WO2021018203A1 - Copper-iron alloy slab non-vacuum down-drawing continuous casting production process - Google Patents

Copper-iron alloy slab non-vacuum down-drawing continuous casting production process Download PDF

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WO2021018203A1
WO2021018203A1 PCT/CN2020/105554 CN2020105554W WO2021018203A1 WO 2021018203 A1 WO2021018203 A1 WO 2021018203A1 CN 2020105554 W CN2020105554 W CN 2020105554W WO 2021018203 A1 WO2021018203 A1 WO 2021018203A1
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casting
copper
furnace
vacuum
alloy
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PCT/CN2020/105554
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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孙君鹏
周斌
王群
郭创立
杨红艳
王文斌
梁相博
梁建斌
张青队
耿社虎
武旭红
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西安斯瑞先进铜合金科技有限公司
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Priority to KR1020227002939A priority Critical patent/KR20220038072A/en
Priority to JP2022502415A priority patent/JP2022542014A/en
Publication of WO2021018203A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021018203A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
    • B22D11/004—Copper alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B22D11/112—Treating the molten metal by accelerated cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B22D11/113—Treating the molten metal by vacuum treating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B22D11/114—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means
    • B22D11/115—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means by using magnetic fields
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B22D11/116—Refining the metal
    • B22D11/117—Refining the metal by treating with gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of metal smelting, in particular to a production process for continuous casting of copper-iron alloy slabs under non-vacuum.
  • Copper-iron alloy exhibits unique and superior characteristics, such as electromagnetic wave shielding, due to its properties such as copper’s electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, ductility, and elasticity, and iron’s wear resistance, strength, hardness, and magnetic properties.
  • Elasticity, conductivity, heat dissipation, wear resistance, antibacterial properties, etc., and copper-iron alloys can be processed into various physical forms such as rods, cables, plates, films, powders, tubes, etc., and can be used in various industrial fields , With unsurpassed competitiveness and market prospects.
  • Vacuum arc smelting method Put a certain proportion of copper and iron blocks into a vacuum induction furnace to melt them, and then pour them into a mold after they are completely melted.
  • induction melting and deformation aging are combined to improve the performance of copper-iron alloys. But this ordinary induction melting method is easy to cause segregation;
  • Deformation in-situ composite method The original structure of CuFe in-situ composites is generally uniformly distributed on the Cu matrix with dendritic (smelting method) or granular (powder metallurgy) Fe phase. After a large amount of deformation, the Fe phase becomes fibrous . In order to better improve the overall performance of the CuFe alloy, the deformation aging method is often used, and several heat treatments are added in the middle of the deformation. Currently, it is still in the research stage;
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, and provide a non-vacuum down-drawing continuous casting copper-iron alloy slab production process, which has the advantages of stable process, simple operation and low melting and casting production cost, and can realize the copper-iron alloy slab Industrialized production.
  • a non-vacuum down-drawing continuous casting copper-iron alloy slab production process includes the following steps:
  • S2 Load furnace, load raw materials into furnace, load flux, CuFe50 master alloy, electrolytic copper plate, and covering agent in sequence;
  • S3 Smelting, heating the smelting furnace temperature to 1420 ⁇ 1450°C to melt the copper-iron master alloy; heating for melting, during the heating and melting process, gas protection should be performed at the furnace mouth;
  • the CuFe50 master alloy is smelted according to the following method:
  • the first step the ingredients are loaded into the furnace, the Cu and Fe raw materials are weighed according to the content percentage of 1:1, mixed evenly, and put into the crucible and placed in the vacuum melting furnace;
  • Step 2 Vacuum induction melting, turn on the mechanical pump and low vacuum baffle valve to vacuum, turn on the Roots pump when P ⁇ 0.08MPa in the vacuum melting furnace; when the vacuum is pumped to P ⁇ 4Pa, the power of the heating device will increase To 20KW-30KW, keep the temperature for 5min-10min; increase the heating power of the heating device to 40KW-50KW, keep the temperature for 5min-10min; increase the heating power of the heating device to 60KW-70KW, after the raw materials in the crucible reach a uniform level, reduce the heating power to 20KW, Slowly fill the body of the vacuum melting furnace with argon; when the pressure in the furnace rises to 0.08Mpa, stop the argon flow, increase the power to 70KW ⁇ 5KW, and refine 1min-2min;
  • the third step casting out of the furnace, reduce the power of the vacuum melting furnace to 40KW ⁇ 5KW, hold for 0.5min to start casting into the casting mold, turn off the heating after casting is completed, and cool down for 60 minutes before leaving the furnace;
  • the CuFe alloy prepared by this method has a compact structure, few pores, inclusions, and no defects such as macroscopic or microscopic segregation, and ensures the quality of the final copper-iron slab.
  • the covering agent is quartz glass, and the usage amount is 0.25-0.50%wt of the alloy weight; the flux is a mixture of sodium silicate and fluorite, and the usage amount is 0.32-0.45%wt of the alloy weight.
  • a crucible is used to sample the Fe content during smelting, and then an appropriate amount of CuFe master alloy is added accordingly, and the melt composition is adjusted until the iron content reaches the target value.
  • the specific steps of degassing by the deoxidizer include aluminum wire deoxidation, CuMg alloy deoxidation, and addition of titanium wire before being discharged.
  • the drawing speed is slowly reduced until it stops. After the ingot is completely solidified, turn off the cooling water.
  • the cooling water flow rate is gradually increased to 6.0-8.0m3/h before casting. If the water flow rate is too high, the degree of cooling is too large, which is easy to cause stress concentration, forming a cold barrier and causing cracks; the water flow rate is too low , The cooling rate of the ingot is too slow, which may cause coarse structure, decreased performance, or other defects.
  • the present invention adopts a suitable manufacturing process for copper-iron alloy slabs, especially a series of key parameters of non-vacuum melting and casting are determined for different specifications through a large number of process explorations;
  • the present invention uses a built-in crystallizer to stir the copper-iron melt electromagnetically to increase the equiaxed crystal ratio, refine the crystal grains, reduce surface and subcutaneous pores and inclusions, and improve the looseness and segregation of the ingot center;
  • the copper-iron alloy slab manufactured by the present invention is used as the rolling blank of the copper-iron alloy strip, which reduces the material loss and reduces the production cost compared with the conventional round ingot;
  • the present invention adopts a non-vacuum down-draw continuous casting process. Compared with the traditional vacuum melting casting process, the equipment requirements are lower; at the same time, suitable measures such as inert gas protection and adjustment of iron content are adopted during the casting process, which effectively controls the alloy composition and Oxygen content, simple operation, stable and reliable.
  • Figure 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a physical diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a metallographic diagram of Example 1 of the present invention.
  • the first step the ingredients are loaded into the furnace, the Cu and Fe raw materials are weighed according to the content percentage of 1:1, mixed evenly, and put into the crucible and placed in the vacuum melting furnace;
  • Step 2 Vacuum induction melting, turn on the mechanical pump and low vacuum baffle valve to vacuum, turn on the Roots pump when P ⁇ 0.08MPa in the vacuum melting furnace; when the vacuum is pumped to P ⁇ 4Pa, the power of the heating device will increase To 20KWKW, heat preservation for 5min; heating power of the heating device to 40KW, heat preservation for 5min; heating power of the heating device to 60KW, after the raw materials in the crucible reach a uniform level, reduce the heating power by 20KW, and slowly fill the vacuum melting furnace with argon gas ; When the pressure in the furnace rises to 0.08Mpa, stop the argon injection, increase the power to 65KW, and refine for 1min;
  • the third step casting out of the furnace, reduce the power of the vacuum melting furnace to 35KW, hold for 0.5 min to start casting into the casting mold, turn off the heating after casting is completed, and cool down for 60 minutes before taking out.
  • S2 Load furnace, load the raw materials into the furnace, and load the flux, CuFe50 master alloy, electrolytic copper plate, and covering agent in sequence.
  • the covering agent is quartz glass, and the flux is a mixture of sodium silicate and fluorite;
  • S3 Smelting, heat the temperature of the melting furnace to 1420°C to melt the copper-iron master alloy; heat up for melting. During the temperature up and melting process, gas protection should be performed at the furnace mouth, and the crucible sample is used to detect the Fe content during melting. Add an appropriate amount of CuFe50 master alloy, adjust the melt composition until the iron content reaches the target value;
  • the ingot is cooled by water cooling in the crystallizer.
  • the ingot drawn out after solidification is sprayed with water at a certain angle for secondary cooling.
  • the advantage of water cooling of the crystallizer is that it can realize "hot top casting" inside, which reduces the solidification rate of the upper melt, ensures timely feeding, and at the same time facilitates the floating and removal of slag and gas.
  • the cooling water flow rate is gradually increased to 6.0m 3 /h before the casting. If the water flow rate is too high, the cooling degree is too large, which is easy to cause stress concentration, forming a cold barrier and causing cracks; if the water flow rate is too low, the ingot cooling rate is too slow , May cause coarse organization, performance degradation, or other defects.
  • the amount of melt in the crucible of the smelting furnace is reduced to less than 10% of the original, slowly reduce the drawing speed until it stops. After the ingot is completely solidified, turn off the cooling water.
  • the first step the ingredients are loaded into the furnace, the Cu and Fe raw materials are weighed according to the content percentage of 1:1, mixed evenly, and put into the crucible and placed in the vacuum melting furnace;
  • Step 2 Vacuum induction melting, turn on the mechanical pump and low vacuum baffle valve to vacuum, turn on the Roots pump when P ⁇ 0.08MPa in the vacuum melting furnace; when the vacuum is pumped to P ⁇ 4Pa, the power of the heating device will increase To 30KW, keep for 10min; the heating power of the heating device is increased to 50KW, and the temperature is kept for 10min; the heating power of the heating device is increased to 70KW, after the raw materials in the crucible reach a uniform level, reduce the heating power to 20KW, and slowly fill the vacuum melting furnace with argon When the pressure in the furnace rises to 0.08Mpa, stop the argon injection, increase the power to 75KW, and refine for 2min;
  • the third step casting out of the furnace, reduce the power of the vacuum melting furnace to 45KW, hold for 0.5min to start casting into the casting mold, turn off the heating after the casting is completed, and cool down for 60 minutes and then leave the furnace.
  • S3 Smelting, heat the temperature of the melting furnace to 1450°C to melt the copper-iron master alloy; increase the temperature for melting, during the heating and melting process, gas protection is required at the furnace mouth, and the crucible sample is used to detect the Fe content during the smelting process. Add an appropriate amount of CuFe50 master alloy, adjust the melt composition until the iron content reaches the target value;
  • the ingot is cooled by water cooling in the crystallizer.
  • the ingot drawn out after solidification is sprayed with water at a certain angle for secondary cooling.
  • the advantage of water cooling of the crystallizer is that it can realize "hot top casting" inside, which reduces the solidification rate of the upper melt, ensures timely feeding, and at the same time facilitates the floating and removal of slag and gas.
  • the cooling water flow rate is gradually increased to 8.0m3/h before the casting. If the water flow rate is too high, the cooling degree is too large, which is easy to cause stress concentration, forming a cold barrier and causing cracks; if the water flow rate is too low, the cooling rate of the ingot is too slow. May cause coarse organization, performance degradation, or other defects.
  • the amount of melt in the crucible of the smelting furnace is reduced to less than 10% of the original value, slowly reduce the drawing speed until it stops. After the ingot is completely solidified, turn off the cooling water.

Abstract

A copper-iron alloy slab non-vacuum down-drawing continuous casting production process, the main steps comprising: ingredient provision, furnace loading, smelting, refining and degassing, pouring, casting, and ingot cooling, electrolytic copper plate and a CuFe50 master alloy being used as the raw materials for smelting, copper-iron alloy slabs being prepared by means of successfully undergoing a non-vacuum down-drawing continuous casting process, and the equipment requirements being lower than traditional vacuum casting processes; appropriate measures such as inert gas protection and iron content adjustment are employed during the casting process, effectively controlling the alloy composition and oxygen content; the present invention has the advantages of the process being stable, the operations being simple, and the casting production being low cost, and can implement industrial production of iron-copper alloy slabs.

Description

一种非真空下引连铸铜铁合金扁锭的生产工艺Production process of continuous casting copper-iron alloy slab in non-vacuum
本申请要求申请日为2019/7/29的中国专利申请2019106912032的优先权。本申请引用上述中国专利申请的全文。This application claims the priority of the Chinese patent application 2019106912032 whose filing date is 2019/7/29. This application quotes the full text of the aforementioned Chinese patent application.
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及金属冶炼技术领域，具体涉及一种非真空下引连铸铜铁合金扁锭的生产工艺。The invention relates to the technical field of metal smelting, in particular to a production process for continuous casting of copper-iron alloy slabs under non-vacuum.
背景技术Background technique
随着高强高导铜铁合金被广泛应用于各行各业，对此类高强高导铜铁合金的使用性能及制造成本提出更高的要求。铜铁合金因其同时具有铜的导电性、热传导性、延展性、弹性等性质和铁的耐磨性、强度、硬度、磁性等性质，表现出独有的且优越的特点，如电磁波屏蔽性、弹性、导电性、放热性、耐磨性、抗菌性等，并且铜铁合金可以被加工成棒材、电缆、板材、薄膜、粉末、管状等多种物理形态，并且可以应用于各种产业领域，拥有无法超越的竞争力和市场前景。As high-strength and high-conductivity copper-iron alloys are widely used in various industries, higher requirements are put forward for the performance and manufacturing cost of such high-strength and high-conductivity copper-iron alloys. Copper-iron alloy exhibits unique and superior characteristics, such as electromagnetic wave shielding, due to its properties such as copper’s electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, ductility, and elasticity, and iron’s wear resistance, strength, hardness, and magnetic properties. Elasticity, conductivity, heat dissipation, wear resistance, antibacterial properties, etc., and copper-iron alloys can be processed into various physical forms such as rods, cables, plates, films, powders, tubes, etc., and can be used in various industrial fields , With unsurpassed competitiveness and market prospects.
但是从铜铁相图来看，室温时两者几乎完全不互溶，300℃时溶解度仍然为零，在1094℃时溶解度也只有5％左右，Fe在Cu中极低的溶解度，导致该合金在凝固过程中极易形成偏析严重的组织，严重影响了CuFe合金的应用，而快速凝固可以细化晶粒，增加固溶度，并且是抑制或者减轻CuFe合金在凝固过程中形成偏析组织的有效途径，因此快速凝固行为研究越来越受到人们的关注。However, from the perspective of the copper-iron phase diagram, the two are almost completely immiscible at room temperature. The solubility at 300°C is still zero, and the solubility at 1094°C is only about 5%. The extremely low solubility of Fe in Cu causes the alloy to It is easy to form a structure with severe segregation during the solidification process, which seriously affects the application of CuFe alloys. Rapid solidification can refine grains, increase solid solubility, and is an effective way to inhibit or reduce the formation of segregated structures in CuFe alloys during solidification. Therefore, the rapid solidification behavior research has attracted more and more attention.
目前国内外生产CuFe合金的方法有以下几种：At present, there are several methods for producing CuFe alloy at home and abroad:
真空电弧熔炼法：将一定比例的铜块与铁块放入真空感应炉内进行熔化，待完全溶化后浇入模具内，通常将感应熔炼法和形变时效结合在一起来提高 铜铁合金的性能，但是这种普通的感应熔炼法很容易造成偏析；Vacuum arc smelting method: Put a certain proportion of copper and iron blocks into a vacuum induction furnace to melt them, and then pour them into a mold after they are completely melted. Usually induction melting and deformation aging are combined to improve the performance of copper-iron alloys. But this ordinary induction melting method is easy to cause segregation;
形变原位复合法：CuFe原位复合材料的原始组织一般为Cu基体上均匀分布着树枝状(熔炼法)或者颗粒状(粉末冶金法)的Fe相，经大量形变后Fe相变为纤维状。为了更好的提高CuFe合金的综合性能，常采用形变时效方法，在变形中间添加几步热处理，目前还处理研究阶段；Deformation in-situ composite method: The original structure of CuFe in-situ composites is generally uniformly distributed on the Cu matrix with dendritic (smelting method) or granular (powder metallurgy) Fe phase. After a large amount of deformation, the Fe phase becomes fibrous . In order to better improve the overall performance of the CuFe alloy, the deformation aging method is often used, and several heat treatments are added in the middle of the deformation. Currently, it is still in the research stage;
机械合金化法：将一定比例的Cu粉和Fe粉在高能球磨机中长时间研磨，使金属粉末在频繁的碰撞过程中，其组织结构不断细化，最终达到原子级混合而实现合金化的目的，但是这种方法在球磨过程中易代入杂质元素，成本较高。Mechanical alloying method: Grind a certain proportion of Cu powder and Fe powder in a high-energy ball mill for a long time, so that the metal powder will continue to refine its structure during frequent collisions, and finally achieve atomic-level mixing to achieve the purpose of alloying However, this method is easy to substitute impurity elements in the ball milling process, and the cost is high.
综上所述，当前市场上仍需要一种低成本、操作简单的制备工艺，能够工业化生产高质量的铜铁合金扁锭。In summary, there is still a need for a low-cost, simple-to-operate preparation process in the current market that can industrially produce high-quality copper-iron alloy slabs.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺点，提供一种非真空下引连铸铜铁合金扁锭的生产工艺，具有工艺稳定、操作简便、熔铸生产成本低廉的优点，能够实现铜铁合金扁锭的工业化生产。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, and provide a non-vacuum down-drawing continuous casting copper-iron alloy slab production process, which has the advantages of stable process, simple operation and low melting and casting production cost, and can realize the copper-iron alloy slab Industrialized production.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
一种非真空下引连铸铜铁合金扁锭的生产工艺，包括以下步骤：A non-vacuum down-drawing continuous casting copper-iron alloy slab production process includes the following steps:
S1：配料，按照铜铁合金的组成配比，以质量百分比，准备80％～95％的电解铜板和5％-20％的Fe元素，其中Fe元素以CuFe50母合金的形式准备；S1: Ingredients, according to the composition ratio of the copper-iron alloy, prepare 80%-95% of the electrolytic copper plate and 5%-20% of the Fe element by mass percentage, where the Fe element is prepared in the form of a CuFe50 master alloy;
S2：装炉，将原料进行装炉，依次装入熔剂、CuFe50母合金、电解铜板、覆盖剂；S2: Load furnace, load raw materials into furnace, load flux, CuFe50 master alloy, electrolytic copper plate, and covering agent in sequence;
S3：熔炼，将熔炼炉温度加热至1420～1450℃，使铜铁母合金熔化；升温进行熔化，在升温熔化过程中，要在炉口进行气体保护；S3: Smelting, heating the smelting furnace temperature to 1420～1450℃ to melt the copper-iron master alloy; heating for melting, during the heating and melting process, gas protection should be performed at the furnace mouth;
S4：精炼除气，通入氩气进行除气，并利用脱氧剂进行脱氧；S4: Refining and degassing, introducing argon gas for degassing, and deoxidizing with deoxidizer;
S5：浇铸，当温度达到1300-1450℃时开始浇铸；浇铸温度过高，则铸 锭内度梯度大，热应力增大，裂纹倾向增大，同时液穴壁变薄，容易产生宽面裂纹；温度过低则熔体粘度大，流动性降低，易产生冷隔、夹渣等缺陷；S5: Casting, start casting when the temperature reaches 1300-1450°C; if the casting temperature is too high, the ingot internal degree gradient will be large, the thermal stress will increase, and the crack tendency will increase. At the same time, the liquid cavity wall will become thinner and wide-surface cracks will easily occur. ; If the temperature is too low, the melt viscosity will be high, the fluidity will decrease, and defects such as cold barrier and slag inclusion will easily occur;
S6：铸造，当熔体流入方结晶器的70～85％时，开启电磁搅拌，具体参数如下：频率3～10Hz，电流80～100A，将铸造速度从低至高缓慢调节至60～80mm/min，机械振动30次/分钟；铸造速度决定液穴深度，是铸造过程中的关键参数，对于扁铸锭，铸造速度过高，宽面液穴壁变薄，使原本就处于拉应力状态的宽面表层拉应力增加，易引发裂纹；铸造速度过低，则可能导致侧面裂纹，或在窄面产生冷隔等缺陷；S6: Casting, when the melt flows into 70-85% of the square crystallizer, turn on electromagnetic stirring, the specific parameters are as follows: frequency 3-10Hz, current 80-100A, slowly adjust the casting speed from low to high to 60-80mm/min , Mechanical vibration 30 times/min; the casting speed determines the depth of the liquid cavity, which is a key parameter in the casting process. For flat ingots, the casting speed is too high, and the wall of the liquid cavity on the wide surface becomes thinner, making the width which is originally in a state of tensile stress The tensile stress of the surface layer increases, which is easy to cause cracks; if the casting speed is too low, it may cause side cracks or defects such as cold insulation on the narrow surface;
S7：铸锭冷却，采用结晶器水冷，同时对凝固后拔出的铸锭以一定角度喷水，进行二次冷却。结晶器水冷的优点是内部可实现“热顶铸造”，降低上端熔体凝固速率，保证及时补缩，同时有利于熔渣和气体的上浮除去。S7: The ingot is cooled by water cooling in the crystallizer. At the same time, the ingot drawn out after solidification is sprayed with water at a certain angle for secondary cooling. The advantage of water cooling of the crystallizer is that it can realize "hot top casting" inside, which reduces the solidification rate of the upper melt, ensures timely feeding, and at the same time facilitates the floating and removal of slag and gas.
优选地，所述CuFe50母合金按以下方法熔炼：Preferably, the CuFe50 master alloy is smelted according to the following method:
第一步：配料装炉，按照含量百分比为1:1的比例称取Cu、Fe原料，混合均匀后装入坩埚放至真空熔炼炉内；The first step: the ingredients are loaded into the furnace, the Cu and Fe raw materials are weighed according to the content percentage of 1:1, mixed evenly, and put into the crucible and placed in the vacuum melting furnace;
第二步：真空感应熔炼，开启机械泵、低真空挡板阀抽真空，待真空熔炼炉内P≤0.08MPa时，开启罗茨泵；当真空度抽到P≤4Pa时，加热装置功率升至20KW-30KW，保温5min-10min；加热装置加热功率升至40KW-50KW，保温5min-10min；加热装置加热功率升至60KW-70KW，待坩埚内原料上下达到均匀后，降低加热功率至20KW，缓慢向真空熔炼炉炉体内充入氩气；炉内压力升至0.08Mpa时，停止冲入氩气，升功率至70KW±5KW，精炼1min-2min；Step 2: Vacuum induction melting, turn on the mechanical pump and low vacuum baffle valve to vacuum, turn on the Roots pump when P≤0.08MPa in the vacuum melting furnace; when the vacuum is pumped to P≤4Pa, the power of the heating device will increase To 20KW-30KW, keep the temperature for 5min-10min; increase the heating power of the heating device to 40KW-50KW, keep the temperature for 5min-10min; increase the heating power of the heating device to 60KW-70KW, after the raw materials in the crucible reach a uniform level, reduce the heating power to 20KW, Slowly fill the body of the vacuum melting furnace with argon; when the pressure in the furnace rises to 0.08Mpa, stop the argon flow, increase the power to 70KW±5KW, and refine 1min-2min;
第三步：浇铸出炉，降低真空熔炼炉功率至40KW±5KW，保持0.5min开始向浇铸模具内进行浇铸，浇铸完成后关闭加热，冷却60min后出炉；The third step: casting out of the furnace, reduce the power of the vacuum melting furnace to 40KW±5KW, hold for 0.5min to start casting into the casting mold, turn off the heating after casting is completed, and cool down for 60 minutes before leaving the furnace;
此方法制备的CuFe合金，组织致密，少气孔、夹杂，无宏观、微观偏析等缺陷，保证了最后铜铁扁锭的质量。The CuFe alloy prepared by this method has a compact structure, few pores, inclusions, and no defects such as macroscopic or microscopic segregation, and ensures the quality of the final copper-iron slab.
优选地，所述覆盖剂为石英玻璃，使用量为合金重量的0.25-0.50％wt； 所述熔剂为硅酸钠和萤石的混合物，使用量为合金重量的0.32-0.45％wt。Preferably, the covering agent is quartz glass, and the usage amount is 0.25-0.50%wt of the alloy weight; the flux is a mixture of sodium silicate and fluorite, and the usage amount is 0.32-0.45%wt of the alloy weight.
优选地，S3中，熔炼期间用坩埚取样检测Fe含量，据此再加入适量的CuFe母合金，调整熔体成分直至铁含量达到目标值。Preferably, in S3, a crucible is used to sample the Fe content during smelting, and then an appropriate amount of CuFe master alloy is added accordingly, and the melt composition is adjusted until the iron content reaches the target value.
优选地，S4中，脱氧剂除气的具体步骤为铝丝脱氧、CuMg合金脱氧、出炉前加入钛丝。Preferably, in S4, the specific steps of degassing by the deoxidizer include aluminum wire deoxidation, CuMg alloy deoxidation, and addition of titanium wire before being discharged.
优选地，S6中，当熔炼炉坩埚内熔体量减少为原来的10％以下时，缓慢降低下引速度直至停止。待铸锭完全凝固后，关闭冷却水。Preferably, in S6, when the amount of melt in the crucible of the smelting furnace is reduced to less than 10% of the original value, the drawing speed is slowly reduced until it stops. After the ingot is completely solidified, turn off the cooling water.
优选地，S7中，所述铸造前将冷却水流量逐渐增加至6.0～8.0m3/h，水流量过高，冷却程度过大，易引发应力集中，形成冷隔，导致裂纹；水流量过低，铸锭冷却速率过慢，可能造成组织粗大、性能下降，或造成其他缺陷。Preferably, in S7, the cooling water flow rate is gradually increased to 6.0-8.0m3/h before casting. If the water flow rate is too high, the degree of cooling is too large, which is easy to cause stress concentration, forming a cold barrier and causing cracks; the water flow rate is too low , The cooling rate of the ingot is too slow, which may cause coarse structure, decreased performance, or other defects.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1)本发明针对铜铁合金扁锭，采用了合适的制造工艺，尤其是通过大量的工艺摸索，针对不同规格，确定了一系列非真空熔炼铸造的关键参数；(1) The present invention adopts a suitable manufacturing process for copper-iron alloy slabs, especially a series of key parameters of non-vacuum melting and casting are determined for different specifications through a large number of process explorations;
(2)本发明使用内置式结晶器电磁对铜铁熔液搅拌，增加等轴晶比例，晶粒细化，减少表面和皮下气孔，夹杂物，改善铸锭中心疏松、偏析；(2) The present invention uses a built-in crystallizer to stir the copper-iron melt electromagnetically to increase the equiaxed crystal ratio, refine the crystal grains, reduce surface and subcutaneous pores and inclusions, and improve the looseness and segregation of the ingot center;
(3)本发明制造的铜铁合金扁锭作为铜铁合金带材的轧制坯料，比常规圆锭减少了材料损耗，降低了生产成本；(3) The copper-iron alloy slab manufactured by the present invention is used as the rolling blank of the copper-iron alloy strip, which reduces the material loss and reduces the production cost compared with the conventional round ingot;
(4)本发明采用非真空下引连续铸造工艺，与传统真空熔铸工艺相比，设备要求低；同时在铸造过程中采取惰性气体保护、调整铁含量等合适的措施，有效控制了合金成分和氧含量，操作简单，稳定可靠。(4) The present invention adopts a non-vacuum down-draw continuous casting process. Compared with the traditional vacuum melting casting process, the equipment requirements are lower; at the same time, suitable measures such as inert gas protection and adjustment of iron content are adopted during the casting process, which effectively controls the alloy composition and Oxygen content, simple operation, stable and reliable.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为本发明的工艺流程图；Figure 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例1的实物图；Figure 2 is a physical diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例1的金相图。Figure 3 is a metallographic diagram of Example 1 of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
实施例1-3Example 1-3
(1)CuFe50母合金的熔炼步骤：(1) The melting steps of CuFe50 master alloy:
第一步：配料装炉，按照含量百分比为1:1的比例称取Cu、Fe原料，混合均匀后装入坩埚放至真空熔炼炉内；The first step: the ingredients are loaded into the furnace, the Cu and Fe raw materials are weighed according to the content percentage of 1:1, mixed evenly, and put into the crucible and placed in the vacuum melting furnace;
第二步：真空感应熔炼，开启机械泵、低真空挡板阀抽真空，待真空熔炼炉内P≤0.08MPa时，开启罗茨泵；当真空度抽到P≤4Pa时，加热装置功率升至20KWKW，保温5min；加热装置加热功率升至40KW，保温5min；加热装置加热功率升至60KW，待坩埚内原料上下达到均匀后，降低加热功率20KW，缓慢向真空熔炼炉炉体内充入氩气；炉内压力升至0.08Mpa时，停止冲入氩气，升功率至65KW，精炼1min；Step 2: Vacuum induction melting, turn on the mechanical pump and low vacuum baffle valve to vacuum, turn on the Roots pump when P≤0.08MPa in the vacuum melting furnace; when the vacuum is pumped to P≤4Pa, the power of the heating device will increase To 20KWKW, heat preservation for 5min; heating power of the heating device to 40KW, heat preservation for 5min; heating power of the heating device to 60KW, after the raw materials in the crucible reach a uniform level, reduce the heating power by 20KW, and slowly fill the vacuum melting furnace with argon gas ; When the pressure in the furnace rises to 0.08Mpa, stop the argon injection, increase the power to 65KW, and refine for 1min;
第三步：浇铸出炉，降低真空熔炼炉功率至35KW，保持0.5min开始向浇铸模具内进行浇铸，浇铸完成后关闭加热，冷却60min后出炉。The third step: casting out of the furnace, reduce the power of the vacuum melting furnace to 35KW, hold for 0.5 min to start casting into the casting mold, turn off the heating after casting is completed, and cool down for 60 minutes before taking out.
(2)铜铁合金扁锭的铸造步骤：(2) Casting steps of copper-iron alloy slab:
S1：配料，按照铜铁合金的组成配比，以质量百分比，准备电解铜板和Fe元素，其中Fe元素以CuFe50母合金的形式准备；S1: Ingredients, according to the composition ratio of the copper-iron alloy, prepare the electrolytic copper plate and Fe element in mass percentage, where the Fe element is prepared in the form of CuFe50 master alloy;
S2：装炉，将原料进行装炉，依次装入熔剂、CuFe50母合金、电解铜板、覆盖剂，所述覆盖剂为石英玻璃，所述熔剂为硅酸钠和萤石的混合物；S2: Load furnace, load the raw materials into the furnace, and load the flux, CuFe50 master alloy, electrolytic copper plate, and covering agent in sequence. The covering agent is quartz glass, and the flux is a mixture of sodium silicate and fluorite;
S3：熔炼，将熔炼炉温度加热至1420℃，使铜铁母合金熔化；升温进行熔化，在升温熔化过程中，要在炉口进行气体保护，熔炼期间用坩埚取样检测Fe含量，据此再加入适量的CuFe50母合金，调整熔体成分直至铁含量达到目标值；S3: Smelting, heat the temperature of the melting furnace to 1420℃ to melt the copper-iron master alloy; heat up for melting. During the temperature up and melting process, gas protection should be performed at the furnace mouth, and the crucible sample is used to detect the Fe content during melting. Add an appropriate amount of CuFe50 master alloy, adjust the melt composition until the iron content reaches the target value;
S4：精炼除气，通入氩气进行除气，铝丝脱氧、CuMg合金脱氧、出炉前加入钛丝；S4: Refining and degassing, introducing argon gas for degassing, aluminum wire deoxidation, CuMg alloy deoxidation, and titanium wire is added before the furnace is discharged;
S5：浇铸，当温度达到1300℃时开始浇铸；浇铸温度过高，则铸锭内度梯度大，热应力增大，裂纹倾向增大，同时液穴壁变薄，容易产生宽面裂纹；温度过低则熔体粘度大，流动性降低，易产生冷隔、夹渣等缺陷；S5: Casting, when the temperature reaches 1300℃, start casting; if the casting temperature is too high, the internal degree gradient of the ingot will increase, the thermal stress will increase, and the crack tendency will increase. At the same time, the liquid cavity wall becomes thinner, which is easy to produce wide-surface cracks; If it is too low, the melt viscosity will be large, the fluidity will be reduced, and defects such as cold insulation and slag inclusion will easily occur;
S6：铸造，当熔体流入方结晶器的70％时，开启电磁搅拌，具体参数如下：频率310Hz，电流80A，将铸造速度从低至高缓慢调节至60mm/min，机械振动30次/分钟；铸造速度决定液穴深度，是铸造过程中的关键参数，对于扁铸锭，铸造速度过高，宽面液穴壁变薄，使原本就处于拉应力状态的宽面表层拉应力增加，易引发裂纹；铸造速度过低，则可能导致侧面裂纹，或在窄面产生冷隔等缺陷；S6: Casting, when the melt flows into 70% of the square crystallizer, turn on electromagnetic stirring, the specific parameters are as follows: frequency 310Hz, current 80A, slowly adjust the casting speed from low to high to 60mm/min, mechanical vibration 30 times/min; The casting speed determines the depth of the liquid cavity, which is a key parameter in the casting process. For flat ingots, the casting speed is too high, and the wall of the wide surface liquid cavity becomes thinner, which increases the tensile stress of the surface layer of the wide surface which is originally in a tensile stress state, which is easy to cause Cracks; if the casting speed is too low, it may cause side cracks or defects such as cold partitions on the narrow surface;
S7：铸锭冷却，采用结晶器水冷，同时对凝固后拔出的铸锭以一定角度喷水，进行二次冷却。结晶器水冷的优点是内部可实现“热顶铸造”，降低上端熔体凝固速率，保证及时补缩，同时有利于熔渣和气体的上浮除去。所述铸造前将冷却水流量逐渐增加至6.0m 3/h，水流量过高，冷却程度过大，易引发应力集中，形成冷隔，导致裂纹；水流量过低，铸锭冷却速率过慢，可能造成组织粗大、性能下降，或造成其他缺陷。当熔炼炉坩埚内熔体量减少为原来的10％以下时，缓慢降低下引速度直至停止。待铸锭完全凝固后，关闭冷却水。 S7: The ingot is cooled by water cooling in the crystallizer. At the same time, the ingot drawn out after solidification is sprayed with water at a certain angle for secondary cooling. The advantage of water cooling of the crystallizer is that it can realize "hot top casting" inside, which reduces the solidification rate of the upper melt, ensures timely feeding, and at the same time facilitates the floating and removal of slag and gas. The cooling water flow rate is gradually increased to 6.0m 3 /h before the casting. If the water flow rate is too high, the cooling degree is too large, which is easy to cause stress concentration, forming a cold barrier and causing cracks; if the water flow rate is too low, the ingot cooling rate is too slow , May cause coarse organization, performance degradation, or other defects. When the amount of melt in the crucible of the smelting furnace is reduced to less than 10% of the original, slowly reduce the drawing speed until it stops. After the ingot is completely solidified, turn off the cooling water.
根据初始配料的不同，共制备3组实施例，其详细的配料成分铸造参数如表1-6所示，其中，实施例1所制备的铜铁扁锭实物如图2所示，金相图如图3所示，证明所制备的铜铁扁锭其结构均匀、偏析较少。According to the difference of the initial ingredients, a total of 3 sets of examples were prepared. The detailed ingredients and casting parameters of the ingredients are shown in Table 1-6. Among them, the actual copper-iron slab prepared in Example 1 is shown in Figure 2, and the metallographic diagram As shown in Figure 3, it is proved that the prepared copper-iron slab has a uniform structure and less segregation.
表1实施例1-3的配料及性能表Table 1 Ingredients and performance table of Examples 1-3
Figure PCTCN2020105554-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020105554-appb-000001
实施例4-6Example 4-6
(1)CuFe50母合金的熔炼步骤：(1) The melting steps of CuFe50 master alloy:
第一步：配料装炉，按照含量百分比为1:1的比例称取Cu、Fe原料，混合均匀后装入坩埚放至真空熔炼炉内；The first step: the ingredients are loaded into the furnace, the Cu and Fe raw materials are weighed according to the content percentage of 1:1, mixed evenly, and put into the crucible and placed in the vacuum melting furnace;
第二步：真空感应熔炼，开启机械泵、低真空挡板阀抽真空，待真空熔炼炉内P≤0.08MPa时，开启罗茨泵；当真空度抽到P≤4Pa时，加热装置功率升至30KW，保温10min；加热装置加热功率升至50KW，保温10min；加热装置加热功率升至70KW，待坩埚内原料上下达到均匀后，降低加热功率至20KW，缓慢向真空熔炼炉炉体内充入氩气；炉内压力升至0.08Mpa时，停止冲入氩气，升功率至75KW，精炼2min；Step 2: Vacuum induction melting, turn on the mechanical pump and low vacuum baffle valve to vacuum, turn on the Roots pump when P≤0.08MPa in the vacuum melting furnace; when the vacuum is pumped to P≤4Pa, the power of the heating device will increase To 30KW, keep for 10min; the heating power of the heating device is increased to 50KW, and the temperature is kept for 10min; the heating power of the heating device is increased to 70KW, after the raw materials in the crucible reach a uniform level, reduce the heating power to 20KW, and slowly fill the vacuum melting furnace with argon When the pressure in the furnace rises to 0.08Mpa, stop the argon injection, increase the power to 75KW, and refine for 2min;
第三步：浇铸出炉，降低真空熔炼炉功率至45KW，保持0.5min开始向浇铸模具内进行浇铸，浇铸完成后关闭加热，冷却60min后出炉。The third step: casting out of the furnace, reduce the power of the vacuum melting furnace to 45KW, hold for 0.5min to start casting into the casting mold, turn off the heating after the casting is completed, and cool down for 60 minutes and then leave the furnace.
(2)铜铁合金扁锭的熔炼步骤：(2) Smelting steps of copper-iron alloy slabs:
S1：配料，按照铜铁合金的组成配比，以质量百分比，准备电解铜板和Fe元素，其中Fe元素以CuFe50母合金的形式准备；S1: Ingredients, according to the composition ratio of the copper-iron alloy, prepare the electrolytic copper plate and Fe element in mass percentage, where the Fe element is prepared in the form of CuFe50 master alloy;
S2：装炉，将原料进行装炉，依次装入熔剂、CuFe50母合金、电解铜 板、覆盖剂，所述覆盖剂为石英玻璃，所述熔剂为硅酸钠和萤石的混合物；S2: Load furnace, load the raw materials into the furnace, and sequentially load flux, CuFe50 master alloy, electrolytic copper plate, and covering agent, the covering agent is quartz glass, and the flux is a mixture of sodium silicate and fluorite;
S3：熔炼，将熔炼炉温度加热至1450℃，使铜铁母合金熔化；升温进行熔化，在升温熔化过程中，要在炉口进行气体保护，熔炼期间用坩埚取样检测Fe含量，据此再加入适量的CuFe50母合金，调整熔体成分直至铁含量达到目标值；S3: Smelting, heat the temperature of the melting furnace to 1450℃ to melt the copper-iron master alloy; increase the temperature for melting, during the heating and melting process, gas protection is required at the furnace mouth, and the crucible sample is used to detect the Fe content during the smelting process. Add an appropriate amount of CuFe50 master alloy, adjust the melt composition until the iron content reaches the target value;
S4：精炼除气，通入氩气进行除气，铝丝脱氧、CuMg合金脱氧、出炉前加入钛丝；S4: Refining and degassing, introducing argon gas for degassing, aluminum wire deoxidation, CuMg alloy deoxidation, and titanium wire is added before the furnace is discharged;
S5：浇铸，当温度达到1450℃时开始浇铸；(浇铸温度过高，则铸锭内度梯度大，热应力增大，裂纹倾向增大，同时液穴壁变薄，容易产生宽面裂纹；温度过低则熔体粘度大，流动性降低，易产生冷隔、夹渣等缺陷；S5: Casting, start casting when the temperature reaches 1450℃; (If the casting temperature is too high, the inner degree gradient of the ingot will be large, the thermal stress will increase, and the crack tendency will increase. At the same time, the liquid cavity wall becomes thinner, which is easy to produce wide-surface cracks; If the temperature is too low, the melt viscosity will be high, the fluidity will be reduced, and defects such as cold insulation and slag inclusion will easily occur;
S6：铸造，当熔体流入方结晶器的85％时，开启电磁搅拌，具体参数如下：频率10Hz，电流100A，将铸造速度从低至高缓慢调节至80mm/min，机械振动30次/分钟；铸造速度决定液穴深度，是铸造过程中的关键参数，对于扁铸锭，铸造速度过高，宽面液穴壁变薄，使原本就处于拉应力状态的宽面表层拉应力增加，易引发裂纹；铸造速度过低，则可能导致侧面裂纹，或在窄面产生冷隔等缺陷；S6: Casting, when the melt flows into 85% of the square crystallizer, turn on electromagnetic stirring, the specific parameters are as follows: frequency 10Hz, current 100A, slowly adjust the casting speed from low to high to 80mm/min, mechanical vibration 30 times/min; The casting speed determines the depth of the liquid cavity, which is a key parameter in the casting process. For flat ingots, the casting speed is too high, and the wall of the wide surface liquid cavity becomes thinner, which increases the tensile stress of the surface layer of the wide surface which is originally in a tensile stress state, which is easy to cause Cracks; if the casting speed is too low, it may cause side cracks or defects such as cold partitions on the narrow surface;
S7：铸锭冷却，采用结晶器水冷，同时对凝固后拔出的铸锭以一定角度喷水，进行二次冷却。结晶器水冷的优点是内部可实现“热顶铸造”，降低上端熔体凝固速率，保证及时补缩，同时有利于熔渣和气体的上浮除去。所述铸造前将冷却水流量逐渐增加至8.0m3/h，水流量过高，冷却程度过大，易引发应力集中，形成冷隔，导致裂纹；水流量过低，铸锭冷却速率过慢，可能造成组织粗大、性能下降，或造成其他缺陷。当熔炼炉坩埚内熔体量减少为原来的10％以下时，缓慢降低下引速度直至停止。待铸锭完全凝固后，关闭冷却水。S7: The ingot is cooled by water cooling in the crystallizer. At the same time, the ingot drawn out after solidification is sprayed with water at a certain angle for secondary cooling. The advantage of water cooling of the crystallizer is that it can realize "hot top casting" inside, which reduces the solidification rate of the upper melt, ensures timely feeding, and at the same time facilitates the floating and removal of slag and gas. The cooling water flow rate is gradually increased to 8.0m3/h before the casting. If the water flow rate is too high, the cooling degree is too large, which is easy to cause stress concentration, forming a cold barrier and causing cracks; if the water flow rate is too low, the cooling rate of the ingot is too slow. May cause coarse organization, performance degradation, or other defects. When the amount of melt in the crucible of the smelting furnace is reduced to less than 10% of the original value, slowly reduce the drawing speed until it stops. After the ingot is completely solidified, turn off the cooling water.
根据初始配料的不同，共制备3组实施例，其详细的配料成分铸造参数如表2所示。According to the different initial ingredients, a total of 3 sets of examples were prepared, and the detailed ingredients casting parameters are shown in Table 2.
表2实施例4-6的配料及性能表Table 2 Ingredients and performance table of Examples 4-6
Figure PCTCN2020105554-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2020105554-appb-000002
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明实施例技术方案的精神和范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: The technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments are modified, or some of the technical features are equivalently replaced; these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (7)

  1. 一种非真空下引连铸铜铁合金扁锭的生产工艺，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：A production process for continuous casting of copper-iron alloy slabs under non-vacuum is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
    S1：配料，按照铜铁合金的预定配比，以质量百分比计，准备80％～95％的电解铜板和5％-20％的Fe元素，其中Fe元素以CuFe50母合金的形式准备；S1: Ingredients, according to the predetermined proportion of copper-iron alloy, prepare 80%-95% of electrolytic copper plate and 5%-20% of Fe element in terms of mass percentage, where Fe element is prepared in the form of CuFe50 master alloy;
    S2：装炉，将原料进行装炉，依次装入熔剂、CuFe50母合金、电解铜板、覆盖剂；S2: Load furnace, load raw materials into furnace, load flux, CuFe50 master alloy, electrolytic copper plate, and covering agent in sequence;
    S3：熔炼，将熔炼炉温度加热至1420～1450℃，使铜铁母合金熔化，在升温熔化过程中，要在炉口进行气体保护；S3: Smelting, heating the smelting furnace temperature to 1420～1450℃ to melt the copper-iron master alloy. During the heating and melting process, gas protection should be performed at the furnace mouth;
    S4：精炼除气，通入氩气进行除气，并利用脱氧剂进行脱氧；S4: Refining and degassing, introducing argon gas for degassing, and deoxidizing with deoxidizer;
    S5：浇铸，当温度达到1300-1450℃时开始浇铸；S5: Casting, start casting when the temperature reaches 1300-1450℃;
    S6：铸造，当熔体流入方结晶器的70～85％时，开启电磁搅拌，设定频率3～10Hz，电流80～100A，将铸造速度从低至高缓慢调节至60～80mm/min，机械振动30次/分钟；S6: Casting, when the melt flows into 70-85% of the square mold, turn on electromagnetic stirring, set the frequency 3-10Hz, the current 80-100A, and slowly adjust the casting speed from low to high to 60～80mm/min, mechanical Vibrate 30 times/min;
    S7：铸锭冷却，采用结晶器水冷，同时对凝固后拔出的铸锭以一定角度喷水，进行二次冷却。S7: The ingot is cooled by water cooling in the crystallizer. At the same time, the ingot drawn out after solidification is sprayed with water at a certain angle for secondary cooling.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种非真空下引连铸铜铁合金扁锭的生产工艺，其特征在于：所述CuFe50母合金按以下方法熔炼：The production process of non-vacuum continuous casting copper-iron alloy slabs according to claim 1, characterized in that: the CuFe50 master alloy is smelted in the following method:
    第一步：配料装炉，按照含量百分比为1:1的比例称取Cu、Fe原料，混合均匀后装入坩埚放至真空熔炼炉内；The first step: the ingredients are loaded into the furnace, the Cu and Fe raw materials are weighed according to the content percentage of 1:1, mixed evenly, and put into the crucible and placed in the vacuum melting furnace;
    第二步：真空感应熔炼：当真空度抽到P≤4Pa时，加热装置功率升至20KW-30KW，保温5min-10min；加热装置加热功率升至40KW-50KW，保温5min-10min；加热装置加热功率升至60KW-70KW，待坩埚内原料上下达到均匀后，降低加热功率至20KW，缓慢向真空熔炼炉炉体内充入氩气；炉 内压力升至0.08Mpa时，停止冲入氩气，升功率至70KW±5KW，精炼1min-2min；The second step: vacuum induction melting: when the vacuum is pumped to P≤4Pa, the heating device power is increased to 20KW-30KW, and the heat preservation is 5min-10min; the heating power of the heating device is increased to 40KW-50KW, and the heat preservation is 5min-10min; the heating device is heated The power is increased to 60KW-70KW. After the raw materials in the crucible reach uniform up and down, reduce the heating power to 20KW, and slowly fill the vacuum melting furnace with argon; when the pressure in the furnace rises to 0.08Mpa, stop the argon flushing and increase Power to 70KW±5KW, refining 1min-2min;
    第三步：浇铸出炉，降低真空熔炼炉功率至40KW±5KW，保持0.5min开始向浇铸模具内进行浇铸，浇铸完成后关闭加热，冷却60min后出炉。The third step: casting out of the furnace, reduce the power of the vacuum melting furnace to 40KW±5KW, hold for 0.5min to start casting into the casting mold, turn off the heating after the casting is completed, and cool down for 60 minutes before leaving the furnace.
  3. 据权利要求1所述的一种非真空下引连铸铜铁合金扁锭的生产工艺，其特征在于：所述覆盖剂为石英玻璃，使用量为合金重量的0.25-0.50％wt；所述熔剂为硅酸钠和萤石的混合物，使用量为合金重量的0.32-0.45％wt。The production process of non-vacuum continuous casting of copper-iron alloy slabs according to claim 1, characterized in that: the covering agent is quartz glass, and the usage amount is 0.25-0.50%wt of the alloy weight; the flux It is a mixture of sodium silicate and fluorite, and the usage amount is 0.32-0.45%wt of the alloy weight.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种非真空下引连铸铜铁合金扁锭的生产工艺，其特征在于：S3中，熔炼期间用坩埚取样检测Fe含量，据此再加入适量的CuFe母合金，调整熔体成分直至铁含量达到目标值。The production process of non-vacuum continuous casting of copper-iron alloy slabs according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S3, a crucible is used to sample the Fe content during smelting, and an appropriate amount of CuFe master alloy is added accordingly to adjust Melt composition until the iron content reaches the target value.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种非真空下引连铸铜铁合金扁锭的生产工艺，其特征在于：S4中，脱氧剂除气的具体步骤为铝丝脱氧、CuMg合金脱氧、出炉前加入钛丝。The production process of non-vacuum continuous casting copper-iron alloy slabs according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S4, the specific steps of deoxidizer degassing include aluminum wire deoxidation, CuMg alloy deoxidation, and addition of titanium before discharge. wire.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种非真空下引连铸铜铁合金扁锭的生产工艺，其特征在于：S6中，当熔炼炉坩埚内熔体量减少为原来的10％以下时，缓慢降低下引速度直至停止；待铸锭完全凝固后，关闭冷却水。The production process of non-vacuum continuous casting of copper-iron alloy slabs according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S6, when the amount of melt in the crucible of the smelting furnace is reduced to less than 10% of the original, the lower Lead the speed until it stops; when the ingot is completely solidified, turn off the cooling water.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种非真空下引连铸铜铁合金扁锭的生产工艺，其特征在于：S7中，所述铸造前将冷却水流量逐渐增加至6.0～8.0m 3/h。 The production process of non-vacuum continuous casting of copper-iron alloy slabs according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S7, the cooling water flow rate is gradually increased to 6.0-8.0 m 3 /h before casting.
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