WO2020253913A1 - Heat exchanger comprising a thermogenerator, and method for manufacturing heat exchangers comprising thermogenerators - Google Patents

Heat exchanger comprising a thermogenerator, and method for manufacturing heat exchangers comprising thermogenerators Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020253913A1
WO2020253913A1 PCT/DE2020/100507 DE2020100507W WO2020253913A1 WO 2020253913 A1 WO2020253913 A1 WO 2020253913A1 DE 2020100507 W DE2020100507 W DE 2020100507W WO 2020253913 A1 WO2020253913 A1 WO 2020253913A1
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Prior art keywords
flow
heat exchanger
heat
flow channels
module
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PCT/DE2020/100507
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German (de)
French (fr)
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Frank Silber
Thomas Silber
Emil Silber
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DAROTHEM GmbH
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Publication of WO2020253913A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020253913A1/en

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/103Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of more than two coaxial conduits or modules of more than two coaxial conduits
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00Processes of additive manufacturing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10NELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N10/00Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
    • H10N10/01Manufacture or treatment
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10NELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N10/00Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
    • H10N10/10Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
    • H10N10/13Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the heat-exchanging means at the junction

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a heat exchanger with a thermal generator according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing heat exchangers provided with thermal generators according to the preamble of claim 5.
  • Heat exchangers provided with thermal generators have long been known and are used in a wide variety of heat exchanger devices in order to gain electrical energy from the temperature difference between fluids flowing in separate channels using the principle of the Seebeck effect.
  • a heat exchanger with a thermal generator for converting thermal energy contained in the exhaust gases of a combustion apparatus into electrical energy is known, which consists of an ordered bundle of cylindrical flow channels coaxially to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger.
  • the flow channels are each designed alternately as a hot exhaust gas channel or as a cold supply air channel, the thermal modules of the thermal generator being arranged on the outside of the hot exhaust gas channels (DE 20 2015 004 026 U1).
  • the disadvantage of this heat exchanger is its complex production.
  • thermoelectric device of a heat exchanger which also has a shell structure, wherein the thermoelectric device is arranged on at least one of the shells and verbun with this heat flow effective is the.
  • the shell structure can be produced inexpensively using 3D printing processes (DE 10 2017 109 732 A1).
  • the invention is on the production of individual shells is restricted.
  • the thermo-electrical device must be attached to the shells.
  • thermoelectric temperature control elements operating on the principle of the Peltier or Thomson effect are integrated.
  • Both the structure itself and a combination of structure and anode of the Peltier element can be created by means of additive constructions in the form of a 3D printer (DE 10 2016 012 795 A1).
  • the disadvantage is that these structures are only suitable for the temperature control and cooling of solid bodies and containers. They are not readily suitable for conducting a medium, but would always have to be provided with a tight cover. An application, for example, on shell-shaped heat exchangers is therefore not possible or only possible to a limited extent, with the acceptance of a correspondingly large construction.
  • the structure can only be produced together with a contact plane of the Peltier elements using additive processes. The Peltier elements themselves must be subsequently completed on the printed part
  • an integrated arrangement consisting of a micro heat exchanger and a thermoelectric module
  • the micro heat exchanger being integrally connected or formed in a thermally conductive manner to the thermoelectric module.
  • the micro heat exchanger has several continuous channels with a diameter of less than 1 mm, through which a fluid heat exchange medium can flow.
  • the Mik rouzaleyer has an integrally formed container that receives the p- and n-conductive thermoelectric material pieces.
  • the micro heat exchanger with the molded container can be produced by selective laser sintering (EP 2 764 555 B1).
  • the disadvantage of this micro heat exchanger is the need to arrange a separate container for the thermoelectric elements. In addition, its application is limited to those heat exchangers which have a relatively small volume of fluid to pass through.
  • thermoelectric generators per se, that is to say independently of their specific use, by means of additive processes.
  • the semiconductor components of the n- and p-type are each separately on a non- Conductive plate applied by means of a 3D printer and the two printed plates finally joined together (US 9,882, 1 1 1 B2).
  • the disadvantage of this method is that the thermoelectric generators produced in the manner described still have to be completed with parts or components, which is not possible in particular with the shell structures of heat exchangers described above.
  • a device for generating electrical energy which comprises a split sleeve enclosing a tube, a first and second support ring coaxially surrounding this, at least one first and second thermal generator and a first and second jacket.
  • Each carrier ring has a first flat end face spaced radially from the collar.
  • the first thermal generator is arranged on the first flat end face of the first support ring and the second thermogenerator is arranged on the first flat end face of the second support ring.
  • the first jacket is arranged to protect the at least one first and the second jacket to protect the at least one second thermal generator around the latter.
  • Each shell has a flat surface and first and second ends. The first and second ends of each jacket are separably and interchangeably arranged around the tube.
  • the carrier rings are each provided with ribs on their free surfaces (US 10 128 427 B2).
  • thermogenerator element for generating electrical energy from waste heat, which consists of a pair of cylindrical electrodes that are constructed concentrically and are arranged at a predetermined interval and have power connections.
  • the thermogenerator element has an expanded surface area, has a highly efficient electrical efficiency and is resistant to harsh environmental conditions.
  • the electrodes consist of a mixture of tellurium, bismuth, tin, antimony, nickel, lead and a small amount of metal (JP 2010 245 492 A).
  • the invention is based on the object of being able to develop heat exchangers provided with thermal generators without being restricted to a specific shape in which the thermal generators are already integrated.
  • the object of the invention is also to provide a method for the cost-effective setting of thermogenerators provided with To develop heat exchangers that allow the integration of the thermal generators in the heating process of the heat exchangers, so that subsequent installation of the thermal generators in the heat exchangers is not necessary.
  • the modular structure of the heat exchangers makes it possible to manufacture heat exchangers virtually independently of their shape and arrangement using additive processes, in particular 3D printing processes. As a result, heat exchangers that are complicated in their design, in particular those that have a shell-shaped structure, can be manufactured inexpensively.
  • the production of the thermal generators can be integrated into the production process of the modules.
  • the heat exchanger is provided with the thermal generators as it were, regardless of its shape and arrangement, when it is in its lowering position.
  • the modular structure also enables the use of the modular principle, with the heat exchanger being composed of individual components, similar to a modular system. The dimensions of the heat exchangers can easily be varied by lining up the components.
  • each of the at least two flow channels of the heat exchanger is composed of individual modules, the thermoelectric generators being integrated into each module and means for collecting and / or dissipating the thermal voltage obtained and means for sealing on its free edges Has plug connection with an adjacent module.
  • each module consists of at least two shell-shaped elements that form at least one section of a flow channel coaxially opposite one another. This makes it possible in a simple manner to build very compact heat exchangers consisting of a bundle of flow channels arranged coaxially one inside the other.
  • At least one voltage arrester is arranged between two axially aligned modules.
  • the method for setting heat exchangers with thermal generators made light a cost-effective setting for the components of the heat exchangers and, therefore, with the heat exchanger itself.
  • a mixed green compact made of thermoplastic highly filled with sinterable particles of different ceramic components is first produced to create a module using a 3D printing process, at least one ceramic component having properties for the thermoelectric conversion of heat into electrical energy, d. H. the prerequisites for generating a thermoelectric generator.
  • the thermoplastic components are then removed by heat treatment.
  • the resulting inorganic solid structure is solidified in a subsequent sintering process at higher temperatures to form a structural part with electrical contacting and connecting elements.
  • Another advantageous embodiment of the method consists in that the modules are attached to one another by means of electrically conductive plug connections to form flow channels. This means that voltage arresters are only required at the beginning or at the end of the flow channel.
  • the figure shows a heat exchanger standing vertically in a spatial presen- tation, with only a few inner flow channels being shown for recognizing its modular structure.
  • the heat exchanger has a main axis 1 and consists of a bundle of cylindrical flow channels arranged coaxially to one another, as illustrated and described, for example, in the utility model DE 20 2015 004 026 U1.
  • the flow channels are each formed by cylinder half-shells 2, which, in a modular manner, coaxially to a cylinder element 3 and axially strung together to form the wall of the flow channels, are advantageously joined together by plug connections.
  • the shells can also have any other shape, the only essential thing is that they can be assembled to form a closed flow channel.
  • the cylinder half-shells 2 and consequently also the cylinder elements 3 formed from two axially opposite cylinder half-shells 2 are provided with a diameter that increases from the inside to the outside, so that when they are coaxial, ring-shaped flow channels are formed between the cylinder elements.
  • a flow channel 4 created between the cylinder elements 3 is shown as an example. From the present illustration it can be seen that the innermost wall of the heat exchanger located coaxially around the main axis 1, which at the same time also forms the inner wall of the first flow channel 4, has already been completed and cylinder half-shells 2 for the outer wall of this flow channel 4 are partially joined.
  • thermoelectric generators 5 are provided, which are applied in the course of the production of the Zylin deroudreschalen 2 by 3D printing processes on this. Since the thermoelectric generators 5 are usually arranged on the outside of a flow channel 4 carrying the warmer medium, the cooler medium flows around them.
  • the heat exchanger has a fluid flow distributor 6 on its lower face, which alternately divides the two fluids of different temperatures arriving in separate supply pipes into a hot and a cool flow channel 4.
  • a fluid flow collector 7 At its upper end there is a fluid flow collector 7, which collects the two fluids from the separate flow channels 4 again in a respective discharge pipe.
  • the upper side of the fluid flow distributor 6 is provided to realize a plug connection with Boh stanchions 8 for receiving for on the underside of the shells 2 arranged, not shown pins.
  • a voltage arrester 9 Arranged approximately in the middle between the fluid flow distributor 6 and the fluid flow collector 7 is a voltage arrester 9 which is provided with electrical busbars (not shown in detail) for the electrically conductive connection to the contacts of the shells 2.
  • the voltage arrester 9 is provided on its upper side with pins 10, onto which the cylinder half-shells 2 with the bores made in their underside are plugged.

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat exchanger comprising a thermogenerator, consisting of: - at least two flow channels (4), arranged coaxially in heat-transferring contact with one another, for two fluids which have a temperature gradient and which each flow through one of the at least two flow channels (4), wherein thermoelectric generators (5) are provided on the outer wall of the flow channel (4) carrying the hotter fluid, in order to produce a heat flow ,- a fluid flow distributor (6), and - a fluid flow collector (7). According to the invention, each of the at least two flow channels (4) of the heat exchanger is composed of individual modules, wherein the thermoelectric generators (5) are integrated in each module and each module has means for collecting and/or dissipating the obtained thermoelectric voltage and, at its free edges, means for establishing a sealed plug-in connection with an adjacent module.

Description

DAROTHEM GmbH; 39218 Schönebeck DAROTHEM GmbH; 39218 Schönebeck
Wärmeübertrager mit Thermoqenerator und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Wärmeübertragern mit Thermoqeneratoren Heat exchangers with thermal generators and process for the production of heat exchangers with thermal generators
Stand der Technik State of the art
Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Wärmeübertrager mit Thermogenerator nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 und einem Verfahren zur Herstellung von mit Thermoge- neratoren versehenen Wärmeübertragern nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 5. The invention is based on a heat exchanger with a thermal generator according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing heat exchangers provided with thermal generators according to the preamble of claim 5.
Mit Thermogeneratoren versehene Wärmeübertrager sind seit langem bekannt und werden in unterschiedlichsten Wärmetauscher-Vorrichtungen verwendet, um unter Ausnutzung des Prinzips des Seebeck-Effektes aus dem Temperaturunterschied zwi schen in voneinander getrennten Kanälen strömenden Fluiden elektrische Energie zu gewinnen. Hierzu ist ein Wärmeübertrager mit Thermogenerator zur Wandlung von in Abgasen eines Verbrennungsapparates enthaltener thermischer Energie in elektrische Energie bekannt, der aus einem zur Längsachse des Wärmeübertragers koaxial an geordneten Bündel zylindrischer Strömungskanäle besteht. Die Strömungskanäle sind jeweils abwechselnd als heißer Abgaskanal oder als kalter Zuluftkanal ausgebildet, wobei die Thermomodule des Thermogenerators an der Außenseite der heißen Ab gaskanäle angeordnet sind (DE 20 2015 004 026 U1 ). Der Nachteil dieses Wärme übertragers besteht in seiner aufwändigen Herstellung. Heat exchangers provided with thermal generators have long been known and are used in a wide variety of heat exchanger devices in order to gain electrical energy from the temperature difference between fluids flowing in separate channels using the principle of the Seebeck effect. For this purpose, a heat exchanger with a thermal generator for converting thermal energy contained in the exhaust gases of a combustion apparatus into electrical energy is known, which consists of an ordered bundle of cylindrical flow channels coaxially to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger. The flow channels are each designed alternately as a hot exhaust gas channel or as a cold supply air channel, the thermal modules of the thermal generator being arranged on the outside of the hot exhaust gas channels (DE 20 2015 004 026 U1). The disadvantage of this heat exchanger is its complex production.
Bekannt ist auch eine thermoelektrische Einrichtung eines Wärmeübertragers, der ebenfalls eine Schalenstruktur aufweist, wobei die thermoelektrische Einrichtung an mindestens einer der Schalen angeordnet und mit dieser wärmestromwirksam verbun den ist. Die Schalenstruktur kann unter Verwendung von 3D-Druckverfahren preis günstig hergestellt werden (DE 10 2017 109 732 A1 ). Die Erfindung ist allerdings auf die Herstellung jeweils einzelner Schalen eingeschränkt. Zudem muss die thermo elektrische Einrichtung an den Schalen befestigt werden. Also known is a thermoelectric device of a heat exchanger, which also has a shell structure, wherein the thermoelectric device is arranged on at least one of the shells and verbun with this heat flow effective is the. The shell structure can be produced inexpensively using 3D printing processes (DE 10 2017 109 732 A1). The invention, however, is on the production of individual shells is restricted. In addition, the thermo-electrical device must be attached to the shells.
Ferner ist eine Struktur zur Temperierung von Festkörpern und Behältnissen bekannt, in die nach dem Prinzip des Peltier- oder des Thomson-Effektes arbeitende thermo elektrische Temperierungselemente integriert sind. Sowohl die Struktur selbst als auch eine Kombination aus Struktur und Anode des Peltier-Elements kann mittels additiver Konstruktionen in Form eines 3D-Druckers erstellt werden (DE 10 2016 012 795 A1 ). Nachteilig ist, dass diese Strukturen nur zur Temperierung und Kühlung von Festkör pern und Behältnissen geeignet sind. Zur Leitung eines Mediums sind sie nicht ohne weiteres geeignet, sondern müssten dazu immer mit einer dichten Umhüllung verse hen werden. Eine Anwendung beispielsweise an schalenförmigen Wärmeübertragern ist daher nicht oder nur eingeschränkt unter Inkaufnahme einer entsprechend großen Bauweise möglich. Zudem kann die Struktur nur zusammen mit einer Kontaktebene der Peltier-Elemente durch additive Verfahren hergestellt werden. Die Peltier-Ele mente selbst müssen nachträglich an dem gedruckten Teil komplettiert werden Furthermore, a structure for temperature control of solids and containers is known, in which thermoelectric temperature control elements operating on the principle of the Peltier or Thomson effect are integrated. Both the structure itself and a combination of structure and anode of the Peltier element can be created by means of additive constructions in the form of a 3D printer (DE 10 2016 012 795 A1). The disadvantage is that these structures are only suitable for the temperature control and cooling of solid bodies and containers. They are not readily suitable for conducting a medium, but would always have to be provided with a tight cover. An application, for example, on shell-shaped heat exchangers is therefore not possible or only possible to a limited extent, with the acceptance of a correspondingly large construction. In addition, the structure can only be produced together with a contact plane of the Peltier elements using additive processes. The Peltier elements themselves must be subsequently completed on the printed part
Zur Reduzierung der Baugröße von Wärmetauschern ist eine integrierte Anordnung, bestehend aus einem Mikrowärmetauscher und einem thermoelektrischen Modul be kannt, wobei der Mikrowärmetauscher einstückig mit dem thermoelektrischen Modul thermisch leitend verbunden bzw. gebildet ist. Der Mikrowärmetauscher weist mehrere durchgehende Kanäle mit einem Durchmesser kleiner als 1 mm auf, durch die ein flu ides Wärmetauschmedium strömen kann. Zur einstückigen Verbindung weist der Mik rowärmetauscher einen angeformten Behälter auf, der die p- und n-leitenden thermo elektrischen Materialstücke aufnimmt. Der Mikrowärmetauscher mit dem angeformten Behälter kann durch selektives Lasersintern hergestellt werden (EP 2 764 555 B1 ). Der Nachteil dieses Mikrowärmetauschers besteht in dem Erfordernis der Anordnung eines separaten Behältnisses für die thermoelektrischen Elemente. Zudem ist seine Anwendung auf solche Wärmetauscher begrenzt, die ein verhältnismäßig geringes Fluidvolumen durchzuleiten haben. To reduce the size of heat exchangers, an integrated arrangement consisting of a micro heat exchanger and a thermoelectric module is known, the micro heat exchanger being integrally connected or formed in a thermally conductive manner to the thermoelectric module. The micro heat exchanger has several continuous channels with a diameter of less than 1 mm, through which a fluid heat exchange medium can flow. For one-piece connection, the Mik rowärmetauscher has an integrally formed container that receives the p- and n-conductive thermoelectric material pieces. The micro heat exchanger with the molded container can be produced by selective laser sintering (EP 2 764 555 B1). The disadvantage of this micro heat exchanger is the need to arrange a separate container for the thermoelectric elements. In addition, its application is limited to those heat exchangers which have a relatively small volume of fluid to pass through.
Es ist auch bekannt, thermoelektrische Generatoren an sich, also unabhängig von ei ner konkreten Verwendung derselben, mittels additiver Verfahren herzustellen. Hierbei werden die Halbleiterkomponenten des n- und p-Typs jeweils separat auf eine nicht- leitende Platte mittels eines 3D-Druckers aufgebracht und die beiden bedruckten Plat ten abschließend zusammengefügt (US 9,882, 1 1 1 B2). Der Nachteil dieses Verfah rens besteht darin, dass die auf die beschriebene Weise hergestellten thermoelektri schen Generatoren noch mit Bauteilen oder Komponenten komplettiert werden müs sen, was insbesondere bei den oben beschriebenen Schalenstrukturen von Wärme übertragern nicht möglich ist. It is also known to produce thermoelectric generators per se, that is to say independently of their specific use, by means of additive processes. Here the semiconductor components of the n- and p-type are each separately on a non- Conductive plate applied by means of a 3D printer and the two printed plates finally joined together (US 9,882, 1 1 1 B2). The disadvantage of this method is that the thermoelectric generators produced in the manner described still have to be completed with parts or components, which is not possible in particular with the shell structures of heat exchangers described above.
Bekannt ist ferner eine Einrichtung zur Erzeugung von elektrischer Energie, die eine geteilte, ein Rohr umschließende Manschette, einen diese koaxial umgebenden ersten und zweiten Trägerring, mindestens einen ersten und zweiten Thermogenerator sowie einen ersten und zweiten Mantel umfasst. Jeder Trägerring weist eine erste, radial von der Manschette beabstandete ebene Stirnfläche auf. Der erste Thermogenerator ist an der ersten ebenen Stirnfläche des ersten Trägerrings und der zweite Thermogene rator ist an der ersten ebenen Stirnfläche des zweiten Trägerrings angeordnet. Der erste Mantel ist zum Schutz des mindestens einen ersten und der zweite Mantel zum Schutz des mindestens einen zweiten Thermogenerators jeweils um diesen angeord net. Jeder Mantel weist eine ebene Fläche sowie ein erstes und ein zweites Ende auf. Die ersten und zweiten Enden jedes Mantels sind um das Rohr herum trennbar und austauschbar angeordnet. Die Trägerringe sind jeweils an ihren freien Flächen mit Rippen versehen (US 10 128 427 B2). Also known is a device for generating electrical energy, which comprises a split sleeve enclosing a tube, a first and second support ring coaxially surrounding this, at least one first and second thermal generator and a first and second jacket. Each carrier ring has a first flat end face spaced radially from the collar. The first thermal generator is arranged on the first flat end face of the first support ring and the second thermogenerator is arranged on the first flat end face of the second support ring. The first jacket is arranged to protect the at least one first and the second jacket to protect the at least one second thermal generator around the latter. Each shell has a flat surface and first and second ends. The first and second ends of each jacket are separably and interchangeably arranged around the tube. The carrier rings are each provided with ribs on their free surfaces (US 10 128 427 B2).
Schließlich ist ein Thermogeneratorelement zur Gewinnung von elektrischer Energie aus Abwärme bekannt, das aus einem Paar zylindrischer Elektroden besteht, die kon zentrisch aufgebaut und in einem vorbestimmten Intervall angeordnet sind und Strom anschlüsse aufweisen. Das Thermogeneratorelement weist eine erweiterte Fleizfläche auf, hat einen hocheffizienten elektrischen Wirkungsgrad und ist widerstandsfähig ge genüber rauen Umweltbedingungen. Die Elektroden bestehen aus einem Gemisch aus Tellur, Wismut, Zinn, Antimon, Nickel, Blei und einer geringen Menge Metall (JP 2010 245 492 A). Finally, a thermogenerator element for generating electrical energy from waste heat is known, which consists of a pair of cylindrical electrodes that are constructed concentrically and are arranged at a predetermined interval and have power connections. The thermogenerator element has an expanded surface area, has a highly efficient electrical efficiency and is resistant to harsh environmental conditions. The electrodes consist of a mixture of tellurium, bismuth, tin, antimony, nickel, lead and a small amount of metal (JP 2010 245 492 A).
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, mit Thermogeneratoren versehene Wärme übertrager ohne Festlegung auf eine bestimmte Form entwickeln zu können, in die die Thermogeneratoren bereits integriert sind. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es ferner, ein Verfahren zur kostengünstigen Fierstellung von mit Thermogeneratoren versehenen Wärmeübertragern zu entwickeln, das eine Integration der Thermogeneratoren in den Fierstellungsprozess der Wärmeübertrager ermöglicht, so dass eine nachträgliche In stallation der Thermogeneratoren in die Wärmeübertrager entfallen kann. The invention is based on the object of being able to develop heat exchangers provided with thermal generators without being restricted to a specific shape in which the thermal generators are already integrated. The object of the invention is also to provide a method for the cost-effective setting of thermogenerators provided with To develop heat exchangers that allow the integration of the thermal generators in the heating process of the heat exchangers, so that subsequent installation of the thermal generators in the heat exchangers is not necessary.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale der Ansprü che 1 und/oder 5 gelöst. The object is achieved according to the invention by the characterizing features of claims 1 and / or 5.
Die Erfindung und ihre Vorteile The invention and its advantages
Der modulartige Aufbau der Wärmeübertrager ermöglicht es, Wärmeübertrager quasi unabhängig von ihrer Form und Anordnung durch additive Verfahren, insbesondere 3D-Druckverfahren, herzustellen. Dadurch können auch in ihrer Gestaltung kompli zierte Wärmeübertrager, insbesondere solche, die eine schalenförmige Struktur auf weisen, kostengünstig hergestellt werden. Die Fertigung der Thermogeneratoren kann in den Fertigungsprozess der Module integriert werden. Der Wärmeübertrager wird quasi unabhängig von seiner Form und Anordnung bereits bei seiner Fierstellung mit den Thermogeneratoren versehen. Der modulartige Aufbau ermöglicht auch die An wendung des Baukastenprinzips, wobei der Wärmeübertrager, ähnlich wie bei einem Steckbaukastensystem, aus einzelnen Komponenten zusammengesetzt wird. Durch Aneinanderreihung der Komponenten können die Abmessungen der Wärmeübertra ger auf einfache Weise variiert werden. The modular structure of the heat exchangers makes it possible to manufacture heat exchangers virtually independently of their shape and arrangement using additive processes, in particular 3D printing processes. As a result, heat exchangers that are complicated in their design, in particular those that have a shell-shaped structure, can be manufactured inexpensively. The production of the thermal generators can be integrated into the production process of the modules. The heat exchanger is provided with the thermal generators as it were, regardless of its shape and arrangement, when it is in its lowering position. The modular structure also enables the use of the modular principle, with the heat exchanger being composed of individual components, similar to a modular system. The dimensions of the heat exchangers can easily be varied by lining up the components.
Das wird dadurch erreicht, dass jeder der mindestens zwei Strömungskanäle des Wär meübertragers aus einzelnen Modulen zusammengesetzt ist, wobei in jedes Modul die thermoelektrischen Generatoren integriert sind und jedes Modul Mittel zur Sammlung und/oder Ableitung der gewonnenen Thermospannung sowie an seinen freien Kanten Mittel zur dichten Steckverbindung mit einem benachbarten Modul aufweist. This is achieved in that each of the at least two flow channels of the heat exchanger is composed of individual modules, the thermoelectric generators being integrated into each module and means for collecting and / or dissipating the thermal voltage obtained and means for sealing on its free edges Has plug connection with an adjacent module.
Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung besteht jedes Modul aus min destens zwei schalenförmigen Elementen, die einander koaxial gegenüberliegend zu mindest einen Teilabschnitt eines Strömungskanals bilden. Dadurch ist es auf einfache Weise möglich, auch sehr kompakte, aus einem Bündel koaxial ineinander angeord neter Strömungskanäle bestehende Wärmeübertrager zu bauen. Nach einer anderweitigen vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung bilden mehrere, einen Teilabschnitt bildende Module koaxial aneinandergereiht, einen Strömungska nal. Dadurch sind beliebig lange Strömungskanäle aus gleichartigen Komponenten herstellbar. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, each module consists of at least two shell-shaped elements that form at least one section of a flow channel coaxially opposite one another. This makes it possible in a simple manner to build very compact heat exchangers consisting of a bundle of flow channels arranged coaxially one inside the other. According to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, a plurality of modules forming a partial section, strung together coaxially, form a flow channel. As a result, flow channels of any length can be produced from components of the same type.
Nach einer zusätzlichen vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist zwischen zwei axial aneinandergereihten Modulen mindestens ein Spannungsableiter angeordnet. Das hat den Vorteil, dass die elektrischen Ströme oder Spannungen an die möglichen Energiegehalte des Fluides angepasst werden können, d. h. die Ableitung der elektri schen Ströme oder Spannungen in Abhängigkeit des jeweiligen Energiegehaltes des Fluides erfolgen kann. According to an additional advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least one voltage arrester is arranged between two axially aligned modules. This has the advantage that the electrical currents or voltages can be adapted to the possible energy content of the fluid, i. H. the derivation of the electrical currents or voltages can take place depending on the respective energy content of the fluid.
Das Verfahren zur Fierstellung von Wärmeübertragern mit Thermogeneratoren ermög licht eine kostengünstige Fierstellung der Komponenten der Wärmeübertrager und da mit der Wärmeübertrager selbst. The method for setting heat exchangers with thermal generators made light a cost-effective setting for the components of the heat exchangers and, therefore, with the heat exchanger itself.
Bei einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführung des Verfahrens wird zur Fierstellung ei nes Moduls mittels 3D-Druckverfahren zunächst ein Mischgrünling aus mit sinterfähi gen Partikeln unterschiedlicher keramischer Komponenten hoch gefüllter Thermoplast hergestellt, wobei mindestens eine keramische Komponente Eigenschaften zur ther moelektrischen Umwandlung von Wärme in elektrische Energie aufweist, d. h. die Vor aussetzungen zur Generierung eines thermoelektrischen Generators besitzt. Anschlie ßend werden die thermoplastischen Bestandteile durch eine Wärmebehandlung ent fernt. Das so entstandene anorganische Feststoffgerüst wird in einem nachfolgenden Sinterprozess bei höheren Temperaturen zu einem Strukturteil mit elektrischen Kon- taktierungs- und Verbindungselementen verfestigt. In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method, a mixed green compact made of thermoplastic highly filled with sinterable particles of different ceramic components is first produced to create a module using a 3D printing process, at least one ceramic component having properties for the thermoelectric conversion of heat into electrical energy, d. H. the prerequisites for generating a thermoelectric generator. The thermoplastic components are then removed by heat treatment. The resulting inorganic solid structure is solidified in a subsequent sintering process at higher temperatures to form a structural part with electrical contacting and connecting elements.
Eine anderweitige vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens besteht darin, dass die Module mittels elektrisch leitfähiger Steckverbindungen zu Strömungskanälen anein andergefügt werden. Dadurch werden lediglich am Anfang oder am Ende des Strö mungskanals Spannungsableiter benötigt. Another advantageous embodiment of the method consists in that the modules are attached to one another by means of electrically conductive plug connections to form flow channels. This means that voltage arresters are only required at the beginning or at the end of the flow channel.
Weitere Vorteile und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind der nachfolgen den Beschreibung, den Ansprüchen und den Zeichnungen entnehmbar. Zeichnung Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the following description, claims and drawings. drawing
Ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Wärmeübertragers mit Thermogenerator ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im Folgenden näher erläutert. A preferred exemplary embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the invention with a thermal generator is shown in the drawing and is explained in more detail below.
Beschreibung der Ausführungsbeispiele Description of the exemplary embodiments
Die Figur zeigt einen Wärmeübertrager senkrecht stehend in einer räumlichen Darstel lung, wobei zum Erkennen seines modulartigen Aufbaus nur einige innere Strömungs kanäle dargestellt sind. The figure shows a heat exchanger standing vertically in a spatial presen- tation, with only a few inner flow channels being shown for recognizing its modular structure.
Der Wärmeübertrager weist eine Flauptachse 1 auf und besteht aus einem Bündel koaxial zueinander angeordneter zylindrischer Strömungskanäle, wie sie beispiels weise in dem Gebrauchsmuster DE 20 2015 004 026 U1 dargestellt und beschrieben sind. Die Strömungskanäle werden im vorliegenden Beispiel jeweils durch Zylinder halbschalen 2 gebildet, die modulartig koaxial zu einem Zylinderelement 3 und axial aneinandergereiht die Wandung der Strömungskanäle bildend, vorteilhafterweise durch Steckverbindungen zusammengefügt werden. Die Schalen können auch jede andere Form aufweisen, wesentlich ist lediglich, dass sie sich zu einem geschlossenen Strömungskanal zusammensetzen lassen. Die Zylinderhalbschalen 2 und demzufolge auch die aus zwei axial in gleicher Flöhe gegenüberliegenden Zylinderhalbschalen 2 gebildeten Zylinderelemente 3 sind mit einem von innen nach außen gesehen größer werdenden Durchmesser versehen, so dass sich bei ihrer koaxialen Anordnung ring förmige Strömungskanäle zwischen den Zylinderelementen ausbilden. In der unteren Hälfte des Wärmeübertragers ist beispielhaft ein sich zwischen den Zylinderelementen 3 entstandener Strömungskanal 4 dargestellt. Aus der vorliegenden Darstellung ist zu erkennen, dass die koaxial um die Flauptachse 1 befindliche innerste Wandung des Wärmeübertragers, die gleichzeitig auch die Innenwandung des ersten Strömungska nals 4 bildet, bereits fertiggestellt ist und Zylinderhalbschalen 2 für die Außenwandung dieses Strömungskanals 4 teilweise gefügt sind. The heat exchanger has a main axis 1 and consists of a bundle of cylindrical flow channels arranged coaxially to one another, as illustrated and described, for example, in the utility model DE 20 2015 004 026 U1. In the present example, the flow channels are each formed by cylinder half-shells 2, which, in a modular manner, coaxially to a cylinder element 3 and axially strung together to form the wall of the flow channels, are advantageously joined together by plug connections. The shells can also have any other shape, the only essential thing is that they can be assembled to form a closed flow channel. The cylinder half-shells 2 and consequently also the cylinder elements 3 formed from two axially opposite cylinder half-shells 2 are provided with a diameter that increases from the inside to the outside, so that when they are coaxial, ring-shaped flow channels are formed between the cylinder elements. In the lower half of the heat exchanger, a flow channel 4 created between the cylinder elements 3 is shown as an example. From the present illustration it can be seen that the innermost wall of the heat exchanger located coaxially around the main axis 1, which at the same time also forms the inner wall of the first flow channel 4, has already been completed and cylinder half-shells 2 for the outer wall of this flow channel 4 are partially joined.
Insbesondere bei den untersten Zylinderhalbschalen 2 ist zu erkennen, dass diese jeweils an ihrem Außenmantel mit in axialer Richtung meanderförmig geführten ther- moelektrischen Generatoren 5 versehen sind, die im Zuge der Herstellung der Zylin derhalbschalen 2 durch 3D-Druck-Verfahren auf diese aufgebracht werden. Da die thermoelektrischen Generatoren 5 in der Regel auf der Außenseite eines das wärmere Medium führenden Strömungskanals 4 angeordnet sind, werden diese von dem küh leren Medium umströmt. Particularly in the case of the lowermost cylinder half-shells 2, it can be seen that they each have on their outer surface with thermal meandering in the axial direction. Moelectric generators 5 are provided, which are applied in the course of the production of the Zylin derhalbschalen 2 by 3D printing processes on this. Since the thermoelectric generators 5 are usually arranged on the outside of a flow channel 4 carrying the warmer medium, the cooler medium flows around them.
Bei Annahme einer von unten nach oben gerichteten Fluidströmung weist der Wärme tauscher an seiner unteren Stirnseite einen Fluidstromverteiler 6 auf, der die beiden in getrennten Zuführrohren ankommenden Fluide unterschiedlicher Temperatur abwech selnd in einen heißen und einen kühlen Strömungskanal 4 aufteilt. An seiner oberen Stirnseite befindet sich ein Fluidstromsammler 7, der die beiden Fluide aus den ge trennten Strömungskanälen 4 wieder in jeweils einem Abführrohr sammelt. Die Ober seite des Fluidstromverteilers 6 ist zur Realisierung einer Steckverbindung mit Boh rungen 8 zur Aufnahme für an der Unterseite der Schalen 2 angeordneten, nicht näher dargestellten Stiften versehen. Etwa in der Mitte zwischen dem Fluidstromverteiler 6 und dem Fluidstromsammler 7 ist ein Spannungsableiter 9 angeordnet, der mit nicht näher dargestellten elektrischen Sammelschienen zur elektrisch leitenden Verbindung mit den Kontakten der Schalen 2 versehen ist. Der Spannungsableiter 9 ist an seiner Oberseite mit Stiften 10 versehen, auf die die Zylinderhalbschalen 2 mit den in ihre Unterseite eingebrachten Bohrungen aufgesteckt werden. Assuming a bottom-up fluid flow, the heat exchanger has a fluid flow distributor 6 on its lower face, which alternately divides the two fluids of different temperatures arriving in separate supply pipes into a hot and a cool flow channel 4. At its upper end there is a fluid flow collector 7, which collects the two fluids from the separate flow channels 4 again in a respective discharge pipe. The upper side of the fluid flow distributor 6 is provided to realize a plug connection with Boh stanchions 8 for receiving for on the underside of the shells 2 arranged, not shown pins. Arranged approximately in the middle between the fluid flow distributor 6 and the fluid flow collector 7 is a voltage arrester 9 which is provided with electrical busbars (not shown in detail) for the electrically conductive connection to the contacts of the shells 2. The voltage arrester 9 is provided on its upper side with pins 10, onto which the cylinder half-shells 2 with the bores made in their underside are plugged.
Jeweils an der Oberseite des Fluidstromverteilers 6, des Fluidstromsammler 7 und des Spannungsableiters 9 ist anhand der konvex verlaufenden Kreisringe die Bün del-Struktur der Strömungskanäle 4 erkennbar. In each case on the upper side of the fluid flow distributor 6, the fluid flow collector 7 and the voltage diverter 9, the bundle structure of the flow channels 4 can be seen on the basis of the convex circular rings.
Alle hier dargestellten Merkmale können sowohl einzeln als auch in beliebiger Kombi nation miteinander erfindungswesentlich sein. Bezugszahlenliste All the features shown here can be essential to the invention both individually and in any combination with one another. Reference number list
1 Hauptachse 1 main axis
2 Zylinderhalbschale 2 cylinder half-shell
3 Zylinderelement 3 cylinder element
4 Strömungskanal 4 flow channel
5 Thermoelektrischer Generator 5 Thermoelectric generator
6 Fluidstromverteiler 6 fluid flow distributor
7 Fluidstromsammler 7 fluid flow collector
8 Bohrungen 8 holes
9 Spannungsableiter 9 surge arresters
10 Stifte 10 pens

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Wärmeübertrager mit Thermogenerator, bestehend aus 1. Heat exchanger with thermal generator, consisting of
- mindestens zwei in wärmeübertragendem Kontakt koaxial zueinander ange ordneten Strömungskanälen (4) für zwei einen Temperaturgradienten aufwei sende Fluide, die jeweils einen der mindestens zwei Strömungskanäle (4) durchströmen, wobei jeweils an der Außenwandung des das heißere Fluid füh renden Strömungskanals (4) thermoelektrische Generatoren (5) wärmestrom wirksam angeordnet sind, - At least two in heat-transferring contact coaxially arranged flow channels (4) for two a temperature gradient aufwei transmitting fluids, each of which flow through one of the at least two flow channels (4), each on the outer wall of the hotter fluid leading flow channel (4) thermoelectric Generators (5) heat flow are effectively arranged,
- einem Fluidstromverteiler (6) und - A fluid flow distributor (6) and
- einem Fluidstromsammler (7), - a fluid flow collector (7),
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass jeder der mindestens zwei Strömungskanäle (4) des Wärmeübertragers aus einzelnen Modulen zusammengesetzt ist, wobei in jedes Modul die thermoelektri schen Generatoren (5) integriert sind und jedes Modul Mittel zur Sammlung und/oder Ableitung der gewonnenen Thermospannung sowie an seinen freien Kanten Mittel zur dichten Steckverbindung mit einem benachbarten Modul auf weist. that each of the at least two flow channels (4) of the heat exchanger is composed of individual modules, with the thermoelectric generators (5) being integrated into each module and each module has means for collecting and / or dissipating the thermal voltage obtained and means for tight plug connection with an adjacent module has.
2. Wärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 1 , 2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass jedes Modul aus mindestens zwei schalenförmigen Elementen (2) besteht, die einander koaxial gegenüberliegend zumindest einen Teilabschnitt eines Strö mungskanals bilden. that each module consists of at least two shell-shaped elements (2) which, coaxially opposite one another, form at least part of a section of a flow channel.
3. Wärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 2, 3. Heat exchanger according to claim 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass mehrere, einen Teilabschnitt bildende Module koaxial aneinandergereiht, einen Strömungskanal bilden. that several modules forming a partial section, lined up coaxially, form a flow channel.
4. Wärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 3, 4. Heat exchanger according to claim 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass zwischen zwei axial aneinandergereihten Modulen ein Spannungsableiter (9) angeordnet ist. that a voltage arrester (9) is arranged between two axially aligned modules.
5. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wärmeübertragers mit Thermogeneratoren, be stehend aus 5. A method for producing a heat exchanger with thermal generators, be available from
- mindestens zwei in wärmeübertragendem Kontakt koaxial zueinander ange ordneten Strömungskanälen (4) für zwei einen Temperaturgradienten aufwei sende Fluide, die jeweils einen der mindestens zwei Strömungskanäle durch strömen, wobei jeweils an der Außenwandung des das heißere Medium füh renden Strömungskanals (4) thermoelektrische Generatoren (5) wärmestrom wirksam angeordnet sind, - At least two flow channels (4) arranged coaxially with one another in heat-transferring contact for two fluids having a temperature gradient, each of which flows through one of the at least two flow channels, with thermoelectric generators (4) on the outer wall of the flow channel (4) leading the hotter medium ( 5) heat flow are effectively arranged,
- einem Fluidstromverteiler (6), - a fluid flow distributor (6),
- einem Fluidstromsammler (7), - a fluid flow collector (7),
- wobei zumindest Teile des Wärmeübertragers mittels 3D-Druckverfahren her gestellt werden, - where at least parts of the heat exchanger are produced using 3D printing processes,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass jeder der mindestens zwei Strömungskanäle (4) des Wärmeübertragers aus einzelnen Modulen zusammengesetzt wird, in die die thermoelektrischen Gene ratoren (5) bereits bei der Herstellung der Module mittels 3D-Druckverfahren in tegriert werden. that each of the at least two flow channels (4) of the heat exchanger is composed of individual modules, into which the thermoelectric generators (5) are already integrated during the manufacture of the modules using 3D printing processes.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, 6. The method according to claim 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass zur Herstellung eines Moduls mittels 3D-Druckverfahren zunächst ein Mischgrünling aus mit sinterfähigen Partikeln unterschiedlicher keramischer Komponenten hoch gefüllter Thermoplast hergestellt wird, wobei mindestens eine keramische Komponente Eigenschaften zur thermoelektrischen Umwand lung von Wärme in elektrische Energie aufweist, that for the production of a module by means of the 3D printing process, a mixed green compact is first produced from thermoplastic highly filled with sinterable particles of different ceramic components, with at least one ceramic component having properties for the thermoelectric conversion of heat into electrical energy,
dass anschließend die thermoplastischen Bestandteile durch eine Wärmebe handlung entfernt werden und das so entstandene anorganische Feststoffgerüst in einem nachfolgenden Sinterprozess bei höheren Temperaturen zu einem Strukturteil mit elektrischen Kontaktierungs- und Verbindungselementen verfes tigt wird. that then the thermoplastic components are removed by a heat treatment and the resulting inorganic solid structure is taken in a subsequent sintering process at higher temperatures to a structural part with electrical contacting and connecting elements.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, 7. The method according to claim 5 or 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass die Module mittels elektrisch leitfähiger Steckverbindungen zu Strömungs kanälen aneinandergefügt werden. that the modules are joined together to form flow channels using electrically conductive plug connections.
PCT/DE2020/100507 2019-06-18 2020-06-17 Heat exchanger comprising a thermogenerator, and method for manufacturing heat exchangers comprising thermogenerators WO2020253913A1 (en)

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