WO2020244130A1 - 一种基于多模干涉效应的宽可调谐的单频光纤激光器 - Google Patents

一种基于多模干涉效应的宽可调谐的单频光纤激光器 Download PDF

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WO2020244130A1
WO2020244130A1 PCT/CN2019/113789 CN2019113789W WO2020244130A1 WO 2020244130 A1 WO2020244130 A1 WO 2020244130A1 CN 2019113789 W CN2019113789 W CN 2019113789W WO 2020244130 A1 WO2020244130 A1 WO 2020244130A1
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fiber
optical
sms
structure device
frequency
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PCT/CN2019/113789
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French (fr)
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杨昌盛
徐善辉
黄麟桓
杨中民
冯洲明
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华南理工大学
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Priority to US17/608,482 priority Critical patent/US20220216666A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
    • H01S3/1062—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using a controlled passive interferometer, e.g. a Fabry-Perot etalon
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    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
    • H01S3/1067—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using pressure or deformation
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    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
    • H01S3/0057—Temporal shaping, e.g. pulse compression, frequency chirping
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    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
    • H01S3/06716—Fibre compositions or doping with active elements
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    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/0675—Resonators including a grating structure, e.g. distributed Bragg reflectors [DBR] or distributed feedback [DFB] fibre lasers
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    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06791—Fibre ring lasers
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    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
    • H01S3/081—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors
    • H01S3/082—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors defining a plurality of resonators, e.g. for mode selection or suppression
    • H01S3/0823—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors defining a plurality of resonators, e.g. for mode selection or suppression incorporating a dispersive element, e.g. a prism for wavelength selection
    • H01S3/0826—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors defining a plurality of resonators, e.g. for mode selection or suppression incorporating a dispersive element, e.g. a prism for wavelength selection using a diffraction grating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
    • H01S3/094003—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light the pumped medium being a fibre
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    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
    • H01S3/0941—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a laser diode
    • H01S3/09415—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a laser diode the pumping beam being parallel to the lasing mode of the pumped medium, e.g. end-pumping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/105—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity, e.g. by controlling the cavity length
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
    • H01S3/16—Solid materials
    • H01S3/1601—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion
    • H01S3/1603—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth
    • H01S3/1608—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth erbium

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of fiber lasers, and specifically relates to a single-frequency fiber laser with a wide tunable range based on a multimode interference effect.
  • Tunable single-frequency fiber laser is a very important laser light source, which has important application value in the fields of optical communication, sensing, spectroscopy and so on.
  • the general tuning principle is to change the output wavelength of the laser by changing the transmission wavelength of some devices.
  • tuning devices such as volume gratings, birefringent filters, electro-optic crystals, Fabry-Perot (FP) etalons, etc.
  • FP Fabry-Perot
  • the transmission wavelength can be changed to realize a tunable laser with fast operation
  • a tunable fiber laser which formed a peanut knot structure by fusion splicing single-mode fiber and special fiber between single-mode fiber and special fiber to achieve mode selection and Thermally tunable all-fiber laser
  • this patent is not a single-frequency laser output characteristic, and the operation is more complicated.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and discloses a wide tunable single-frequency fiber laser based on the multimode interference effect.
  • the invention adopts a composite cavity combined with a self-injection locking structure.
  • the short linear resonant cavity is formed by using high and low reflectivity chirped fiber gratings and centimeter-level high gain fibers.
  • the optical circulator, fiber etalon and SMS fiber structure device form the ring cavity, and the stress loader is fixed on the SMS fiber structure device.
  • the high-gain fiber uses the pumping operation of the pump source and the frequency selection of the fiber grating, the resonator first realizes the broad-spectrum laser output; a part of the broad-spectrum laser enters the ring cavity, and on the one hand, the fiber etalon is used to generate a comb-shaped spectrum.
  • the laser applies stress to the SMS fiber structure device to apply tensile, compression, bending, torsion and other deformations to the multimode fiber. By changing the interference between multiple transverse modes, it changes its transmission wavelength and realizes its performance.
  • Tuning and filtering select a single wavelength laser; then inject it back into the cavity to suppress the oscillation of other wavelengths, and narrow the line width to form a single longitudinal mode (single frequency) laser, and finally achieve a single frequency fiber with stable power and wide tuning range Laser output.
  • a wide tunable single-frequency fiber laser based on multimode interference effect including high-reflectivity chirped fiber grating, high-gain fiber, low-reflectivity chirped fiber grating, pump source, optical wavelength division multiplexer, and optical coupler ,
  • Optical isolator, optical circulator, optical fiber etalon, SMS fiber structure device and stress loader among them, one end of the high-gain fiber is connected to one end of the high-reflectivity chirped fiber grating, and the other end of the high-gain fiber is connected to the low reflection
  • One end of the rate-chirped fiber grating is connected, and the three form a short-line resonator part;
  • the pump end of the optical wavelength division multiplexer is connected to the pigtail of the pump source, and the common end of the optical wavelength division multiplexer is connected to the low reflectivity chirp
  • the other end of the fiber grating is connected, the signal end of the optical wavelength division multiplexer is connected to the input end of the optical
  • the high reflectivity chirped fiber grating has a transmittance of greater than 80% for the wavelength of the pump light and a reflectivity of greater than 80% for the wavelength of the signal light, and the 3dB bandwidth of the reflectance spectrum is 1 to 200 nm; the low reflectance of the chirped fiber grating The reflectivity of the chirped fiber grating to the signal light is 5-75%, and the 3dB bandwidth of the reflection spectrum is 1-200nm.
  • the high-gain fiber is a fiber that is highly doped with rare earth luminescent ions, and the gain per unit length is greater than 1dB/cm; its ion types include Yb 3+ , Er 3+ , Tm 3+ , Ho 3+ , Dy 3+ Single doping, double doping and multiple doping.
  • the pump source is a solid laser, a semiconductor laser or a fiber laser, and its pump wavelength ranges from 700 to 2000 nm.
  • the light splitting ratio of the small output port and the large output port of the optical coupler is 1/99-50/50.
  • the free spectrum range of the optical fiber etalon is 20-10000 GHz, and the 3dB transmission bandwidth is less than 10 GHz.
  • optical fiber etalon is a cascaded form of one or more optical fiber etalons.
  • the SMS optical fiber structure device is constructed by welding a multimode optical fiber between two single-mode optical fibers; the core diameter of the multimode optical fiber is 50-2000 ⁇ m, the cladding diameter is 100-2500 ⁇ m, and the length is 0.01- 500cm.
  • SMS optical fiber structure device is in the form of cascading one or more multimode optical fibers.
  • the stress loader is fixed on the multimode optical fiber in the SMS optical fiber structure device, and there are one or more stress loader.
  • the technical effect of the present invention is: high-reflectivity chirped fiber grating, high-gain fiber and low-reflectivity chirped fiber grating are connected in sequence to form a short-line resonant cavity part; optical circulator, fiber etalon It forms a ring cavity with the SMS fiber structure device, and the stress loader is fixed on the SMS fiber structure device.
  • the high-gain fiber uses the pumping operation of the pump source and the frequency selection of the fiber grating, the resonator first realizes the broad-spectrum laser output; a part of the broad-spectrum laser enters the ring cavity, and on the one hand, the fiber etalon is used to generate a comb-shaped spectrum.
  • the laser applies stress to the SMS fiber structure device to apply tensile, compression, bending, twisting and other deformations to the multimode fiber.
  • the transmission wavelength is changed and its realization is achieved.
  • Tunable filtering to select a single wavelength laser; then inject it back into the cavity to suppress oscillations of other wavelengths, and narrow the linewidth to form a single longitudinal mode (single frequency) laser, and finally achieve a single frequency with stable power and wide tuning range Fiber laser output.
  • the laser has the advantages of an all-fiber structure and a wide wavelength tuning range, and can be widely used in optical communications, sensing, spectroscopy and other fields.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a stress loader exerting stress on a multimode optical fiber to produce tensile deformation
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a stress loader exerting stress on a multimode optical fiber to produce compression deformation
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of bending deformation caused by stress applied by a stress loader to a multimode optical fiber
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the stress loader exerting stress on the multimode fiber to produce torsional deformation
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a wide tunable single-frequency fiber laser based on the multimode interference effect of the present invention
  • the stress loader applies stress to the multimode optical fiber to produce deformation in different ways.
  • the direction in which the stress is applied is consistent with the length of the multimode fiber, resulting in tensile deformation (Figure 1); or the direction in which the stress is applied is perpendicular to the length of the multimode fiber, resulting in compression deformation ( Figure 2); or it applies stress to make the two ends of the multimode fiber close to each other, resulting in bending deformation ( Figure 3); or it applies stress to cause the multimode fiber to rotate, resulting in torsional deformation ( Figure 4).
  • FIG. 5 it is a schematic diagram of the principle of a wide tunable single-frequency fiber laser based on multimode interference effect in an embodiment of the present invention, including high-reflectivity chirped fiber grating 1, high-gain fiber 2, low-reflectivity chirped fiber Grating 3, pump source 4, optical wavelength division multiplexer 5, optical coupler 6, optical isolator 7, optical circulator 8, optical fiber etalon 9, SMS optical fiber structure device 10, and stress loader 11.
  • one end of the high-gain fiber 2 is connected to one end of the high-reflectivity chirped fiber grating 1, and the other end of the high-gain fiber 2 is connected to one end of the low-reflectivity chirped fiber grating 3, and the three together form a short-line resonant cavity part.
  • the pump end of the optical wavelength division multiplexer 5 is connected to the pigtail of the pump source 4, the common end of the optical wavelength division multiplexer 5 is connected to the other end of the low reflectivity chirped fiber grating 3, the optical wavelength division multiplexer 5
  • the signal end of is connected to the input end of the optical coupler 6, the large output port of the optical coupler 6 is connected to the a port of the optical circulator 8, the b port of the optical circulator 8 is connected to the input end of the optical fiber etalon, the optical fiber etalon 9
  • the output end is connected to one end of the SMS fiber structure device 10, the other end of the SMS fiber structure device 10 is connected to the c port of the optical circulator 8, the stress loader 11 is fixed on the SMS fiber structure device 10, and the optical coupler 6
  • the small output port is connected to the input end of the optical isolator 7.
  • the fiber laser generated by the final resonant cavity is output through the output port of the optical isolator 7.
  • the optical circulator 8, the optical fiber etalon 9 and the SMS optical fiber structure device 10 constitute the ring cavity part, which forms a composite cavity structure together with the short-line resonant cavity in the form of self-injection locking.
  • the high-reflectivity chirped fiber grating 1 of this embodiment has a working wavelength of 1525-1565nm, a 3dB bandwidth of the reflection spectrum of 40nm, a reflectivity of the center wavelength of 99.9%, and a transmittance of pump light of 99.9%.
  • the working wavelength of the low reflectivity chirped fiber grating 3 in this example is 1525-1565 nm, the 3dB bandwidth of the reflection spectrum is 40 nm, and the center wavelength reflectance is 60%.
  • High-reflectivity chirped fiber grating 1 and low-reflectivity chirped fiber grating 3 form a functional module with wide spectral range selection and filtering.
  • the high gain fiber 2 used in this example is a highly doped Er 3+ fiber.
  • the pump source 4 used in this example is a 980nm single-mode semiconductor laser.
  • the splitting ratio of the optical coupler 6 is 5/95.
  • the optical fiber etalon 9 used in this example is an optical fiber Fabry-Perot (FP) etalon, with a free spectral range of 100GHz, a 3dB transmission bandwidth of 0.5GHz, and a working wavelength range of 1520-1570nm.
  • FP optical fiber Fabry-Perot
  • the SMS fiber structure device 10 used in this example cascades three multimode fibers with a core diameter of 105 ⁇ m, a cladding diameter of 125 ⁇ m, and a length of 5 cm by fusion splicing, and pastes a PZT on each of the three multimode fibers to form a stress loader 11 ,
  • the three PZTs simultaneously apply stress in the direction perpendicular to the length of the multimode fiber, which makes the multimode fiber produce compression deformation.
  • the input voltage ranges of the three PZTs used in this example are all 0 ⁇ 150V, and their deformation capacity is 3.5 ⁇ m/100V.
  • This embodiment uses the 1550nm band as an example.
  • the pump light generated by the pump source 4 passes through the pump end of the optical wavelength division multiplexer 5 and is input from the low reflectivity chirped fiber grating 3, and the pump light continuously pumps high gain.
  • the highly doped rare earth luminescent ions in the optical fiber make it reach the population inversion state, combined with the function of high and low reflectivity chirped fiber grating (cavity mirror), stimulated emission to produce a broad spectrum output.
  • wavelength division multiplexer 5 By enhancing the single wavelength oscillation, it is suppressed Other wavelengths oscillate and narrow the line width to form a single longitudinal mode (single frequency) laser, which sequentially outputs single frequency fiber laser through the 5% output port of the optical wavelength division multiplexer 5, the optical coupler 6 and the optical isolator 7.
  • the PZT is compressed and deformed to apply compressive deformation to the multimode fiber in the SMS fiber structure device, so that the transmission wavelength of the multimode fiber changes, and the wavelength range is 1520 ⁇ Within 1570nm, such as 1533.2nm, 1545.2nm, 1559.6nm, 1562.0nm, etc., then return to the cavity by injection to suppress the oscillation of other wavelengths and narrow the line width, and finally achieve power stability, between 1525 and 1565nm ( Wide tuning range) Freely tuned single-frequency fiber laser output.
  • the high-reflectivity chirped fiber grating 1 of this embodiment has a working wavelength of 1850-2000nm, a 3dB bandwidth of the reflection spectrum of 150nm, a reflectivity of the center wavelength of 99.9%, and a transmittance of pump light of 99.9%.
  • the low-reflectivity chirped fiber grating 3 in this example has a working wavelength of 1850-2000 nm, a 3dB bandwidth of its reflection spectrum is 150 nm, and its central wavelength reflectance is 60%.
  • High-reflectivity chirped fiber grating 1 and low-reflectivity chirped fiber grating 3 form a functional module with wide spectral range selection and filtering.
  • the high gain fiber 2 used in this example is a highly doped Tm 3+ fiber.
  • the pump source 4 used in this example is a 793nm single-mode semiconductor laser.
  • the splitting ratio of the optical coupler 6 is 5/95.
  • the optical fiber etalon 9 used in this example is an optical fiber FP etalon, with a free spectral range of 100 GHz, a 3dB transmission bandwidth of 0.5 GHz, and an operating wavelength range of 1850 to 2000 nm.
  • the SMS fiber structure device 10 used in this example is composed of two multimode fibers with a core diameter of 105 ⁇ m, a cladding diameter of 125 ⁇ m, and a length of 5cm, which are cascaded by fusion splicing, and are respectively loaded with a fiber translation stage on the two multimode fibers.
  • the two fiber translation stages apply stress synchronously so that the two ends of the multimode fiber are close to each other, causing bending deformation.
  • the variable lengths of the two fiber optic translation stages used in this example are both 20cm.
  • the pump light generated by the pump source passes through the pump end of the optical wavelength division multiplexer and is input from the low reflectivity chirped fiber grating.
  • the pump light continuously pumps the high gain fiber in Highly doped rare-earth luminescent ions, to achieve population inversion, combined with high and low reflectivity chirped fiber grating (cavity mirror), stimulated emission to produce a broad spectrum output.
  • the functioning SMS fiber structure device makes the comb-shaped laser only transmit the laser of a single wavelength, and then return to the resonant cavity through the c port, a port and the optical coupler of the optical circulator, and by enhancing the single wavelength oscillation, suppressing other wavelengths Oscillate and narrow the line width to generate a single longitudinal mode (single frequency) laser, and output the single frequency fiber laser through the optical wavelength division multiplexer, the 5% output port of the optical coupler and the optical isolator in turn.
  • the distance between the fixed end and the movable end of the fiber translation stage is reduced, and the distance is reduced to 0 ⁇ 1mm, and bending deformation is applied to the multimode fiber in the SMS fiber structure device, so that
  • the transmission wavelength of the multimode fiber changes, and the range of wavelength changes is 1850 ⁇ 2000nm, such as 1860.5nm, 1902.4nm, 1950.1nm, 1980.2nm, etc., and then returns to the cavity by injection to suppress the oscillation of other wavelengths And narrow the line width, and finally realize the output of single frequency fiber laser with stable power and free tuning between 1850 ⁇ 2000nm (wide tuning range).

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Abstract

一种基于多模干涉效应的宽可调谐的单频光纤激光器，包括：高反射率啁啾光纤光栅（1）、高增益光纤（2）、低反射率啁啾光纤光栅（3）、泵浦源（4）、光隔离器（7）、光环形器（8）、光纤标准具（9）和SMS光纤结构装置（10）；高反射率啁啾光纤光栅（1）、高增益光纤（2）和低反射率啁啾光纤光栅（3）依次连接，构成短线型谐振腔部分；光环形器（8）、光纤标准具（9）和SMS光纤结构装置（10）形成环形腔，应力加载器（11）固定在SMS光纤结构装置（10）的上面，通过加载应力于SMS光纤结构装置（10）来改变其透过波长和实现其可调谐滤波，最终实现功率稳定、宽调谐范围的单频光纤激光输出。激光器结合复合腔的结构优势，具有全光纤化结构、波长调谐范围宽的优点，可广泛应用于光通信、传感、光谱学领域。

Description

一种基于多模干涉效应的宽可调谐的单频光纤激光器 技术领域
本发明属于光纤激光器技术领域，具体涉及一种基于多模干涉效应的宽可调谐范围的单频光纤激光器。
背景技术
可调谐单频光纤激光器是一种非常重要的激光光源，在光通信、传感、光谱学等领域有着重要的应用价值。一般调谐的原理是通过某些器件改变透过波长来实现激光器输出波长的改变。目前常用的调谐器件如体光栅、双折射滤光片、电光晶体、法布里一珀罗(F-P)标准具等，通过在线型腔、环形腔或复合腔中***这类调谐器件来实现可调谐单频激光输出。但是这些方式都存在打破全光纤化结构、体积较大且需要空间对准、成本高等缺点。此外，还会出现容易跳变为多纵模、调谐范围不连续、可靠性差等问题。因此，亟需一种低损耗、全光纤化、结构紧凑、易于和光纤耦合的可调谐方式，从而实现高可靠性、宽调谐范围的单频光纤激光输出。
相关专利有：(1)2015年，华南理工大学申请了相干光正交频分复用***用的宽可调谐单频光纤激光光源，通过在线型谐振腔外的环形腔里面***可调谐F-P滤波器，实现宽可调谐单频光纤激光器[公开号：CN 105428973 A]，但该专利所用的可调谐滤波器成本较高，且调谐带宽和精度受限于滤波器件本身。(2)2017年，福建海创光电有限公司申请了一种可调谐激光器，通过改变F-P标准具的角度，来实现透过波长的改变，实现操作快捷的可调谐激光器[公开号：CN 206611012 U]，但该专利并非光纤激光器，准直工作较为困难，且并非单频激光输出特性。(3)2018年，南京邮电大学申请了一种可调谐光纤激光器，通过在单模光纤和特种光纤之间熔接出单模光纤小球和特种光纤小球，形成花生结结构，实现选模和热可调谐全光纤激光器[公开号：CN 208045931 U]，但该专利并非单频激光输出特性，且操作起来较复杂。
发明概述
技术问题
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，公开了一种基于多模干涉效应的宽可调谐单频光纤激光器。本发明采用复合腔结合自注入锁定结构。利用高、低反射率啁啾光纤光栅和厘米量级高增益光纤构成短线性谐振腔部分，光环形器、光纤标准具和SMS光纤结构装置形成环形腔，应力加载器固定在SMS光纤结构装置的上面。高增益光纤在泵浦源的抽运作用和光纤光栅的选频作用下，谐振腔首先实现宽光谱激光输出；一部分宽光谱激光进入环形腔中，一方面利用光纤标准具产生梳状谱型的激光，另一方面通过加载应力于SMS光纤结构装置，对多模光纤施加拉伸、压缩、弯曲、扭转等形变，通过改变多个横模之间的干涉，改变其透过波长和实现其可调谐滤波，选出单一波长激光；然后注入返回谐振腔中，抑制其它波长的振荡，并压窄线宽，形成单一纵模(单频)激光，最终实现功率稳定、宽调谐范围的单频光纤激光输出。
本发明的目的至少通过如下技术方案之一实现。
一种基于多模干涉效应的宽可调谐单频光纤激光器，包括高反射率啁啾光纤光栅、高增益光纤、低反射率啁啾光纤光栅、泵浦源、光波分复用器、光耦合器、光隔离器、光环形器、光纤标准具、SMS光纤结构装置和应力加载器；其中，高增益光纤的一端与高反射率啁啾光纤光栅的一端连接，高增益光纤的另一端与低反射率啁啾光纤光栅的一端连接，三者构成短线型谐振腔部分；光波分复用器的泵浦端与泵浦源的尾纤连接，光波分复用器的公共端与低反射率啁啾光纤光栅的另一端连接，光波分复用器的信号端与光耦合器的输入端连接，光耦合器的大输出端口与光环形器的a端口连接，光环形器的b端口与光纤标准具输入端连接，光纤标准具输出端与SMS光纤结构装置的一端连接，SMS光纤结构装置的另一端与光环形器的c端口连接，应力加载器固定在SMS光纤结构装置的上面，光耦合器的小输出端口与光隔离器的输入端连接，最终谐振腔所产生的光纤激光经光隔离器的输出端口输出；其中由光环形器、光纤标准具和SMS光纤结构装置构成环形腔部分，以自注入锁定的形式与短线型谐振腔构成复合腔 结构。
进一步的，所述高反射率啁啾光纤光栅对泵浦光波长的透射率大于80％，而对信号光波长的反射率大于80％，其反射谱3dB带宽为1～200nm；低反射率啁啾光纤光栅对信号光的反射率为5～75％，其反射谱3dB带宽为1～200nm。
进一步的，所述高增益光纤为高掺杂稀土发光离子的光纤，单位长度增益大于1dB/cm；其离子类型包括Yb 3+、Er 3+、Tm 3+、Ho 3+、Dy 3+的单掺、双掺和多掺。
进一步的，所述泵浦源是固体激光器、半导体激光器或者光纤激光器，其泵浦波长范围700～2000nm。
进一步的，所述光耦合器的小输出端口和大输出端口的分光比为1/99～50/50。
进一步的，所述光纤标准具的自由光谱范围为20～10000GHz，3dB透射带宽小于10GHz。
进一步的，所述光纤标准具为其中一个或者多个光纤标准具的级联形式。
进一步的，所述SMS光纤结构装置是通过在两单模光纤之间熔接一多模光纤所构成；多模光纤的纤芯直径为50～2000μm，包层直径为100～2500μm，长度为0.01～500cm。
进一步的，所述SMS光纤结构装置为一根或者多根多模光纤级联的形式。
进一步的，所述的应力加载器是固定在SMS光纤结构装置中的多模光纤上面，应力加载器为一个或者多个。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明的技术效果是：高反射率啁啾光纤光栅、高增益光纤和低反射率啁啾光纤光栅依次连接，构成短线型谐振腔部分；光环形器、光纤标准具和SMS光纤结构装置形成环形腔，应力加载器固定在SMS光纤结构装置的上面。高增益光纤在泵浦源的抽运作用和光纤光栅的选频作用下，谐振腔首先实现宽光谱激光输出；一部分宽光谱激光进入环形腔中，一方面利用光纤标准具产生梳状谱型的激光，另一方面通过加载应力于SMS光纤结构装置，对多模光纤施加拉伸、压缩、弯曲、扭转等形变，通过改变多个横模之间的干涉， 来改变其透过波长和实现其可调谐滤波，选出单一波长激光；然后注入返回谐振腔中，抑制其它波长的振荡，并压窄线宽，形成单一纵模(单频)激光，最终实现功率稳定、宽调谐范围的单频光纤激光输出。该激光器结合复合腔的结构优势，具有全光纤化结构、波长调谐范围宽等优点，可广泛应用于光通信、传感、光谱学等领域。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
图1为应力加载器对多模光纤施加应力产生拉伸形变的示意图；
图2为应力加载器对多模光纤施加应力产生压缩形变的示意图；
图3为应力加载器对多模光纤施加应力产生弯曲形变的示意图；
图4为应力加载器对多模光纤施加应力产生扭转形变的示意图；
图5为本发明的基于多模干涉效应的宽可调谐单频光纤激光器的原理示意图；
图中：1-高反射率啁啾光纤光栅、2-高增益光纤、3-低反射率啁啾光纤光栅、4-泵浦源、5-光波分复用器、6-光耦合器、7-光隔离器、8-光环形器、9-光纤标准具、10-SMS光纤结构装置、11-应力加载器。
发明实施例
本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图和具体例子对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步的描述，需要说明的是本发明要求保护的范围并不局限于实施例表述的范围，以下若有未特别详细说明之过程，均是本领域技术人员可参照现有技术实现的。
本发明实施例中应力加载器对多模光纤施加应力产生形变有不同的方式。如图1～4所示，其施加应力的方向和多模光纤的长度方向一致，产生拉伸形变(图1)；或者其施加应力的方向和多模光纤的长度方向垂直，产生压缩形变(图2)；或者其施加应力使得多模光纤两端相互靠近，产生弯曲形变(图3)；或者其施加应力使得多模光纤旋转，产生扭转形变(图4)。
如图5所示，为本发明实施例中的基于多模干涉效应的宽可调谐单频光纤激光器原理示意图，包括高反射率啁啾光纤光栅1、高增益光纤2、低反射率啁啾光纤光栅3、泵浦源4、光波分复用器5、光耦合器6、光隔离器7、光环形器8、光 纤标准具9、SMS光纤结构装置10和应力加载器11。其中，高增益光纤2的一端与高反射率啁啾光纤光栅1的一端连接，高增益光纤2的另一端与低反射率啁啾光纤光栅3的一端连接，三者一起构成短线型谐振腔部分；光波分复用器5的泵浦端与泵浦源4的尾纤连接，光波分复用器5的公共端与低反射率啁啾光纤光栅3的另一端连接，光波分复用器5的信号端与光耦合器6的输入端连接，光耦合器6的大输出端口与光环形器8的a端口连接，光环形器8的b端口与光纤标准具9输入端连接，光纤标准具9输出端与SMS光纤结构装置10的一端连接，SMS光纤结构装置10的另一端与光环形器8的c端口连接，应力加载器11固定在SMS光纤结构装置10的上面，光耦合器6的小输出端口与光隔离器7的输入端连接。最终谐振腔所产生的光纤激光经光隔离器7的输出端口输出。其中由光环形器8、光纤标准具9和SMS光纤结构装置10构成环形腔部分，以自注入锁定的形式与短线型谐振腔一起构成复合腔结构。
实施例1
本实施例的高反射率啁啾光纤光栅1的工作波长为1525～1565nm，其反射谱3dB带宽为40nm，其中心波长反射率为99.9％，对泵浦光的透射率为99.9％。本例的低反射率啁啾光纤光栅3的工作波长为1525～1565nm，其反射谱3dB带宽为40nm，其中心波长反射率为60％。高反射率啁啾光纤光栅1和低反射率啁啾光纤光栅3组成一个具有宽光谱范围选择及滤波作用的功能模块。本例使用的高增益光纤2为高掺杂Er 3+光纤。其中，高反射率啁啾光纤光栅1的一端、高增益光纤2的两端和低反射率啁啾光纤光栅3的一端，三者之间研磨抛光各自端面后通过紧密对接耦合。本例使用的泵浦源4是980nm单模半导体激光器。本例使用光耦合器6的分光比为5/95。本例使用的光纤标准具9为光纤法布里-帕罗(F-P)标准具，其自由光谱范围为100GHz，3dB透射带宽为0.5GHz，工作波长范围为1520～1570nm。本例使用的SMS光纤结构装置10通过熔接级联三根纤芯直径为105μm、包层直径为125μm、5cm长的多模光纤，并在三根多模光纤上面分别各自粘贴一个PZT构成应力加载器11，三个PZT同步施加应力的方向和多模光纤的长度方向垂直，使多模光纤产生压缩形变。本例中使用的三个PZT的输入电压范围均为0～ 150V，其形变能力为3.5μm/100V。
本实施例采用1550nm波段作为例子，由泵浦源4产生的泵浦光通过光波分复用器5的泵浦端，从低反射率啁啾光纤光栅3输入，泵浦光不断抽运高增益光纤中的高掺杂稀土发光离子，使其达到粒子数反转状态，结合高、低反射率啁啾光纤光栅(腔镜)的作用，受激发射产生宽光谱输出。输出激光经过5∶95的光耦合器6后，95％的输出依次经过光环形器的a端口、b端口，然后进入到光纤F-P标准具中，产生梳状谱型的激光输出，接着通过起滤波作用的SMS光纤结构装置，使得梳状激光中只透过单一波长的激光，再依次经过光环形器的c端口、a端口和光耦合器6返回到谐振腔中，通过增强单波长振荡，抑制其它波长振荡，并压窄线宽，形成单一纵模(单频)激光，并依次通过光波分复用器5、光耦合器6的5％输出端口和光隔离器7输出单频光纤激光。
然后，通过同步改变三个PZT的工作电压，使PZT产生压缩形变而对SMS光纤结构装置内的多模光纤施加压缩形变，使得多模光纤的透过波长发生变化，波长的变化范围在1520～1570nm内，例如1533.2nm、1545.2nm、1559.6nm、1562.0nm等等，接着通过注入方式返回到谐振腔中，抑制其它波长的振荡并压窄线宽，最终实现功率稳定、1525～1565nm之间(宽调谐范围)自由调谐的单频光纤激光输出。
实施例2
本实施例的高反射率啁啾光纤光栅1的工作波长为1850～2000nm，其反射谱3dB带宽为150nm，其中心波长反射率为99.9％，对泵浦光的透射率为99.9％。本例的低反射率啁啾光纤光栅3的工作波长为1850～2000nm，其反射谱3dB带宽为150nm，其中心波长反射率为60％。高反射率啁啾光纤光栅1和低反射率啁啾光纤光栅3组成一个具有宽光谱范围选择及滤波作用的功能模块。本例使用的高增益光纤2为高掺杂Tm 3+光纤。其中，高反射率啁啾光纤光栅1的一端、高增益光纤2的两端和低反射率啁啾光纤光栅3的一端，三者之间研磨抛光各自端面后通过紧密对接耦合。本例使用的泵浦源4是793nm单模半导体激光器。本例使用光耦合器6的分光比为5/95。本例使用的光纤标准具9为光纤F-P标准具，其自由光谱范围为100GHz，3dB透射带宽为0.5 GHz，工作波长范围为1850～2000nm。本例使用的SMS光纤结构装置10通过熔接级联的两根纤芯直径为105μm、包层直径为125μm、5cm长的多模光纤，并在两根多模光纤上面分别各自加载光纤位移台构成应力加载器11，两个光纤位移台同步施加应力使得多模光纤两端相互靠近，产生弯曲形变。本例使用的两个光纤位移台的可变长度均为20cm。
本实施例采用1950nm波段作为例子，由泵浦源产生的泵浦光通过光波分复用器的泵浦端，从低反射率啁啾光纤光栅输入，泵浦光不断抽运高增益光纤中的高掺杂稀土发光离子，使其达到粒子数反转，结合高、低反射率啁啾光纤光栅(腔镜)的作用，受激发射产生宽光谱输出。输出激光经过5∶95的光耦合器后，95％的输出依次经过光环形器的a端口、b端口，然后进入到光纤F-P标准具中，产生梳状谱型的激光输出，接着通过起滤波作用的SMS光纤结构装置，使得梳状激光中只透过单一波长的激光，再依次经过光环形器的c端口、a端口和光耦合器返回到谐振腔中，通过增强单波长振荡，抑制其它波长振荡，并压窄线宽，产生单一纵模(单频)激光，并依次通过光波分复用器、光耦合器的5％输出端口和光隔离器输出单频光纤激光。
然后，通过同步移动两个光纤位移台的可动端，缩小光纤位移台的固定端与可动端的距离，缩小距离为0～1mm，对SMS光纤结构装置内的多模光纤施加弯曲形变，使得多模光纤的透过波长发生变化，波长的变化范围在1850～2000nm内，例如1860.5nm、1902.4nm、1950.1nm、1980.2nm等等，接着通过注入方式返回到谐振腔中，抑制其它波长的振荡并压窄线宽，最终实现功率稳定、1850～2000nm之间(宽调谐范围)自由调谐的单频光纤激光输出。
以上所述，仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明做任何形式上的限定。凡本领域的技术人员利用本发明的技术方案对上述实施例作出的任何等同的变动、修饰或演变等，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于多模干涉效应的宽可调谐的单频光纤激光器，其特征在于，包括高反射率啁啾光纤光栅(1)、高增益光纤(2)、低反射率啁啾光纤光栅(3)、泵浦源(4)、光波分复用器(5)、光耦合器(6)、光隔离器(7)、光环形器(8)、光纤标准具(9)、SMS光纤结构装置(10)和应力加载器(11)；其中，高增益光纤(2)的一端与高反射率啁啾光纤光栅(1)的一端连接，高增益光纤(2)的另一端与低反射率啁啾光纤光栅(3)的一端连接，三者构成短线型谐振腔部分；光波分复用器(5)的泵浦端与泵浦源(4)的尾纤连接，光波分复用器(5)的公共端与低反射率啁啾光纤光栅(3)的另一端连接，光波分复用器(5)的信号端与光耦合器(6)的输入端连接，光耦合器(6)的大输出端口与光环形器(8)的a端口连接，光环形器(8)的b端口与光纤标准具(9)输入端连接，光纤标准具(9)输出端与SMS光纤结构装置(10)的一端连接，SMS光纤结构装置(10)的另一端与光环形器(8)的c端口连接，应力加载器(11)固定在SMS光纤结构装置(10)的上面，光耦合器(6)的小输出端口与光隔离器(7)的输入端连接，最终谐振腔所产生的光纤激光经光隔离器(7)的输出端口输出；其中由光环形器(8)、光纤标准具(9)和SMS光纤结构装置(10)构成环形腔部分，以自注入锁定的形式与短线型谐振腔构成复合腔结构。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的宽可调谐单频光纤激光器，其特征在于：所述高反射率啁啾光纤光栅(1)对泵浦光波长的透射率大于80％，而对信号光波长的反射率大于80％，且反射谱3dB带宽为1～200nm；低反射率啁啾光纤光栅(3)对信号光的反射率为5～75％，且反射谱3dB带宽为1～200nm。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的宽可调谐单频光纤激光器，其特征在于：所述高增益光纤(2)为高掺杂稀土发光离子的光纤，单位长度增益大 于1dB/cm；其离子类型包括Yb 3+、Er 3+、Tm 3+、Ho 3+、Dy 3+的单掺、双掺和多掺。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的宽可调谐单频光纤激光器，其特征在于：所述泵浦源(4)是固体激光器、半导体激光器或光纤激光器，且泵浦波长范围700～2000nm。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的宽可调谐单频光纤激光器，其特征在于：所述光耦合器(6)的小输出端口和大输出端口的分光比为1/99～50/50。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的宽可调谐单频光纤激光器，其特征在于：所述光纤标准具(9)的自由光谱范围为20～10000GHz，3dB透射带宽小于10GHz。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的宽可调谐单频光纤激光器，其特征在于：所述光纤标准具(9)为一个或者多个光纤标准具的级联形式。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的宽可调谐单频光纤激光器，其特征在于：所述SMS光纤结构装置(10)是通过在两根单模光纤之间熔接一根多模光纤所构成；多模光纤的纤芯直径为50～2000μm，包层直径为100～2500μm，长度为0.01～500cm。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的宽可调谐单频光纤激光器，其特征在于：所述SMS光纤结构装置(10)为一根或多根多模光纤级联的形式。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的宽可调谐单频光纤激光器，其特征在于：所述应力加载器(11)是固定在SMS光纤结构装置(10)的多模光纤的上面，应力加载器(11)为一个或者多个。
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