凸起曲线段、第二凹陷曲线段、第三凸起曲线段和第二导电线依次垂直的首尾连接在一起；所述第一凸起曲线段和第三凸起曲线段中的每一者的形状都与正半周期的方波的形状相同，所述第二凹陷曲线段的形状与负半周期的方波的形状相同；Each wave-transmitting and reflective microstructure includes the same four conductive geometric structures; the four conductive geometric structures are connected end to end to form an approximately square structure; each conductive geometric structure includes a first conductive line and a first convex curve segment , The second concave curve section, the third convex curve section and the second conductive wire, the first conductive wire, the first convex curve section, the second concave curve section, the third convex curve section and the second conductive wire The first and the third convex curve segments are connected together vertically in turn; the shape of each of the first convex curve segment and the third convex curve segment is the same as the shape of the positive half-period square wave, and the second concave curve segment The shape is the same as that of a negative half-period square wave;
在所述四个导电几何结构中，依次首尾连接在一起的两个导电几何结构和依次首尾连接在一起的另外两个导电几何结构呈轴对称。Among the four conductive geometric structures, the two conductive geometric structures connected end to end in turn and the other two conductive geometric structures connected end to end in turn are axially symmetrical.
进一步地，在所述吸透波超材料结构中，所述第一频段为X和Ku波段，所述第二频段之外的频段为P波段；或者Further, in the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure, the first frequency band is the X and Ku bands, and the frequency band outside the second frequency band is the P band; or
所述第一频段为X波段，所述第二频段之外的频段为P波段。The first frequency band is the X band, and the frequency band outside the second frequency band is the P band.
根据本发明实施例的另一个方面，提供了一种飞行器，所述飞行器包括如上面描述的所述吸透波超材料结构。According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided an aircraft including the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure as described above.
有益效果Beneficial effect
本发明实施例提供了上述吸透波超材料结构和飞行器，可实现在X波段和Ku波段或者X波段对入射电磁波具有高吸波性能，以及可实现在P波段对入射电磁波具有高透波性能。The embodiment of the present invention provides the above-mentioned wave-absorbing metamaterial structure and aircraft, which can achieve high absorbing performance for incident electromagnetic waves in X-band and Ku-band or X-band, and high transmission performance for incident electromagnetic waves in P-band .
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1是本发明实施例之吸透波超材料结构的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wave-absorbing metamaterial according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图2是本发明实施例之第一微结构阵列中的吸波微结构的结构示意图。2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the absorbing microstructure in the first microstructure array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
图3是本发明实施例三个第二微结构阵列中的第一者之透波反射微结构的示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the wave-transmitting and reflecting microstructure of the first of the three second microstructure arrays in the embodiment of the present invention.
图4是本发明实施例三个第二微结构阵列中的第二者之透波反射微结构的示意图。4 is a schematic diagram of the wave-transmitting and reflecting microstructure of the second one of the three second microstructure arrays in the embodiment of the present invention.
图5是本发明实施例三个第二微结构阵列中的第三者之透波反射微结构的示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the wave-transmitting and reflecting microstructure of the third one of the three second microstructure arrays in the embodiment of the present invention.
图6是图1所示吸透波超材料结构的垂直极化透射曲线仿真示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a simulation of a vertical polarization transmission curve of the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure shown in Fig. 1.
图7是图1所示吸透波超材料结构的垂直极化吸收曲线仿真示意图。FIG. 7 is a simulation schematic diagram of the vertical polarization absorption curve of the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure shown in FIG. 1.
图8是图1所示吸透波超材料结构的平行极化透射曲线仿真示意图。FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the parallel polarization transmission curve simulation of the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure shown in FIG. 1.
图9是图1所示吸透波超材料结构的平行极化吸收曲线仿真示意图。9 is a schematic diagram of the parallel polarization absorption curve simulation of the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure shown in FIG. 1.
本发明的实施方式Embodiments of the invention
因此，为了解决背景技术中的问题，本发明提出了一种宽频宽角域极化无关的吸透波超材料结构，可以有效降低单站和双（多）站RCS。下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。Therefore, in order to solve the problems in the background art, the present invention proposes a wide-band and wide-angle domain polarization-independent wave-absorbing metamaterial structure, which can effectively reduce single-site and dual (multiple)-site RCS. The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
图1是本发明实施例中的吸透波超材料结构100的结构示意图。图2是本发明实施例之第一微结构阵列中的吸波微结构的结构示意图。图3是本发明实施例三个第二微结构阵列中的第一者之透波反射微结构的示意图。图4是本发明实施例三个第二微结构阵列中的第二者之透波反射微结构的示意图。图5是本发明实施例三个第二微结构阵列中的第三者之透波反射微结构的示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wave-absorbing metamaterial structure 100 in an embodiment of the present invention. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the absorbing microstructure in the first microstructure array according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the wave-transmitting and reflecting microstructure of the first of the three second microstructure arrays in the embodiment of the present invention. 4 is a schematic diagram of the wave-transmitting and reflecting microstructure of the second one of the three second microstructure arrays in the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the wave-transmitting and reflecting microstructure of the third one of the three second microstructure arrays in the embodiment of the present invention.
请同时参阅图1，吸透波超材料结构100包括至少一个第一微结构阵列10、第一介质层20和至少一个第二微结构阵列40。所述至少一个第一微结构阵列10、第一介质层20和至少一个第二微结构阵列40依次层叠在一起；每个第一微结构阵列10包括多个吸波微结构12（如图2所示），每个第二微结构阵列40包括多个透波反射微结构42（如图3所示）。Please also refer to FIG. 1, the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure 100 includes at least one first microstructure array 10, a first dielectric layer 20 and at least one second microstructure array 40. The at least one first microstructure array 10, the first dielectric layer 20, and the at least one second microstructure array 40 are sequentially stacked together; each first microstructure array 10 includes a plurality of absorbing microstructures 12 (as shown in FIG. 2 As shown), each second microstructure array 40 includes a plurality of wave-transmitting and reflective microstructures 42 (as shown in FIG. 3).
具体地，请同时参阅图2、图3、图4及图5，吸透波超材料结构100包括两个第一微结构阵列10、第一介质层20、第二介质层30、三个第二微结构阵列40和两个第三介质层50。Specifically, referring to FIGS. 2, 3, 4, and 5 at the same time, the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure 100 includes two first microstructure arrays 10, a first dielectric layer 20, a second dielectric layer 30, and three second Two microstructure arrays 40 and two third dielectric layers 50.
两个第一微结构阵列10中的一者、第二介质层30、两个第一微结构阵列10中的另一者、第一介质层20、三个第二微结构阵列40中的第一者、两个第三介质层50中的一者、三个第二微结构阵列40中的第二者、两个第三介质层50中的另一者、三个第二微结构阵列40中的第三者依次层叠在一起。One of the two first microstructure arrays 10, the second dielectric layer 30, the other of the two first microstructure arrays 10, the first dielectric layer 20, the first of the three second microstructure arrays 40 One, one of the two third dielectric layers 50, the second of the three second microstructure arrays 40, the other of the two third dielectric layers 50, and the three second microstructure arrays 40 The third one in the stack is stacked together.
在本实施例中，所述第一介质层20、第二介质层30和第三介质层50都是相同的。In this embodiment, the first dielectric layer 20, the second dielectric layer 30 and the third dielectric layer 50 are all the same.
所述多个透波反射微结构42分别与多个吸波微结构12对应设置，每个吸波微结构12用于对第一频段的入射电磁波进行高吸波。在本发明实施例中，所述第一频段为X和Ku波段。The plurality of wave-transmitting and reflective microstructures 42 are respectively arranged corresponding to the plurality of wave-absorbing microstructures 12, and each wave-absorbing microstructure 12 is used for highly absorbing incident electromagnetic waves in the first frequency band. In the embodiment of the present invention, the first frequency band is X and Ku band.
每个透波反射微结构42用于将第二频段的入射电磁波反射至对应的吸波微结构12以及对第二频段之外的频段的入射电磁波进行高透波。在本发明实施例中，所述第二频段之外的频段为P波段。Each wave-transmitting reflective microstructure 42 is used to reflect incident electromagnetic waves in the second frequency band to the corresponding wave-absorbing microstructure 12 and to perform high-wave transmission of incident electromagnetic waves in frequency bands outside the second frequency band. In the embodiment of the present invention, the frequency band outside the second frequency band is the P band.
在此需要说明的是，关于高透波和高吸波的定义，目前在科研和工程上对于高透波和高吸波没有定量的定义，这两个概念也确实难以在数值上进行定义。目前常见的解释是高透波和高吸波的这个高水平都是相对的定义，需要有一个参考标准。这个参考标准因为实际科研和工程中需要解决的问题的不同而不同。例如纯介质天线罩在频域内的透波曲线呈波浪形震荡，某些情况下其透波率会在10%（-10dB）到接近100%（0dB）之间波动，而加载超材料后的天线罩可以做到工作频段内透波率始终高于70%（-1.55dB），可以使得天线在工作频段内工作距离下降50%的情况（依据公式其工作距离与透波率平方成正比）下可以正常使用，我们可以认为这是高透波天线罩。也有部分民用领域的例子追求尽可能高的透波率而将透波率高于80%（-1dB）甚至高于90%（-0.46dB）认为是高透波。高吸波同理，以本专利为例子，在X波段，水平极化下透波率接近-30dB，在没有吸收的情况下其反射达到了99.9%。在增加吸波结构之后，反射率下降到-15dB（3.2%）以下，吸收率高于95%，我们可以认为他是高吸收。而在其他情况下，例如本身反射率为20%（-7dB），在增加吸收后其反射降至10%（-10dB），尽管吸收率仅有3dBm，绝对吸收率10%，但这一反射率降低为RCS带来了明显的改善，我们在一定程度上也可认为这是高吸收。It should be noted here that with regard to the definition of high transmission and high absorption, there is currently no quantitative definition of high transmission and high absorption in scientific research and engineering, and these two concepts are indeed difficult to define numerically. The current common explanation is that the high levels of high transmission and high absorption are relative definitions, and a reference standard is required. This reference standard is different because of the different problems that need to be solved in actual scientific research and engineering. For example, the transmission curve of a pure dielectric radome in the frequency domain oscillates in a wave shape. In some cases, its transmission rate will fluctuate between 10% (-10dB) and close to 100% (0dB). The radome can always achieve a transmission rate higher than 70% (-1.55dB) in the working frequency band, which can reduce the working distance of the antenna by 50% in the working frequency band (according to the formula, the working distance is proportional to the square of the transmission rate) It can be used normally, and we can consider it as a high-transmitting radome. There are also some examples in the civilian field that pursue the highest possible transmission rate and regard the transmission rate higher than 80% (-1dB) or even higher than 90% (-0.46dB) as high transmission. The same is true for high absorption. Taking this patent as an example, in the X-band, the transmission rate is close to -30dB under horizontal polarization, and its reflection reaches 99.9% without absorption. After adding the absorbing structure, the reflectance drops below -15dB (3.2%), and the absorption rate is higher than 95%. We can consider it to be high absorption. In other cases, for example, its own reflectivity is 20% (-7dB), and its reflection drops to 10% (-10dB) after increasing absorption. Although the absorption rate is only 3dBm and the absolute absorption rate is 10%, this reflection The reduction in the rate has brought a significant improvement to RCS, and we can also consider this to be a high absorption to a certain extent.
当然，普遍意义且在没有其他限制条件的情况下，一般还是会认为透波率高于-1dB（70%-80%）为高透波，而吸收率高于70%-80%为高吸收。Of course, in the general sense and without other restrictions, it is generally considered that the transmission rate is higher than -1dB (70%-80%) as high transmission, and the absorption rate is higher than 70%-80% is high absorption .
具体地，每个吸波微结构12包括至少一个环形导电结构，每个环形导电结构具有至少一个电能消耗元件120。所述电能消耗元件120用于以电能消耗的方式对第一频段的入射电磁波进行高吸波。在一个非限定的实施例中，电能消耗元件120为电阻。Specifically, each wave-absorbing microstructure 12 includes at least one ring-shaped conductive structure, and each ring-shaped conductive structure has at least one power consumption element 120. The power consumption element 120 is used for high absorption of incident electromagnetic waves in the first frequency band by means of power consumption. In a non-limiting embodiment, the power consumption element 120 is a resistor.
每个透波反射微结构42包括多个导电几何结构，每个导电几何结构不具有电能消耗元件。Each wave-transmitting and reflective microstructure 42 includes a plurality of conductive geometric structures, and each conductive geometric structure does not have power consuming elements.
更加具体地，每个吸波微结构12包括第一环形导电结构120、第二环形导电结构140、至少一个第一电阻122和至少一个第二电阻142，所述第二环形导电结构140设置于第一环形导电结构120的内部。More specifically, each wave-absorbing microstructure 12 includes a first ring-shaped conductive structure 120, a second ring-shaped conductive structure 140, at least one first resistor 122, and at least one second resistor 142, and the second ring-shaped conductive structure 140 is disposed at The inside of the first annular conductive structure 120.
第一环形导电结构120开设有至少一个第一开口，所述至少一个第一电阻122设置于所述至少一个第一开口内并与第一环形导电结构120电连接。The first annular conductive structure 120 is provided with at least one first opening, and the at least one first resistor 122 is disposed in the at least one first opening and is electrically connected to the first annular conductive structure 120.
第二环形导电结构140开设有至少一个第二开口，所述至少一个第二电阻142设置于所述至少一个第二开口内并与第二环形导电结构140电连接。The second ring-shaped conductive structure 140 is provided with at least one second opening, and the at least one second resistor 142 is disposed in the at least one second opening and is electrically connected to the second ring-shaped conductive structure 140.
在本发明实施例中，第一环形导电结构120和第二环形导电结构140都为圆环状或多边形的环状。In the embodiment of the present invention, the first ring-shaped conductive structure 120 and the second ring-shaped conductive structure 140 are both circular or polygonal.
每个透波反射微结构42包括相同的多个导电几何结构420；多个导电几何结构420依次首尾连接在一起以构成近似多边形的结构；每个导电几何结构420包括第一导电线422、第一凸起曲线段424、第二凹陷曲线段425、第三凸起曲线段426和第二导电线428。所述第一导电线422、第一凸起曲线段424、第二凹陷曲线段425、第三凸起曲线段426和第二导电线428依次垂直的首尾连接在一起。Each wave-transmitting and reflective microstructure 42 includes the same plurality of conductive geometric structures 420; the plurality of conductive geometric structures 420 are connected end to end in turn to form an approximately polygonal structure; each conductive geometric structure 420 includes a first conductive line 422, a second conductive line A convex curve section 424, a second concave curve section 425, a third convex curve section 426 and a second conductive wire 428. The first conductive wire 422, the first convex curved section 424, the second concave curved section 425, the third convex curved section 426, and the second conductive wire 428 are connected vertically end to end in sequence.
所述第一凸起曲线段424和第三凸起曲线段426中的每一者的形状都与正半周期的方波的形状相同，所述第二凹陷曲线段425的形状与负半周期的方波的形状相同。The shape of each of the first convex curve segment 424 and the third convex curve segment 426 is the same as the shape of the positive half-period square wave, and the shape of the second concave curve segment 425 is the same as the negative half-period. The shape of the square wave is the same.
在一个非限定的具体实施例中，每个透波反射微结构42包括相同的六个导电几何结构420；六个导电几何结构420依次首尾连接在一起以构成近似正六边形的结构；每个导电几何结构420包括第一导电线、第一凸起曲线段、第二凹陷曲线段、第三凸起曲线段和第二导电线，所述第一导电线、第一凸起曲线段、第二凹陷曲线段、第三凸起曲线段和第二导电线依次垂直的首尾连接在一起；所述第一凸起曲线段和第三凸起曲线段中的每一者的形状都与正半周期的方波的形状相同，所述第二凹陷曲线段的形状与负半周期的方波的形状相同。In a non-limiting specific embodiment, each wave-transmitting and reflective microstructure 42 includes the same six conductive geometric structures 420; the six conductive geometric structures 420 are connected end to end in turn to form an approximately regular hexagon structure; each The conductive geometric structure 420 includes a first conductive line, a first convex curve segment, a second concave curve segment, a third convex curve segment, and a second conductive line. The two concave curve segments, the third convex curve segment, and the second conductive line are connected together vertically end to end in sequence; the shape of each of the first convex curve segment and the third convex curve segment is equal to the positive half The shape of the periodic square wave is the same, and the shape of the second concave curve segment is the same as the shape of the negative half-period square wave.
在所述六个导电几何结构420中，依次首尾连接在一起的三个导电几何结构420和依次首尾连接在一起的另外三个导电几何结构420呈轴对称。Among the six conductive geometric structures 420, the three conductive geometric structures 420 connected end to end in sequence and the other three conductive geometric structures 420 connected end to end in sequence are axially symmetrical.
在本实施例中，具体的，在六个导电几何结构420中，每两个相邻的导电几何结构420之间的夹角为120度。In this embodiment, specifically, among the six conductive geometric structures 420, the angle between every two adjacent conductive geometric structures 420 is 120 degrees.
在另一个非限定的具体实施例中，每个透波反射微结构包括相同的四个导电几何结构420；四个导电几何结构420依次首尾连接在一起以构成近似方形的结构；每个导电几何结构420包括第一导电线、第一凸起曲线段、第二凹陷曲线段、第三凸起曲线段和第二导电线，所述第一导电线、第一凸起曲线段、第二凹陷曲线段、第三凸起曲线段和第二导电线依次垂直的首尾连接在一起；所述第一凸起曲线段和第三凸起曲线段中的每一者的形状都与正半周期的方波的形状相同，所述第二凹陷曲线段的形状与负半周期的方波的形状相同；In another non-limiting specific embodiment, each wave-transmitting and reflective microstructure includes the same four conductive geometric structures 420; the four conductive geometric structures 420 are connected end to end in turn to form an approximately square structure; each conductive geometry The structure 420 includes a first conductive line, a first convex curve segment, a second concave curve segment, a third convex curve segment, and a second conductive line. The first conductive line, the first convex curve segment, and the second concave The curve section, the third convex curve section and the second conductive line are connected together vertically end to end in turn; the shape of each of the first convex curve section and the third convex curve section is consistent with the positive half period The shape of the square wave is the same, and the shape of the second concave curve segment is the same as the shape of the negative half-period square wave;
在所述四个导电几何结构420中，依次首尾连接在一起的两个导电几何结构420和依次首尾连接在一起的另外两个导电几何结构420呈轴对称。Among the four conductive geometric structures 420, the two conductive geometric structures 420 connected end to end in turn and the other two conductive geometric structures 420 connected end to end in turn are axially symmetrical.
在本实施例中，具体的，在四个导电几何结构420中，每两个相邻的导电几何结构420之间的夹角为90度。In this embodiment, specifically, among the four conductive geometric structures 420, the angle between every two adjacent conductive geometric structures 420 is 90 degrees.
本发明实施例还公开了一种飞行器，其特征在于：所述飞行器包括如上面描述的所述吸透波超材料结构100。The embodiment of the present invention also discloses an aircraft, which is characterized in that: the aircraft includes the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure 100 as described above.
本发明设计了一种在P波段高透波，X和Ku波段高吸波的宽角域极化无关的超材料结构。如图1所示，本发明包含透波反射层（也即包括多个透波反射微结构的第二微结构阵列40）和吸波层（也即包括多个吸波微结构的第一微结构阵列10）两部分。透波反射层可以通过改变各个透波反射微结构的线形、金属占空比等参数调整透波反射微结构的等效电容与等效电感，从而调整透波反射微结构的电磁响应，最终改变透波与反射的频段。其中，金属占空比是指金属面积与介质层面积的比值。The present invention designs a wide-angle domain polarization-independent metamaterial structure with high transmission in the P band and high absorption in the X and Ku bands. As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention includes a wave-transmitting reflective layer (that is, a second microstructure array 40 including a plurality of wave-transmitting and reflective microstructures) and a wave-absorbing layer (that is, a first microstructure including a plurality of wave-absorbing microstructures). Structure array 10) Two parts. The wave-transmitting and reflecting layer can adjust the equivalent capacitance and equivalent inductance of the wave-transmitting and reflecting microstructures by changing the line shape and metal duty ratio of each wave-transmitting and reflecting microstructure, thereby adjusting the electromagnetic response of the wave-transmitting and reflecting microstructure, and finally change The frequency band of transmission and reflection. Among them, the metal duty cycle refers to the ratio of the metal area to the area of the dielectric layer.
吸波层（也即包括多个吸波微结构的第一微结构阵列10）可以通过调节加载电阻122和/或142的位置和阻值调节吸波能力。而透波反射层和吸波层之间填充的介质厚度（也即第一介质层20的厚度），透波反射层内部的第二介质层30的厚度以及吸波层内部的第三介质层50的厚度可以调节形成驻波的频率从而改变吸波频段。The wave absorbing layer (that is, the first microstructure array 10 including a plurality of wave absorbing microstructures) can adjust the wave absorbing ability by adjusting the position and resistance of the loading resistors 122 and/or 142. The thickness of the medium filled between the wave-transmitting reflective layer and the wave-absorbing layer (that is, the thickness of the first medium layer 20), the thickness of the second medium layer 30 inside the wave-transmitting reflective layer, and the third medium layer inside the wave-absorbing layer The thickness of 50 can be adjusted to form the frequency of the standing wave to change the wave absorption frequency band.
透波反射层（也即包括多个透波反射微结构42的第二微结构阵列40）如图3或图4或图5所示，由3层周期结构（也即三层透波反射微结构42）组成。3层周期结构（也即三层透波反射微结构42）如图3至图5所示，其中h1=0.42-0.44mm，h2=0.47-0.49mm,d1=0.54-0.56mm，d2=1-1.2mm；h3=0.38-0.40mm，h4=0.43-0.45mm，d3=0.49-0.51mm，d4=0.9-1.1mm；h5=0.30-0.32mm，h6=0.35-0.37mm，d5=0.39-0.41mm，d6=0.7-0.9mm，dw=0.03-0.05mm。吸波层（也即包括多个吸波微结构12的第一微结构阵列10）与透波反射层相似，包含2层周期结构（也即两层吸波微结构12），如图2所示，其中d7=1.21-1.23mm，d8=2.78-2.80mm，w1=0.4-0.6mm，w2=0.3-0.5mm。电阻122或142的阻值等于190-210Ω。填充在各层之间的低介电常数介质材料厚度如图7所示，其中，h7=4.9-5.1mm，h8=2.9-3.1mm。仿真结果如图6至图9所示，透波及吸波统计结果如下表所示。The wave-transmitting and reflecting layer (that is, the second microstructure array 40 including a plurality of wave-transmitting and reflecting microstructures 42) is shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 or FIG. Structure 42) Composition. The three-layer periodic structure (that is, the three-layer wave-transmitting and reflective microstructure 42) is shown in Figure 3 to Figure 5, where h1=0.42-0.44mm, h2=0.47-0.49mm, d1=0.54-0.56mm, d2=1 -1.2mm; h3=0.38-0.40mm, h4=0.43-0.45mm, d3=0.49-0.51mm, d4=0.9-1.1mm; h5=0.30-0.32mm, h6=0.35-0.37mm, d5=0.39- 0.41mm, d6=0.7-0.9mm, dw=0.03-0.05mm. The absorbing layer (that is, the first microstructure array 10 including a plurality of absorbing microstructures 12) is similar to the wave-transmitting and reflecting layer, and includes two layers of periodic structures (that is, two layers of absorbing microstructures 12), as shown in FIG. 2 As shown, where d7=1.21-1.23mm, d8=2.78-2.80mm, w1=0.4-0.6mm, w2=0.3-0.5mm. The resistance of the resistor 122 or 142 is equal to 190-210Ω. The thickness of the low dielectric constant dielectric material filled between the layers is shown in Figure 7, where h7=4.9-5.1mm and h8=2.9-3.1mm. The simulation results are shown in Figure 6 to Figure 9, and the statistical results of transmission and absorption are shown in the following table.
入射角（°）Incident angle (°) TE极化0-2G平均透波TE polarization 0-2G average transmission TM极化0-2G平均透波TM polarization 0-2G average transmission TE极化8-14G平均吸波TE polarization 8-14G average absorption TM极化8-14G平均吸波TM polarization 8-14G average absorption
00 0.85430.8543 0.85390.8539 0.98550.9855 0.98530.9853
1010 0.84910.8491 0.85470.8547 0.98640.9864 0.98480.9848
2020 0.83880.8388 0.86280.8628 0.98960.9896 0.98300.9830
3030 0.82130.8213 0.87740.8774 0.99240.9924 0.97700.9770
4040 0.79170.7917 0.89710.8971 0.99270.9927 0.96360.9636
5050 0.74350.7435 0.92140.9214 0.98760.9876 0.93850.9385
6060 0.66540.6654 0.94870.9487 0.96660.9666 0.88160.8816
由结果可见本发明实施例中在P波段有较高的透波率而在X波段有良好的吸波性能，这仅是本发明的一个例子不代表本发明仅能在此参数下使用。通过调节各参数，可以自由的调节吸收范围，这一范围可以涵盖目前常用的电磁波频段。且此例仅列举了结构的一个单元，不代表本发明仅包含一个单元，具体单元数需根据具体应用场景决定。It can be seen from the results that the embodiment of the present invention has a higher transmission rate in the P band and good absorption performance in the X band. This is only an example of the present invention and does not mean that the present invention can only be used under this parameter. By adjusting various parameters, the absorption range can be adjusted freely, which can cover the currently commonly used electromagnetic wave frequency bands. Moreover, this example only lists one unit of the structure, which does not mean that the present invention only includes one unit, and the specific number of units needs to be determined according to specific application scenarios.
本发明可应用于天线罩***，提高天线罩电性能，改善飞行器生存能力。The invention can be applied to the radome system to improve the electrical performance of the radome and improve the survivability of the aircraft.
本发明的吸收频带可以通过调节参数而改变，可以实现在不同频带吸波的功能。The absorption frequency band of the present invention can be changed by adjusting parameters, and the function of absorbing waves in different frequency bands can be realized.
本发明最难的部分是如何实现宽频带宽角域吸波与透波的结合。为了实现宽频带宽角域的吸波功能，同时避免栅瓣的出现，本发明使用了小型化的周期结构，这会导致金属占空比的急剧上升，且在越大入射角时越发明显。这一现象的结果会导致透波率的下降。The most difficult part of the present invention is how to realize the combination of wide frequency bandwidth angular domain wave absorption and wave transmission. In order to realize the wave absorbing function in the wide frequency bandwidth and angular domain, while avoiding the appearance of grating lobes, the present invention uses a miniaturized periodic structure, which will cause a sharp rise in the metal duty cycle, and it becomes more obvious when the incident angle is larger. As a result of this phenomenon, the transmission rate will decrease.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the present invention. Within the scope of protection.
工业实用性Industrial applicability
本领域技术人员应理解，以上实施例仅是示例性实施例，在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以进行多种变化、替换以及改变。Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments, and various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (12)

  1. 一种吸透波超材料结构，其特征在于，所述吸透波超材料结构包括：A wave-absorbing metamaterial structure, characterized in that, the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure comprises:
    至少一个第一微结构阵列；At least one first microstructure array;
    至少一个第二微结构阵列；以及At least one second microstructure array; and
    第一介质层；First dielectric layer
    所述至少一个第一微结构阵列、第一介质层和至少一个第二微结构阵列依次层叠在一起；每个第一微结构阵列包括多个吸波微结构，每个第二微结构阵列包括多个透波反射微结构。The at least one first microstructure array, the first dielectric layer, and the at least one second microstructure array are laminated together in sequence; each first microstructure array includes a plurality of absorbing microstructures, and each second microstructure array includes Multiple wave-transmitting and reflecting microstructures.
  2. 如权利要求1所述的吸透波超材料结构，其特征在于，所述吸透波超材料结构包括：The wave-absorbing metamaterial structure of claim 1, wherein the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure comprises:
    两个第一微结构阵列；Two first microstructure arrays;
    第一介质层；First dielectric layer
    第二介质层；Second dielectric layer
    三个第二微结构阵列；Three second microstructure arrays;
    两个第三介质层；Two third dielectric layers;
    两个第一微结构阵列中的一者、第二介质层、两个第一微结构阵列中的另一者、第一介质层、三个第二微结构阵列中的第一者、两个第三介质层中的一者、三个第二微结构阵列中的第二者、两个第三介质层中的另一者、三个第二微结构阵列中的第三者依次层叠在一起。One of the two first microstructure arrays, the second dielectric layer, the other of the two first microstructure arrays, the first dielectric layer, the first of the three second microstructure arrays, two One of the third dielectric layer, the second of the three second microstructure arrays, the other of the two third dielectric layers, and the third of the three second microstructure arrays are sequentially stacked together .
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的吸透波超材料结构，其特征在于：所述多个透波反射微结构分别与多个吸波微结构对应设置，每个吸波微结构用于对第一频段的入射电磁波进行高吸波；The wave-absorbing metamaterial structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the multiple wave-transmitting and reflective microstructures are respectively arranged corresponding to the multiple wave-absorbing microstructures, and each wave-absorbing microstructure is used for the first High absorption of incident electromagnetic waves in one frequency band;
    每个透波反射微结构用于将第二频段的入射电磁波反射至对应的吸波微结构以及对第二频段之外的频段的入射电磁波进行高透波。Each wave-transmitting and reflective microstructure is used to reflect incident electromagnetic waves in the second frequency band to the corresponding wave-absorbing microstructure and to perform high-wave transmission of incident electromagnetic waves in frequency bands outside the second frequency band.
  4. 如权利要求1或2所述的吸透波超材料结构，其特征在于：The wave-absorbing metamaterial structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
    每个吸波微结构包括至少一个环形导电结构，每个环形导电结构具有至少一个电能消耗元件；Each wave-absorbing microstructure includes at least one ring-shaped conductive structure, and each ring-shaped conductive structure has at least one power consuming element;
    每个透波反射微结构包括多个导电几何结构，每个导电几何结构不具有电能消耗元件。Each wave-transmitting and reflective microstructure includes a plurality of conductive geometric structures, and each conductive geometric structure does not have power consuming elements.
  5. 如权利要求4所述的吸透波超材料结构，其特征在于：所述电能消耗元件包括电阻。8. The wave-absorbing metamaterial structure of claim 4, wherein the power consumption element comprises a resistor.
  6. 如权利要求2所述的吸透波超材料结构，其特征在于：所述第一介质层、第二介质层和第三介质层是相同的。3. The wave-absorbing metamaterial structure of claim 2, wherein the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are the same.
  7. 如权利要求1或2所述的吸透波超材料结构，其特征在于：每个吸波微结构包括第一环形导电结构、第二环形导电结构、至少一个第一电阻和至少一个第二电阻，所述第二环形导电结构设置于第一环形导电结构的内部；The wave-absorbing metamaterial structure of claim 1 or 2, wherein each wave-absorbing microstructure comprises a first ring-shaped conductive structure, a second ring-shaped conductive structure, at least one first resistor, and at least one second resistor , The second annular conductive structure is disposed inside the first annular conductive structure;
    所述第一环形导电结构开设有至少一个第一开口，所述至少一个第一电阻设置于所述至少一个第一开口内并与第一环形导电结构电连接；The first annular conductive structure is provided with at least one first opening, and the at least one first resistor is arranged in the at least one first opening and is electrically connected to the first annular conductive structure;
    所述第二环形导电结构开设有至少一个第二开口，所述至少一个第二电阻设置于所述至少一个第二开口内并与第二环形导电结构电连接。The second annular conductive structure is provided with at least one second opening, and the at least one second resistor is arranged in the at least one second opening and is electrically connected to the second annular conductive structure.
  8. 如权利要求7所述的吸透波超材料结构，其特征在于：所述第一环形导电结构和第二环形导电结构都为圆环状或多边形的环状。8. The wave-absorbing metamaterial structure of claim 7, wherein the first ring-shaped conductive structure and the second ring-shaped conductive structure are both circular or polygonal.
  9. 如权利要求1或2所述的吸透波超材料结构，其特征在于：每个透波反射微结构包括相同的多个导电结构；多个导电结构依次首尾连接在一起以构成近似多边形的结构；每个导电结构包括第一导电线、第一凸起曲线段、第二凹陷曲线段、第三凸起曲线段和第二导电线，所述第一导电线、第一凸起曲线段、第二凹陷曲线段、第三凸起曲线段和第二导电线依次垂直的首尾连接在一起；The wave-absorbing metamaterial structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: each wave-transmitting and reflective microstructure includes the same multiple conductive structures; the multiple conductive structures are connected end to end in turn to form an approximately polygonal structure ; Each conductive structure includes a first conductive line, a first convex curve segment, a second concave curve segment, a third convex curve segment and a second conductive line, the first conductive line, the first convex curve segment, The second concave curve section, the third convex curve section and the second conductive line are connected together vertically end to end in sequence;
    所述第一凸起曲线段和第三凸起曲线段中的每一者的形状都与正半周期的方波的形状相同，所述第二凹陷曲线段的形状与负半周期的方波的形状相同。The shape of each of the first convex curve segment and the third convex curve segment is the same as the shape of the positive half-period square wave, and the shape of the second concave curve segment is the same as the negative half-period square wave. The same shape.
  10. 如权利要求1或2所述的吸透波超材料结构，其特征在于：每个透波反射微结构包括相同的六个导电几何结构；六个导电几何结构依次首尾连接在一起以构成近似正六边形的结构；每个导电几何结构包括第一导电线、第一凸起曲线段、第二凹陷曲线段、第三凸起曲线段和第二导电线，所述第一导电线、第一凸起曲线段、第二凹陷曲线段、第三凸起曲线段和第二导电线依次垂直的首尾连接在一起；所述第一凸起曲线段和第三凸起曲线段中的每一者的形状都与正半周期的方波的形状相同，所述第二凹陷曲线段的形状与负半周期的方波的形状相同；The wave-absorbing metamaterial structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: each wave-transmitting and reflecting microstructure includes the same six conductive geometric structures; the six conductive geometric structures are connected together end to end in turn to form an approximate regular six A polygonal structure; each conductive geometric structure includes a first conductive line, a first convex curve segment, a second concave curve segment, a third convex curve segment, and a second conductive line, the first conductive line, the first The convex curve section, the second concave curve section, the third convex curve section, and the second conductive line are connected vertically end to end in sequence; each of the first convex curve section and the third convex curve section The shape of is the same as the shape of the positive half-period square wave, and the shape of the second concave curve segment is the same as the shape of the negative half-period square wave;
    在所述六个导电几何结构中，依次首尾连接在一起的三个导电几何结构和依次首尾连接在一起的另外三个导电几何结构呈轴对称；或者Among the six conductive geometric structures, the three conductive geometric structures connected end to end in sequence and the other three conductive geometric structures connected end to end in sequence are axisymmetric; or
    每个透波反射微结构包括相同的四个导电几何结构；四个导电几何结构依次首尾连接在一起以构成近似方形的结构；每个导电几何结构包括第一导电线、第一凸起曲线段、第二凹陷曲线段、第三凸起曲线段和第二导电线，所述第一导电线、第一凸起曲线段、第二凹陷曲线段、第三凸起曲线段和第二导电线依次垂直的首尾连接在一起；所述第一凸起曲线段和第三凸起曲线段中的每一者的形状都与正半周期的方波的形状相同，所述第二凹陷曲线段的形状与负半周期的方波的形状相同；Each wave-transmitting and reflective microstructure includes the same four conductive geometric structures; the four conductive geometric structures are connected end to end to form an approximately square structure; each conductive geometric structure includes a first conductive line and a first convex curve segment , The second concave curve section, the third convex curve section and the second conductive wire, the first conductive wire, the first convex curve section, the second concave curve section, the third convex curve section and the second conductive wire The first and the third convex curve segments are connected together vertically in turn; the shape of each of the first convex curve segment and the third convex curve segment is the same as the shape of the positive half-period square wave, and the second concave curve segment The shape is the same as that of a negative half-period square wave;
    在所述四个导电几何结构中，依次首尾连接在一起的两个导电几何结构和依次首尾连接在一起的另外两个导电几何结构呈轴对称。Among the four conductive geometric structures, the two conductive geometric structures connected end to end in turn and the other two conductive geometric structures connected end to end in turn are axially symmetrical.
  11. 如权利要求3所述的吸透波超材料结构，其特征在于：所述第一频段为X和Ku波段，所述第二频段之外的频段为P波段；或者The wave-absorbing metamaterial structure of claim 3, wherein the first frequency band is the X and Ku bands, and the frequency band outside the second frequency band is the P band; or
    所述第一频段为X波段，所述第二频段之外的频段为P波段。The first frequency band is the X band, and the frequency band outside the second frequency band is the P band.
  12. 一种飞行器，其特征在于：所述飞行器包括如权利要求1-11中任意一项所述的吸透波超材料结构。An aircraft, characterized in that the aircraft includes the wave-absorbing metamaterial structure according to any one of claims 1-11.
PCT/CN2020/093932 2019-08-05 2020-06-02 Wave-absorbing and wave-transmitting metamaterial structure and aircraft WO2021022880A1 (en)

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