WO2020248555A1 - 一种pcb动态导通可靠性测试方法 - Google Patents

一种pcb动态导通可靠性测试方法 Download PDF

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WO2020248555A1
WO2020248555A1 PCT/CN2019/125105 CN2019125105W WO2020248555A1 WO 2020248555 A1 WO2020248555 A1 WO 2020248555A1 CN 2019125105 W CN2019125105 W CN 2019125105W WO 2020248555 A1 WO2020248555 A1 WO 2020248555A1
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resistivity
temperature
wire
test
resistance
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PCT/CN2019/125105
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French (fr)
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黄明安
胡小义
刘天明
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四会富仕电子科技股份有限公司
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/28Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
    • G01R31/2801Testing of printed circuits, backplanes, motherboards, hybrid circuits or carriers for multichip packages [MCP]
    • G01R31/281Specific types of tests or tests for a specific type of fault, e.g. thermal mapping, shorts testing
    • G01R31/2817Environmental-, stress-, or burn-in tests

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of PCB testing, in particular to a PCB dynamic conduction reliability testing method.
  • PCB Printed Circuit Board
  • PCB also known as printed circuit board or printed circuit board. Its main function is to connect various electronic components and components through circuits to play the role of conduction and transmission. It is a key electronic interconnection of electronic products.
  • PCB production process is very complicated.
  • the birth of a PCB requires drilling, copper sinking, electroplating, etching... and many other processes. In each process, it may be due to equipment parameter problems, external environmental problems, or personnel operation problems. , Or due to process formulation issues, these many possible factors are mixed together, which may cause hidden quality problems in PCB products.
  • the thermal expansion of the PCB board may cause problems in the connection of the inner circuit. Such problems will affect the integrity of the signal transmission of the PCB circuit, and there may also be a potential risk of failure of electronic products.
  • PCB board simulation test tests mostly use tests such as IR test, hot oil test, thermal shock, etc.
  • the above test methods are to compare the on-resistance at the same temperature before and after heating or cooling, and return to the same temperature.
  • the cracks between the back conducting lines may also be restored to the connected state. This method cannot find out the specific temperature at which the cracks are generated, and even the cracks actually produced cannot be found.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings in the prior art, and proposes a PCB dynamic conduction reliability test method.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solution, a PCB dynamic conduction reliability test method, which is characterized in that it specifically includes the following steps.
  • Heating test The oven is heated, and the maximum temperature generally does not exceed the maximum temperature that the PCB can withstand. During the heating process, the temperature of the oven and the resistance value displayed by the corresponding four-wire resistance meter are dynamically recorded.
  • Cooling test Turn off the heating of the oven to cool down, and dynamically record the temperature of the oven and the corresponding resistance.
  • Resistivity 0.0165+temperature°C*6.8*10 -5
  • Resistivity unit ohm*square millimeter/meter
  • the resistivity of different copper content is different, and the resistivity of different conductor materials is also different.
  • the above corresponding relationship will vary according to the copper content and conductor material.
  • Resistance resistivity * wire length / wire cross-sectional area Unit: ⁇
  • Resistance/resistivity wire length/wire cross-sectional area Unit: meter/square millimeter
  • the present invention provides a method for testing the reliability of PCB dynamic conduction.
  • the present invention can separate PCB products such as: hole bottom separation, blind hole broken hole, and through hole through 5 steps of testing. Broken holes, radium shot penetration, residual glue at the bottom of the hole, foreign body broken holes, through-hole ICD, blind hole folding plating, through hole folding plating, plating hole broken and other problems are detected.
  • the present invention will not cause damage to good PCB products, and products that pass the test will not affect product shipments, which is a non-destructive test;
  • the test of the present invention consumes relatively short time, has good timeliness, and can quickly feedback the defect problem, so that the production process can be adjusted and improved in time, and unnecessary scrap loss can be avoided.
  • a PCB dynamic conduction reliability test method which specifically includes the following steps:
  • Preparation for measurement select a test circuit with vias, connect the four-wire resistance tester with heat-resistant wires (heat-resistant 300°C) at both ends, weld DRIVE+ and DRIVE- at the outermost end, and weld SENSOR+ close to the outermost end SENSOR-, DRIVE+ and SENSOR+ are at the same end, DRIVE- and SENSOR- are at the other end, the measuring range of the resistance meter is set to 20m ⁇ , the measurement speed is slow test, and the test board is placed in the oven with the highest temperature resistance of 200°C , Carry out resistance measurement on both ends of the test loop, and do not move the oven, test board, tester and connecting wire in the subsequent heating, cooling and measurement process.
  • heat-resistant wires heat-resistant 300°C
  • heating test when the measured value change range is less than 5% at normal temperature, the oven is heated up, the highest temperature is set to 155°C, and the heating rate is lower than 10°C/min, so that the temperature of the test board and the oven display The temperature error does not exceed 5°C. Record the temperature of the oven and the corresponding resistance every 5-10°C.
  • Cooling test No cooling test is done.
  • Resistivity 0.0165+temperature°C*6.8*10 -5
  • Resistivity unit ohm*square millimeter/meter
  • Resistance resistivity * wire length / wire cross-sectional area
  • the fluctuation range of the length/cross-sectional area compared with the average value is less than 5%.
  • the value of the length/cross-sectional area exceeds the average value by 10%, it is considered that a crack has occurred at this time, so it can be considered as the circuit of this measurement.
  • the conduction reliability is good, and there is no crack in the range of 33-155°C.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Resistance To Weather, Investigating Materials By Mechanical Methods (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Abstract

一种PCB动态导通可靠性测试方法,采用以下步骤实现:S1、准备量测;S2、升温测试;S3、降温测试;S4、建立温度与电阻率的对应关系;S5、测量数据分析。

Description

一种PCB动态导通可靠性测试方法 技术领域
本发明涉及PCB测试技术领域,尤其涉及一种PCB动态导通可靠性测试方法。
背景技术
印制电路板(Printed Circuit Board,简称“PCB”),又称印制线路板或印刷线路板。其主要功能是使各种电子元器组件通过电路进行连接,起到导通和传输的作用,是电子产品的关键电子互连件。
几乎每种电子设备都离不开印制电路板,因为其提供各种电子元器件固定装配的机械支撑、实现其间的布线和电气连接或电绝缘、提供所要求的电气特性等,其制造品质直接影响电子产品的稳定性和使用寿命,并且影响***产品整体竞争力,有“电子产品之母”之称。
PCB的生产过程非常复杂,一块PCB的诞生需要经历钻孔,沉铜,电镀,蚀刻…等等诸多工序,每一道工序中,或因设备参数问题,或因外部环境问题,或因人员操作问题,或因工艺配方问题,这诸多可能存在的因素掺杂在一起,可能会导致PCB成品出现品质隐患。
在电子产品的生产过程中,需要在PCB板材上贴装和焊接各式各样的电子元器件,所以PCB需要经历热风回焊炉或波峰焊等高温生产制程。
在此类高温制程中,PCB板材的热膨胀可能会导致内层线路的连接出现问题,此类问题会影响PCB电路信号传输的完整性,也可能存在电子产品功能失效的潜在风险。
通常此类问题在PCB板材风险中等级较高,影响范围较广,会导致PCB板生产工厂的巨额经济赔偿损失。
目前PCB板模拟测试试验大多使用如IR测试,热油测试,冷热冲击等测试,上述测试方法均是经过加热或者冷却前后,在相同的温度下比较导通电阻,而在恢复到相同温度下后导通线路间的裂隙也有可能恢复到连通状态,这种方法也就不能找出具体的产生裂隙的温度,甚至实际产生了裂隙而不能被发现。
因此需要设一种PCB动态导通可靠性测试,能弥补以上测试方法的不足,可以找出具体裂隙产生的温度区间。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术中存在的缺点,而提出的一种PCB动态导通可靠性测试方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用了如下技术方案,一种PCB动态导通可靠性测试方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤。
S1、准备量测:测试回路的两端用耐热电线连接四线微阻仪,把测试板放入烤箱中,对测试回路的两端进行阻值量测,后面的升温和量测过程不对烤箱、测试板、测试仪和连接线做任何移动。
S2、升温测试:对烤箱进行升温,最高温度一般不超过PCB耐受的最高温度,升温过程中动态记录烤箱的温度和对应的四线微阻仪显示的阻值。
S3、降温测试:关闭烤箱加热进行降温,动态记录烤箱的温度和对应的阻值。
S4、建立温度与电阻率的对应关系,温度与电阻率呈线性关系,PCB的导线是铜,而铜在不同温度下的电阻率通过查表可以得出基本的对应关系,也可通过实际测量一段已知长度和截面积的均匀导线,温度与电阻率对应关系如下:
电阻率=0.0165+温度℃*6.8*10 -5   电阻率单位:欧姆*平方毫米/米
不同的含铜量电阻率不同,不同的导体材料电阻率也不同,以上对应关系依据铜含量和导体材料会有所变化。
S5、测量数据分析
电阻=电阻率*导线长度/导线截面积  单位:Ω
电阻/电阻率=导线长度/导线截面积  单位:米/平方毫米
当在温度的变化下产生应力,导线长度不变,出现导线截面积急剧减小时(出现裂纹),长度/截面积的值会出现急剧变大的情况,体现在:实测电阻/标准电阻率的急剧变大,实际测量出的温度和电阻值建立一个表格如下:
温度℃ 实测电阻 不同温度铜的电阻率 长度/截面积
20 R 20 0_01786 R 20/0_01786
25 R 25 0_0182 R 25/0_0182
30 R 30 0_01854 R 30/0_01854
35 R 35 0_01888 R 35/0_01888
40 R 40 0_01922 R 40/0_01922
- - - -
150 R 150 0_0267 R 150/0_0267
- - - -
260 R 260 0_03418 R 260/0_03418
- - - -
上表中,当长度/截面积的值出现超出平均值10%时,认为这个时候产生了裂隙,找到对应的温度值,就可以知道是什么温度区间造成了裂隙。
在不同的温度下,材料的膨胀率不一样,产生了不同的力,在多个合力的作用下,结合力弱的部分就会被撕裂或者完全分离,此时则表现为PCB重大信赖度不良,如孔底分离,渐薄型孔破,界面型孔破,通孔ICD,盲孔ICD等。
本发明提供的一种PCB动态导通可靠性测试方法,与现有技术相比:本发明通过5个步骤的测试,即可将PCB产品中诸如:孔底分离,盲孔破孔,通孔破孔,镭射击穿,孔底残胶,异物破孔,通孔ICD,盲孔折镀,通孔折镀,电镀孔破等问题侦测出来。
本发明在测试的过程中,不会对良好的PCB产品造成损坏,经检测合格的产品不会影响产品出货,为非破环性测试;
本发明的测试所耗时间较短,时效性好,能快速反馈缺陷问题所在,以便于能及时调整及改善生产工艺,避免不必要的报废损失。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合具体实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。
应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
一种PCB动态导通可靠性测试方法,具体包括以下步骤:
S1、准备量测:选择含有过孔的测试回路,两端用耐热电线(耐热300℃)连接四线微阻仪,最外端焊接DRIVE+和DRIVE-,与最外端靠近位置焊接SENSOR+和SENSOR-,DRIVE+与SENSOR+在同一端,DRIVE-与SENSOR-在另一端,微阻仪量程设为20mΩ,测量速度为慢速测试,把测试板放入最高耐受温度为200℃的烤箱中,对测试回路的两端进行阻值量测,后面的升温、降温和量测过程不对烤箱、测试板、测试仪和连接线做任何移动。
S2、升温测试:在常温下测量值变化幅度小于5%时,对烤箱进行升温,最高温度设定为155℃,升温速率低于10℃/min,以让测试板的温度与烤箱的显示的温度误差不超过5℃,每隔5-10℃记录一次烤箱的温度和对应的阻值。
S3、降温测试:未做降温测试。
S4、温度与电阻率呈线性关系,PCB的导线是铜,而铜在不同温度下的电阻率通过查表可以得出基本的对应关系如下:
电阻率=0.0165+温度℃*6.8*10 -5   电阻率单位:欧姆*平方毫米/米
电阻=电阻率*导线长度/导线截面积
S5、测量数据分析
电阻/电阻率=长度/截面积
当在温度的变化下产生应力,导线长度不变,出现导线截面积急剧减小时(出现裂纹),长度/截面积的值会出现急剧变大的情况,体现在:实测电阻/标准电阻率的急剧变大,实际测量出的温度和电阻值建立一个表格如下:
Figure PCTCN2019125105-appb-000001
上表中,长度/截面积与平均值对比的波动幅度小于5%,一般当长度/截面积的值出现超出平均值10%时,认为这个时候产生了裂隙,所以可以认为此次测量的回路导通可靠性良好,在33-155℃范围内没有产生裂隙。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种PCB动态导通可靠性测试方法,采用以下步骤实现:
    S1、准备量测;
    S2、升温测试;
    S3、降温测试;
    S4、建立温度与电阻率的对应关系;
    S5、测量数据分析。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的测试方法,其中步骤S1为:测试回路的两端用耐热电线连接四线微阻仪,把测试板放入烤箱中,对测试回路的两端进行阻值量测,后面的升温和量测过程不对烤箱、测试板、测试仪和连接线做任何移动。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的测试方法,其中步骤S2为:对烤箱进行升温,最高温度一般不超过PCB耐受的最高温度,升温过程中动态记录烤箱的温度和对应的四线微阻仪显示的阻值。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的测试方法,其中步骤S3为:关闭烤箱加热进行降温,动态记录烤箱的温度和对应的阻值。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的测试方法,其中步骤S4为:建立温度与电阻率的对应关系,温度与电阻率呈线性关系,PCB的导线是铜,而铜在不同温度下的电阻率通过查表可以得出基本的对应关系,也可通过实际测量一段已知长度和截面积的均匀导线,温度与电阻率对应关系如下:
    电阻率=0.0165+温度℃*6.8*10 -5  电阻率单位:欧姆*平方毫米/米
    不同的含铜量电阻率不同,不同的导体材料电阻率也不同,以上对应关系依据铜含量和导体材料会有所变化。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的测试方法,其中步骤S5为:对测量数据进行分析:
    电阻=电阻率*导线长度/导线截面积   单位:欧姆
    电阻/电阻率=导线长度/导线截面积   单位:米/平方毫米
    当在温度的变化下产生应力,导线长度不变,出现导线截面积急剧减小时(出现裂纹),长度/截面积的值会出现急剧变大的情况,体现在:实测电阻/标准电阻率的急剧变大,实际测量出的温度和电阻值建立一个表格,当长度/截面积的值出现超出平均值10%时,认为这个时候产生了裂隙,找到对应的温度值,就可以知道是什么温度区间造成了裂隙。
PCT/CN2019/125105 2019-06-08 2019-12-13 一种pcb动态导通可靠性测试方法 WO2020248555A1 (zh)

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CN110146804A (zh) * 2019-06-08 2019-08-20 四会富仕电子科技股份有限公司 一种pcb动态导通可靠性测试方法

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CN112881656B (zh) * 2021-03-02 2023-03-24 中国建筑西南勘察设计研究院有限公司 隐伏可溶岩溶蚀速率及裂缝连通性的测试方法

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