WO2021018844A1 - Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante pour structure flottante - Google Patents
Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante pour structure flottante Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021018844A1 WO2021018844A1 PCT/EP2020/071152 EP2020071152W WO2021018844A1 WO 2021018844 A1 WO2021018844 A1 WO 2021018844A1 EP 2020071152 W EP2020071152 W EP 2020071152W WO 2021018844 A1 WO2021018844 A1 WO 2021018844A1
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- tank
- joint
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- longitudinal direction
- vessel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
- B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
- B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
- B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
- F17C3/027—Wallpanels for so-called membrane tanks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
- B63B27/24—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of pipe-lines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
- B63B27/30—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures
- B63B27/34—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures using pipe-lines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B73/00—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms
- B63B73/20—Building or assembling prefabricated vessel modules or parts other than hull blocks, e.g. engine rooms, rudders, propellers, superstructures, berths, holds or tanks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
- F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0329—Foam
- F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0345—Fibres
- F17C2203/035—Glass wool
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0636—Metals
- F17C2203/0648—Alloys or compositions of metals
- F17C2203/0651—Invar
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
- F17C2260/011—Improving strength
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0105—Ships
- F17C2270/0107—Wall panels
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks with membranes.
- the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks for the storage and / or transport of liquefied gas at low temperature, such as tanks for the transport of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (also called LPG) exhibiting by example a temperature between -50 ° C and 0 ° C, or for the transport of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) at approximately -162 ° C at atmospheric pressure.
- LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
- LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
- the tank can thus be intended for transporting liquefied gas or for receiving liquefied gas serving as fuel for the propulsion of the floating structure.
- Document FR2968284 discloses a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing liquefied gas integrated into a supporting structure of a floating structure, such as the hull of a ship.
- the vessel has a plurality of vessel walls assembled together, and each vessel wall has two thermally insulating barriers intended to be anchored to the supporting structure and two sealing membranes.
- Each thermally insulating barrier of such a tank comprises a plurality of insulating panels of parallelepiped shape juxtaposed in a longitudinal direction and in a transverse direction.
- the insulation boards with the help of their upper surface form a support surface for the waterproofing membrane.
- the insulation panels are spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction in a space called the inter-panel space. Therefore, at the inter-panel spaces, the waterproofing membrane is not supported by the support surface, but by fillers disposed in the inter-panel space.
- the beam of a ship which includes such tanks is caused to bend in the longitudinal direction of the ship due to various factors. Indeed, for example, the bending of the ship's beam is caused by the passage of the hull from its state in dry dock to its state in floatation, or by the temperature variations of the hull between the temperature during its manufacture and the temperature during use, or even by the forces exerted on the ship by the swell.
- the waterproofing membrane may be subjected to a longitudinal compressive stress on some of the walls of the tank and could thus be caused to buckle in areas where it does not. 'is not supported by the support surface such as the inter-panel spaces.
- An idea underlying the invention is to improve the support of the sealing membrane in order to avoid or control any phenomenon of buckling during the compression of the sealing membrane.
- the invention provides a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a liquefied gas integrated in a floating structure, in which the tank comprises a tank wall comprising: a thermally insulating barrier fixed to a supporting structure of the floating structure, and including a plurality of insulating panels of parallelepiped shape juxtaposed in a longitudinal direction, each insulating panel having an upper surface forming a supporting surface, at least two insulating panels juxtaposed to each other in the longitudinal direction being spaced by an inter-panel space, the thermally insulating barrier comprising a joining wedge placed in the inter-panel space so as to fill the inter-panel space in the longitudinal direction, a waterproofing membrane resting on the thermally insulating barrier, the waterproofing membrane comprising a flat strip extending in the longitudinal direction on the support surface of several of the juxtaposed insulation panels and on the joint wedge (s) arranged between said juxtaposed insulating panels, wherein at least one said joint wedge is configured such that an upper surface of the joint wedge is located
- the joint wedge makes it possible to fill the thermally insulating barrier without preventing a certain buckling of the waterproofing membrane in the inter-panel space and while serving as a support for the waterproofing membrane using of its upper surface in the event of buckling of the waterproofing membrane in the inter-panel space.
- the waterproofing membrane in response to bending of the load-bearing structure in the longitudinal direction, the waterproofing membrane is caused to work in compression so that it is preferable to support the waterproofing membrane in the whole longitudinal direction or at all. less than limiting its deformation to acceptable values.
- the distance in the thickness direction between the upper surface of the joint shim and the supporting surface of the thermally insulating barrier is limited to a predetermined maximum-in-service deviation so that the membrane d
- the seal can deform in buckling in the inter-panel space without reaching the elastic limit.
- the distance between in the thickness direction between the upper surface of the joint wedge and the support surface of the thermally insulating barrier is understood to mean the distance between a point on the upper surface of the joint wedge furthest from the surface support in the thickness direction and a point on the support surface of the thermally insulating barrier.
- Said distance between the upper surface of the joint wedge and the support surface in the thickness direction is considered when the tank is filled all or partially with liquefied gas, the interior of the tank then being at a cryogenic temperature and / or when the vessel does not contain liquefied gas, the interior of the vessel being at approximately ambient temperature, for example during its manufacture.
- the distance in the thickness direction between the upper surface of the joint wedge and the supporting surface of the thermally insulating barrier may vary due to temperature variations. and therefore phenomena of thermal contraction or expansion. This is why it is advantageous for this distance to be less than the maximum-in-service deviation which represents a maximum value of the distance taking into account temperature variations
- the maximum-in-service deviation must be calculated as the maximum cold deviation, i.e. for a tank in a state of liquefied gas loading.
- the elastic limit of the waterproofing membrane must be considered when cold.
- the maximum cold deviation is calculated upstream of the manufacture of the tank as a function of the length separating two inter-panel spaces, the level of deformation of the hull, the longitudinal dimension of the inter-space. panels, the number of inter-panel spaces in the thermally insulating barrier, and the material and dimensions of the waterproofing membrane.
- the maximum-in-service deviation must be calculated as the maximum warm deviation, that is, for a tank at room temperature.
- the elastic limit of the waterproofing membrane must be considered when hot.
- the maximum hot deviation can be calculated using the same parameters. It is also possible to calculate the maximum difference when hot as a function of the maximum difference when cold, the height of the thermally insulating barrier, the average temperature variation in the inter-panel space between the ambient temperature and the liquefied gas loading temperature and the coefficients of thermal expansion of the joint wedge and the insulating panels.
- such a tank may include one or more of the following characteristics.
- said distance between the upper surface of the joint wedge and the support surface in the thickness direction is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, and less than the maximum-in-service deviation. .
- said distance allows the membrane to evacuate any compressive stresses with controlled buckling in all circumstances.
- all of the joint shims are configured so that an upper surface of the joint shim is located below the support surface in a thickness direction of the vessel wall and that said upper surface of the joint shim is located below the support surface.
- the joint shim is spaced from the support surface in the thickness direction by a non-zero distance and less than the maximum-in-service-deviation, so that the waterproofing membrane can buckle deform in the inter-panel space without reaching the elastic limit.
- the upper surface of the joint wedge is flat.
- the upper surface of the joint wedge is curved in a concave manner.
- the upper surface of the joint wedge forms at least one arch of concave sinusoid.
- the waterproofing membrane is supported by the curvature of the upper surface of the joint shim over the entire inter-panel space, taking into account the curvature formed by the membrane during buckling.
- the curved upper surface of the joint wedge comprises a plurality of corrugations, preferably directed towards the supporting structure so as to form concave corrugations.
- the upper surface formed of corrugations makes it possible to maximize the curvilinear length in the longitudinal direction of the upper surface while having a minimum curvature, using corrugations of which the amplitude is controlled, in order to completely unload the membrane. in compression avoiding that it exceeds the threshold of the elastic limit.
- the curved upper surface of the joint wedge comprises an odd number of corrugations directed towards the supporting structure, one of the corrugations being located in the middle of the joint wedge in the longitudinal direction.
- the buckling initiator located in the middle of the inter-panel space is placed in the central corrugation which allows to better support and guide the buckling of the waterproofing membrane.
- the upper surface of the joint wedge is continuous in the longitudinal direction.
- the continuity of the upper surface makes it possible to avoid that the waterproofing membrane is not supported on an area in the longitudinal direction and / or that excessive forces are applied to the waterproofing membrane due to an irregularity of too large area.
- the upper surface of the joint wedge comprises at least one discontinuity in the longitudinal direction, the dimension of the discontinuity in the longitudinal direction being less than the critical Euler buckling length of the sealing membrane. .
- the predetermined maximum-in-service deviation is less than or equal to 2.5 mm.
- the waterproofing membrane is in Invar ® 0.7 mm thick and that the longitudinal dimension of the inter-panel space is 60 mm, the maximum-in-service deviation is advantageously less than 2.5 mm to avoid reaching the elastic limit of the waterproofing membrane.
- the joint wedge is made of a material included in the following list: high density glass or rock wool, or insulating foams, preferably reinforced with fibers, for example glass fibers, such as polyurethane foam, PVC foam, vinyl foam, expanded polystyrene, glass foam.
- high density glass or rock wool or insulating foams, preferably reinforced with fibers, for example glass fibers, such as polyurethane foam, PVC foam, vinyl foam, expanded polystyrene, glass foam.
- the joint wedge is made of glass or rock wool with a density greater than or equal to 50 kg.m -3 .
- the coefficient of thermal expansion of glass wool or rock wool is between 6.10 -6 K -1 and 10.10 -6 K -1 .
- the joint wedge is made of polymer foam reinforced with fibers, the fibers being oriented essentially in the thickness direction of the tank wall, for example a polyurethane foam reinforced with glass fibers.
- the coefficient of thermal expansion of the polyurethane foam reinforced with glass fibers is of the order of 20.10 -6 K -1 .
- the joint wedge is made of PVC foam.
- the coefficient of thermal expansion of the PVC foam is between 35.10 -6 K -1 and 40.10 -6 K -1 .
- the modulus of compression of the joint shim in the thickness direction is greater than or equal to 10 kPa.
- the coefficient of thermal expansion of the joint wedge is greater than or equal to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the insulating panels.
- this relationship between the thermal expansion coefficients makes it possible to prevent the joint wedge from projecting from the support surface towards the interior of the vessel. which could damage the waterproofing membrane.
- the maximum-in-service deviation is equal to the maximum cold deviation.
- the coefficient of thermal expansion of the joint wedge is less than or equal to 45.10 -6 K -1 , preferably less than or equal to 40.10 -6 K -1 , more preferably between 6.10 -6 K -1 and 40.10 -6 K -1 .
- the at least two juxtaposed insulating panels comprise a chamfered edge adjacent to the joint wedge, the chamfered edge being located at the level of the upper surface of the juxtaposed insulating panels.
- the chamfered edges of the insulation panels reduce the risk of damage during buckling of the membrane compared to sharp edges at an angle of 90 ° of parallelepipedal insulation panels.
- one of, some of, or each insulating panel comprises a side wall adjacent to one of the joint wedges, and comprises a support member projecting from the side wall towards the joint wedge, an upper portion of the joint wedge being located above the support member in the thickness direction and the support member being configured to form a support surface for the upper portion of the joint wedge.
- the support element is located at an upper part of the side wall, that is to say a part located between the upper surface and a median plane of the insulating panel in the direction of 'thickness.
- the support element makes it possible to support the joint wedge at an intermediate span so as to limit the differential thermal contraction with respect to the insulating panel where the support element is fixed, so that the joint wedge further accompanies the insulating panel during its contraction.
- said flat strip extends longitudinally from a transverse vessel wall to an opposite transverse vessel wall.
- the waterproofing membrane is a membrane stretched in the longitudinal direction, that is to say a membrane not comprising elements making it possible to absorb the deformations in the longitudinal direction, these elements being able to be for example ripples.
- the insulating panels are juxtaposed in the longitudinal direction and in a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction
- the waterproofing membrane comprises a plurality of parallel strakes, a strake comprising a flat central portion forming said flat strip. and resting on the upper surface of the insulating panels of the thermally insulating barrier, and two raised edges disposed on either side of the flat central portion in the transverse direction and protruding inwardly of the vessel with respect to the portion central, the strakes being juxtaposed in a repeated pattern and welded together in a sealed manner at the raised edges so as to form an expansion bellows.
- the insulating panels comprise at least one groove at the level of the upper surface of the insulating panel and the waterproofing membrane comprises anchoring wings fixed in said groove and welded to the raised edges of two adjacent strakes in order to retain the waterproofing membrane over the thermally insulating barrier.
- the waterproofing membrane is a secondary waterproofing membrane
- the thermally insulating barrier is a secondary thermally insulating barrier
- the vessel wall comprising in the thickness direction from the outside to the inside of the tank, the secondary thermally insulating barrier, the secondary waterproofing membrane, a primary thermally insulating barrier resting on the secondary waterproofing membrane and a primary waterproofing membrane resting on the primary thermally insulating barrier and intended to be in contact with liquefied gas.
- the waterproofing membrane is made of Invar ®, that is to say an alloy of iron and nickel, the coefficient of expansion of which is typically between 1.2.10 -6 and 2.10 -6 K -1 .
- the waterproofing membrane is a primary waterproofing membrane
- the thermally insulating barrier is a primary thermally insulating barrier
- the vessel wall comprising in the thickness direction from the outside to the inside of the vessel, a secondary thermally insulating barrier attached to the supporting structure, a secondary waterproofing membrane resting on the secondary thermally insulating barrier, the primary thermally insulating barrier resting on the secondary waterproofing membrane and attached to the supporting structure by the intermediate of the secondary thermally insulating barrier, and the primary waterproofing membrane resting on the primary thermally insulating barrier and intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas.
- the sealing membrane is the sole sealing membrane of the vessel wall and the thermally insulating barrier is the sole thermally insulating barrier of the vessel wall.
- the inter-panel space is a secondary inter-panel space
- the insulating panels are secondary insulating panels
- the primary thermally insulating barrier is formed of a plurality of primary insulating panels of parallelepiped shape juxtaposed in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction, two juxtaposed primary insulating panels being spaced from each other by a primary inter-panel space, the dimension of the primary inter-panel space in the longitudinal direction being less than the dimension of the secondary inter-panel space in the longitudinal direction.
- the secondary inter-panel space has a longitudinal dimension of between 50 and 70 mm, preferably equal to 60 mm.
- the primary inter-panel space has a longitudinal dimension of between 5 and 20 mm, preferably equal to 8 mm.
- longitudinal dimension is meant the dimension in the longitudinal direction.
- a larger dimension of the floating structure is directed towards the longitudinal direction.
- said tank wall is a bottom wall or a ceiling wall.
- Such a tank can be installed in a floating, coastal or deep-water structure, in particular an LNG vessel, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU), a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
- FSRU floating storage and regasification unit
- FPSO floating production and remote storage unit
- Such a tank can also serve as a fuel tank in any type of vessel.
- the invention provides a method of manufacturing a sealed and thermally insulating tank, in which the method comprises the steps consisting in: - depositing insulating panels of parallelepiped shape juxtaposed in a longitudinal direction and in a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction so as to form a thermally insulating barrier, each insulating panel comprising an upper surface forming a support surface, at least two insulating panels juxtaposed to each other in the longitudinal direction being spaced by an inter-panel space, - place in the inter-panel space (s) a joint wedge in order to fill the inter-panel space in the longitudinal direction, the joint wedge being configured so that an upper surface of the joint wedge is located below the support surface in a thickness direction of the vessel wall at room temperature, - check at room temperature that the upper surface of the joint shim is spaced from the support surface in a direction of thickness of the vessel wall by a distance less than a predetermined maximum hot deviation, - fix a waterproofing membrane on the support surface of the thermally
- the distance between the upper surface of the joint shim and the support surface in the thickness direction is checked to ensure that the wedge of joint will serve well as a support for the waterproofing membrane in the event of buckling of the waterproofing membrane in response to bending of the supporting structure in the longitudinal direction.
- the verification step is performed using a template placed in the inter-panel space above the joint wedge.
- the maximum hot deviation EC max is determined using the following equation: with EF max a predetermined maximum cold deviation, h the height of an insulating panel, ⁇ panel the coefficient of thermal expansion of an insulating panel, ⁇ shims the coefficient of thermal expansion of a joint wedge and ⁇ T the temperature variation average at the level of the inter-panel space between the ambient temperature and the temperature when the tank is in a state of liquefied gas loading
- a maximum-in-service deviation is less than or equal to 2.5 mm, said maximum-in-service deviation corresponding to the maximum between the predetermined maximum cold deviation for a tank in a state of. loading with liquefied gas and the predetermined maximum hot deviation for a tank at room temperature.
- the waterproofing membrane is in Invar ® 0.7 mm thick and that the longitudinal dimension of the inter-panel space is 60 mm, the maximum-in-service deviation is advantageously less than 2.5 mm to avoid reaching the elastic limit of the waterproofing membrane.
- the invention provides a vessel for the transport of a cold liquid product comprises a double hull and a above-mentioned tank arranged in the double hull.
- the invention also provides a transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising the aforementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged so as to connect the tank installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating storage installation. or terrestrial and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through the insulated pipes from or towards the floating or terrestrial storage installation towards or from the vessel of the vessel.
- the invention also provides a method for loading or unloading such a ship, in which a cold liquid product is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage installation to or from the vessel tank.
- Figure 1 is a cutaway perspective view of a tank wall.
- FIG. 2 is a detail view II of FIG. 1, showing an inter-panel space of a tank wall according to a first embodiment, after buckling of the sealing membrane.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of an inter-panel space according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of an inter-panel space according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of an inter-panel space according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a cut-away schematic representation of an LNG vessel tank and of a loading / unloading terminal for this tank.
- the vessel wall which will be described later is attached to a supporting structure of a floating structure, such as a ship.
- a floating structure such as a ship.
- FIG. 1 shows the multilayer structure of a wall 1 of a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a liquefied fluid, such as liquefied natural gas (LNG).
- a liquefied fluid such as liquefied natural gas (LNG).
- LNG liquefied natural gas
- the supporting structure 3 can in particular be formed by the hull or the double hull of a ship.
- the supporting structure 3 comprises a plurality of walls defining the general shape of the tank, usually a polyhedral shape.
- the secondary thermally insulating barrier 2 comprises a plurality of secondary insulating panels 7 which are anchored to the supporting structure 3 by means of anchoring devices 9.
- the secondary insulating panels 7 have a general parallelepipedal shape and are arranged in parallel rows in the longitudinal direction L and in the transverse direction T. In each row extending in the longitudinal direction L, the secondary insulating panels 7 are spaced from each other by a secondary inter-panel space 15.
- the secondary waterproofing membrane 4 comprises a continuous ply of strakes 10, metallic, with raised edges.
- the strakes 10 thus comprise a flat central portion 11 resting on the upper surface 13 of the primary insulating panels 7 of the secondary thermally insulating barrier 2 and also comprise two raised edges 12 arranged on either side of the flat central portion 11 in the transverse direction T and projecting towards the inside of the tank with respect to the central portion 11.
- the strakes 10 are welded by their raised edges 12 on parallel welding supports which are fixed in the grooves 22 made on the upper surfaces 13 secondary insulating panels 7.
- the strakes 10 are, for example, made of Invar ®: that is to say an alloy of iron and nickel, the coefficient of expansion of which is typically between 1.2.10 -6 and 2.10 - 6 K -1 .
- the primary thermally insulating barrier 5 comprises a plurality of primary insulating panels 8 which are anchored to the supporting structure 3 by means of the aforementioned anchoring devices 9.
- the primary insulating panels 8 have a general parallelepipedal shape. In addition, they have dimensions substantially identical to those of the secondary insulating panels 7 except for their thickness in the direction of thickness E of the wall 1 of the tank which is likely to be different, and in particular lower. In each row extending in the longitudinal direction L, the primary insulating panels 8 are spaced from each other by a primary inter-panel space 21.
- Each of the primary insulating panels 8 is positioned in line with one of the secondary insulating panels. 7, in alignment with the latter in the direction of thickness E of the wall 1 of the vessel. In an embodiment not shown, the primary insulating panels 8 are positioned staggered with respect to the secondary insulating panels 7.
- the secondary insulating panels 7 and the primary insulating panels 8 are made in the form of a box comprising a bottom plate, a cover plate and load-bearing webs extending, in the thickness direction of the tank wall 1, between the bottom plate and the cover plate and delimiting a plurality of compartments filled with an insulating lining, such as perlite, glass wool or rock wool.
- the secondary insulating panels 7 and the primary insulating panels 8 comprise a bottom plate, a cover plate and optionally an intermediate plate, for example made of plywood.
- the secondary insulating panels 7 and the primary insulating panels 8 also comprise one or more layers of insulating polymer foam sandwiched between the bottom plate, the cover plate and the possible intermediate plate and glued to them.
- the insulating polymer foam can in particular be a polyurethane-based foam, optionally reinforced with fibers.
- the secondary thermally insulating barrier 2 and / or the primary thermally insulating barrier 5 comprises secondary insulating panels 7 and / or primary insulating panels 8 having at least two different types of structure, for example the two structures. aforementioned, depending on their area of implantation in the tank.
- the primary waterproofing membrane 6 comprises a continuous sheet of metal strakes 10 with raised edges which are of the same nature as the strakes 10 of the secondary waterproofing membrane 4.
- the strakes 10 of the primary waterproofing membrane 6 are welded by their raised edges 12 on parallel weld supports which are fixed in the grooves formed on the upper surfaces of the primary insulating panels 8.
- the primary waterproofing membrane 6 could be produced using other techniques.
- the primary waterproofing membrane 6 could be made using corrugated metal plates as described for example in document FR2691520.
- each anchoring device 9 is positioned at the four corners of the primary 8 and secondary insulating panels 7.
- Each stack of a secondary insulating panel 7 and a primary insulating panel 8 is anchored to the supporting structure 3 by means of four anchoring devices 9.
- each anchoring device 9 cooperates with the corners of four adjacent secondary insulating panels 7 and with the corners of four adjacent primary insulating panels 8.
- the secondary thermally insulating barrier 2 comprises joint wedges 16 placed in each of the secondary inter-panel spaces 15 so as to fill the secondary inter-panel space 15 in the longitudinal direction L. These joint wedges 16 and the inter-panel spaces. Secondary panels 15 are shown in more detail in Figures 2 to 5.
- the sealing membranes 4, 6 are caused to work in compression on at least the wall of the vessel. ceiling or bottom wall of the tank. It has been found that it would be advantageous in order to avoid excessive buckling of the sealing membranes 4, 6 leading to point lamination, to ensure sufficient support of the sealing membranes 4, 6 throughout the longitudinal direction.
- the secondary inter-panel space 15 is much larger than the primary inter-panel space 21 in the longitudinal direction. This is why in the remainder of the description, the behavior of the secondary waterproofing membrane 4 and of the secondary thermally insulating barrier 2 will be described in more detail. Indeed, the risk of buckling is greater in the secondary than seen from the dimensional difference between the secondary inter-panel space 15 and the primary inter-panel space 21.
- the invention can also be carried out on the primary thermally insulating barrier 5, whether to support the primary waterproofing membrane 6 or the secondary waterproofing membrane 4.
- Figures 2 to 5 show several embodiments of the secondary insulating panels 7 and of joint wedges 15.
- the joint wedge 15 comprises an upper surface 17 having the function of supporting the waterproofing membrane. secondary 4 in particular if it were to deform by buckling.
- the joint wedge 16 is configured so that the upper surface 17 is located below the supporting surface 13 of the secondary insulating panels 7 in the thickness direction E so as not to interfere with the placement of the membrane d. secondary seal 4 on the support surface 13.
- FIG. 2 thus represents in more detail the secondary inter-panel space 15 with secondary insulating panels 7 and a joint wedge 15 according to a first embodiment, in the case where, following a compressive force, the membrane of secondary seal 4 would present a buckling deformation 22.
- the upper surface 17 of the joint shim 16 is flat and the secondary sealing membrane 4 comes into contact with a part of this upper surface 17 during buckling.
- FIG. 3 represents a second embodiment similar to the first embodiment.
- the secondary insulating panels 7 here comprise chamfered edges 20 at the level of the support surface 13 and which are adjacent to the joint wedge 16.
- the chamfered edges 20 make it possible to accompany the deformation of the secondary waterproofing membrane 4 unlike sharp edges by preventing the latter from being damaged at the point of contact between the edge and the secondary waterproofing membrane 4.
- the thermal contraction coefficient of the joint wedge 16 is higher than that of the secondary insulating panels 7.
- the cold distance 24 is less than or equal to a predetermined maximum cold deviation as a function of the structural parameters of the tank so that the secondary sealing membrane 4 can be deform in buckling in the inter-panel space without reaching the elastic limit so that it can return to its normal state when the compressive force undergone by the secondary waterproofing membrane 4 decreases.
- the maximum cold deviation is advantageously less than 2.5 mm.
- 430 mm high plywood boxes are used to make the secondary thermally insulating barrier and a 430 mm high joint wedge made of polyurethane foam reinforced with glass fibers oriented in the direction of wall thickness tank is used to fill the inter-panel spaces of the secondary thermally insulating barrier.
- the top surface of the cans is exactly level with the top surface of the joint blocks when fabricated at room temperature so that the distance in the thickness direction of the vessel wall between the top surface of the cans and the top surface of the joint shims is zero.
- the joint wedge contracts more significantly than the boxes of the thermally insulating barrier.
- This thermal contraction causes a difference of the order of 0.4 mm between the upper surface of the boxes and the upper surface of the joint wedge at the service temperature of the secondary thermally insulating barrier (for example approximately -50 ° C on average over thickness).
- the secondary waterproofing membrane thus has a controlled space to buckle without reaching the elastic limit at certain inter-panel spaces after cooling the tank.
- a step is provided for checking at ambient temperature the hot distance 23 in order to ensure that it does not exceed a predetermined maximum hot deviation which is a function of l 'maximum cold deviation and coefficients of thermal expansion of the secondary insulating panel 7 and of the joint shim 16.
- FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment of the secondary inter-panel space 15.
- the joint wedge 16 has an upper surface 17 curved concave so that at least a portion of the upper surface 17 has the overall shape of a sinusoidal arch 18.
- the secondary waterproofing membrane 4 is supported by the curvature of the upper surface 17 of the joint wedge 16 over a larger portion of the inter-panel space secondary 15, compared to a flat surface, taking into account the curvature formed by the secondary sealing membrane 4 during buckling.
- FIG. 5 shows a fourth embodiment of the secondary inter-panel space 15.
- the joint wedge has a corrugated upper surface 17 comprising a plurality of corrugations 19.
- the corrugations 19 make it possible to maximize the curvilinear length in the longitudinal direction of the upper surface 17 while exhibiting minimal curvature.
- this allows the secondary waterproofing membrane 4 to deform sufficiently to withstand the compressive forces while preventing the deformations from reaching the threshold of the elastic limit of the material of the secondary waterproofing membrane 4.
- a cutaway view of an LNG carrier 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship.
- the wall of the vessel 71 comprises a primary waterproof barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the vessel, a secondary waterproof barrier arranged between the primary waterproof barrier and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the vessel. primary watertight barrier and the secondary watertight barrier and between the secondary watertight barrier and the double shell 72.
- loading / unloading pipes 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of suitable connectors, to a maritime or port terminal for transferring a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71.
- FIG. 6 represents an example of a maritime terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77.
- the loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed off-shore installation comprising an arm. mobile 74 and a tower 78 which supports the mobile arm 74.
- the mobile arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 which can be connected to the loading / unloading pipes 73.
- the mobile swivel arm 74 adapts to all sizes of LNG carriers .
- a connecting pipe, not shown, extends inside the tower 78.
- the loading and unloading station 75 allows the loading and unloading of the LNG carrier 70 from or to the onshore installation 77.
- the latter comprises liquefied gas storage tanks 80 and connecting pipes 81 connected by the underwater pipe 76 to the loading or unloading station 75.
- the underwater pipe 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the shore installation 77 over a great distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the LNG carrier 70 at a great distance from the coast during loading and unloading operations.
- pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps fitted to the shore installation 77 and / or pumps fitted to the loading and unloading station 75 are used.
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Abstract
Description
une barrière thermiquement isolante fixée à une structure porteuse de la structure flottante, et incluant d’une pluralité de panneaux isolants de forme parallélépipédique juxtaposés dans une direction longitudinale, chaque panneau isolant comportant une surface supérieure formant une surface de support, au moins deux panneaux isolants juxtaposés l’un à l’autre dans la direction longitudinale étant espacés par un espace inter-panneaux, la barrière thermiquement isolante comprenant une cale de jointure placée dans l’espace inter-panneaux de sorte à combler l’espace inter-panneaux dans la direction longitudinale,
une membrane d’étanchéité reposant sur la barrière thermiquement isolante, la membrane d’étanchéité comportant une bande plane s’étendant dans la direction longitudinale sur la surface de support de plusieurs des panneaux isolants juxtaposés et sur la ou les cales de jointure disposées entre lesdits panneaux isolants juxtaposés,
dans laquelle au moins une dite cale de jointure est configurée pour qu’une surface supérieure de la cale de jointure soit située en dessous de la surface de support dans une direction d’épaisseur de la paroi de cuve et que ladite surface supérieure de la cale de jointure soit espacée de la surface de support dans la direction d’épaisseur d’une distance non nulle et inférieure à un écart-maximal-en-service, de sorte que la membrane d’étanchéité puisse se déformer en flambage dans l’espace inter-panneaux sans atteindre la limite élastique.
- déposer des panneaux isolants de forme parallélépipédique juxtaposés dans une direction longitudinale et dans une direction transversale perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale de sorte à former une barrière thermiquement isolante, chaque panneau isolant comportant une surface supérieure formant une surface de support, au moins deux panneaux isolants juxtaposés l’un à l’autre dans la direction longitudinale étant espacés par un espace inter-panneaux,
- placer dans le ou les espaces inter-panneaux une cale de jointure afin de combler l’espace inter-panneaux dans la direction longitudinale, la cale de jointure étant configurée pour qu’une surface supérieure de la cale de jointure soit située en dessous de la surface de support dans une direction d’épaisseur de la paroi de cuve à température ambiante,
- vérifier à température ambiante que la surface supérieure de la cale de jointure soit espacée de la surface de support dans une direction d’épaisseur de la paroi de cuve d’une distance inférieure à un écart maximal à chaud prédéterminée,
- fixer une membrane d’étanchéité sur la surface de support de la barrière thermiquement isolante.
Claims (26)
- Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante de stockage d’un gaz liquéfié intégrée dans une structure flottante, dans laquelle la cuve comprend une paroi de cuve (1) comportant :
une barrière thermiquement isolante (2, 5) fixée à une structure porteuse (3) de la structure flottante, et incluant d’une pluralité de panneaux isolants (7, 8) de forme parallélépipédique juxtaposés dans une direction longitudinale (L), chaque panneau isolant (7, 8) comportant une surface supérieure (13) formant une surface de support (13), au moins deux panneaux isolants (7, 8) juxtaposés l’un à l’autre dans la direction longitudinale (L) étant espacés par un espace inter-panneaux (15, 21), la barrière thermiquement isolante (2, 5) comprenant une cale de jointure (16) placée dans l’espace inter-panneaux (15, 21) de sorte à combler l’espace inter-panneaux (15, 21) dans la direction longitudinale (L),
une membrane d’étanchéité (4, 6) reposant sur la barrière thermiquement isolante (2, 5), la membrane d’étanchéité (4, 6) comportant une bande plane (11) s’étendant dans la direction longitudinale (L) sur la surface de support (13) de plusieurs des panneaux isolants (7, 8) juxtaposés et sur la ou les cales de jointure (16) disposées entre lesdits panneaux isolants (7, 8) juxtaposés,
dans laquelle au moins une dite cale de jointure (16) est configurée pour qu’une surface supérieure (17) de la cale de jointure (16) soit située en dessous de la surface de support (13) dans une direction d’épaisseur (E) de la paroi de cuve (1) et que ladite surface supérieure (17) de la cale de jointure (16) soit espacée de la surface de support (13) dans la direction d’épaisseur (E) d’une distance (24) non nulle et inférieure à un écart–maximal-en-service, de sorte que la membrane d’étanchéité (4, 6) puisse se déformer en flambage dans l’espace inter-panneaux (15, 21) sans atteindre la limite élastique. - Cuve selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la surface supérieure (17) de la cale de jointure (16) est plane.
- Cuve selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la surface supérieure (17) de la cale de jointure (16) est courbée de manière concave.
- Cuve selon la revendication 3 dans laquelle la surface supérieure (17) de la cale de jointure (16) forme au moins une arche de sinusoïde (18) concave.
- Cuve selon la revendication 3 ou la revendication 4, dans laquelle la surface supérieure (17) courbée de la cale de jointure (16) comprend une pluralité d’ondulations (19).
- Cuve selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans laquelle la surface supérieure (17) de la cale de jointure (16) comporte au moins une discontinuité dans la direction longitudinale (L), la dimension de la discontinuité dans la direction longitudinale (L) étant inférieure à la longueur critique de flambement d’Euler de la membrane d’étanchéité.
- Cuve selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans laquelle l’écart-maximal-en-service prédéterminé est inférieur ou égal à 2,5 mm.
- Cuve selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans laquelle la cale de jointure (16) est réalisée dans un matériau compris dans la liste suivante : la laine de verre ou de roche haute densité, ou des mousses isolantes, de préférence renforcées de fibres par exemple de fibres de verre, telles que la mousse polyuréthane, la mousse PVC, la mousse vinyle, le polystyrène expansé, la mousse de verre.
- Cuve selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans laquelle les au moins deux panneaux isolants (7, 8) juxtaposés comprennent un bord chanfreiné (20) adjacent à la cale de jointure (16), le bord chanfreiné (20) étant situé au niveau de la surface supérieure (13) des panneaux isolants (7, 8) juxtaposés.
- Cuve selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, dans laquelle ladite bande plane (11) s’étend longitudinalement depuis une paroi de cuve (1) transversale jusqu’à une paroi de cuve (1) transversale opposée.
- Cuve selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, dans laquelle les panneaux isolants (7, 8) sont juxtaposés dans la direction longitudinale (L) et dans une direction transversale (T) perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale (L), et la membrane d’étanchéité (4, 6) comporte une pluralité de virures (10) parallèles, une virure (10) comportant une portion centrale plane (11) formant ladite bande plane et reposant sur la surface supérieure (13) des panneaux isolants (7, 8) de la barrière thermiquement isolante (2, 5), et deux bords relevés (12) disposés de part et d’autre de la portion centrale plane (11) dans la direction transversale (T) et faisant saillie vers l’intérieur de la cuve par rapport à la portion centrale (11), les virures (10) étant juxtaposées selon un motif répété et soudées ensemble de manière étanche au niveau des bords relevés (12) de manière à former un soufflet de dilatation.
- Cuve selon la revendication 11, dans laquelle les panneaux isolants (7, 8) comprennent au moins une rainure (14) au niveau de la surface supérieure (13) du panneau isolant (7, 8) et la membrane d’étanchéité (4, 6) comprend des ailes d’ancrage fixées dans ladite rainure (14) et soudées aux bords relevés (12) de deux virures (10) adjacentes afin de retenir la membrane d’étanchéité (4, 6) sur la barrière thermiquement isolante (2, 5).
- Cuve selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, dans laquelle la membrane d’étanchéité (4) est une membrane d’étanchéité secondaire (4), la barrière thermiquement isolante (2) est une barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire (2), la paroi de cuve (1) comportant dans la direction d’épaisseur (E) depuis l’extérieur vers l’intérieur de la cuve, la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire (2), la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire (4), une barrière thermiquement isolante primaire (5) reposant sur la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire (4) et une membrane d’étanchéité primaire (6) reposant sur la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire (5) et destinée à être en contact avec le gaz liquéfié.
- Cuve selon la revendication 13, dans laquelle l’espace inter-panneaux (15) est un espace inter-panneaux secondaire (15), les panneaux isolants sont des panneaux isolants secondaires (7), et la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire (5) est formée d’une pluralité de panneaux isolants primaires (8) de forme parallélépipédique juxtaposés dans la direction longitudinale (L) et dans la direction transversale (T), deux panneaux isolants primaires (8) juxtaposés étant espacés l’un de l’autre par un espace inter-panneaux primaire (21), la dimension de l’espace inter-panneau primaire (21) dans la direction longitudinale (L) étant inférieure à la dimension de l’espace inter-panneau secondaire (15) dans la direction longitudinale (L).
- Cuve selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 14, dans laquelle une plus grande dimension de la structure flottante est dirigée vers la direction longitudinale (L).
- Cuve selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 15, dans laquelle ladite paroi de cuve (1) est une paroi de fond ou une paroi de plafond.
- Cuve selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 16, dans laquelle un panneau isolant (7, 8) comprend une paroi latérale adjacente à l’une des cales de jointure (16), et comprend un élément de support faisant saillie de la paroi latérale en direction de la cale de jointure (16), une portion supérieure de la cale de jointure (16) étant située au-dessus de l’élément de support dans la direction d’épaisseur et l’élément de support étant configuré pour former une surface de support pour la portion supérieure de la cale de jointure (16).
- Cuve selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 17, dans laquelle ladite distance entre la surface supérieure de la cale de jointure et la surface de support dans la direction d’épaisseur est supérieure ou égale à 0,5 mm, et inférieure à l’écart-maximal-en-service.
- Cuve selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 18, dans laquelle toute les cales de jointure sont configurées pour qu’une surface supérieure de la cale de jointure soit située en dessous de la surface de support dans une direction d’épaisseur de la paroi de cuve et que ladite surface supérieure de la cale de jointure soit espacée de la surface de support dans la direction d’épaisseur d’une distance non nulle et inférieure à l’écart-maximal-en-service, de sorte que la membrane d’étanchéité puisse se déformer en flambage dans l’espace inter-panneaux sans atteindre la limite élastique.
- Navire (70) pour le transport d’un produit liquide froid, le navire comportant une double coque (72) et une cuve (71) selon l’une des revendications 1 à 19 disposée dans la double coque.
- Système de transfert pour un produit liquide froid, le système comportant un navire (70) selon la revendication 20, des canalisations isolées (73, 79, 76, 81) agencées de manière à relier la cuve (71) installée dans la coque du navire à une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre (77) et une pompe pour entrainer un flux de produit liquide froid à travers les canalisations isolées depuis ou vers l’installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire.
- Procédé de chargement ou déchargement d’un navire (70) selon la revendication 20, dans lequel on achemine un produit liquide froid à travers des canalisations isolées (73, 79, 76, 81) depuis ou vers une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre (77) vers ou depuis la cuve du navire (71).
- Procédé de fabrication d’une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante, dans lequel le procédé comprend les étapes consistant à :
- déposer des panneaux isolants (7, 8) de forme parallélépipédique juxtaposés dans une direction longitudinale (L) et dans une direction transversale (T) perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale (L) de sorte à former une barrière thermiquement isolante (2, 5), chaque panneau isolant (7, 8) comportant une surface supérieure formant une surface de support (13), au moins deux panneaux isolants (7, 8) juxtaposés l’un à l’autre dans la direction longitudinale (L) étant espacés par un espace inter-panneaux (15, 21),
- placer dans le ou les espaces inter-panneaux (15, 21) une cale de jointure (16) afin de combler l’espace inter-panneaux (15, 21) dans la direction longitudinale (L), la cale de jointure (16) étant configurée pour qu’une surface supérieure (17) de la cale de jointure (16) soit située en dessous de la surface de support (13) dans une direction d’épaisseur (E) de la paroi de cuve (1) à température ambiante,
- vérifier à température ambiante que la surface supérieure (17) de la cale de jointure (16) soit espacée de la surface de support (13) dans une direction d’épaisseur (E) de la paroi de cuve (1) d’une distance inférieure à un écart maximal à chaud prédéterminée,
- fixer une membrane d’étanchéité (4, 6) sur la surface de support (13) de la barrière thermiquement isolante (2, 5). - Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 23, dans lequel l’étape de vérification est réalisé à l’aide d’un gabarit placé dans l’espace inter-panneaux (15, 21) au-dessus de la cale de jointure (16).
- Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 23 ou la revendication 24, dans lequel l’écart maximal à chaud ECmax est déterminé à l’aide de l’équation suivante :
- Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 25, dans lequel un écart-maximal-en-service est inférieur ou égal à 2,5 mm, ledit écart-maximal-en-service correspondant au maximum entre l’écart maximal à froid prédéterminé pour une cuve dans un état de chargement en gaz liquéfié et l’écart maximal à chaud prédéterminé pour une cuve à température ambiante..
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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KR1020227003257A KR20220038360A (ko) | 2019-07-31 | 2020-07-27 | 부유식 구조물용 밀봉 단열 탱크 |
CN202080054891.2A CN114174712B (zh) | 2019-07-31 | 2020-07-27 | 用于浮动结构的密封和热绝缘罐 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1908772A FR3099538B1 (fr) | 2019-07-31 | 2019-07-31 | Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante pour structure flottante |
FRFR1908772 | 2019-07-31 |
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WO2021018844A1 true WO2021018844A1 (fr) | 2021-02-04 |
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PCT/EP2020/071152 WO2021018844A1 (fr) | 2019-07-31 | 2020-07-27 | Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante pour structure flottante |
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KR (1) | KR20220038360A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN114174712B (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3099538B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2021018844A1 (fr) |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2691520A1 (fr) | 1992-05-20 | 1993-11-26 | Technigaz Ste Nle | Structure préfabriquée de formation de parois étanches et thermiquement isolantes pour enceinte de confinement d'un fluide à très basse température. |
KR20110061018A (ko) * | 2009-12-01 | 2011-06-09 | 한국과학기술원 | 극저온 액체 저장탱크의 단열 구조체 |
FR2968284A1 (fr) | 2010-12-01 | 2012-06-08 | Gaztransp Et Technigaz | Barriere d'etancheite pour une paroi de cuve |
WO2015132498A1 (fr) * | 2014-03-04 | 2015-09-11 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Cuve étanche et isolante comportant un élément de déflexion permettant l'écoulement de gaz au niveau d'un angle |
KR20160015438A (ko) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-02-15 | 삼성중공업 주식회사 | 액화가스 화물창과 그 제조방법 |
WO2019043349A1 (fr) * | 2017-09-04 | 2019-03-07 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante comportant une bande de couverture anti-convective |
WO2019102163A1 (fr) * | 2017-11-27 | 2019-05-31 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3039248B1 (fr) * | 2015-07-24 | 2017-08-18 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante munie d'une piece de renfort |
CN208760845U (zh) * | 2018-06-21 | 2019-04-19 | 招商局重工(江苏)有限公司 | 一种a型罐液化气船的次屏壁 |
-
2019
- 2019-07-31 FR FR1908772A patent/FR3099538B1/fr active Active
-
2020
- 2020-07-27 KR KR1020227003257A patent/KR20220038360A/ko unknown
- 2020-07-27 WO PCT/EP2020/071152 patent/WO2021018844A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2020-07-27 CN CN202080054891.2A patent/CN114174712B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2691520A1 (fr) | 1992-05-20 | 1993-11-26 | Technigaz Ste Nle | Structure préfabriquée de formation de parois étanches et thermiquement isolantes pour enceinte de confinement d'un fluide à très basse température. |
KR20110061018A (ko) * | 2009-12-01 | 2011-06-09 | 한국과학기술원 | 극저온 액체 저장탱크의 단열 구조체 |
FR2968284A1 (fr) | 2010-12-01 | 2012-06-08 | Gaztransp Et Technigaz | Barriere d'etancheite pour une paroi de cuve |
WO2015132498A1 (fr) * | 2014-03-04 | 2015-09-11 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Cuve étanche et isolante comportant un élément de déflexion permettant l'écoulement de gaz au niveau d'un angle |
KR20160015438A (ko) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-02-15 | 삼성중공업 주식회사 | 액화가스 화물창과 그 제조방법 |
WO2019043349A1 (fr) * | 2017-09-04 | 2019-03-07 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante comportant une bande de couverture anti-convective |
WO2019102163A1 (fr) * | 2017-11-27 | 2019-05-31 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN114174712B (zh) | 2023-10-24 |
KR20220038360A (ko) | 2022-03-28 |
FR3099538B1 (fr) | 2022-06-10 |
FR3099538A1 (fr) | 2021-02-05 |
CN114174712A (zh) | 2022-03-11 |
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