WO2020248530A1 - 核电厂安全壳过滤排放***及方法 - Google Patents
核电厂安全壳过滤排放***及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020248530A1 WO2020248530A1 PCT/CN2019/121835 CN2019121835W WO2020248530A1 WO 2020248530 A1 WO2020248530 A1 WO 2020248530A1 CN 2019121835 W CN2019121835 W CN 2019121835W WO 2020248530 A1 WO2020248530 A1 WO 2020248530A1
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- Prior art keywords
- containment
- filter
- discharge
- unit
- stage filter
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
- G21C13/02—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
- G21C13/10—Means for preventing contamination in the event of leakage, e.g. double wall
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
- G21C17/003—Remote inspection of vessels, e.g. pressure vessels
- G21C17/007—Inspection of the outer surfaces of vessels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C9/00—Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices
- G21C9/004—Pressure suppression
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C9/00—Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices
- G21C9/04—Means for suppressing fires ; Earthquake protection
- G21C9/06—Means for preventing accumulation of explosives gases, e.g. recombiners
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D1/00—Details of nuclear power plant
- G21D1/02—Arrangements of auxiliary equipment
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D3/00—Control of nuclear power plant
- G21D3/04—Safety arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/02—Treating gases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear power, and specifically relates to a nuclear power plant containment filter and discharge system and method.
- the containment design must actually eliminate the possibility of nuclear power plant operating conditions that may lead to early radioactive release or large amount of radioactive release. After a serious accident in a nuclear power plant reactor, melting of the core will cause a large amount of steam and non-condensable gas to accumulate in the containment, which seriously threatens the integrity of the containment. Therefore, it is necessary to discharge these gases out of the shell through active pressure relief so that the pressure inside the containment does not exceed its bearing limit, so as to ensure the integrity of the containment.
- a pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant filter and discharge retention device with metal fiber pre-filtering dust and aerosol in the shell, and iodine adsorption and filtration functions outside the shell.
- the inner metal fiber pre-filter preliminarily filters aerosols, reduces the dust holding capacity of the filtered exhaust gas and super-sized aerosols.
- the exhaust gas is then passed through the dry iodine adsorption device outside the shell to adsorb the radioactive particles in the exhaust gas and perform controlled unloading. Pressure mode to keep the pressure inside the containment within its bearing limit and maintain the integrity of the containment.
- This solution has high requirements on the adsorption material, the device is bulky, and it is easy to cause the decay heat of the retained material in the filter device to accumulate, resulting in equipment burnout and radioactive leakage. More importantly, it is difficult to avoid local hydrogen in the device by this technology. Risk of hydrogen explosion caused by accumulation.
- the passive pressure water reactor nuclear power plant filter discharge retention device For wet filtration, it mainly provides a passive pressure water reactor nuclear power plant filter discharge retention device with water washing retention and mechanical filtration functions.
- the containment When the containment is overpressured after a serious accident, the solution is retained and discharged through the Venturi water scrubber set outside the shell.
- the present invention addresses the technical problems of hydrogen combustion and hydrogen explosion risks that exist in the prior art when the containment filter emission system is put into operation after a serious accident in a nuclear power plant, and provides a nuclear power plant containment filter emission with a hydrogen composite unit System and method.
- a nuclear power plant containment containment filter and discharge system with a hydrogen compound unit which is used to filter the gas discharged from the containment in the event of a serious accident, including: discharge pipeline assembly And the first-stage filter unit and the second-stage filter unit arranged on the discharge pipeline assembly; the discharge pipeline assembly has one end connected to the containment vessel for controllably transporting the exhaust gas in the containment vessel to the first-stage filter unit;
- the first-stage filter unit is used to wash and filter the exhaust gas, and perform hydrogen removal treatment on the exhaust gas after the washing and filtration;
- the second-stage filter unit is connected in series with the first-stage filter unit for removing hydrogen
- the exhaust gas is filtered with methyl iodide, and the filtered exhaust gas that meets the requirements is discharged to the atmosphere.
- the discharge pipeline assembly includes a first electric containment isolation valve and a second electric containment isolation valve connected in series to the discharge pipeline assembly, and the containment filtration and discharge system also It includes a control unit connected to the first electric containment isolation valve and the second electric containment isolation valve, and is used to remotely control the first electric containment isolation valve and the second electric containment isolation valve according to the comprehensive evaluation result of the containment in the event of a serious accident 2. Opening and closing of the electric containment isolation valve.
- the containment filter and discharge system of the present invention further includes a waste liquid return line connecting the discharge line assembly and the first-stage filter unit.
- the waste liquid return line is provided with a waste liquid return isolation valve for pressure balance. Under the conditions, the opening and closing of the waste liquid return isolation valve is controlled to realize that the waste liquid can flow back to the containment via the waste liquid return pipeline by gravity.
- the first-stage filter unit includes: a water washing filter unit, a hydrogen composite unit, and a first-stage filter container containing the water washing filter unit and the hydrogen composite unit, and the water washing filter unit is provided with At the bottom of the first-stage filter container, it includes a washing solution and a venturi nozzle immersed in the washing solution.
- the input end of the venturi nozzle passes through the first-stage filter container and is connected to the output end of the discharge pipeline through a flange for safety
- the gas discharged from the shell is transported to the washing solution; the washing solution is used to retain the aerosols and radionuclides carried in the gas discharged from the containment;
- the hydrogen recombination unit is set on the top of the first-stage filter container, including baffles, and covering
- the catalyst on the baffle plate is used to eliminate the hydrogen carried in the gas discharged from the containment after cleaning with the washing solution.
- the second-stage filtering unit is an AgX passive dry filter, which is arranged downstream of the hydrogen recombination unit and is used to retain methyl iodide carried in the gas discharged from the containment.
- the containment filtering and discharging system further includes a replenishment circuit connected to the waste liquid return line, and the replenishment circuit is provided with a first check valve, a first replenishment isolation valve, and a second liquid replenishment circuit.
- a quick connector, the first check valve, and the first replenishment isolation valve are connected with the lowest water level detector set on the first-stage filter container, and are used when the lowest water level detector detects that the water level of the washing solution is lower than the preset lowest water level
- the first check valve and the first replenishing isolation valve and connect the first quick connector to the chemical dosing device to replenish the first-stage filter container through the waste liquid circuit pipeline to ensure the filtration of the containment filter discharge system Features.
- the first check valve and the first replenishing isolation valve are also connected with a drug content detector provided on the first-stage filter container for when the drug content detector detects
- the drug content of the liquid in the chemical dosing device is reconstituted, and the first check valve and the first rehydration isolation valve are opened, and the first quick connector is connected to the chemical
- the dosing device replenishes the reconstituted liquid to the first-stage filter container through the waste liquid return pipeline to ensure the filtering function of the containment filter discharge system.
- the containment filtering and discharging system further includes a drain circuit connected to the waste liquid return line, and the drain circuit is provided with a first drain isolation valve, a second drain isolation valve, and a second drain isolation valve.
- Two quick connectors, the first drain isolation valve and the second drain isolation valve are connected with the highest water level detector set on the first-stage filter container, and are used when the highest water level detector detects that the water level of the washing solution is higher than the preset highest water level
- the containment filtering and discharging system further includes an orifice plate sequentially arranged on the discharge pipeline assembly and located downstream of the AgX passive dry filter, a blasting membrane, a size head, and a radiation monitor , And a chimney, the orifice plate is used to ensure that the containment filter discharge system is operating in a sliding pressure mode; the bursting membrane is used to rupture the bursting membrane when the system pressure reaches a preset value, and the containment exhaust gas is released
- the small head has a big head and a small head, the small head is connected with the bursting membrane, and the big head is connected with the input end of the radiation monitor, which is used to reduce the gas flow rate of the big head and reduce noise; the input of the radiation monitor is connected
- the big head end, the output end is connected to the control unit, which is used to monitor the radioactivity of the gas output by the big head end in real time, and generate the emission gas radioactivity monitoring result. If the emission gas radio
- the containment filtration and discharge system further includes a nitrogen unit connected to the first-stage filter container, and the nitrogen unit includes a nitrogen circuit, and a nitrogen cylinder arranged on the nitrogen circuit, and nitrogen isolation The valve and the nitrogen check valve.
- the nitrogen isolation valve is connected to the pressure detector set inside the first-stage filter container, and is used when the pressure detector detects that the pressure in the first-stage filter container is lower than the preset minimum pressure during the standby period of the system At the time, open the nitrogen isolation valve and nitrogen check valve to fill the first-stage filter vessel with nitrogen for maintenance.
- the containment filter discharge system further includes a balance valve arranged on the discharge pipeline assembly, the input end of the balance valve is connected with the output end of the AgX passive dry filter, and the balance valve The output end is connected with the input end of the orifice plate, and is used to close the balance valve when the containment filter discharge system needs to be overhauled to prevent the gas discharged from the containment from being discharged into the atmosphere.
- the containment filtering and discharging system further includes a safety valve connected to both ends of the balance valve, and the safety valve is connected with a pressure detector arranged inside the first-stage filter container for the When the pressure detector detects that the pressure in the first-stage filter container exceeds the preset maximum pressure, the safety valve will trip to release the pressure, ensuring the safety of the containment filter discharge system.
- the present invention also provides a method for filtering and discharging a nuclear power plant containment containment unit with a hydrogen compound unit, which includes: controllably conveying the gas discharged from the containment to a first-stage filtering unit through a discharge pipeline assembly; In the unit, the exhaust gas is washed and filtered, and the exhaust gas after the washing and filtration is subjected to hydrogen removal treatment; in the second-stage filtration unit, the exhaust gas after hydrogen removal is subjected to methyl iodide filtration, and the filtered meets the requirements The exhaust gas is discharged to the atmosphere.
- the present invention addresses the technical problems of hydrogen combustion and hydrogen explosion risks that exist when the containment filter emission system is put into operation after a serious nuclear power plant accident in the prior art.
- a nuclear power plant containment containment filter and discharge system and method with a hydrogen composite unit adopts a series structure.
- the first-stage filter container adopts a structural design of water washing and filtration and chamber condensation and reflux.
- the passive baffle catalytic hydrogen composite unit is placed in the second
- the top of the first-level filter container effectively eliminates the hydrogen in the filter discharge, and at the same time ensures the effective retention and blocking of the filtered discharge gas before being discharged to the atmosphere, and improves the safety of the filtering discharge process; the present invention adopts passive hydrogen elimination
- the organic combination of the two passive principles of passive filtration and discharge can ensure the safer operation of the filtration and discharge system under high pressure.
- Fig. 1 is a simplified structural diagram of a nuclear power plant containment filter and discharge system with a hydrogen compound unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a nuclear power plant containment containment filter and discharge system with a hydrogen compound unit provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a method for filtering and discharging a nuclear power plant containment vessel with a hydrogen recombination unit according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention aims to provide a nuclear power plant containment filter and discharge system with a hydrogen compound unit.
- the core idea is: using a series structure, the first-stage filter container adopts the structural design of water washing filtration and chamber condensation reflux, and the passive baffle catalytic hydrogen compound unit is placed on the top of the first-stage filter container, thereby effectively eliminating the filter discharge Hydrogen also ensures the effective retention and blocking of the filtered exhaust gas before being discharged into the atmosphere, and improves the safety of the filtered discharge process.
- the first embodiment of the present invention provides a nuclear power plant containment filter and discharge system with a hydrogen compound unit, which is used to filter the discharge gas from the containment 1 when a serious accident is executed.
- the system includes a discharge pipeline assembly 2, a first stage filter unit 4 and a second stage filter unit 5 arranged on the discharge pipeline assembly 2, and a control unit 3 connected with the discharge pipeline assembly 2, the input end of the discharge pipeline assembly 2 and the containment 1 It is connected to the control unit 3, and is used to controllably transmit the exhaust gas in the containment 1 to the first-stage filter unit 4 through the control unit 3 according to the comprehensive evaluation result of the containment 1 after a serious accident occurs, so that the containment 1 The internal pressure does not exceed its bearing limit, thus ensuring the integrity of the containment 1.
- the first-stage filter unit 4 is arranged on the discharge pipeline assembly 2, and is used for washing and filtering the exhaust gas, and performing hydrogen removal treatment on the exhaust gas after the washing and filtering, so as to achieve retention of aerosol and radioactivity carried in the exhaust gas.
- the purpose of nuclide and hydrogen; the second-stage filter unit 5 is connected in series with the first-stage filter unit 4, used to filter the exhaust gas after hydrogen removal with methyl iodide, and discharge the filtered exhaust gas that meets the requirements to the atmosphere .
- the radioactive substances in the exhaust gas can be filtered and retained, so that the radioactive substances inevitably released into the environment can be maintained at the lowest possible level, ensuring environmental friendliness and The public dose is safe.
- the input end of the discharge pipeline assembly 2 is connected to the containment 1 through the containment penetration 6, and the discharge pipeline assembly 2 includes a first electric containment isolation valve 201 and a second electric containment isolation valve connected in series to the discharge pipeline assembly 2.
- the electric containment isolation valve 202, the control unit 3 is connected to the first electric containment isolation valve 201 and the second electric containment isolation valve 202, which is used to remotely control the first electric safety according to the comprehensive evaluation result of the containment 1 in the event of a serious accident
- the opening and closing of the shell isolation valve 201 and the second electric containment isolation valve 202 It avoids the problem that the remote drive device of the manual remote operation valve is not anti-vibration, increases the reliability, and also avoids the dose risk of the operator, and reduces the design and construction cost of the shielding wall.
- the first stage filter unit 4 includes: a water washing filter unit 41, a hydrogen compound unit 42, and a first stage filter container 43 containing the water washing filter unit 41 and the hydrogen compound unit 42.
- the water washing filter unit 41 is arranged at the first stage.
- the bottom of the filter container 43 includes a washing solution 411 and a venturi nozzle 412 immersed in the washing solution 411.
- the input end of the venturi nozzle 412 passes through the first-stage filter container 43 and is connected to the discharge line assembly 2 through a flange for connecting
- the exhaust gas is transported to the washing solution 411; the venturi nozzle 412 can jet the exhaust gas into the washing solution 411 at a high speed, forming extremely fine bubbles, which contain the retained aerosol particles, thereby achieving the effect of filtering the retained aerosol; the washing solution 411 It is used to retain aerosols and radionuclides carried in the exhaust gas; the washing solution 411 is equipped with sodium hydroxide NaOH and sodium thiosulfate Na 2 S 2 O 3 , and Na 2 S 2 O 3 can be compared with the high in the exhaust gas.
- the hydrogen recombination unit 42 is arranged on the top of the first-stage filter container 43, and includes a baffle 421 and a catalyst 422 covering the baffle 421 to eliminate the hydrogen carried in the exhaust gas after being cleaned by the washing solution 411.
- the specific hydrogen elimination process is as follows: the hydrogen carried in the exhaust gas reaches the surface of the baffle 421, and chemically reacts with the oxygen contained in the first-stage filter container 43 under the catalysis of the catalyst 422 to achieve the purpose of hydrogen elimination.
- the reaction heat generated will heat and push the local air near the catalytic surface. This hot air rises due to changes in density, and the local space left after the heated air rises is supplemented by the lower cold air , Thereby forming a local natural gas diffusion cycle, the hydrogen elimination process can continue to achieve the purpose of passive hydrogen elimination; at the same time, the product of the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen is water, which will return to the washing solution 411 under the action of gravity.
- the use of the baffle plate 421 can effectively reduce the gas flow velocity of the gas passing through the surface of the catalytic plate, increase the relative area of the gas flow and the catalytic plate, and achieve effective hydrogen elimination during the filtration and discharge process.
- the second-stage filter unit 5 is an AgX passive dry filter, which is arranged downstream of the hydrogen recombination unit 42 for retaining methyl iodide carried in the exhaust gas after hydrogen removal.
- AgX is very effective in filtering methyl iodide, which further reduces the radioactive hazard of the exhaust gas to the environment. Specifically, when AgX contacts the gas carrying methyl iodide, it will immediately generate chemically stable silver iodide, which effectively improves the retention efficiency of methyl iodide .
- the containment filter and discharge system further includes a waste liquid return line 7 connecting the discharge line assembly 2 and the first-stage filter unit 3, and a waste liquid return isolation valve 71 arranged on the waste liquid return line 7, and the waste liquid returns
- the pipeline 7 is used to transport the washing solution 411 back into the containment vessel 1 through the discharge pipeline assembly 2, and the waste liquid return isolation valve 71 is used to control the opening and closing of the waste liquid return pipeline 7.
- the arrangement of the waste liquid return pipeline 7 avoids the risk of pollutant leakage caused by long-term storage of radioactive waste liquid outside the shell.
- the height of the first-stage filter container 43 is higher than that of the containment 1, therefore, the waste liquid can be returned to the containment 1 under the action of gravity, and no additional power device is required to realize the Active waste liquid recirculation, the device is simple and the cost is reduced.
- the containment filter and discharge system also includes a fluid replacement circuit 8 connected to the waste liquid return line 7.
- the fluid replacement circuit 8 is provided with a first check valve 81, a first fluid supplement isolation valve 82 and a first quick connector 83.
- the check valve 81 and the first replenishing isolation valve 82 cooperate with the lowest water level detector 181 arranged on the first-stage filter container 43, and are used when the lowest water level isolation valve 184 is opened and when the lowest water level detector 181 detects the washing solution
- the first check valve 81 and the first replenishing isolation valve 82 open the first check valve 81 and the first replenishing isolation valve 82, and connect the first quick connector 83 to the chemical dosing device (not shown in the figure) to return the waste liquid
- the pipeline 7 supplies liquid to the first-stage filter container 43 to ensure the filtering function of the containment filter discharge system.
- the first check valve 81 can prevent the waste liquid from flowing back to the chemical dosing device, causing the liquid in the chemical dosing device to be contaminated.
- the first check valve 81 and the first replenishing isolation valve 82 are also matched with the drug content monitor interface isolation valve 19 provided on the first-stage filter container 43, for when the drug content detector detects the washing solution 411
- the drug content of the liquid in the chemical dosing device is reformulated, and the first check valve 81 and the first rehydration isolation valve 82 are opened, and the first quick connector 83 is connected to the chemical
- the dosing device replenishes the reconstituted liquid to the first-stage filter container 43 through the waste liquid return line 7.
- the operator reformulates the liquid chemical substance concentration in the chemical dosing device to add it to the first After the primary filter container 43, the drug content 411 in the washing solution meets the filtering requirements of the containment filter discharge system, ensuring the filtering function of the containment filter discharge system.
- the containment filter and discharge system also includes a drain circuit 9 connected to the waste liquid return line 7.
- the drain circuit 9 is provided with a first drain isolation valve 91, a second drain isolation valve 92 and a second quick connector 93.
- the drain isolation valve 91 and the second drain isolation valve 92 cooperate with the highest water level detector 182 provided on the first-stage filter container 43, and are used when the highest water level isolation valve 183 is opened and the highest water level detector 182 detects the washing solution 411
- the water level is higher than the preset maximum water level
- the drain loop 9 is also used to open the first drain isolation valve 91, the second drain isolation valve 92, and close the waste liquid return isolation valve 71 when the containment filter discharge system needs to be overhauled.
- the water washing solution 411 is discharged to the external container to realize convenient and fast maintenance.
- the purpose of setting two drain isolation valves is to prevent the containment filter and discharge system from operating normally when one of them fails, and to improve the safety of the containment filter and discharge system.
- the containment filter discharge system further includes an orifice plate 10 sequentially arranged on the discharge pipeline assembly 2 and located downstream of the AgX passive dry filter, a blasting membrane 11, a size head 12, a radiation monitor 13, and a chimney 14.
- the input end of the plate 10 is connected to the output end of the AgX passive dry filter, which is used to ensure that the containment filter and discharge system operates in a sliding pressure mode to ensure the safety of the containment filter and discharge system;
- the input end of the blasting membrane 11 is connected to the orifice plate 10
- the output end is used when the pressure of the containment filter discharge system reaches the preset value, the blasting membrane 11 ruptures, and the exhaust gas can be released;
- the small head 12 has a big head 122 and a small head 121, and a small head 121 and a blasting membrane 11 Connection, the big end 122 is connected to the input end of the radiation monitor 13 to reduce the gas flow rate of the big end 122 and reduce noise; the input end of the radiation monitor 13 is connected to the big
- the control unit 3 issues instructions, The first electric containment isolation valve 201 and the second electric containment isolation valve 202 are closed.
- the containment filter discharge system also includes a nitrogen unit 15 connected to the first-stage filter container 43.
- the nitrogen unit 15 includes a nitrogen circuit 151 and is arranged in the nitrogen circuit The nitrogen cylinder 152, the nitrogen isolation valve 153 and the nitrogen check valve 154 on the 151.
- the nitrogen isolation valve 153 is connected to the pressure detector set inside the first-stage filter container 43 for when the pressure detector detects the first-stage filter When the pressure in the vessel 43 is lower than the preset minimum pressure, open the nitrogen isolation valve 153 and the nitrogen check valve 154 to fill the first-stage filter vessel 43 with nitrogen.
- the isolation valve 153 and the nitrogen check valve 154 stop charging.
- the nitrogen check valve 154 is used to ensure that nitrogen can only flow from the nitrogen cylinder 152 to the first-stage filter vessel 43, and not flow backwards, so as to prevent exhaust gas from entering the nitrogen cylinder 152 ..
- the containment filter and discharge system further includes a balance valve 16 arranged on the discharge pipeline assembly 2.
- the input end of the balance valve 16 is connected to the output end of the AgX passive dry filter, and the output end of the balance valve 16 is connected to the input end of the orifice plate 10 The connection is used to close the balance valve 16 when the containment filter exhaust system needs to be overhauled to prevent the exhaust gas from being discharged into the atmosphere.
- the containment filter and discharge system also includes a safety valve 17 connected to both ends of the balance valve 16.
- the safety valve 17 is connected to a pressure detector arranged inside the first-stage filter container 43 for when the pressure detector detects the first-stage When the pressure in the filter container 43 exceeds the preset maximum pressure, the safety valve 17 will trip to relieve the pressure to ensure the safety of the containment filter discharge system.
- the second embodiment of the present invention provides a method for filtering and discharging a nuclear power plant containment containment unit with a hydrogen compound unit, including:
- Step S1 controllably transport the gas discharged from the containment 1 to the first-stage filter unit 4 through the discharge pipeline group 2; make the pressure in the containment 1 not exceed its load-bearing limit, thereby ensuring the integrity of the containment 1;
- Step S2 the exhaust gas is washed and filtered in the first-stage filter unit 4, and the washed and filtered exhaust gas is subjected to hydrogen removal treatment to achieve the retention of aerosols, radionuclides and hydrogen carried in the gas discharged from the containment.
- Purpose Through the above-mentioned first-stage filter unit 4, the radioactive substances inevitably released into the environment are maintained at the lowest possible level, and to avoid hydrogen combustion in the wet filter device when the containment filter discharge system is put into operation after a serious accident in a nuclear power plant , The risk of hydrogen explosion;
- Step S3. Perform methyl iodide filtration on the exhaust gas after hydrogen removal in the second-stage filter unit 5, and discharge the filtered exhaust gas that meets the requirements to the atmosphere, so that the radioactive substances inevitably released into the environment are kept to the limit. Possibly low level, to ensure environmental friendliness and public dose safety.
- the present invention proposes a method for filtering and discharging a nuclear power plant containment containment with a hydrogen compound unit.
- the gas discharged from the containment is transported to the first-stage filtering unit to carry the gas discharged from the containment containment through the discharge pipeline assembly. Aerosols, radionuclides and hydrogen; the methyl iodide carried in the gas discharged from the containment is retained by the second-stage filter unit; the gas discharged from the containment after the second-stage filter unit is retained by the discharge line assembly is transported to the chimney and discharged To the atmosphere, it solves the technical problems of hydrogen combustion and hydrogen explosion risks that exist in the existing technology when the containment filter discharge system is put into operation after a serious nuclear power plant accident.
- the series structure is adopted, and the first-stage filter container adopts water washing filtration and The structure design of the condensed reflux chamber, the passive baffle catalytic hydrogen composite unit is placed on the top of the first-stage filter container, which effectively eliminates the hydrogen in the filter discharge, and at the same time ensures the effective retention of the filtered exhaust gas before being discharged to the atmosphere And blocking, improving the safety of the filtration and discharge process;
- the present invention adopts the organic combination of passive hydrogen elimination and passive filtration and emission two passive principles, no need to configure additional power supply, simple layout requirements, stable hydrogen elimination capacity, The cost increase is small; a safety valve is set to ensure safer operation of the filtration and discharge system under high pressure; further, a silver AgX dry filter device is used to effectively improve the retention efficiency of methyl iodide; a large and small head is used to reduce the outlet gas flow rate And the method of reducing noise; the electric containment isolation valve is used to operate the valve, which solves the problem that the remote drive device of the manual remote containment isolation valve is not anti
- the electric main control operation valve can effectively reduce the operating dose of on-site personnel and protect Personnel safety.
- the present invention improves the safety and comparable economy of nuclear power plants, and has better overall performance on the premise of ensuring a stable filtering and emission strategy.
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Abstract
一种核电厂安全壳(1)过滤排放***,其包括:排放管线组件(2)以及设置在排放管线组件(2)上的第一级过滤单元(4)和第二级过滤单元(5);排放管线组件(2)一端连接安全壳(1),用于可控制地将安全壳(1)内的排放气体输送至第一级过滤单元(4);第一级过滤单元(4)用于对排放气体进行水洗过滤,并对水洗过滤后的排放气体进行除氢处理;第二级过滤单元(5)与第一级过滤单元(4)串联连接,用于对除氢后的排放气体进行甲基碘过滤,并将过滤后符合要求的排放气体排放至大气。该***有效消除了排放气体中的氢气,同时保证了排放气体在排出到大气环境前的有效滞留和阻挡,提高了过滤排放过程的安全性。
Description
本发明属于核电技术领域,具体涉及一种核电厂安全壳过滤排放***及方法。
根据要求,安全壳设计必须做到实际消除可能导致早期放射性释放或大量放射性释放的核电厂工况发生的可能性。在核电厂反应堆发生严重事故后,堆芯融化将导致大量的蒸汽和不凝结气体在安全壳内的不断积聚,严重威胁安全壳的完整性。所以,有必要通过主动卸压的方式将这些气体排出壳外,使安全壳内的压力不超过其承载限值,从而确保安全壳的完整性。同时,为防止排出壳外的气体对环境和公众造成不可接受的放射性危害后果,有必要在卸压管线上设置过滤装置对排放气体中的放射性物质进行过滤和滞留,使不可避免释放到环境中的放射性物质维持在尽可能低的水平,保证环境友好和公众的剂量安全。因此,选择高效安全壳过滤排放***,以消除安全壳超压风险及避免不可控的放射性物质释放具有现实意义。
目前,国内外多数新建及在役的压水堆核电厂均已设置严重事故后安全壳过滤排放***,以确保安全壳的完整性并防止由于安全壳超压导致的大规模放射性物质释放,主要包括干式过滤(壳外吸附过滤)和湿式过滤(壳外文丘里水洗过滤和金属纤维过滤的组合)。
对于干式过滤,主要提供一种具有壳内金属纤维预过滤容尘和气溶胶、壳 外碘吸附过滤功能的压水堆核电厂过滤排放滞留装置,当严重事故后安全壳超压时,通过壳内金属纤维预过滤器初步过滤气溶胶,降低过滤排放气体的容尘量和超大粒径气溶胶,排放气体再通过壳外干式碘吸附装置吸附滞留排放气体中的放射性粒子,执行受控卸压模式来保持安全壳内压力不超过其承载限值,维持安全壳的完整性。该方案对吸附材料的要求较高,装置体积庞大,且容易造成过滤装置内的滞留物质衰变热聚集,导致设备烧毁及放射性外泄,更为重要的是,本技术难以避免装置内的氢气局部聚集所引起的氢爆风险。
对于湿式过滤,主要提供一种具有水洗滞留和机械过滤功能的非能动压水堆核电厂过滤排放滞留装置,当严重事故后安全壳超压时,通过壳外设置的文丘里水洗器溶液滞留排放气体中的元素碘、溶解性气溶胶和溶解性有机碘,同时通过第二级金属纤维过滤器滞留不同尺寸的微小气溶胶粒子,执行非能动受控卸压模式来保持安全壳内压力不超过其承载限值,维持安全壳的完整性。该方案难以避免装置内的氢气局部聚集所引起的氢爆风险。
因此,为了解决核电厂严重事故后安全壳过滤排放***投运时存在的氢燃、氢爆风险问题,急需寻求一种具有氢气复合单元的核电厂安全壳过滤排放***及方法,避免过滤排放***在排放过程中发生氢气***。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中所存在的核电厂严重事故后安全壳过滤排放***投运时存在的氢燃、氢爆风险等技术问题,提供了一种具有氢气复合单元的核电厂安全壳过滤排放***及方法。
本发明就上述技术问题而提出的技术方案如下:一种具有氢气复合单元的 核电厂安全壳过滤排放***,用于在执行严重事故时,对安全壳排放的气体进行过滤,包括:排放管线组件以及设置在排放管线组件上的第一级过滤单元和第二级过滤单元;排放管线组件,一端连接安全壳,用于可控制地将安全壳内的排放气体输送至第一级过滤单元;第一级过滤单元,用于对所述排放气体进行水洗过滤,并对水洗过滤后的排放气体进行除氢处理;第二级过滤单元,与第一级过滤单元串联连接,用于对除氢后的排放气体进行甲基碘过滤,并将过滤后符合要求的排放气体排放至大气。
本发明上述的安全壳过滤排放***中,所述排放管线组件包括串联在所述排放管线组件上的第一电动安全壳隔离阀和第二电动安全壳隔离阀,所述安全壳过滤排放***还包括控制单元,连接所述第一电动安全壳隔离阀和第二电动安全壳隔离阀,用于在严重事故时,根据安全壳综合评估结果,远程控制所述第一电动安全壳隔离阀和第二电动安全壳隔离阀的启闭。
本发明上述的安全壳过滤排放***中,还包括连接排放管线组件和第一级过滤单元的废液回流管路,所述废液回流管路上设置有废液回流隔离阀,用于在压力平衡条件下,控制所述废液回流隔离阀的启闭,实现废液可依靠重力通过废液回流管路回流至所述安全壳。
本发明上述的安全壳过滤排放***中,所述第一级过滤单元包括:水洗过滤单元、氢气复合单元以及容纳所述水洗过滤单元、氢气复合单元的第一级过滤容器,水洗过滤单元,设置在第一级过滤容器底部,包括水洗溶液以及浸泡在水洗溶液中的文丘里喷嘴,文丘里喷嘴的输入端穿过第一级过滤容器通过法兰与排放管线的输出端连接,用于将安全壳排放的气体输送至水洗溶液;水洗溶液用于滞留安全壳排放的气体中携带的气溶胶和放射性核素;氢气复合单元, 设置在第一级过滤容器顶部,包括折流板,以及覆盖在折流板上的催化剂,用于消除经水洗溶液清洗后的安全壳排放的气体中携带的氢气。
本发明上述的安全壳过滤排放***中,所述第二级过滤单元为AgX非能动干式过滤器,设置在氢气复合单元的下游,用于滞留安全壳排放的气体中携带的甲基碘。
本发明上述的安全壳过滤排放***中,所述安全壳过滤排放***还包括连接所述废液回流管路的补液回路,补液回路上设置有第一逆止阀,第一补液隔离阀以及第一快速接头,第一逆止阀,第一补液隔离阀与设置在第一级过滤容器上的最低水位检测仪连接,用于当最低水位检测仪检测到水洗溶液的水位低于预设最低水位时,打开第一逆止阀、第一补液隔离阀,并将第一快速接头连接至化学加药装置通过废液回路管路向第一级过滤容器的进行补液,确保安全壳过滤排放***的过滤功能。
本发明上述的安全壳过滤排放***中,所述第一逆止阀,第一补液隔离阀还与设置在第一级过滤容器上的药物含量检测仪连接,用于当药物含量检测仪检测到水洗溶液的药物含量低于预设最低药物含量位时,重新配制化学加药装置内液体的药物含量,并打开第一逆止阀、第一补液隔离阀,并将第一快速接头连接至化学加药装置通过废液回流管路向第一级过滤容器补充重新配制后的液体,确保安全壳过滤排放***的过滤功能。
本发明上述的安全壳过滤排放***中,所述安全壳过滤排放***还包括连接所述废液回流管路的疏水回路,疏水回路上设置有第一疏水隔离阀,第二疏水隔离阀以及第二快速接头,第一疏水隔离阀和第二疏水隔离阀与设置在第一级过滤容器上的最高水位检测仪连接,用于当最高水位检测仪检测到水洗溶液 的水位高于预设最高水位时,打开第一疏水隔离阀,第二疏水隔离阀,并将第二快速接头连接至外部容器,通过疏水回路将废液排放至外部容器,确保安全壳过滤排放***的过滤功能。
本发明上述的安全壳过滤排放***中,所述安全壳过滤排放***还包括依次设置在排放管线组件上且位于AgX非能动干式过滤器下游的孔板,***膜、大小头、放射监测仪,以及烟囱,所述孔板用于保证安全壳过滤排放***处于以滑压方式运行;所述***膜用于当***压力达到预设数值时,所述***膜破裂,安全壳排放气体得以释放;所述大小头具有大头端和小头端,小头端与***膜连接,大头端与放射监测仪输入端连接,用于降低大头端气体流速并减少噪音;所述放射监测仪输入端连接大头端,输出端连接控制单元,用于实时监测大头端输出的气体的放射性,生成排放气体放射性监测结果,若排放气体放射性监测结果满足大气排放要求,则通过烟囱将排放气体排放至大气,若不满足大气排放要求,则所述控制单元发出指令,将所述第一电动安全壳隔离阀和第二电动安全壳隔离阀关闭。
本发明上述的安全壳过滤排放***中,所述安全壳过滤排放***还包括连接所述第一级过滤容器的氮气单元,氮气单元包括氮气回路,以及设置在氮气回路上的氮气瓶,氮气隔离阀以及氮气逆止阀,氮气隔离阀与设置在第一级过滤容器内部的压力检测仪连接,用于当压力检测仪检测到第一级过滤容器内压力低于***备用期间的预设最低压力时,打开氮气隔离阀和氮气逆止阀向第一级过滤容器中充氮气进行保养。
本发明上述的安全壳过滤排放***中,所述安全壳过滤排放***还包括设置在排放管线组件上的平衡阀,所述平衡阀输入端与AgX非能动干式过滤器输 出端连接,平衡阀输出端与孔板输入端连接,用于当安全壳过滤排放***需要检修时,关闭平衡阀,防止安全壳排放的气体排放至大气中。
本发明上述的安全壳过滤排放***中,所述安全壳过滤排放***还包括连接平衡阀两端的安全阀,所述安全阀与设置在第一级过滤容器内部的压力检测仪连接,用于当压力检测仪检测到第一级过滤容器内压力超过预设的最高压力时,安全阀起跳进行卸压,保证安全壳过滤排放***的安全。
本发明还提供了一种具有氢气复合单元的核电厂安全壳过滤排放方法,包括:通过排放管线组件可控制地将安全壳排放的气体输送至第一级过滤单元;在所述第一级过滤单元中对所述排放气体进行水洗过滤,并对水洗过滤后的排放气体进行除氢处理;在第二级过滤单元中对除氢后的排放气体进行甲基碘过滤,并将过滤后符合要求的排放气体排放至大气。
本发明提供的技术方案带来的有益效果是:本发明针对现有技术中所存在的核电厂严重事故后安全壳过滤排放***投运时存在的氢燃、氢爆风险等技术问题,提出了一种具有氢气复合单元的核电厂安全壳过滤排放***及方法,采用串联结构,第一级过滤容器采用水洗过滤和腔室冷凝回流的结构设计,非能动折流板催化氢气复合单元置于第一级过滤容器顶部,从而有效消除过滤排放时的氢气,同时保证了过滤排放气体在排出到大气环境前的有效滞留和阻挡,提高了过滤排放过程的安全性;本发明采用了非能动消氢与非能动过滤排放两种非能动原理的有机结合,从而可以保证过滤排放***在高压状态下更安全运行。
图1是本发明实施例一提供的一种具有氢气复合单元的核电厂安全壳过滤 排放***的简化结构示意图;
图2是本发明实施例一提供的一种具有氢气复合单元的核电厂安全壳过滤排放***的结构示意图;
图3是本发明实施例二提供的一种具有氢气复合单元的核电厂安全壳过滤排放方法的流程图。
为了解决现有技术中所存在的核电厂安全壳过滤排放***在严重事故后运行的安全性、可靠性问题,本发明旨在提供一种具有氢气复合单元的核电厂安全壳过滤排放***,其核心思想是:采用串联结构,第一级过滤容器采用水洗过滤和腔室冷凝回流的结构设计,非能动折流板催化氢气复合单元置于第一级过滤容器顶部,从而有效消除过滤排放时的氢气,同时保证了过滤排放气体在排出到大气环境前的有效滞留和阻挡,提高了过滤排放过程的安全性。
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图对本发明实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
实施例一
请参照图1所示,本发明实施例一提供了一种具有氢气复合单元的核电厂安全壳过滤排放***,用于在执行严重事故时,对安全壳1排放气体进行过滤,安全壳过滤排放***包括排放管线组件2、设置在排放管线组件上2的第一级过滤单元4和第二级过滤单元5以及与排放管线组件2连接的控制单元3,排放管线组件2输入端与安全壳1和控制单元3连接,用于在严重事故发生后,根据 安全壳1综合评估结果,通过控制单元3可控制地将安全壳1内的排放气体传输至第一级过滤单元4,使安全壳1内的压力不超过其承载限值,从而确保安全壳1的完整性。具体地,第一级过滤单元4设置在排放管线组件2上,用于对排放气体进行水洗过滤,并对水洗过滤后的排放气体进行除氢处理,实现滞留排放气体中携带的气溶胶、放射性核素和氢气的目的;第二级过滤单元5与第一级过滤单元4串联连接,用于对除氢后的排放气体进行甲基碘过滤,并将过滤后符合要求的排放气体排放至大气。通过上述第一级过滤单元4和第二级过滤单元5可对排放气体中的放射性物质进行过滤和滞留,使不可避免释放到环境中的放射性物质维持在尽可能低的水平,保证环境友好和公众的剂量安全。
结合图2可以看出:排放管线组件2输入端通过安全壳贯穿件6与安全壳1连接,且排放管线组件2包括串联在排放管线组件2上的第一电动安全壳隔离阀201和第二电动安全壳隔离阀202,控制单元3连接第一电动安全壳隔离阀201和第二电动安全壳隔离阀202,用于在严重事故时,根据安全壳1综合评估结果,远程控制第一电动安全壳隔离阀201和第二电动安全壳隔离阀202的启闭。规避了手动远传操作阀门的远传驱动装置不抗震的问题,增加了可靠性,同时也避免了操作人员的剂量风险,减少了屏蔽墙的设计和建造成本。
进一步地,第一级过滤单元4包括:水洗过滤单元41、氢气复合单元42以及容纳所述水洗过滤单元41、氢气复合单元42的第一级过滤容器43,水洗过滤单元41设置在第一级过滤容器43底部,包括水洗溶液411以及浸泡在水洗溶液411中的文丘里喷嘴412,文丘里喷嘴412的输入端穿过第一级过滤容器43通过法兰与排放管线组件2连接,用于将排放气体输送至水洗溶液411;文丘里喷嘴412可将排放气体高速喷射至水洗溶液411中,形成极为细小的气泡, 包容滞留细小的气溶胶颗粒,从而达到过滤滞留气溶胶的效果;水洗溶液411用于滞留排放气体中携带的气溶胶和放射性核素;水洗溶液411中配置了氢氧化钠NaOH和硫代硫酸钠Na
2S
2O
3,Na
2S
2O
3可以与排放气体中的高挥发性的碘发生化学反应,形成不易挥发的碘化物,将大部分碘滞留在化学溶液中,由于有氢氧化钠NaOH形成的碱性溶液,加强了Na
2S
2O
3对碘的吸附作用。氢气复合单元42设置在第一级过滤容器43顶部,包括折流板421,以及覆盖在折流板421上的催化剂422,用于消除经水洗溶液411清洗后的排放气体中携带的氢气,其具体消氢的过程为:排放气体中携带的氢气抵达折流板421的表面,在催化剂422的催化作用下与第一级过滤容器43中含有的氧气发生化学反应,达到消氢的目的,需要说明的是:氢气和氧气发生化学反应时,产生的反应热会加热和推进催化表面附近局部的空气,这些热空气因密度变化抬升,受热空气抬升后留下的局部空间由下部冷空气补充过来,从而形成局部气体自然扩散循环,消氢过程得以持续进行,实现非能动消氢的目的;同时氢气和氧气反应的产生物为水,会在重力的作用下重新返回至水洗溶液411内。进一步地,使用折流板421能有效降低气体通过催化板表面的气体流动速度,增加气流与催化板接触的相对面积,实现过滤排放过程中的有效消氢。
进一步地,第二级过滤单元5为AgX非能动干式过滤器,设置在氢气复合单元42的下游,用于滞留除氢后排放气体中携带的甲基碘。AgX对甲基碘的过滤非常有效,使得排放气体对环境的放射性危害进一步减少,具体地AgX接触携带甲基碘的气体,马上就会生成化学性很稳定的碘化银,有效提升甲基碘滞留效率。
进一步地,安全壳过滤排放***还包括连接排放管线组件2和第一级过滤 单元3的废液回流管路7及设置在废液回流管路7上的废液回流隔离阀71,废液回流管路7用于将水洗溶液411通过排放管线组件2输送回安全壳1内,废液回流隔离阀71用于控制废液回流管路7的开闭。废液回流管路7的设置规避了放射性废液长期储存在壳外所导致的污染物泄漏的风险。且由图中可以看出:第一级过滤容器43设置高度高于安全壳1,因此,在重力作用下即可实现废液回流至安全壳1内,不需要增设额外的动力装置,实现非能动废液回流,装置简单且降低了成本。
进一步地,安全壳过滤排放***还包括连接废液回流管路7的补液回路8,补液回路8上设置有第一逆止阀81,第一补液隔离阀82以及第一快速接头83,第一逆止阀81,第一补液隔离阀82与设置在第一级过滤容器43上的最低水位检测仪181配合,用于当最低水位隔离阀184打开,且当最低水位检测仪181检测到水洗溶液411的水位低于预设最低水位时,打开第一逆止阀81、第一补液隔离阀82,并将第一快速接头83连接至化学加药装置(图中未示出)通过废液回流管路7向第一级过滤容器43进行补液,确保安全壳过滤排放***的过滤功能。其中,第一逆止阀81可防止废液倒流回化学加药装置,导致化学加药装置内的液体被污染。
进一步地,第一逆止阀81,第一补液隔离阀82还与设置在第一级过滤容器43上的药物含量监测仪接口隔离阀19配合,用于当药物含量检测仪检测到水洗溶液411的药物含量低于预设最低药物含量位时,重新配制化学加药装置内液体的药物含量,并打开第一逆止阀81、第一补液隔离阀82,将第一快速接头83连接至化学加药装置通过废液回流管路7向第一级过滤容器43补充重新配制后的液体。需要说明的是,当药物含量检测仪检测到水洗溶液411的药物 含量低于预设最低药物含量位时,操作人员对化学加药装置内的液体化学物质浓度进行重新配方,使其加入至第一级过滤容器43后,水洗溶液内411的药物含量满足安全壳过滤排放***的过滤要求,确保安全壳过滤排放***的过滤功能。
进一步地,安全壳过滤排放***还包括连接废液回流管路7的疏水回路9,疏水回路9上设置有第一疏水隔离阀91,第二疏水隔离阀92以及第二快速接头93,第一疏水隔离阀91和第二疏水隔离阀92与设置在第一级过滤容器43上的最高水位检测仪182配合,用于当最高水位隔离阀183打开,且最高水位检测仪182检测到水洗溶液411的水位高于预设最高水位时,打开第一疏水隔离阀91,第二疏水隔离阀92,并将第二快速接头93连接至外部容器,通过疏水回路9将废液排放至外部容器,确保安全壳过滤排放***的过滤功能。
在本发明的其中一个实施例中,疏水回路9还用于当安全壳过滤排放***需要检修时,打开第一疏水隔离阀91,第二疏水隔离阀92,并关闭废液回流隔离阀71,将水洗溶液411排放至外部容器,实现方便快速检修。其中,设置两个疏水隔离阀的目的是防止在其中一个失效时,导致安全壳过滤排放***不能正常运行,提高安全壳过滤排放***的安全性。
进一步地,安全壳过滤排放***还包括依次设置在排放管线组件2上且位于AgX非能动干式过滤器下游的孔板10,***膜11、大小头12、放射监测仪13以及烟囱14,孔板10输入端与AgX非能动干式过滤器输出端连接,用于保证安全壳过滤排放***以滑压方式运行,保证安全壳过滤排放***运行的安全性;***膜11输入端连接孔板10的输出端,用于当安全壳过滤排放***压力达到预设数值时,***膜11破裂,排放气体得以释放;大小头12具有大头端 122和小头端121,小头端121与***膜11连接,大头端122与放射监测仪13输入端连接,用于降低大头端122气体流速并减少噪音;放射监测仪13输入端连接大头端122,输出端连接控制单元3,用于实时监测大头端122输出的气体的放射性,生成排放气体放射性监测结果,若排放气体放射性监测结果满足大气排放要求,则通过烟囱14将排放气体排放至大气,若不满足大气排放要求,则控制单元3发出指令,将所述第一电动安全壳隔离阀201和第二电动安全壳隔离阀202关闭。
进一步地,为了保证安全壳过滤排放***在正常运行条件下的压力,安全壳过滤排放***还包括连接第一级过滤容器43的氮气单元15,氮气单元15包括氮气回路151,以及设置在氮气回路151上的氮气瓶152,氮气隔离阀153以及氮气逆止阀154,氮气隔离阀153与设置在第一级过滤容器43内部的压力检测仪连接,用于当压力检测仪检测到第一级过滤容器43内压力低于预设的最低压力时,打开氮气隔离阀153和氮气逆止阀154向第一级过滤容器43中充氮气,当安全壳过滤排放***内压力达到正常值是,关闭氮气隔离阀153以及氮气逆止阀154,停止充气,氮气逆止阀154用于保证氮气只能有氮气瓶152流向至第一级过滤容器43,而不能反向流动,避免排放气体进入氮气瓶152.。
进一步地,安全壳过滤排放***还包括设置在排放管线组件2上的平衡阀16,平衡阀16输入端与AgX非能动干式过滤器输出端连接,平衡阀16输出端与孔板10输入端连接,用于当安全壳过滤排放***需要检修时,关闭平衡阀16,防止排放气体排放至大气中。
进一步地,安全壳过滤排放***还包括连接平衡阀16两端的安全阀17,安全阀17与设置在第一级过滤容器43内部的压力检测仪连接,用于当压力检测 仪检测到第一级过滤容器43内压力超过预设的最高压力时,安全阀17起跳进行卸压,保证安全壳过滤排放***的安全。
实施例二
请参照图3所示,本发明实施例二提供了一种具有氢气复合单元的核电厂安全壳过滤排放方法,包括:
步骤S1、通过排放管线组2可控制地将安全壳1排放的气体输送至第一级过滤单元4;使安全壳1内的压力不超过其承载限值,从而确保安全壳1的完整性;
步骤S2、在第一级过滤单元4内对排放气体进行水洗过滤,并对水洗过滤后的排放气体进行除氢处理,实现滞留安全壳排放的气体中携带的气溶胶、放射性核素和氢气的目的;通过上述第一级过滤单元4使不可避免释放到环境中的放射性物质维持在尽可能低的水平,并避免核电厂严重事故后安全壳过滤排放***投运时湿式过滤装置内的氢燃、氢爆风险问题;
步骤S3、在第二级过滤单元5中对除氢后的排放气体进行甲基碘过滤,并将过滤后符合要求的排放气体排放至大气,使不可避免释放到环境中的放射性物质维持在尽可能低的水平,保证环境友好和公众的剂量安全。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过硬件来完成,也可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成,所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中。
综上所述,本发明提出了一种具有氢气复合单元的核电厂安全壳过滤排放方法,通过排放管线组件将安全壳排放的气体输送至第一级过滤单元滞留安全 壳排放的气体中携带的气溶胶、放射性核素和氢气;通过第二级过滤单元滞留安全壳排放的气体中携带的甲基碘;通过排放管线组件将经过第二级过滤单元滞留后的安全壳排放的气体输送烟囱排出至大气,解决了现有技术中所存在的核电厂严重事故后安全壳过滤排放***投运时存在的氢燃、氢爆风险等技术问题采用串联结构,且第一级过滤容器采用水洗过滤和腔室冷凝回流的结构设计,非能动折流板催化氢气复合单元置于第一级过滤容器顶部,从而有效消除过滤排放时的氢气,同时保证了过滤排放气体在排出到大气环境前的有效滞留和阻挡,提高了过滤排放过程的安全性;本发明采用了非能动消氢与非能动过滤排放两种非能动原理的有机结合,无需配置额外的动力电源,布置要求简单、消氢能力稳定、成本增加较少;设置有安全阀保证过滤排放***在高压状态下更安全运行;进一步地,采用银质AgX干性过滤装置有效提升甲基碘滞留效率的方法;采用大小头以降低出口气体流速和减少噪音的方法;采用电动安全壳隔离阀操作阀门,解决了手动远传安全壳隔离阀的远传驱动装置不抗震的问题,同时电动主控操作阀门能有效降低现场人员的操作剂量,保护人员安全,本发明提高了核电厂的安全性和可比经济性,在确保稳定的过滤排放策略的前提下,综合性能更优。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (13)
- 一种核电厂安全壳过滤排放***,用于在执行严重事故时,对安全壳(1)排放气体进行过滤,其特征在于,包括:排放管线组件(2)以及设置在排放管线组件(2)上的第一级过滤单元(4)和第二级过滤单元(5);其中,排放管线组件(2)一端连接安全壳(1),用于可控制地将安全壳(1)内的排放气体输送至第一级过滤单元(4);第一级过滤单元(4),用于对所述排放气体进行水洗过滤,并对水洗过滤后的排放气体进行除氢处理;第二级过滤单元(5)与第一级过滤单元(4)串联连接,用于对除氢后的排放气体进行甲基碘过滤,并将过滤后符合要求的排放气体排放至大气。
- 根据权利要求1所述的核电厂安全壳过滤排放***,其特征在于,所述排放管线组件(2)设有控制单元(3)以及串联在所述排放管线组件(2)上的第一电动安全壳隔离阀(201)和第二电动安全壳隔离阀(202),所述控制单元(3)用于在严重事故时远程控制所述第一电动安全壳隔离阀(201)和第二电动安全壳隔离阀(202)的启闭。
- 根据权利要求1所述的核电厂安全壳过滤排放***,其特征在于,所述安全壳过滤排放***还包括连接排放管线组件(2)和第一级过滤单元(3)的废液回流管路(7),所述废液回流管路(7)上设置有废液回流隔离阀(71),用于在压力平衡条件下,控制所述废液回流隔离阀(71)的启闭,实现废液可依靠重力通过废液回流管路(7)回流至所述安全壳(1)。
- 根据权利要求1所述的核电厂安全壳过滤排放***,其特征在于,所述第一级过滤单元(4)包括:水洗过滤单元(41)、氢气复合单元(42)以及容 纳所述水洗过滤单元(41)、氢气复合单元(42)的第一级过滤容器(43),水洗过滤单元(41),设置在第一级过滤容器(43)底部,包括水洗溶液(411)以及浸泡在水洗溶液(411)中的文丘里喷嘴(412),文丘里喷嘴(412)的输入端穿过第一级过滤容器(43)通过法兰与排放管线组件(2)连接;氢气复合单元(42),设置在第一级过滤容器(43)顶部,包括折流板(421),以及覆盖在折流板(421)上的催化剂(422)。
- 根据权利要求4所述的核电厂安全壳过滤排放***,其特征在于,所述第二级过滤单元(5)为AgX非能动干式过滤器,设置在所述氢气复合单元(42)的下游,用于过滤除氢后的排放气体中的甲基碘。
- 根据权利要求1所述的核电厂安全壳过滤排放***,其特征在于,所述安全壳过滤排放***还包括连接所述废液回流管路(7)的补液回路(8),补液回路(8)上设置有第一逆止阀(81),第一补液隔离阀(82)以及第一快速接头(83),第一逆止阀(81),第一补液隔离阀(82)与设置在第一级过滤容器(43)上的最低水位检测仪(181)连接。
- 根据权利要求6所述的核电厂安全壳过滤排放***,其特征在于,所述第一逆止阀(81),第一补液隔离阀(82)还与设置在第一级过滤容器(43)上的药物含量检测仪接口隔离阀(19)配合。
- 根据权利要求1所述的核电厂安全壳过滤排放***,其特征在于,所述安全壳过滤排放***还包括连接所述废液回流管路(7)的疏水回路(9),疏水回路(9)上设置有第一疏水隔离阀(91),第二疏水隔离阀(92)以及第二快速接头(93),第一疏水隔离阀(91)和第二疏水隔离阀(92)与设置在第一级过滤容器(43)上的最高水位检测仪(182)连接。
- 根据权利要求1所述的核电厂安全壳过滤排放***,其特征在于,所述安全壳过滤排放***还包括依次设置在排放管线组件(2)上且位于第二级过滤单元(5)下游的孔板(10),***膜(11)、大小头(12)、放射监测仪(13),以及烟囱(14);所述大小头(12)具有大头端(122)和小头端(121),小头端(121)与***膜(11)连接,大头端(122)与放射监测仪(13)输入端连接;所述放射监测仪(13)输入端连接大头端(122),输出端连接所述控制单元(3)。
- 根据权利要求1所述的核电厂安全壳过滤排放***,其特征在于,所述安全壳过滤排放***还包括连接所述第一级过滤容器(43)的氮气单元(15),氮气单元(15)包括氮气回路(151),以及设置在氮气回路(151)上的氮气瓶(152),氮气隔离阀(153)以及氮气逆止阀(154),氮气隔离阀(153)与设置在第一级过滤容器(43)内部的压力检测仪连接。
- 根据权利要求10所述的核电厂安全壳过滤排放***,其特征在于,所述安全壳过滤排放***还包括设置在排放管线组件(2)上的平衡阀(16),所述平衡阀(16)输入端与第二级过滤单元(5)输出端连接,平衡阀(16)输出端与孔板(10)输入端连接。
- 根据权利要求11所述的核电厂安全壳过滤排放***,其特征在于,所述安全壳过滤排放***还包括连接平衡阀(16)两端的安全阀(17),所述安全阀(17)与设置在第一级过滤容器(43)内部的压力检测仪连接。
- 一种采用权利要求1至12中任一项所述的核电厂安全壳过滤排放***的核电厂安全壳过滤排放方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:通过排放管线组件(2)可控制地将安全壳(1)排放的气体输送至第一级 过滤单元(4);在所述第一级过滤单元(4)中对所述排放气体进行水洗过滤,并对水洗过滤后的排放气体进行除氢处理;以及在第二级过滤单元(5)中对除氢后的排放气体进行甲基碘过滤,并将过滤后符合要求的排放气体排放至大气。
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CN112185593A (zh) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-05 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | 一种压差过滤式内置消氢处理装置及方法 |
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