WO2021012867A1 - 一种低气压条件下高强珊瑚骨料混凝土的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种低气压条件下高强珊瑚骨料混凝土的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2021012867A1
WO2021012867A1 PCT/CN2020/098037 CN2020098037W WO2021012867A1 WO 2021012867 A1 WO2021012867 A1 WO 2021012867A1 CN 2020098037 W CN2020098037 W CN 2020098037W WO 2021012867 A1 WO2021012867 A1 WO 2021012867A1
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mixing
cement
sealing cover
coral
coral aggregate
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PCT/CN2020/098037
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王磊
余大鹏
易金
陈平
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桂林理工大学
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Priority to US17/256,770 priority Critical patent/US11840483B2/en
Publication of WO2021012867A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021012867A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/14—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by simple casting, the material being neither forcibly fed nor positively compacted
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
    • B28C5/08—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions using driven mechanical means affecting the mixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
    • B28C5/46—Arrangements for applying super- or sub-atmospheric pressure during mixing; Arrangements for cooling or heating during mixing, e.g. by introducing vapour
    • B28C5/462—Mixing at sub- or super-atmospheric pressure
    • B28C5/464—Mixing at sub- or super-atmospheric pressure at sub-atmospheric pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C04B14/26—Carbonates
    • C04B14/28—Carbonates of calcium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/08—Slag cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/30—Water reducers, plasticisers, air-entrainers, flow improvers
    • C04B2103/32—Superplasticisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/50—Defoamers, air detrainers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of construction engineering materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of high-strength coral aggregate concrete under low air pressure conditions.
  • the all-coral concrete prepared by using coral fragments as aggregate and seawater instead of fresh water is of great significance for reducing the construction cost of remote islands and reefs and shortening the construction period.
  • some special islands and reefs have higher requirements for the performance of coral concrete, especially the strength.
  • due to the many internal voids and defects in the coral aggregate, and the low strength of the aggregate itself there are also a large number of open pores on the surface of the coral aggregate, the surface is rough, the water demand is large, and the fluidity of low water cement is too low compared to coral concrete, which is not suitable The compactness of the molding results in a decrease in strength.
  • coral concrete prepared by conventional methods often has the disadvantages of low density, small elastic modulus, high porosity, and low strength. It is difficult to prepare high-strength coral concrete by means of aggregate surface treatment and lower water-binder ratio. The strength improvement effect is limited, and the further development and application of coral concrete is greatly restricted.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing high-strength coral aggregate concrete under low air pressure conditions.
  • step (1) The cement and mineral admixture weighed in step (1) are mixed uniformly to prepare a cementitious material.
  • step (3) Put the coral aggregate, mixing water, water reducing agent, defoaming agent weighed in step (1) and 55-85% of the mass of the cement material obtained in step (2) into the setting of step (3)
  • test piece poured in step (4) was removed from the mold after 24 hours, and placed in room temperature mixed water for curing for 28 days to obtain high-strength coral aggregate concrete.
  • the cement is commonly used in engineering, specifically general Portland cement, special Portland cement or aluminate cement, wherein general Portland cement is Portland cement, ordinary Portland cement, slag Portland cement , Pozzolanic Portland cement, fly ash Portland cement or composite Portland cement.
  • the mineral admixture is one or more of fly ash, silica fume, slag powder, steel slag powder, phosphorous slag powder and quartz powder.
  • the coral aggregate is natural or artificially crushed coral debris with a maximum particle size range of less than 10 mm, and one or several intermittent or continuous gradation ranges are selected.
  • the mixed water is fresh water, desalinated seawater or seawater.
  • the water reducing agent is one or more of lignin-based, naphthalene-based and resin-based superplasticizers.
  • the defoaming agent is one or more of the commonly used defoaming agents of silicone type and polyether type.
  • the instrument includes a vacuum gauge but is not limited to a vacuum gauge.
  • the low pressure is less than 1 atmosphere, including a vacuum or an approximate vacuum state.
  • the high-strength coral aggregate concrete of the present invention can be used for the engineering construction of various types of concrete on ocean islands and reefs.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The method of stirring under low air pressure conditions is beneficial to the opening of coral aggregates and the discharge of air in the cementing material, and at the same time promoting the cementing material to fill the coral bones Material pores (voids); (2) The method of adding the cementing material in batches and mixing, first add most of the cementing material, at this time, the higher water glue can ensure the cement slurry has good fluidity, and the open pores of the coral aggregate After the air is discharged to the negative pressure, the cement slurry or smaller coral powder can fill the open pores of the coral aggregate, thereby reducing the internal defects of the coral aggregate, and at the same time, it can effectively prevent the cementing material from being too viscous and flowing when the water-to-binder ratio is low.
  • the low performance is difficult to penetrate into the open pores of coral aggregates, which makes the fresh coral concrete appear more serious "agglomeration"; after that, the remaining part of the cementing material is added to absorb the excess water in the cement slurry, reduce the water-cement ratio, and enhance the interface strength. After hardening, the porosity of coral concrete is greatly reduced, and the strength and impermeability are significantly improved; (3) The incorporation of defoamer can effectively reduce the air in the open pores of coral aggregates and stay in the cementing material after being discharged under low air pressure.
  • the number of bubbles formed in the hydration product with a diameter of 2 to 5 mm greatly reduces the porosity of the coral concrete after hardening; (4)
  • the present invention optimizes the components of the coral concrete and grading the particle size of the coral aggregate Make adjustments to further strengthen the interface strength between coral aggregate and cement hydration products, and finally the mechanical indicators of coral concrete are significantly improved.
  • the strength of the coral aggregate concrete of the present invention is greatly improved, and can reach the strength level of C80 ⁇ C100 and above.
  • the 28-day compressive strength is increased by 30%
  • the flexural strength is increased by more than 25%.
  • the coral concrete prepared by the present invention meets the strength requirements of high-strength concrete and can meet the requirements of high-strength concrete in civil concrete engineering.
  • the high-strength coral aggregate concrete of the present invention can reduce the porosity of the high-strength coral aggregate concrete to 4-10%, which is only 20-40% of that of ordinary coral concrete, and its impermeability and durability are even.
  • Significant improvement; the high-strength coral aggregate concrete of the present invention can be mainly used for various concrete projects in the construction of ocean islands and reefs, and meets the requirements of green and economical civil engineering; the preparation method is simple in process, easy to operate, and meets the requirements of engineering
  • the technical requirements for concrete have obvious technical and economic benefits.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vacuum concrete sealed mixing system in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a detachable sealing cover used in an embodiment of the present invention
  • a method for preparing high-strength coral aggregate concrete under low air pressure conditions is provided.
  • the weight ratio of raw materials per cubic meter is:
  • Cement 960 kg, 840 kg, and 720 kg are Portland cement with the label P ⁇ II 52.5R.
  • Silica fume is 0 kg, 120 kg, 240 kg, with an average particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m and a surface area of 15-20m 2 /g.
  • fly ash which is grade II fly ash, has a density of 2700 kg/m 3 , a surface area of 450 m 2 /kg, a loss on ignition of 3.5%, and a water demand of 95%.
  • the defoaming agent is 4.8 kg, which is a polyether modified silicone defoaming agent.
  • step (1) Put the coral aggregate, mixed water, water reducing agent, defoamer and 70% of the cement material obtained in step (2) in step (1) into the vacuum concrete set in step (3).
  • close the detachable sealing cover 4 open the stop valve 6 valve port, start the vacuum pump 2 to form a low air pressure in the mixing drum 1, and then close the stop valve 6 valve port to stop vacuuming.
  • test piece poured in step (4) was removed from the mold after 24 hours, and placed in seawater at room temperature for 28 days to cure to obtain high-strength coral aggregate concrete.
  • the coral aggregate concrete prepared in this example has good workability and meets the technical requirements of the project for concrete; it can reach the strength level of C85 ⁇ C100 and above. Compared with the current public information, the strength of coral concrete is mostly 20 ⁇ 50MPa. The strength of the coral aggregate concrete prepared in the examples is greatly improved. According to the definition of "Technical Regulations for High-Strength Concrete Application” (JGJ/T 281-2012), the coral concrete prepared by the present invention meets the strength requirements of high-strength concrete and can meet the needs of civil concrete engineering.
  • the demand for high-strength concrete can also meet the requirements of concrete strength for protection projects; the porosity of the coral aggregate concrete prepared in this example is reduced to 5.10-6.17%, which is only 20-30% of ordinary coral concrete, and its impermeability , Durability performance is significantly improved.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)

Abstract

一种低气压条件下高强珊瑚骨料混凝土的制备方法，包括将水泥、矿物掺和料、珊瑚骨料、拌合水，以及减水剂和消泡剂取料；将水泥和矿物掺合料混合均匀，制得胶结材料，将珊瑚骨料、海水、减水剂、消泡剂和55～85％的胶结材料放进密闭搅拌***中，在低气压条件下搅拌10～15分钟，再将剩余的胶结材料放进搅拌***中继续搅拌10～15分钟，制得高强珊瑚骨料混凝土。所得珊瑚骨料混凝土具有力学性能指标高，密实度高，抗渗性和耐久性良好等优点，兼具远海岛礁建设工程就地取材、资源最大化利用等优点。

Description

一种低气压条件下高强珊瑚骨料混凝土的制备方法
本申请要求于2019年07月24日提交中国专利局、申请号为CN201910673815.9、发明名称为“一种低气压条件下高强珊瑚骨料混凝土的制备方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于建筑工程材料技术领域，特别涉及一种低气压条件下高强珊瑚骨料混凝土的制备方法。
背景技术
在不破坏当地生态环境以及资源利用最大化的情况下，以珊瑚碎屑作为骨料、海水代替淡水配制而成的全珊瑚混凝土，对于降低远海岛礁建设成本，缩短工期具有重要意义。随着海洋岛礁的基础建设以及军事防护工程建设日渐完善，一些特殊的岛礁工程建设对珊瑚混凝土性能尤其是强度有着更高要求。然而，由于珊瑚骨料内部空隙、缺陷多，且骨料自身强度低，同时，珊瑚骨料表面也存在大量开放孔隙，表面粗糙、需水量大，低水胶比珊瑚混凝土流动性过低，不宜成型密实造成强度下降。因此，常规方法配制的珊瑚混凝土往往存在密实度低、弹性模量小、孔隙率高、强度偏低等缺点，采用骨料表面处理、降低水胶比等手段配制高强度珊瑚混凝土比较困难，且强度提升效果有限，珊瑚混凝土进一步的发展应用受到了很大限制。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种低气压条件下高强珊瑚骨料混凝土的制备方法。
具体步骤为：
(1)按照以下重量份称取原料：水泥20～45份、矿物掺和料5～18份、珊瑚骨料45～58份、拌合水10～16份，以及减水剂和消泡剂，其中减水剂重量为水泥和矿物掺和料重量之和的2～5％，消泡剂重量为水泥和矿物掺和料重量之和的2～6％。
(2)将步骤(1)称取的水泥和矿物掺合料混合均匀，制得胶结材料。
(3)设置一套混凝土密闭搅拌***，该***包括搅拌筒、真空泵、搅拌电机、可拆卸密封盖、仪表器、止气阀、搅拌片、手动搅拌旋转把手和可拆卸插销，其中可拆卸密封盖上设置有手动搅拌旋转把手、管道接口和仪表器接口，真空泵通过带有止气阀的管道连接至可拆卸密封盖的管道接口，仪表器安装在可拆卸密封盖的仪表器接口上，用于实时测量搅拌筒内的状态，搅拌电机连接搅拌片，用于控制电动搅拌，可拆卸密封盖与搅拌筒的连接采用可拆卸插销连接。
(4)将步骤(1)称取的珊瑚骨料、拌合水、减水剂、消泡剂和步骤(2)制得的胶结材料质量的55～85％放进步骤(3)设置的混凝土密闭搅拌***的搅拌筒中，关闭可拆卸密封盖，打开止气阀阀口，启动真空泵，使搅拌筒内形成低气压状态，然后关闭止气阀阀口，停止抽真空，启动搅拌电机搅拌10～15分钟，然后关闭搅拌电机、停止搅拌，打开止气阀，打开可拆卸密封盖，将步骤(2)制得的剩余的胶结材料全部倒入搅拌筒内，关闭可拆卸密封盖，打开止气阀阀口，启动真空泵，使搅拌筒内形成低气压状态，然后关闭止气阀阀口，停止抽真空，启动搅拌电机搅拌10～15分钟，然后关闭搅拌电机、停止搅拌，打开止气阀，打开可拆卸密封盖，最后浇筑试件。
(5)将步骤(4)浇筑的试件在24小时后拆模，放置于常温拌合水中养护28天，即制得高强珊瑚骨料混凝土。
所述水泥为工程常用水泥，具体为通用硅酸盐水泥、特种硅酸盐水泥或铝酸盐水泥，其中通用硅酸盐水泥为硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥、矿渣硅酸盐水泥、火山灰质硅酸盐水泥、粉煤灰硅酸盐水泥或复合硅酸盐水泥。
所述矿物掺和料为粉煤灰、硅灰、矿渣粉、钢渣粉、磷渣粉和石英粉中的一种或多种。
所述珊瑚骨料为天然或人工破碎，且最大粒径范围小于10mm的珊瑚碎屑，选用一种或几种级配范围的间断或者连续级配。
所述拌合水为淡水、淡化海水或者海水。
所述减水剂为木质素系、萘系和树脂系高效减水剂中的一种或多种。
所述消泡剂为有机硅类、聚醚类常用消泡剂中的一种或多种。
所述仪表器包括真空表但不限于真空表。
所述低气压为低于1个大气压，包括真空或近似真空状态。
本发明的高强珊瑚骨料混凝土能够用于海洋岛礁及海岸各类混凝土的工程建设。
与传统技术相比较，本发明具有如下的有益效果：(1)采用在低气压条件下进行搅拌的方法，有利于珊瑚骨料开放空隙及胶结材料中的空气排出，同时促进胶结材料填充珊瑚骨料孔(空)隙；(2)分批加入胶结材料搅拌的方法，先加入大部分胶结材料，此时，水胶比较高可保证水泥浆具有良好的流动性，在珊瑚骨料开放孔隙中的空气向负压排出后，水泥浆或更细小的珊瑚粉末得以填充珊瑚骨料的开放孔隙，进而减少珊瑚骨料内部缺陷，同时，能有效避免低水胶比时胶结材料过于粘稠、流动性低难以渗入珊瑚骨料开放孔隙中使新拌珊瑚混凝土出现较为严重的“聚团”现象；之后，再加入剩余部分胶结材料，吸收水泥浆中多余水分，降低水灰比，增强界面强度，硬化后珊瑚混凝土孔隙率大幅减小，强度和抗渗性均得到显著提高；(3)消泡剂的掺入能有效减少珊瑚骨料开放孔隙的空气在低气压条件下排出后滞留在胶结材料水化产物中所形成的2～5mm直径气泡数量，使得硬化后珊瑚混凝土孔隙率大幅下降；(4)此外，本发明通过对珊瑚混凝土的组分进行优化，以及对珊瑚骨料粒径级配进行调整，进一步强化珊瑚骨料与胶结材料水化产物界面强度，最终使珊瑚混凝土的力学指标得到显著提高。
本发明的优点：本发明的珊瑚骨料混凝土的强度大幅提高，能够达到C80～C100及以上强度等级，与在大气环境下搅拌的高强珊瑚骨料混凝土相比，28天抗压强度提升30％以上，抗折强度提升25％以上，根据《高强混凝土应用技术规程》(JGJ/T 281-2012)定义，本发明制备的珊瑚混凝土达到高强混凝土的强度要求，能够满足民用混凝土工程中对高强混凝土的需求，同时能满足防护工程对混凝土强度的要求；本发明的高强珊瑚骨料混凝土孔隙率降低到4～10％，仅为普通珊瑚混凝土的20～40％，其抗渗性能、耐久性能均大幅提高；本发明的高强珊瑚骨料混凝土可主要用于海洋岛礁及海岸建设中的各类混凝土工程，符合土木工程绿色化、经济化 的要求；该制备方法工艺简单、易操作，满足工程对混凝土的技术要求，具有明显的技术经济效益。
说明书附图
图1为本发明实施例中真空混凝土密闭搅拌***的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例中使用的可拆卸密封盖的结构示意图；
图中标记：1-搅拌筒；2-真空泵；3-搅拌电机；4-可拆卸密封盖；5-真空表；6-止气阀；7-搅拌片；8-手动搅拌旋转把手；9-可拆卸插销。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明进一步说明。
以下实施例有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明，但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是，对本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例：
一种低气压条件下高强珊瑚骨料混凝土的制备方法。
一、原材料每立方米重量配合比为：
珊瑚骨料1440千克，细度模数为2.6，其粒径级配为2.36～4.75mm占比7.66％，1.18～2.36mm占比10.3％，0.6～1.18mm占比34.25％，0.3～0.6mm占比39.36％，0.15～0.3mm占比7.3％，小于0.15的珊瑚粉末占比1.2％。
水泥960千克、840千克、720千克，为标号P·Ⅱ 52.5R的硅酸盐水泥。
硅灰0千克、120千克、240千克，平均粒径为0.1μm，表面积为15～20m 2/g。
粉煤灰240千克，为Ⅱ级粉煤灰，其密度为2700kg/m 3，表比面积450m 2/kg，烧失量为3.5％，需水量为95％。
海水360千克，按照南海海水成分用海盐配制而成。
减水剂4.8千克，减水率为20％的聚羧酸系高性能减水剂。
消泡剂4.8千克，为聚醚改性有机硅消泡剂。
二、真空条件下制备高强珊瑚骨料混凝土的具体步骤为：
(1)按照上述成分要求称取所有原料，备用。
(2)将水泥和矿物掺合料混合均匀，制得胶结材料，备用。
(3)设置一套真空混凝土密闭搅拌***，该***包括搅拌筒1、真空泵2、搅拌电机3、可拆卸密封盖4、真空表5、止气阀6、搅拌片7、手动搅拌旋转把手8和可拆卸插销9，其中可拆卸密封盖4上设置有手动搅拌旋转把手8、管道接口和仪表器接口，真空泵2通过带有止气阀6的管道连接至可拆卸密封盖4的管道接口，真空表5安装在可拆卸密封盖4的仪表器接口上，用于实时测量搅拌筒内的真空度，搅拌电机3连接搅拌片7，用于控制电动搅拌，可拆卸密封盖4与搅拌筒1的连接采用可拆卸插销9连接。
(4)将步骤(1)称取的珊瑚骨料、拌合水、减水剂、消泡剂和步骤(2)制得的胶结材料的70％放进步骤(3)设置的真空混凝土密闭搅拌***的搅拌筒1中，关闭可拆卸密封盖4，打开止气阀6阀口，启动真空泵2，使搅拌筒1内形成低气压状态，然后关闭止气阀6阀口，停止抽真空，启动搅拌电机3搅拌10～15分钟，然后关闭搅拌电机3、停止搅拌，打开止气阀6，打开可拆卸密封盖4，将步骤(2)制得的胶结材料的剩余30％全部倒入搅拌筒1内，关闭可拆卸密封盖4，打开止气阀6阀口，启动真空泵2，使搅拌筒1内形成低气压状态，然后关闭止气阀6阀口，停止抽真空，启动搅拌电机3搅拌10～15分钟，然后关闭搅拌电机3、停止搅拌，打开止气阀6，打开可拆卸密封盖4，最后浇筑150mm×150mm×150mm立方体抗压试件和100mm×100mm×400mm棱柱体抗折试件。
(5)将步骤(4)浇筑的试件在24小时后拆模，放置于常温海水中养护28天，即制得高强珊瑚骨料混凝土。
测试本实施例制得的高强珊瑚骨料混凝土试件的抗压强度、抗折强度以及孔隙率，结果见表1。
表1高强珊瑚骨料混凝土检测结果
水泥/kg 硅灰/kg 抗压强度/MPa 抗折强度/MPa 孔隙率/％
960 0 89.77 10.4 6.17
840 120 112.20 11.1 5.37
720 240 108.30 10.3 5.13
本实施例制备的珊瑚骨料混凝土具备良好的和易性，满足工程对混凝土的技术要求；能够达到C85～C100及以上强度等级，与目前公开资料珊瑚混凝土强度大多为20～50MPa相比，本实施例制备的珊瑚骨料混凝土强度大幅提高，根据《高强混凝土应用技术规程》(JGJ/T 281-2012)定义，本发明制备的珊瑚混凝土达到高强混凝土的强度要求，能够满足民用混凝土工程中对高强混凝土的需求，同时能满足防护工程对混凝土强度的要求；本实施例制备的珊瑚骨料混凝土的孔隙率降低到5.10～6.17％，仅为普通珊瑚混凝土的20～30％，其抗渗性能、耐久性能均显著提高。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (1)

  1. 一种低气压条件下高强珊瑚骨料混凝土的制备方法，其特征在于具体步骤为：
    (1)按照以下重量份称取原料：水泥20～45份、矿物掺和料5～18份、珊瑚骨料45～58份、拌合水10～16份，以及减水剂和消泡剂，其中减水剂重量为水泥和矿物掺和料重量之和的2～5％，消泡剂重量为水泥和矿物掺和料重量之和的2～6％；
    (2)将步骤(1)称取的水泥和矿物掺合料混合均匀，制得胶结材料；
    (3)设置一套混凝土密闭搅拌***，该***包括搅拌筒、真空泵、搅拌电机、可拆卸密封盖、仪表器、止气阀、搅拌片、手动搅拌旋转把手和可拆卸插销，其中可拆卸密封盖上设置有手动搅拌旋转把手、管道接口和仪表器接口，真空泵通过带有止气阀的管道连接至可拆卸密封盖的管道接口，仪表器安装在可拆卸密封盖的仪表器接口上，用于实时测量搅拌筒内的状态，搅拌电机连接搅拌片，用于控制电动搅拌，可拆卸密封盖与搅拌筒的连接采用可拆卸插销连接；
    (4)将步骤(1)称取的珊瑚骨料、拌合水、减水剂、消泡剂和步骤(2)制得的胶结材料质量的55～85％放进步骤(3)设置的混凝土密闭搅拌***的搅拌筒中，关闭可拆卸密封盖，打开止气阀阀口，启动真空泵，使搅拌筒内形成低气压状态，然后关闭止气阀阀口，停止抽真空，启动搅拌电机搅拌10～15分钟，然后关闭搅拌电机、停止搅拌，打开止气阀，打开可拆卸密封盖，将步骤(2)制得的剩余的胶结材料全部倒入搅拌筒内，关闭可拆卸密封盖，打开止气阀阀口，启动真空泵，使搅拌筒内形成低气压状态，然后关闭止气阀阀口，停止抽真空，启动搅拌电机搅拌10～15分钟，然后关闭搅拌电机、停止搅拌，打开止气阀，打开可拆卸密封盖，最后浇筑试件；
    (5)将步骤(4)浇筑的试件在24小时后拆模，放置于常温拌合水中养护28天，即制得高强珊瑚骨料混凝土；
    所述水泥为工程常用水泥，具体为通用硅酸盐水泥、特种硅酸盐水泥或铝酸盐水泥，其中通用硅酸盐水泥为硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥、矿 渣硅酸盐水泥、火山灰质硅酸盐水泥、粉煤灰硅酸盐水泥或复合硅酸盐水泥；
    所述矿物掺和料为粉煤灰、硅灰、矿渣粉、钢渣粉、磷渣粉和石英粉中的一种或多种；
    所述珊瑚骨料为天然或人工破碎，且最大粒径范围小于10mm的珊瑚碎屑，选用一种或几种级配范围的间断或者连续级配；
    所述拌合水为淡水、淡化海水或者海水；
    所述减水剂为木质素系、萘系和树脂系高效减水剂中的一种或多种；
    所述消泡剂为有机硅类、聚醚类常用消泡剂中的一种或多种；
    所述仪表器包括真空表但不限于真空表；
    所述低气压为低于1个大气压，包括真空或近似真空状态。
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