WO2021008474A1 - Solar cell and photovoltaic module - Google Patents

Solar cell and photovoltaic module Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021008474A1
WO2021008474A1 PCT/CN2020/101553 CN2020101553W WO2021008474A1 WO 2021008474 A1 WO2021008474 A1 WO 2021008474A1 CN 2020101553 W CN2020101553 W CN 2020101553W WO 2021008474 A1 WO2021008474 A1 WO 2021008474A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transition
solar cell
battery
main
grid line
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PCT/CN2020/101553
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张国明
陶爱兵
Original Assignee
苏州携创新能源科技有限公司
无锡鼎森茂科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2021008474A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021008474A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/02002—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations
    • H01L31/02005—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations for device characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/02008—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations for device characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells or solar cell modules
    • H01L31/0201—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations for device characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells or solar cell modules comprising specially adapted module bus-bar structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0224—Electrodes
    • H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • H01L31/022433—Particular geometry of the grid contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
    • H01L31/0504—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module
    • H01L31/0508—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module the interconnection means having a particular shape
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the embodiment of the present invention relates to the field of photovoltaics, in particular to a solar cell and a photovoltaic module.
  • the existing conventional photovoltaic modules use whole or half cells, and the cells are connected in series, and the circuit is protected by 3 diodes. Each diode protects two strings of cells. When the cells are blocked or the circuit occurs When damaged, the diode works and separates the corresponding two battery strings.
  • the actual power generation of the photovoltaic module is only 1/3 of the design, which seriously affects the actual power generation.
  • the hotspot of module design in the market is the shingled module technology product without welding ribbon.
  • the advantage of shingled products is indeed that the conversion efficiency of the module is very high, but the biggest short board of the shingled without solder ribbon on the surface is the hidden crack of the photovoltaic module to the cell, especially the hidden crack in the vertical direction of the string. If the hidden crack extends, the most Bad can cause the entire battery string to fail, and the entire photovoltaic module is scrapped. This design flaw greatly limits the true large-scale use of products, and the cost of shingles is also high.
  • Shingled module technology products without solder ribbon on the surface are prone to cell cracks, especially vertical cracks in the longitudinal direction of the string. If the cracks extend, the entire cell string will fail at worst and the photovoltaic module will be scrapped as a whole.
  • a solar cell sheet comprising a silicon sheet layer, a front silver paste layer on the front side of the silicon sheet layer, and a back silver paste layer on the back side of the silicon sheet layer;
  • the front silver paste layer includes main grid lines and fine grid lines constituting the main current region, and transition grid lines and fine grid lines constituting the transition current region, each of the transition grid lines is connected to at least one of the main grid lines respectively. Wire connection; the thin gate lines of the main current area are respectively connected to the main gate lines; the thin gate lines of the transition current area are respectively connected to the transition gate lines.
  • a further technical solution is that the width of the transition gate line decreases from an end connected to the main gate line to an end far away from the main gate line.
  • transition gate line has an irregular shape.
  • a further technical solution is that the thin gate lines in the transition current region are linear.
  • a further technical solution is that the thin grid lines in the transition current region are arc-shaped.
  • the solar cell slice is 1/2 slice, 1/3 slice, 1/4 slice, 1/5 slice, 1/6 slice, 1/7 slice, or 1 /8 slice or 1/9 slice or 1/10 slice or 1/12 slice.
  • a further technical solution is that the width of the transition gate line is larger than the width of the thin gate line and smaller than the width of the main gate line.
  • a further technical solution is that the width of the thin grid lines in the front silver paste layer is 0.01 mm to 0.06 mm, and the width of the main grid lines is 0.3 mm to 0.8 mm.
  • a further technical solution is that, in the transition current zone, a number of transition gate lines are connected at positions other than the ends on part of the transition gate lines, or each transition gate line is also connected at positions other than the ends There are several transition gate lines, and the number of other transition gate lines connected to each transition gate line is the same or different.
  • a photovoltaic module comprising a front panel, a cell sheet layer, a back panel and an adhesive film layer, and the front panel, the cell layer and the back panel are bonded into a whole through the adhesive film layer;
  • the battery sheet layer includes M battery plates, the two ends of the M battery plates are connected by bus bars to form a series structure, and each battery plate includes N battery strings, M ⁇ 1 and N ⁇ 1, the same The two ends of the N battery strings in a battery plate block are connected by bus bars to form a parallel structure.
  • Each battery string includes K solar cells, and each solar cell uses the solar cell disclosed in this application, The K solar cells are arranged in sequence and connected in series by inter-chip interconnecting strips to form a battery string, each of the inter-chip interconnecting strips covers the main grid lines in two adjacent solar cells but does not cover the transition grid lines, K is Integer.
  • a further technical solution is that the projection areas of two adjacent solar cell sheets in the battery string do not overlap or overlap.
  • a further technical solution is that the solar cells in the N battery strings in each battery block are also connected by L inter-string interconnecting bars to form a parallel structure, where L is an integer, and each battery block is A protection diode is connected between the two inter-string interconnecting bars, and/or a protection diode is connected between the bus bar and the inter-string interconnecting bar.
  • each of the protection diodes is built into the battery slice layer, or is arranged outside the battery slice layer and is electrically connected to the battery slice layer.
  • the main current area and the transition current area are provided on the silver paste layer on the front of the solar cell.
  • the main current area includes thin grid lines and main grid lines.
  • the transition current area includes transition grid lines and thin grid lines. There is no main grid line in the transition current area.
  • the current from the transition current area flows into the main current area.
  • the current is relatively small.
  • the current in the transition current area flows into the main current area through the transition gate line.
  • the bus bar reduces the length of the bus bar, increases the light-receiving area of the solar cell, reduces the amount of silver paste, and improves the power generation efficiency of the solar cell.
  • Multiple solar cells are connected in series through inter-chip interconnecting strips to form a battery string.
  • the battery strings are connected in parallel to form an independent battery block.
  • Single cell blocks or multiple battery blocks in series can be used to form a cell layer to form a photovoltaic module, which can improve the photovoltaic module.
  • High power generation efficiency, lower photovoltaic module material costs, low requirements on photovoltaic module process, can realize fully automated unmanned operation, improve production efficiency, and increase the yield of photovoltaic modules.
  • Each independent battery block can also be equipped with multiple inter-string interconnecting bars, and connecting protection diodes between the inter-string interconnecting bars and between the inter-string interconnecting bars and the bus bars.
  • Each diode corresponds to a diode segmentation area. Isolate the diode segment corresponding to the shaded area to ensure normal power generation in other areas, thereby improving the performance of the entire photovoltaic module and increasing power generation efficiency.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the connection between a main gate line and a transition gate line according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the connection of a transition gate line according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the connection of another transition gate line according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 5 is a partial front view of a photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 6 is a front partial schematic view showing another photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 7 is a partial front view of another photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 8 is a partial front view of another photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 9 is a partial front view of another photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • Fig. 10 is a front partial schematic diagram showing another photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 11 is a partial front view of another photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 12 is a front partial schematic diagram showing another photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 13 is a partial front view of another photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 14 is a front partial schematic diagram showing another photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 15 is a partial front view of another photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Figure 16 is a partially enlarged structural view of the structure shown in Figure 15;
  • Fig. 17 is a partial schematic side view showing a photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 18 is a partial schematic side view showing a battery string according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 19 is a partial schematic side view showing another battery string according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 20 is a structural diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 21 is a structural diagram showing another photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 22 is a structural diagram of another photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a solar cell sheet, which includes a silicon sheet layer, a front silver paste layer on the front side of the silicon sheet layer, and a back silver paste layer on the back side of the silicon sheet layer.
  • the front silver paste layer includes main grid lines 11 and fine grid lines 12 constituting the main current region 10, and transition gate lines 21 and fine grid lines 22 constituting the transition current region 20.
  • Each transition grid line 21 is connected to at least one bus grid line 11, and one end of each bus grid line 11 is connected to at least one transition grid line 21.
  • the end of the main gate line 11 close to the transition current area 20 is connected to the transition gate line 21, and the end of the main gate line 11 far away from the transition current area 10 is not connected to the transition gate line 21.
  • each bus bar 11 is connected to five transition grid lines 21, as shown in Figure 1, Figure 5, Figure 6, and Figure 7; one end of each bus line 11 is connected to three transition grid lines 21 8 and 10; one end of each main grid line 11 is connected to two transition grid lines 21, as shown in Figure 9.
  • the drawings in this application are merely illustrative, and the number of transition grid lines in the solar cell is not limited.
  • the thin gate lines 12 of the main current region 10 are respectively connected to the main gate lines 11.
  • the thin gate lines 22 of the transition current zone 20 are respectively connected to the transition gate lines 21, wherein one side of the transition gate line 21 adjacent to the main current zone 10 is connected to the thin gate lines 22 in the transition current zone 20 and is not connected to the current Both sides of the transition gate lines adjacent to the region 10 are connected to the thin gate lines 22 in the transition current region 20.
  • the included angle between the thin gate line 22 of the transition current region 20 and the transition gate line 21 can be determined according to actual needs, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Each of the fine grid lines in the main current area 10 and the transition current area 20 is used to collect the current generated by the solar cell after receiving light, and each of the thin grid lines 22 in the transition current area 20 is used to deliver the collected current to the connected transition grid.
  • Line 21 each transition gate line 21 is used to collect the current on the thin gate line 22 connected to the transition gate line 21 and deliver the collected current to the connected main gate line 11.
  • Each of the fine gate lines 12 of the main current area 10 is used to deliver the collected current to the connected main gate line 11, and the main gate line 11 is used to collect the current of each fine gate line 12 and each transition gate line 21 connected to it.
  • the width of the transition gate line 21 decreases from the end connected to the main gate line 11 to the end away from the main gate line 11, as shown in FIG. 2; in this case, the transition gate line 21 is linear .
  • the transition gate line 21 has an irregular shape, such as a curve shape or a broken line shape. All the transition gate lines 21 in the transition current region 20 have the same shape, or some of the transition gate lines 21 have the same shape, and some of the transition gate lines 21 have different shapes, or the shapes of the transition gate lines 21 are different; The example does not limit this.
  • the width of each fine gate line in the main current region 10 and the transition current region 20 is 0.01 mm to 0.06 mm, the width of the main gate line 11 is 0.3 mm to 0.8 mm; the width of the transition gate line 21 is larger than the thin The width of the gate line is smaller than the width of the main gate line 11.
  • a number of transition gate lines 21 are connected to positions other than the ends of the transition gate line 21, which may be connected to one transition gate line 21, as shown in FIG. 3, or At least two transition gate lines 21 are connected, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • part of the transition gate lines 21 in the transition current region 20 are also connected to other transition gate lines, or each transition gate line 21 is connected to other transition gate lines, or each transition gate line 21 No other transition gate lines are connected, and the number of other transition gate lines connected to each transition gate line 21 may be the same or different.
  • the thin gate lines 22 in the transition current region 20 are linear, as shown in FIG. 5; in another case, the thin gate lines 22 in the transition current region 20 are arc-shaped, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the solar cells provided by the embodiments of the present invention can also be divided into 1/2 slices or 1/3 slices or 1/4 slices or 1/5 slices or 1 according to the requirements for the solar cells. /6 slice or 1/7 slice or 1/8 slice or 1/9 slice or 1/10 slice or 1/12 slice.
  • the solar cells used in Figures 5, 6, and 10 are 1/3 slices; the solar cells used in Figures 7, 8, and 9 are 1/2 slices; the solar cells used in Figure 11 The solar cells are 1/4 slices; the solar cells used in Figure 12, Figure 13 and Figure 14 are 1/5 slices.
  • the number of main grid lines can be 3-12, or other numbers, which are not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the patterns formed by the transition current region and the main current region shown in FIG. 5 to FIG. 14 are only exemplary, and the embodiment of the present invention does not limit this.
  • the solar cell of the present application can adopt a more special structure.
  • FIG. 15 Schematic diagram of a partial enlargement.
  • the main current region 10 is very small, and the transition current region 20 occupies most of the area.
  • the main grid lines 11 and the thin grid lines 12 of the main current region 10 can be omitted.
  • the thin grid lines of the transition current region 20 are respectively Connecting the transition gate line 21, the transition current region 20 also includes a rectangular gate line 23, and each transition gate line 21 is connected to the rectangular gate line 23 respectively. This structure can further reduce the amount of silver paste.
  • the photovoltaic module also provides a photovoltaic module based on the above-mentioned solar cells.
  • the photovoltaic module includes a front panel 31, a back panel 32, a cell layer 30 and an adhesive film layer 33.
  • the front panel 31, the battery sheet layer 30, and the back panel 32 are bonded as a whole by the adhesive film layer 33.
  • the front plate 31 is a transparent layer, and the material of the front plate 31 can be transparent glass or transparent polymer.
  • the back plate 32 is not limited to a transparent material, and the material of the back plate 32 can be glass or polymer.
  • the adhesive film layer 33 is filled on both sides of the battery sheet layer 30.
  • the adhesive film layer 33 is made of EVA film, POE film, PVB film or silica gel, etc., used to wrap the battery sheet layer 30 and combine the front plate 31 with The back plate 32 is bonded as a whole.
  • the solar cell layer 30 includes a plurality of solar cells 1 in the present application.
  • K solar cells 1 are arranged in sequence and connected in series by inter-chip interconnecting strips 40 to form a battery string.
  • K is an integer, and two of each inter-chip interconnecting strip 40 The ends are connected to two adjacent solar cells 1, as shown in Figs. 18 and 19.
  • inter-chip interconnection bar 40 One end of the inter-chip interconnection bar 40 is connected to the main grid line 11 of the light-receiving surface of a solar cell 1, that is, the inter-chip interconnection bar passes through the The main current area 10 on the light-receiving surface of the solar cell 1 does not pass through the transition current area 20, and the other end of the inter-chip interconnecting strip 40 is connected to the main grid line 11 on the backlight surface of the adjacent solar cell 1.
  • the inter-chip interconnection bar 40 is welded to the main grid line 11 of the solar cell 1, the current on the main grid line can be drawn, and the inter-chip interconnection bar 40 does not cover the transition grid line and does not pass through the transition current area, so the solar cell The current in the transition current area of the sheet 1 can only be transmitted through the transition gate line 21.
  • the inter-chip interconnection bar 40 is connected to the rectangular grid line 23 in the transition current area when the solar cell 1 is connected.
  • the width of the inter-chip interconnection bar 40 is 0.1 to 0.2 mm larger than the width of the busbar line 11. As the length of the busbar line on the solar cell 1 is reduced, the inter-chip interconnection bar 40 is on the light-receiving surface of the solar cell 1 The length of the upper part is also reduced accordingly. Therefore, the shading area of the inter-chip interconnection strip 40 is reduced, which not only reduces the material of the inter-chip interconnection strip 40, but also helps to improve the power generation efficiency of the solar cell 1.
  • Figures 18 and 19 show two forms in which the inter-chip interconnecting strips 40 connect the solar cell sheets 1 to form a battery string.
  • the projection areas of two adjacent solar cell sheets 1 in the battery string do not overlap.
  • the projection area of one solar cell 1 overlaps with the projection area of the other solar cell 1, that is, the main solar cell 1 is
  • the current area 10 is adjacent to the transition current area 20 of another solar cell 1 and connected in series by the inter-chip interconnecting bar 40.
  • a part of the main current area 10 of the lower solar cell 1 is located on the transition current of the upper solar cell 1 Below area 20.
  • the solar cells 1 in the N cell strings in each battery block are also connected by L inter-string interconnecting bars 60 to form a parallel structure.
  • L is an integer, and each cell can be connected by inter-series interconnecting bars 60. It is also possible to use inter-series interconnecting strips 60 to connect every few cells.
  • a protection diode 70 is connected between the two inter-string interconnecting strips 60 in each battery block, and/or, a protection diode 70 is connected between the bus bar 50 and the inter-string interconnecting strip 60 of the battery block, which may Protection diodes 70 are connected between each of the inter-string interconnecting bars 60, and a protection diode 70 may be provided every several inter-string interconnecting bars 60.
  • the protection diode 70 divides the battery string into several parts along the direction of the battery string and protects them separately. Each protection diode 70 protects the solar cell 1 between the interconnection bar 60/bus bar 50 to which it is connected.
  • each protection diode 70 adopts a built-in or an external structure: the built-in structure is that the protection diode 70 is built in the battery slice layer 30, and the external structure is that the protection diode 70 is arranged outside the battery slice layer 30, and the series interconnection strip 60 And/or the bus bar 50 passes through and is connected to the protection diode 70.
  • the battery sheet layer 30 includes M battery plates as shown in FIG. 20.
  • M the structure of the battery sheet layer 30 is as shown in FIG. 20, that is, the battery sheet layer 30 is composed of a single battery plate.
  • the bus bars 50 at both ends of the plate are respectively connected to the lead wires 80, and the lead wires 80 are welded to the middle of the bus bars 50 to reduce current loss.
  • This structure is easier to protect the circuit, can also save the cost of diodes and materials, easier to realize unmanned automatic operation, the investment of equipment cost is less, it can improve the yield of photovoltaic modules, and improve the quality of photovoltaic modules.
  • the structure diagram of the cell layer 30 when M 4.
  • Figures 21 and 22 are only examples. The actual number of cell plates included in the cell layer 30 is not limited. You can add more cell plates by analogy to form a larger version.
  • the conventional photovoltaic module has two versions, 60 and 72. The 60 version has 6*10 battery panels, and the 72 version has 6*12 battery panels. Figure 22 is more suitable for the 72 version.
  • the solar cells 1 when the solar cells 1 are arranged to form the cell layer 30, there are many ways to arrange the solar cells 1 to connect the main current areas of the adjacent solar cells 1
  • the transition current area of adjacent solar cells 1 can be connected to each other, and the main current area and the transition current area of adjacent solar cells 1 can be connected to each other.
  • the photovoltaic When the structure shown in Figure 14 is adopted, the photovoltaic When the transition current area on the solar cell 1 on the outermost side of the module is on the inner side, that is, when the transition current area is not at the edge of the photovoltaic module, this arrangement will help increase the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module.
  • the bus bar 50, the inter-chip interconnection strip 40 and the inter-series interconnection strip 60 are all made of electrical connection materials, which can be realized as photovoltaic soldering tape, conductive tape or conductive glue, etc., but the inter-chip interconnection strip 40 and The inter-string interconnection bar 60 is mainly used to draw the current of the solar cell 1, the inter-segment interconnection bar 40 mainly draws the current of the same string of cells, and the inter-string interconnection bar 60 mainly draws the current of different strings of cells to realize the inter-string current The shunt function also plays a role of physical limit fixation between strings.
  • the bus bar 50 is mainly used to draw the current of multiple battery strings.
  • the current carried by the interconnection bar and the bus bar are different, so the material size is also different, so different names are used to distinguish in this application.

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Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention are a solar cell and a photovoltaic module, relating to the field of photovoltaic technique. A front-side silver paste layer of a silicon wafer layer of the solar cell in the present application comprises a fine grid line and a main grid line connected thereto which form a main current area, and a transition grid line and a fine grid line connected thereto which form a transition current area; each transition grid line being connected to at least one main grid line, and the current of the transition current area flowing into the main grid line of the main current area through the transition grid line, so as to reduce the length of the main grid line, and increase the light receiving area of the solar cell, so that the usage amount of silver paste can be reduced, and the power generation efficiency of the solar cell can be improved. The solar cells in the present application are connected in series and parallel to form a cell plate, and several cell plates are assembled to form the photovoltaic module in the present application; and the photovoltaic module has a high power generation efficiency, low material costs, and low process requirements, and can implement fully automated unmanned operation, thereby improving production efficiency and improving the yield of the photovoltaic module.

Description

太阳能电池片及光伏组件Solar cells and photovoltaic modules 技术领域Technical field
本发明实施例涉及光伏领域，特别涉及一种太阳能电池片及光伏组件。The embodiment of the present invention relates to the field of photovoltaics, in particular to a solar cell and a photovoltaic module.
背景技术Background technique
随着传统能源价格上涨开发利用新能源成为当今能源领域研究的主要课题。由于太阳能具有无污染、无地域限制、取之不尽等有限，利用太阳能电池发电越来越受欢迎。With the rise in the price of traditional energy, the development and utilization of new energy has become the main topic of research in the energy field. Because solar energy has no pollution, no geographical restrictions, inexhaustible access, etc., the use of solar cells to generate electricity is becoming more and more popular.
为了减少电池片的电损耗，需要在电池片上印刷较密的细栅线和较粗的主栅线，常规的整片电池片尺寸为156~166mm，电池片尺寸越大所需要的细栅线和主栅线的数量越大，这样会大大增加电池片银浆用量，也会减小电池片的受光发电面积，增加的电池片银浆大大提高了电池片的成本，电池片的受光发电面积减少会降低电池片的整体发电量，如何去平衡分片电池片的发电效率和电池片成本是当前电池片制作过程中的一大困扰。In order to reduce the electrical loss of the cells, it is necessary to print denser thin grid lines and thicker bus bars on the cells. The conventional whole cell size is 156~166mm. The larger the cell size, the fine grid lines are required. The larger the number of and busbar lines, this will greatly increase the amount of solar cell silver paste and reduce the solar cell’s light-receiving area. The increased solar cell silver paste greatly increases the cost of the cell and the solar cell’s light-receiving area Reduction will reduce the overall power generation of the cells. How to balance the power generation efficiency of the slicing cells and the cost of the cells is a major problem in the current cell production process.
现有的常规光伏组件采用整片或半片电池片，其电池片之间采用串联方式连接，采用3个二极管对电路进行保护，每个二极管保护两串电池串，当电池片被遮挡或者电路发生损坏时，二极管工作，将对应的两串电池串隔断，光伏组件的实际发电量只有设计的1/3，严重影响了实际发电量。为了提升光伏组件的高转换效率，市场组件设计热点是无焊带的叠瓦组件工艺产品。叠瓦产品的优点确实在组件转换效率非常高，但表面无焊带的叠瓦最大的短板就是光伏组件对电池片的隐裂，尤其垂直串长方向的隐裂，如果隐裂延伸，最糟可以导致整个电池串失效，光伏组件整体报废。这个设计缺陷，非常限制产品的真正规模化使用，同样叠瓦的成本也偏高。The existing conventional photovoltaic modules use whole or half cells, and the cells are connected in series, and the circuit is protected by 3 diodes. Each diode protects two strings of cells. When the cells are blocked or the circuit occurs When damaged, the diode works and separates the corresponding two battery strings. The actual power generation of the photovoltaic module is only 1/3 of the design, which seriously affects the actual power generation. In order to improve the high conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules, the hotspot of module design in the market is the shingled module technology product without welding ribbon. The advantage of shingled products is indeed that the conversion efficiency of the module is very high, but the biggest short board of the shingled without solder ribbon on the surface is the hidden crack of the photovoltaic module to the cell, especially the hidden crack in the vertical direction of the string. If the hidden crack extends, the most Bad can cause the entire battery string to fail, and the entire photovoltaic module is scrapped. This design flaw greatly limits the true large-scale use of products, and the cost of shingles is also high.
技术问题technical problem
表面无焊带的叠瓦组件工艺产品容易出现电池片的隐裂，尤其垂直串长方向的隐裂，如果隐裂延伸，最糟可以导致整个电池串失效，光伏组件整体报废。Shingled module technology products without solder ribbon on the surface are prone to cell cracks, especially vertical cracks in the longitudinal direction of the string. If the cracks extend, the entire cell string will fail at worst and the photovoltaic module will be scrapped as a whole.
技术解决方案Technical solutions
一种太阳能电池片，该太阳能电池片包括硅片层、位于所述硅片层正面的正面银浆层以及位于所述硅片层背面的背面银浆层；A solar cell sheet comprising a silicon sheet layer, a front silver paste layer on the front side of the silicon sheet layer, and a back silver paste layer on the back side of the silicon sheet layer;
所述正面银浆层包括构成主电流区的主栅线和细栅线，以及构成过渡电流区的过渡栅线和细栅线，每根所述过渡栅线分别与至少一根所述主栅线连接；所述主电流区的细栅线分别与所述主栅线连接；所述过渡电流区的细栅线分别与所述过渡栅线连接。The front silver paste layer includes main grid lines and fine grid lines constituting the main current region, and transition grid lines and fine grid lines constituting the transition current region, each of the transition grid lines is connected to at least one of the main grid lines respectively. Wire connection; the thin gate lines of the main current area are respectively connected to the main gate lines; the thin gate lines of the transition current area are respectively connected to the transition gate lines.
其进一步的技术方案为，所述过渡栅线的宽度从与所述主栅线连接的一端向远离所述主栅线的一端减小。A further technical solution is that the width of the transition gate line decreases from an end connected to the main gate line to an end far away from the main gate line.
其进一步的技术方案为，所述过渡栅线为不规则形状。A further technical solution is that the transition gate line has an irregular shape.
其进一步的技术方案为，所述过渡电流区的细栅线为线形。A further technical solution is that the thin gate lines in the transition current region are linear.
其进一步的技术方案为，所述过渡电流区的细栅线为弧形。A further technical solution is that the thin grid lines in the transition current region are arc-shaped.
其进一步的技术方案为，所述太阳能电池片为1/2分片或1/3分片或1/4分片或1/5分片或1/6分片或1/7分片或1/8分片或1/9分片或1/10分片或1/12分片。A further technical solution is that the solar cell slice is 1/2 slice, 1/3 slice, 1/4 slice, 1/5 slice, 1/6 slice, 1/7 slice, or 1 /8 slice or 1/9 slice or 1/10 slice or 1/12 slice.
其进一步的技术方案为，所述过渡栅线的宽度大于所述细栅线的宽度且小于所述主栅线的宽度。A further technical solution is that the width of the transition gate line is larger than the width of the thin gate line and smaller than the width of the main gate line.
其进一步的技术方案为，所述正面银浆层中的细栅线的宽度为0.01mm~0.06mm，所述主栅线的宽度为0.3mm~0.8mm。A further technical solution is that the width of the thin grid lines in the front silver paste layer is 0.01 mm to 0.06 mm, and the width of the main grid lines is 0.3 mm to 0.8 mm.
其进一步的技术方案为，在所述过渡电流区，部分过渡栅线上除端部以外的位置还连接有若干根过渡栅线，或者，每个过渡栅线上除端部以外的位置还连接有若干根过渡栅线，各个过渡栅线上连接的其他过渡栅线的数量相同或不同。A further technical solution is that, in the transition current zone, a number of transition gate lines are connected at positions other than the ends on part of the transition gate lines, or each transition gate line is also connected at positions other than the ends There are several transition gate lines, and the number of other transition gate lines connected to each transition gate line is the same or different.
一种光伏组件，该光伏组件包括正面板材、电池片层、背面板材和胶膜层，所述正面板材、所述电池片层和所述背面板材通过所述胶膜层粘接为整体；A photovoltaic module comprising a front panel, a cell sheet layer, a back panel and an adhesive film layer, and the front panel, the cell layer and the back panel are bonded into a whole through the adhesive film layer;
所述电池片层包括M个电池板块，所述M个电池板块的两端通过汇流条相连形成串联结构，每个所述电池板块中包括N个电池串，M≥1且N≥1，同一个电池板块中的N个电池串的两端通过汇流条相连形成并联结构，每个所述电池串中包括K个太阳能电池片，每个所述太阳能电池片采用本申请公开的太阳能电池片，所述K个太阳能电池片依次排列并通过片间互联条串联形成电池串，每个所述片间互联条覆盖相邻两个太阳能电池片中的主栅线但不覆盖过渡栅线，K为整数。The battery sheet layer includes M battery plates, the two ends of the M battery plates are connected by bus bars to form a series structure, and each battery plate includes N battery strings, M≥1 and N≥1, the same The two ends of the N battery strings in a battery plate block are connected by bus bars to form a parallel structure. Each battery string includes K solar cells, and each solar cell uses the solar cell disclosed in this application, The K solar cells are arranged in sequence and connected in series by inter-chip interconnecting strips to form a battery string, each of the inter-chip interconnecting strips covers the main grid lines in two adjacent solar cells but does not cover the transition grid lines, K is Integer.
其进一步的技术方案为，所述电池串中相邻的两块太阳能电池片的投影区域不重叠或有重叠。A further technical solution is that the projection areas of two adjacent solar cell sheets in the battery string do not overlap or overlap.
其进一步的技术方案为，每个所述电池板块中的N个电池串中的太阳能电池片之间还通过L根串间互联条相连形成并联结构，L为整数，每个所述电池板块中的两个所述串间互联条之间连接有保护二极管，和/或，所述汇流条与所述串间互联条之间连接有保护二极管。A further technical solution is that the solar cells in the N battery strings in each battery block are also connected by L inter-string interconnecting bars to form a parallel structure, where L is an integer, and each battery block is A protection diode is connected between the two inter-string interconnecting bars, and/or a protection diode is connected between the bus bar and the inter-string interconnecting bar.
其进一步的技术方案为，各个所述保护二极管内置在所述电池片层中，或者，设置在所述电池片层的外部并与所述电池片层电性相连。A further technical solution thereof is that each of the protection diodes is built into the battery slice layer, or is arranged outside the battery slice layer and is electrically connected to the battery slice layer.
有益效果Beneficial effect
本申请公开了太阳能电池片以及基于该太阳能电池片构成的光伏组件，通过在太阳能电池片的正面银浆层上设置主电流区和过渡电流区，主电流区包括细栅线和主栅线，过渡电流区包括过渡栅线和细栅线，过渡电流区没有主栅线，过渡电流区发出的电流流入到主电流区，电流相对较小，过渡电流区的电流通过过渡栅线流入主电流区的主栅线，减少了主栅线的长度，增加了太阳能电池片的受光面积，可以减少银浆用量，提高太阳能电池片的发电效率。This application discloses a solar cell and a photovoltaic module based on the solar cell. The main current area and the transition current area are provided on the silver paste layer on the front of the solar cell. The main current area includes thin grid lines and main grid lines. The transition current area includes transition grid lines and thin grid lines. There is no main grid line in the transition current area. The current from the transition current area flows into the main current area. The current is relatively small. The current in the transition current area flows into the main current area through the transition gate line. The bus bar reduces the length of the bus bar, increases the light-receiving area of the solar cell, reduces the amount of silver paste, and improves the power generation efficiency of the solar cell.
多个太阳能电池片通过片间互联条串联形成电池串，电池串并联形成一个独立的电池板块，可以采用单电池板块或多电池板块串联的结构形成电池片层以构成光伏组件，可以提高光伏组件的发电效率、降低光伏组件材料成本，对光伏组件工艺要求低，可以实现全自动化无人作业，提高生产效率，提高光伏组件的良率。Multiple solar cells are connected in series through inter-chip interconnecting strips to form a battery string. The battery strings are connected in parallel to form an independent battery block. Single cell blocks or multiple battery blocks in series can be used to form a cell layer to form a photovoltaic module, which can improve the photovoltaic module. High power generation efficiency, lower photovoltaic module material costs, low requirements on photovoltaic module process, can realize fully automated unmanned operation, improve production efficiency, and increase the yield of photovoltaic modules.
每个独立的电池板块中还可以设置多根串间互联条，并在串间互联条之间以及串间互联条和汇流条之间连接保护二极管，每个二极管对应控制一个二极管分割区，可以将遮阴区所对应的二极管分割区隔离，保证其他区域正常发电，从而改进整个光伏组件的性能、增加发电效率。Each independent battery block can also be equipped with multiple inter-string interconnecting bars, and connecting protection diodes between the inter-string interconnecting bars and between the inter-string interconnecting bars and the bus bars. Each diode corresponds to a diode segmentation area. Isolate the diode segment corresponding to the shaded area to ensure normal power generation in other areas, thereby improving the performance of the entire photovoltaic module and increasing power generation efficiency.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种太阳能电池片的正面示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment;
图2是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种主栅线与过渡栅线的连接示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the connection between a main gate line and a transition gate line according to an exemplary embodiment;
图3是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种过渡栅线的连接示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the connection of a transition gate line according to an exemplary embodiment;
图4是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种过渡栅线的连接示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the connection of another transition gate line according to an exemplary embodiment;
图5是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种光伏组件的正面局部示意图；Fig. 5 is a partial front view of a photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment;
图6是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种光伏组件的正面局部示意图；Fig. 6 is a front partial schematic view showing another photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment;
图7是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种光伏组件的正面局部示意图；Fig. 7 is a partial front view of another photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment;
图8是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种光伏组件的正面局部示意图；Fig. 8 is a partial front view of another photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment;
图9是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种光伏组件的正面局部示意图；Fig. 9 is a partial front view of another photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment;
图10是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种光伏组件的正面局部示意图；Fig. 10 is a front partial schematic diagram showing another photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment;
图11是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种光伏组件的正面局部示意图；Fig. 11 is a partial front view of another photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment;
图12是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种光伏组件的正面局部示意图；Fig. 12 is a front partial schematic diagram showing another photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment;
图13是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种光伏组件的正面局部示意图；Fig. 13 is a partial front view of another photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment;
图14是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种光伏组件的正面局部示意图；Fig. 14 is a front partial schematic diagram showing another photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment;
图15是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种光伏组件的正面局部示意图；Fig. 15 is a partial front view of another photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment;
图16是图15所示结构的局部放大结构图；Figure 16 is a partially enlarged structural view of the structure shown in Figure 15;
图17是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种光伏组件的侧面局部示意图；Fig. 17 is a partial schematic side view showing a photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment;
图18是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池串的侧面局部示意图；Fig. 18 is a partial schematic side view showing a battery string according to an exemplary embodiment;
图19是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种电池串的侧面局部示意图；Fig. 19 is a partial schematic side view showing another battery string according to an exemplary embodiment;
图20是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种光伏组件结构图；Fig. 20 is a structural diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment;
图21是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种光伏组件结构图；Fig. 21 is a structural diagram showing another photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment;
图22是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种光伏组件结构图。Fig. 22 is a structural diagram of another photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment.
本发明的实施方式Embodiments of the invention
本发明实施例提供了一种太阳能电池片，该太阳能电池片包括硅片层、位于硅片层正面的正面银浆层、位于硅片层背面的背面银浆层。The embodiment of the present invention provides a solar cell sheet, which includes a silicon sheet layer, a front silver paste layer on the front side of the silicon sheet layer, and a back silver paste layer on the back side of the silicon sheet layer.
如图1所示，正面银浆层包括构成主电流区10的主栅线11和细栅线12，以及构成过渡电流区20的过渡栅线21和细栅线22。As shown in FIG. 1, the front silver paste layer includes main grid lines 11 and fine grid lines 12 constituting the main current region 10, and transition gate lines 21 and fine grid lines 22 constituting the transition current region 20.
每根过渡栅线21分别与至少一根主栅线11连接，每根主栅线11的一端与至少一根过渡栅线21连接。主栅线11上靠近过渡电流区20的一端与过渡栅线21连接，主栅线11上远离过渡电流区10的一端不与过渡栅线21连接。Each transition grid line 21 is connected to at least one bus grid line 11, and one end of each bus grid line 11 is connected to at least one transition grid line 21. The end of the main gate line 11 close to the transition current area 20 is connected to the transition gate line 21, and the end of the main gate line 11 far away from the transition current area 10 is not connected to the transition gate line 21.
比如，每根主栅线11的一端与5根过渡栅线21连接，如图1、图5、图6、图7所示；每根主栅线11的一端与3根过渡栅线21连接，如图8、图10所示；每根主栅线11的一端与2根过渡栅线21连接，如图9所示。本申请中的附图仅为示例性说明，对太阳能电池片中的过渡栅线的数量不作限定。For example, one end of each bus bar 11 is connected to five transition grid lines 21, as shown in Figure 1, Figure 5, Figure 6, and Figure 7; one end of each bus line 11 is connected to three transition grid lines 21 8 and 10; one end of each main grid line 11 is connected to two transition grid lines 21, as shown in Figure 9. The drawings in this application are merely illustrative, and the number of transition grid lines in the solar cell is not limited.
主电流区10的细栅线12分别与主栅线11连接。过渡电流区20的细栅线22分别与过渡栅线21连接，其中，与主电流区10相邻的过渡栅线21的一侧与过渡电流区20内的细栅线22连接，不与电流区10相邻的过渡栅线的两侧与过渡电流区20内的细栅线22连接。过渡电流区20的细栅线22与过渡栅线21之间的夹角可以根据实际需要确定，本发明实施例对此不作限定。The thin gate lines 12 of the main current region 10 are respectively connected to the main gate lines 11. The thin gate lines 22 of the transition current zone 20 are respectively connected to the transition gate lines 21, wherein one side of the transition gate line 21 adjacent to the main current zone 10 is connected to the thin gate lines 22 in the transition current zone 20 and is not connected to the current Both sides of the transition gate lines adjacent to the region 10 are connected to the thin gate lines 22 in the transition current region 20. The included angle between the thin gate line 22 of the transition current region 20 and the transition gate line 21 can be determined according to actual needs, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
主电流区10和过渡电流区20中的各个细栅线用于收集太阳能电池片受光后产生的电流，过渡电流区20的各个细栅线22用于将收集到的电流输送至连接的过渡栅线21，各个过渡栅线21用于收集与过渡栅线21连接的细栅线22上的电流并将收集到的电流输送至连接的主栅线11。主电流区10的各个细栅线12用于将收集到的电流输送至连接的主栅线11，主栅线11用于收集与其相连的各个细栅线12和各个过渡栅线21的电流。Each of the fine grid lines in the main current area 10 and the transition current area 20 is used to collect the current generated by the solar cell after receiving light, and each of the thin grid lines 22 in the transition current area 20 is used to deliver the collected current to the connected transition grid. Line 21, each transition gate line 21 is used to collect the current on the thin gate line 22 connected to the transition gate line 21 and deliver the collected current to the connected main gate line 11. Each of the fine gate lines 12 of the main current area 10 is used to deliver the collected current to the connected main gate line 11, and the main gate line 11 is used to collect the current of each fine gate line 12 and each transition gate line 21 connected to it.
在一种情况下，过渡栅线21的宽度从与主栅线11连接的一端向远离主栅线11的一端减小，如图2所示；该种情况下，过渡栅线21为直线状。在另一种情况下，过渡栅线21为不规则形状，比如，曲线状、折线状。过渡电流区20的所有过渡栅线21的形状相同，或者部分过渡栅线21的形状相同、部分过渡栅线21的形状不相同，或者各个过渡栅线21的形状都不相同；本实用新实施例对此不作限定。In one case, the width of the transition gate line 21 decreases from the end connected to the main gate line 11 to the end away from the main gate line 11, as shown in FIG. 2; in this case, the transition gate line 21 is linear . In another case, the transition gate line 21 has an irregular shape, such as a curve shape or a broken line shape. All the transition gate lines 21 in the transition current region 20 have the same shape, or some of the transition gate lines 21 have the same shape, and some of the transition gate lines 21 have different shapes, or the shapes of the transition gate lines 21 are different; The example does not limit this.
在本申请中，主电流区10和过渡电流区20中的各个细栅线的宽度为0.01mm~0.06mm，主栅线11的宽度为0.3mm~0.8mm；过渡栅线21的宽度大于细栅线的宽度且小于主栅线11的宽度。In the present application, the width of each fine gate line in the main current region 10 and the transition current region 20 is 0.01 mm to 0.06 mm, the width of the main gate line 11 is 0.3 mm to 0.8 mm; the width of the transition gate line 21 is larger than the thin The width of the gate line is smaller than the width of the main gate line 11.
可选的，在过渡电流区20，过渡栅线21上除端部以外的位置还连接有若干根过渡栅线21，可以是连接有1根过渡栅线21，如图3所示，也可以是连接有至少2根过渡栅线21，如图4所示。实际实现时，过渡电流区20中的部分过渡栅线21上还连接有其他的过渡栅线，或者每个过渡栅线21上都连接有其他的过渡栅线，或者每个过渡栅线21上都不连接其他的过渡栅线，而且各个过渡栅线21上连接的其他的过渡栅线的数量可以相同也可以不同。Optionally, in the transition current zone 20, a number of transition gate lines 21 are connected to positions other than the ends of the transition gate line 21, which may be connected to one transition gate line 21, as shown in FIG. 3, or At least two transition gate lines 21 are connected, as shown in FIG. 4. In actual implementation, part of the transition gate lines 21 in the transition current region 20 are also connected to other transition gate lines, or each transition gate line 21 is connected to other transition gate lines, or each transition gate line 21 No other transition gate lines are connected, and the number of other transition gate lines connected to each transition gate line 21 may be the same or different.
在一种情况下，过渡电流区20中的细栅线22为线形，比如图5；在另一种情况下，过渡电流区20中的细栅线22为弧形，比如图6。In one case, the thin gate lines 22 in the transition current region 20 are linear, as shown in FIG. 5; in another case, the thin gate lines 22 in the transition current region 20 are arc-shaped, as shown in FIG. 6.
本发明实施例所提供的太阳能电池片还可以根据对电池片的需求，将电池片切分为1/2分片或1/3分片或1/4分片或1/5分片或1/6分片或1/7分片或1/8分片或1/9分片或1/10分片或1/12分片。The solar cells provided by the embodiments of the present invention can also be divided into 1/2 slices or 1/3 slices or 1/4 slices or 1/5 slices or 1 according to the requirements for the solar cells. /6 slice or 1/7 slice or 1/8 slice or 1/9 slice or 1/10 slice or 1/12 slice.
比如：图5、图6、图10中所用的太阳能电池片为1/3分片；图7、图8、图9中所用的太阳能电池片为1/2分片；图11中所用的太阳能电池片为1/4分片；图12、图13、图14中所用的太阳能电池片为1/5分片。For example: the solar cells used in Figures 5, 6, and 10 are 1/3 slices; the solar cells used in Figures 7, 8, and 9 are 1/2 slices; the solar cells used in Figure 11 The solar cells are 1/4 slices; the solar cells used in Figure 12, Figure 13 and Figure 14 are 1/5 slices.
需要说明的是，在每片太阳能电池片上，主栅线的数量可以为3~12个，也可以是其他数量，本发明实施例对此不作限定。It should be noted that, on each solar cell, the number of main grid lines can be 3-12, or other numbers, which are not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
图5至图14中所示的过渡电流区和主电流区构成的图案仅为示例性说明，本发明实施例对此不作限定。The patterns formed by the transition current region and the main current region shown in FIG. 5 to FIG. 14 are only exemplary, and the embodiment of the present invention does not limit this.
在实际使用时，本申请的太阳能电池片可以采用一种更特殊的结构，请参考图15所示的太阳能电池片，其以太阳能电池片为1/6分片为例，图16是图15的局部放大示意图。这种结构中主电流区10非常小、过渡电流区20占了绝大部分面积，主电流区10的主栅线11和细栅线12都可以省略，过渡电流区20的各个细栅线分别连接过渡栅线21，过渡电流区20还包括矩形栅线23，各个过渡栅线21分别与矩形栅线23连接，这种结构可以进一步减少银浆用量。In actual use, the solar cell of the present application can adopt a more special structure. Please refer to the solar cell shown in FIG. 15, which takes the solar cell as 1/6 slice as an example. FIG. 16 is FIG. 15 Schematic diagram of a partial enlargement. In this structure, the main current region 10 is very small, and the transition current region 20 occupies most of the area. The main grid lines 11 and the thin grid lines 12 of the main current region 10 can be omitted. The thin grid lines of the transition current region 20 are respectively Connecting the transition gate line 21, the transition current region 20 also includes a rectangular gate line 23, and each transition gate line 21 is connected to the rectangular gate line 23 respectively. This structure can further reduce the amount of silver paste.
本发明实施例还提供了一种基于上述太阳能电池片构成的光伏组件，请参见图17，该光伏组件包括正面板材31、背面板材32、电池片层30和胶膜层33。正面板材31、电池片层30、背面板材32通过胶膜层33粘接为整体。正面板材31为透明层，正面板材31的材料可以选用透明玻璃或透明的聚合物。背面板材32不限于透明材料，背面板材32的材料可以选用玻璃或聚合物。胶膜层33填充在电池片层30的两侧，胶膜层33采用EVA胶膜、POE胶膜、PVB胶膜或硅胶等材料，用于对电池片层30形成包裹并将正面板材31和背面板材32粘接成一个整体。The embodiment of the present invention also provides a photovoltaic module based on the above-mentioned solar cells. Referring to FIG. 17, the photovoltaic module includes a front panel 31, a back panel 32, a cell layer 30 and an adhesive film layer 33. The front panel 31, the battery sheet layer 30, and the back panel 32 are bonded as a whole by the adhesive film layer 33. The front plate 31 is a transparent layer, and the material of the front plate 31 can be transparent glass or transparent polymer. The back plate 32 is not limited to a transparent material, and the material of the back plate 32 can be glass or polymer. The adhesive film layer 33 is filled on both sides of the battery sheet layer 30. The adhesive film layer 33 is made of EVA film, POE film, PVB film or silica gel, etc., used to wrap the battery sheet layer 30 and combine the front plate 31 with The back plate 32 is bonded as a whole.
电池片层30中包括多个本申请中的太阳能电池片1，K个太阳能电池片1依次排列并通过片间互联条40串联形成电池串，K为整数，每个片间互联条40的两端分别连接相邻的两个太阳能电池片1，如图18和19所示，片间互联条40的一端与一个太阳能电池片1受光面的主栅线11连接，即片间互联条经过该太阳能电池片1受光面上的主电流区10、不经过过渡电流区20，片间互联条40的另一端与相邻的太阳能电池片1背光面的主栅线11连接。由于片间互联条40与太阳能电池片1的主栅线11焊接，因此可以将主栅线上的电流引出，而片间互联条40不覆盖过渡栅线、不经过过渡电流区，因此太阳能电池片1的过渡电流区的电流只能通过过渡栅线21来传输。特别的，对于图15和16这种特殊的结构，由于太阳能电池片1不包括主栅线，因此片间互联条40在连接太阳能电池片1时，与过渡电流区的矩形栅线23相连。The solar cell layer 30 includes a plurality of solar cells 1 in the present application. K solar cells 1 are arranged in sequence and connected in series by inter-chip interconnecting strips 40 to form a battery string. K is an integer, and two of each inter-chip interconnecting strip 40 The ends are connected to two adjacent solar cells 1, as shown in Figs. 18 and 19. One end of the inter-chip interconnection bar 40 is connected to the main grid line 11 of the light-receiving surface of a solar cell 1, that is, the inter-chip interconnection bar passes through the The main current area 10 on the light-receiving surface of the solar cell 1 does not pass through the transition current area 20, and the other end of the inter-chip interconnecting strip 40 is connected to the main grid line 11 on the backlight surface of the adjacent solar cell 1. Because the inter-chip interconnection bar 40 is welded to the main grid line 11 of the solar cell 1, the current on the main grid line can be drawn, and the inter-chip interconnection bar 40 does not cover the transition grid line and does not pass through the transition current area, so the solar cell The current in the transition current area of the sheet 1 can only be transmitted through the transition gate line 21. In particular, for the special structure shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, since the solar cell 1 does not include the main grid line, the inter-chip interconnection bar 40 is connected to the rectangular grid line 23 in the transition current area when the solar cell 1 is connected.
一般情况下，片间互联条40的宽度比主栅线11的宽度大0.1~0.2mm，由于太阳能电池片1上的主栅线的长度减少，片间互联条40在太阳能电池片1受光面上的长度也相应减少，因此，片间互联条40的遮光面积减少，不仅减少了片间互联条40的材料，还有助于提高太阳能电池片1的发电效率。In general, the width of the inter-chip interconnection bar 40 is 0.1 to 0.2 mm larger than the width of the busbar line 11. As the length of the busbar line on the solar cell 1 is reduced, the inter-chip interconnection bar 40 is on the light-receiving surface of the solar cell 1 The length of the upper part is also reduced accordingly. Therefore, the shading area of the inter-chip interconnection strip 40 is reduced, which not only reduces the material of the inter-chip interconnection strip 40, but also helps to improve the power generation efficiency of the solar cell 1.
图18和19示出了片间互联条40连接太阳能电池片1构成电池串的两种形式，在图18中，电池串中相邻的两块太阳能电池片1的投影区域不重叠。在图19中，对于电池串中任意相邻的两块太阳能电池片1，一块太阳能电池片1的投影区域与另一块太阳能电池片1的投影区域有重叠，也即一块太阳能电池片1的主电流区10与另一块太阳能电池片1的过渡电流区20相邻并通过片间互联条40串联，图19中下方太阳能电池片1的主电流区10的一部分位于上方太阳能电池片1的过渡电流区20的下方。Figures 18 and 19 show two forms in which the inter-chip interconnecting strips 40 connect the solar cell sheets 1 to form a battery string. In Fig. 18, the projection areas of two adjacent solar cell sheets 1 in the battery string do not overlap. In Figure 19, for any two adjacent solar cells 1 in the battery string, the projection area of one solar cell 1 overlaps with the projection area of the other solar cell 1, that is, the main solar cell 1 is The current area 10 is adjacent to the transition current area 20 of another solar cell 1 and connected in series by the inter-chip interconnecting bar 40. In FIG. 19, a part of the main current area 10 of the lower solar cell 1 is located on the transition current of the upper solar cell 1 Below area 20.
请参考图20，N个这样的电池串的两端通过汇流条50相连形成并联结构，从而形成一个电池板块，N≥1，图20以N=6为例。每个电池板块中的N个电池串中的太阳能电池片1之间还通过L根串间互联条60相连形成并联结构，L为整数，可以每片电池片上都采用串间互联条60连接，也可以每隔几片电池片采用串间互联条60连接。每个电池板块中的两个串间互联条60之间连接有保护二极管70，和/或，该电池板块的汇流条50与串间互联条60之间连接有保护二极管70，可以在每两个串间互联条60之间都连接有保护二极管70，也可以每隔几个串间互联条60设置一个保护二极管70。保护二极管70沿着电池串的方向将电池串分为若干部分并分别进行保护，每个保护二极管70分别保护其所连接的串间互联条60/汇流条50之间的太阳能电池片1，当太阳能电池片1被遮挡或者电路断开时，相应的保护二极管70启动工作，将这个保护二极管70所管控的电池片隔开，而不影响其余太阳能电池片1的正常发电。各个保护二极管70采用内置或外置的结构设置：内置结构也即将保护二极管70内置在电池片层30中，外置结构也即将保护二极管70设置在电池片层30的外部，串间互联条60和/或汇流条50穿出并与保护二极管70相连。Please refer to FIG. 20, the two ends of N such battery strings are connected by bus bars 50 to form a parallel structure, thus forming a battery plate, N≥1, and FIG. 20 takes N=6 as an example. The solar cells 1 in the N cell strings in each battery block are also connected by L inter-string interconnecting bars 60 to form a parallel structure. L is an integer, and each cell can be connected by inter-series interconnecting bars 60. It is also possible to use inter-series interconnecting strips 60 to connect every few cells. A protection diode 70 is connected between the two inter-string interconnecting strips 60 in each battery block, and/or, a protection diode 70 is connected between the bus bar 50 and the inter-string interconnecting strip 60 of the battery block, which may Protection diodes 70 are connected between each of the inter-string interconnecting bars 60, and a protection diode 70 may be provided every several inter-string interconnecting bars 60. The protection diode 70 divides the battery string into several parts along the direction of the battery string and protects them separately. Each protection diode 70 protects the solar cell 1 between the interconnection bar 60/bus bar 50 to which it is connected. When the solar cell 1 is blocked or the circuit is disconnected, the corresponding protection diode 70 starts to work to isolate the cells controlled by the protection diode 70 without affecting the normal power generation of the remaining solar cells 1. Each protection diode 70 adopts a built-in or an external structure: the built-in structure is that the protection diode 70 is built in the battery slice layer 30, and the external structure is that the protection diode 70 is arranged outside the battery slice layer 30, and the series interconnection strip 60 And/or the bus bar 50 passes through and is connected to the protection diode 70.
电池片层30中包括M个如图20所示的电池板块，当M=1时，电池片层30的结构即如图20所示，也即电池片层30由单个电池板块构成，该电池板块两端的汇流条50分别连接引出线80，引出线80焊接到汇流条50中间可以减少电流的损耗。这种结构更容易对电路进行保护，也可以节省二极管和材料成本，更容易实现无人化自动化作业，投入的设备成本少，可以提高光伏组件的良率，提高光伏组件的质量。The battery sheet layer 30 includes M battery plates as shown in FIG. 20. When M=1, the structure of the battery sheet layer 30 is as shown in FIG. 20, that is, the battery sheet layer 30 is composed of a single battery plate. The bus bars 50 at both ends of the plate are respectively connected to the lead wires 80, and the lead wires 80 are welded to the middle of the bus bars 50 to reduce current loss. This structure is easier to protect the circuit, can also save the cost of diodes and materials, easier to realize unmanned automatic operation, the investment of equipment cost is less, it can improve the yield of photovoltaic modules, and improve the quality of photovoltaic modules.
当M≥2时，这M个电池板块的两端通过汇流条50相连形成串联结构构成回路，如图21示出了M=2时的电池片层30的结构图，如图22示出了M=4时的电池片层30的结构图，图21和22只是示例，实际电池片层30中包括的电池板块的数量不限，可以依次类推增加更多的电池板块来形成更大的版型，常规的光伏组件有60和72两个版型，60版型是6*10个电池板块，而72版型是6*12个电池板块，图22这种更适合做72版型。When M≥2, the two ends of the M battery plates are connected by the bus bar 50 to form a series structure to form a loop. Fig. 21 shows the structure of the battery layer 30 when M=2, as shown in Fig. 22 The structure diagram of the cell layer 30 when M=4. Figures 21 and 22 are only examples. The actual number of cell plates included in the cell layer 30 is not limited. You can add more cell plates by analogy to form a larger version. The conventional photovoltaic module has two versions, 60 and 72. The 60 version has 6*10 battery panels, and the 72 version has 6*12 battery panels. Figure 22 is more suitable for the 72 version.
如图5-14所示，当太阳能电池片1排布形成电池片层30时，太阳能电池片1之间的排布方式有多种，可以将相邻太阳能电池片1的主电流区相接设置，可以将相邻太阳能电池片1的过渡电流区相接设置，可以将相邻太阳能电池片1的主电流区和过渡电流区相接设置，则在采用如图14这种结构时，光伏组件最外侧的太阳能电池片1上的过渡电流区在内侧，也即过渡电流区不在光伏组件的边缘部分时，这样的排布方式会有利于增加光伏组件的发电效率。As shown in Figure 5-14, when the solar cells 1 are arranged to form the cell layer 30, there are many ways to arrange the solar cells 1 to connect the main current areas of the adjacent solar cells 1 The transition current area of adjacent solar cells 1 can be connected to each other, and the main current area and the transition current area of adjacent solar cells 1 can be connected to each other. When the structure shown in Figure 14 is adopted, the photovoltaic When the transition current area on the solar cell 1 on the outermost side of the module is on the inner side, that is, when the transition current area is not at the edge of the photovoltaic module, this arrangement will help increase the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module.
在本申请中，汇流条50、片间互联条40和串间互联条60均采用电性连接材料制成，可以实现为光伏焊带、导电胶带或导电胶等，但片间互联条40和串间互联条60主要用于引出太阳能电池片1的电流，片间互联条40主要引出同一串的电池片的电流，串间互联条60主要引出不同串的电池片的电流，实现串间电流的分流功能，也对串间起到物理的限位固定的作用。汇流条50主要用于引出多串电池串的电流，互联条和汇流条承载的电流大小不同，因此材料尺寸也不同，因此在本申请中采用不同的名称进行区分。In this application, the bus bar 50, the inter-chip interconnection strip 40 and the inter-series interconnection strip 60 are all made of electrical connection materials, which can be realized as photovoltaic soldering tape, conductive tape or conductive glue, etc., but the inter-chip interconnection strip 40 and The inter-string interconnection bar 60 is mainly used to draw the current of the solar cell 1, the inter-segment interconnection bar 40 mainly draws the current of the same string of cells, and the inter-string interconnection bar 60 mainly draws the current of different strings of cells to realize the inter-string current The shunt function also plays a role of physical limit fixation between strings. The bus bar 50 is mainly used to draw the current of multiple battery strings. The current carried by the interconnection bar and the bus bar are different, so the material size is also different, so different names are used to distinguish in this application.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. Within range.

Claims (13)

  1. 一种太阳能电池片，其特征在于，所述太阳能电池片包括硅片层、位于所述硅片层正面的正面银浆层以及位于所述硅片层背面的背面银浆层； A solar cell sheet, characterized in that the solar cell sheet includes a silicon wafer layer, a front silver paste layer located on the front side of the silicon wafer layer, and a back silver paste layer located on the back side of the silicon wafer layer;
    所述正面银浆层包括构成主电流区的主栅线和细栅线，以及构成过渡电流区的过渡栅线和细栅线，每根所述过渡栅线分别与至少一根所述主栅线连接；所述主电流区的细栅线分别与所述主栅线连接；所述过渡电流区的细栅线分别与所述过渡栅线连接。The front silver paste layer includes main grid lines and fine grid lines constituting the main current region, and transition grid lines and fine grid lines constituting the transition current region, each of the transition grid lines is connected to at least one of the main grid lines respectively. Wire connection; the thin gate lines of the main current area are respectively connected to the main gate lines; the thin gate lines of the transition current area are respectively connected to the transition gate lines.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池片，其特征在于，所述过渡栅线的宽度从与所述主栅线连接的一端向远离所述主栅线的一端减小。 The solar cell sheet according to claim 1, wherein the width of the transition grid line decreases from an end connected to the main grid line to an end away from the main grid line.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池片，其特征在于，所述过渡栅线为不规则形状。 The solar cell sheet according to claim 1, wherein the transition grid line has an irregular shape.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池片，其特征在于，所述过渡电流区的细栅线为线形。 The solar cell sheet according to claim 1, wherein the thin grid lines in the transition current region are linear.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池片，其特征在于，所述过渡电流区的细栅线为弧形。 The solar cell sheet according to claim 1, wherein the thin grid lines in the transition current region are arc-shaped.
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一所述的太阳能电池片，其特征在于，所述太阳能电池片为1/2分片或1/3分片或1/4分片或1/5分片或1/6分片或1/7分片或1/8分片或1/9分片或1/10分片或1/12分片。 The solar cell sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the solar cell sheet is 1/2 slice or 1/3 slice or 1/4 slice or 1/5 slice or 1 /6 slice or 1/7 slice or 1/8 slice or 1/9 slice or 1/10 slice or 1/12 slice.
  7. 根据权利要求1至5任一所述的太阳能电池片，其特征在于，所述过渡栅线的宽度大于所述细栅线的宽度且小于所述主栅线的宽度。 The solar cell sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the width of the transition grid line is larger than the width of the thin grid line and smaller than the width of the main grid line.
  8. 根据权利要求1至5任一所述的太阳能电池片，其特征在于，所述正面银浆层中的细栅线的宽度为0.01mm~0.06mm，所述主栅线的宽度为0.3mm~0.8mm。 The solar cell sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the width of the thin grid lines in the silver paste layer on the front side is 0.01mm~0.06mm, and the width of the main grid lines is 0.3mm~ 0.8mm.
  9. 根据权利要求1至5任一所述的太阳能电池片，其特征在于，在所述过渡电流区，部分过渡栅线上除端部以外的位置还连接有若干根过渡栅线，或者，每个过渡栅线上除端部以外的位置还连接有若干根过渡栅线，各个过渡栅线上连接的其他过渡栅线的数量相同或不同。 The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, in the transition current zone, a number of transition grid lines are connected to a part of the transition grid line except for the end, or each A number of transition gate lines are connected to positions other than the ends of the transition gate line, and the number of other transition gate lines connected to each transition gate line is the same or different.
  10. 一种光伏组件，其特征在于，所述光伏组件包括正面板材、电池片层、背面板材和胶膜层，所述正面板材、所述电池片层和所述背面板材通过所述胶膜层粘接为整体； A photovoltaic module, characterized in that the photovoltaic module comprises a front panel, a cell sheet layer, a back panel, and an adhesive film layer, and the front panel, the cell layer and the back panel are glued through the adhesive film layer. Connect as a whole
    所述电池片层包括M个电池板块，所述M个电池板块的两端通过汇流条相连形成串联结构，每个所述电池板块中包括N个电池串，M≥1且N≥1，同一个电池板块中的N个电池串的两端通过汇流条相连形成并联结构，每个所述电池串中包括K个太阳能电池片，每个所述太阳能电池片采用如权利要求1-9任一所述的太阳能电池片，所述K个太阳能电池片依次排列并通过片间互联条串联形成电池串，每个所述片间互联条覆盖相邻两个太阳能电池片中的主栅线但不覆盖过渡栅线，K为整数。The battery sheet layer includes M battery plates, the two ends of the M battery plates are connected by bus bars to form a series structure, and each battery plate includes N battery strings, M≥1 and N≥1, the same The two ends of the N battery strings in a battery panel are connected by bus bars to form a parallel structure. Each battery string includes K solar cells, and each solar cell uses any one of claims 1-9. In the solar cell sheet, the K solar cell sheets are arranged in sequence and connected in series by inter-chip interconnecting strips to form a battery string, each of the inter-chip interconnecting strips covers the main grid lines in two adjacent solar cells but not Cover the transition gate line, K is an integer.
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述电池串中相邻的两块太阳能电池片的投影区域不重叠或有重叠。 The photovoltaic module according to claim 10, wherein the projection areas of two adjacent solar cells in the battery string do not overlap or overlap.
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，每个所述电池板块中的N个电池串中的太阳能电池片之间还通过L根串间互联条相连形成并联结构，L为整数，每个所述电池板块中的两个所述串间互联条之间连接有保护二极管，和/或，所述汇流条与所述串间互联条之间连接有保护二极管。 The photovoltaic module according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that, the solar cells in the N cell strings in each battery panel are also connected by L inter-string interconnecting bars to form a parallel structure, and L is An integer, a protection diode is connected between the two inter-string interconnecting bars in each battery block, and/or a protection diode is connected between the bus bar and the inter-string interconnecting bar.
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，各个所述保护二极管内置在所述电池片层中，或者，设置在所述电池片层的外部并与所述电池片层电性相连。 The photovoltaic module according to claim 12, wherein each of the protection diodes is built in the cell layer, or arranged outside the cell layer and electrically connected to the cell layer.
PCT/CN2020/101553 2019-07-16 2020-07-13 Solar cell and photovoltaic module WO2021008474A1 (en)

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