WO2020238590A1 - 调光玻璃 - Google Patents

调光玻璃 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020238590A1
WO2020238590A1 PCT/CN2020/089371 CN2020089371W WO2020238590A1 WO 2020238590 A1 WO2020238590 A1 WO 2020238590A1 CN 2020089371 W CN2020089371 W CN 2020089371W WO 2020238590 A1 WO2020238590 A1 WO 2020238590A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
substrate
layer
crystal cell
electrode
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/089371
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
肖月磊
李月
武晓娟
赵楠
Original Assignee
京东方科技集团股份有限公司
北京京东方传感技术有限公司
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Application filed by 京东方科技集团股份有限公司, 北京京东方传感技术有限公司 filed Critical 京东方科技集团股份有限公司
Priority to US17/251,636 priority Critical patent/US11487160B2/en
Priority to EP20812840.5A priority patent/EP3978995A4/en
Publication of WO2020238590A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020238590A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
    • G02F1/13394—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells spacers regularly patterned on the cell subtrate, e.g. walls, pillars
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
    • G02F1/13475—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells in which at least one liquid crystal cell or layer is doped with a pleochroic dye, e.g. GH-LC cell
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/13731—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on a field-induced phase transition
    • G02F1/13737—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on a field-induced phase transition in liquid crystals doped with a pleochroic dye
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • E06B2009/2464—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1345—Conductors connecting electrodes to cell terminals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/13725—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on guest-host interaction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
    • G02F2202/04—Materials and properties dye
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
    • G02F2203/48—Variable attenuator

Definitions

  • the present disclosure belongs to the technical field of smart glass, and specifically relates to dimming glass.
  • the existing dimming glass mainly adopts PDLC (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal) dimming film or EC (Electrochromic) technology.
  • PDLC Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal
  • EC Electrode
  • the optical axis orientation of the liquid crystal particles in the PDLC dimming film is random, presenting a disordered state, and the effective refractive index n0 of the liquid crystal particles does not match the refractive index np of the matrix polymer of the PDLC dimming film.
  • the light incident on the PDLC dimming film will be strongly scattered, and the PDLC dimming film is opaque or semi-transparent; when an external voltage is applied, the optical axis of the liquid crystal particles in the PDLC dimming film is perpendicular to the PDLC dimming film
  • the surface, that is, the direction of the electric field formed by the external voltage is consistent.
  • the refractive index of the liquid crystal particles is basically matched with the refractive index of the matrix polymer of the PDLC dimming film. There is no obvious interface in the PDLC dimming film, and it is a basically uniform medium. The light to the PDLC dimming film will not be scattered, and the PDLC dimming film is transparent.
  • the PDLC dimming film has optical switching characteristics.
  • the PDLC dimming film can only switch between transparency and haze, without shading or heat insulation; in addition, the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal fluid has a high viscosity and is not suitable for the liquid crystal drop filling (One Drop Filling, ODF) process.
  • the current electrochromic tinted light glass has problems such as slow response time and high requirements for the uniformity of electrode film thickness.
  • the present disclosure provides a dimming glass, including a translucent substrate and a dimming functional layer.
  • the translucent substrate includes a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other.
  • the dimming functional layer is disposed on the first substrate and Between the second substrates, the dimming function layer includes at least two liquid crystal cells; and each liquid crystal cell is stacked, and the liquid crystal layer in each liquid crystal cell includes dye liquid crystal.
  • the dimming function layer includes a first liquid crystal cell and a second liquid crystal cell.
  • the first liquid crystal cell includes a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other, and a second substrate disposed on the first substrate close to the second substrate.
  • a first alignment layer on one side, a second alignment layer provided on the side of the second substrate close to the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer
  • the second liquid crystal cell includes a third substrate and a fourth substrate disposed oppositely, a third alignment layer disposed on the side of the third substrate close to the fourth substrate, and a second substrate disposed on the side of the fourth substrate close to the third substrate.
  • the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer of the first liquid crystal cell are aligned parallel, and the second liquid crystal cell’s
  • the alignment of the third alignment layer and the fourth alignment layer are parallel, and the alignment of the first alignment layer in the first liquid crystal cell and the alignment of the third alignment layer in the second liquid crystal cell are perpendicular to each other.
  • a first electrode layer is provided between the first substrate and the first alignment layer of the first liquid crystal cell, and the second substrate and the second alignment layer of the first liquid crystal cell are A second electrode layer is provided between the second liquid crystal cell, a third electrode layer is provided between the third substrate and the third alignment layer of the second liquid crystal cell, and the fourth substrate and the fourth alignment layer of the second liquid crystal cell are A fourth electrode layer is arranged between the layers.
  • a first connection electrode and a second connection electrode are further provided on the first substrate, and the first connection electrode is directly connected to the first electrode layer and connected to the first signal connection line, The second connection electrode is connected to the second electrode layer through the first conductive structure and is connected to the second signal line.
  • the third substrate is further provided with a third connection electrode and a fourth connection electrode. The three connecting electrodes are directly connected to the third electrode layer and connected to the third signal connecting line, and the fourth connecting electrode is connected to the fourth electrode layer through the second conductive structure and connected to the fourth signal line.
  • the first conductive structure includes silver paste or gold
  • the second conductive structure includes silver paste or gold
  • At least one of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer in the first liquid crystal cell includes a plurality of electrode blocks, and each electrode is controlled by a separate driving circuit.
  • At least one of the third electrode layer and the fourth electrode layer in the second liquid crystal cell includes a plurality of electrode blocks, and each electrode is controlled by a separate driving circuit.
  • the second substrate in the first liquid crystal cell is multiplexed as the third substrate in the second liquid crystal cell.
  • a first spacer is further provided between the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer of the first liquid crystal cell, and the third alignment layer and the fourth alignment layer of the second liquid crystal cell are A second spacer is also arranged between the layers, the first spacer maintains the cell thickness of the first liquid crystal cell, and the second spacer maintains the cell thickness of the second liquid crystal cell.
  • the first substrate and the first substrate of the first liquid crystal cell are connected by a first adhesive layer, and the second substrate of the first liquid crystal cell is connected to the third substrate of the second liquid crystal cell.
  • the substrate is connected by a second adhesive layer.
  • the materials of the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer both include transparent optical conductive glue or plastic resin glue.
  • both the first substrate and the second substrate are made of tempered glass.
  • the dimming glass is used as a vehicle window glass.
  • the dye liquid crystal includes color dye liquid crystal.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dimming glass provided by an embodiment of the disclosure in a bright state;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dimming glass provided by an embodiment of the disclosure in a dark state
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the signal connection of the first electrode layer in the first liquid crystal cell of the dimming glass provided by the embodiment of the disclosure;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the signal connection of the second electrode layer in the first liquid crystal cell of the dimming glass provided by the embodiment of the disclosure;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the signal connection of the third electrode layer in the second liquid crystal cell of the dimming glass provided by the embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the signal connection of the fourth electrode layer in the second liquid crystal cell of the dimming glass provided by the embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dimming glass provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure in a partly bright state and partly a dark state;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dimming glass provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure in a partly bright state and partly a dark state;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a dimming glass provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a dimming glass including a light-transmitting substrate and a dimming functional layer.
  • the light-transmitting substrate may include a first substrate and a second substrate that are opposed to each other.
  • the dimming function layer can be arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate to adjust the light transmittance.
  • the dimming function layer includes at least two liquid crystal cells, each liquid crystal cell is arranged in a stacked layer, and the liquid crystal layer in each liquid crystal cell includes dye liquid crystal, that is, the material of the liquid crystal layer includes liquid crystal molecules and dopants.
  • the dichroic dyes is provided.
  • the dimming glass of this embodiment includes a plurality of liquid crystal cells arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, and the liquid crystal layer in the liquid crystal cell adopts dye liquid crystal, the dye liquid crystal is doped with dichroic dye to align Formed in aligned liquid crystals, dichroic dyes have different absorption rates for polarized light in the vertical and parallel molecular axis directions. Polarized light in a certain direction is absorbed, while polarized light in the vertical direction will be transmitted.
  • VA vertical alignment
  • the dimming glass including two liquid crystal cells (a first liquid crystal cell and a second liquid crystal cell) as an example for description.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a dimming glass, which includes a transparent substrate and a dimming functional layer.
  • the transparent substrate includes a first substrate 10 and a second substrate 20 that are disposed oppositely.
  • the dimming function layer includes a first liquid crystal cell and a second liquid crystal cell that are stacked.
  • the dimming function layer is disposed between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20.
  • the first liquid crystal cell includes a first substrate 11 and a second substrate 12 arranged oppositely, a first electrode layer 13 and a first alignment layer 15 arranged in sequence on the side of the first substrate 11 close to the second substrate 12, arranged in sequence in The second electrode layer 14 and the second alignment layer 16 on the side of the second substrate 12 close to the first substrate 11 and the first liquid crystal layer 17 disposed between the first alignment layer 15 and the second alignment layer 16.
  • the second liquid crystal cell includes a third substrate 21 and a fourth substrate 22 arranged oppositely, a third electrode layer 23 and a third alignment layer 25 arranged in sequence on the side of the third substrate 21 close to the fourth substrate 22, arranged in sequence in The fourth electrode layer 24 and the fourth alignment layer 26 on the side of the fourth substrate 22 close to the third substrate 21 and the second liquid crystal layer 27 disposed between the third alignment layer 25 and the fourth alignment layer 26.
  • the orientation of the first alignment layer 15 and the second alignment layer 16 of the first liquid crystal cell are the same; the alignment of the third alignment layer 25 and the fourth alignment layer 26 of the second liquid crystal cell are the same; the first alignment layer 15 of the first liquid crystal cell
  • the alignments of the third alignment layer 25 and the second liquid crystal cell are perpendicular to each other.
  • Both the first liquid crystal layer 17 and the second liquid crystal layer 27 include dye liquid crystals, that is, liquid crystal molecules and doped dichroic dyes.
  • the liquid crystal molecules can be negative liquid crystal molecules, of course, it is not limited to negative liquid crystal molecules
  • the first electrode layer, the second electrode layer, the third electrode layer, and the fourth electrode layer all include plate-shaped electrodes. That is, the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer can form a VA-type electric field between them after a voltage is applied, and the third electrode layer and the fourth electrode layer can also form a VA-type electric field between them after a voltage is applied.
  • the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer can form a TN-type electric field after voltage is applied, and the third electrode layer and the fourth electrode layer can also be between after voltage is applied. A TN-type electric field is formed.
  • the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer of the first liquid crystal cell may also be provided on the first substrate, and the third electrode layer and the fourth electrode layer of the second liquid crystal cell may also be provided on the first substrate. All are arranged on the third substrate. At this time, the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are arranged in order in a direction away from the first substrate, and the third electrode layer and the fourth electrode layer are arranged in order in a direction away from the third substrate.
  • the first electrode layer and the third electrode layer can be plate electrodes, and the second electrode layer and the fourth electrode layer can be slit electrodes.
  • the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer can form FFS (Fringe Field Switching) Type electric field or ADS (Advanced-Super Dimensional Switching) type electric field
  • the third electrode layer and the fourth electrode layer can form an FFS type electric field or ADS type electric field
  • the first liquid crystal cell may also only include the first electrode layer on the first substrate
  • the second liquid crystal cell may also include only the third electrode layer on the third substrate.
  • the first electrode layer includes The first electrode and the second electrode are spaced apart
  • the third electrode layer includes a third electrode and a fourth electrode spaced apart.
  • the first electrode and the second electrode can form an IPS type electric field.
  • the third electrode and the second electrode Four electrodes can form an IPS type electric field.
  • the orientations of the first alignment layer 15 and the second alignment layer 16 of the first liquid crystal cell are parallel to each other, that is, the pre-alignment of the liquid crystal molecules relative to the first alignment layer 15 and the second alignment layer 16
  • the tilt angles are the same
  • the orientations of the third alignment layer 25 and the fourth alignment layer 26 of the second liquid crystal cell are parallel to each other, that is, the pretilt angles of the liquid crystal molecules relative to the third alignment layer 25 and the fourth alignment layer 26 are the same
  • the alignment of the first alignment layer 15 and the third alignment layer 25 of the second liquid crystal cell are perpendicular to each other, that is, the pretilt angles of the liquid crystal molecules relative to the first alignment layer 15 and the third alignment layer 25 differ by 90°.
  • the negative liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal cell are affected by the anchoring force of the PI (Polyimide) layer, and the liquid crystal molecules appear perpendicular to the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12, and the dichroic dye follows the liquid crystal
  • the molecules are also perpendicular to the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12
  • the negative liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal cell are affected by the anchoring force of the PI (Polyimide) layer, and the liquid crystal molecules appear perpendicular to the third substrate 21 and the fourth substrate 22,
  • the dichroic dye is also perpendicular to the third substrate 21 and the fourth substrate 22 along with the liquid crystal molecules.
  • the light is less absorbed by the dichroic dye, and the dichroic glass presents a bright state, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the first The negative liquid crystal molecules in a liquid crystal cell are parallel to the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 by the electric field force
  • the negative liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal cell are parallel to the third substrate 21 and the fourth substrate 22 by the electric field force
  • the pretilt angles of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal cell relative to the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer are the same, that is, the orientation of the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer are parallel, and the liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal cell are relative to the third alignment layer.
  • the pretilt angles of the fourth alignment layer and the fourth alignment layer are the same, that is, the alignments of the third alignment layer and the fourth alignment layer are parallel, and the first alignment layer 15 in the first liquid crystal cell and the third alignment layer 25 in the second liquid crystal cell have The orientations are perpendicular to each other. At this time, the directions of light absorption by the dye liquid crystal are orthogonal to each other. According to Marius's law, the incident light is basically completely absorbed by the dimming glass, and the dimming glass is in a dark state, as shown in Figure 2.
  • the dimming glass provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure has the advantages of fast response time and low dark state transmittance.
  • the first substrate 11 in the first liquid crystal cell and the first substrate 10 in the light-transmitting substrate may be connected together by a first adhesive layer 30;
  • the first adhesive layer 30 may specifically include Transparent optical (Optically Clear Adhesive, OCA) conductive glue or plastic resin glue such as PVB (polyvinyl butyral) glue that can prevent ultraviolet rays.
  • OCA Transparent optical
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • the first adhesive layer 30 is not limited to the above two materials, and other transparent and adhesive materials can also be used.
  • the second substrate 12 of the first liquid crystal cell and the third substrate 21 of the second liquid crystal cell can be connected together by a second adhesive layer 40, and the second adhesive layer 40 can be used with the above-mentioned first adhesive layer 30 The same material.
  • a first spacer 18 may be arranged between the first alignment layer 15 and the second alignment layer 16 of the first liquid crystal cell, and a first spacer 18 may be arranged between the third alignment layer 25 and the fourth alignment layer 26 of the second liquid crystal cell.
  • the two spacers 28, the material of the first spacer 18 and the second spacer 28 can be resin material, the thickness of the first spacer 18 and the second spacer 28 (that is, in the direction parallel to each orientation layer) The size above) can be between 10 ⁇ m and 30 ⁇ m. According to the thickness of the selected spacer, the dark state transmittance of the dimming glass is 0.5%-15%, and the bright state transmittance is 38%-76%.
  • the first substrate 11 of the first liquid crystal cell may also be provided with a first connection electrode 51 and a second connection electrode 52.
  • the first connection electrode 51 may be directly connected to the first electrode layer 13 provided on the first substrate 11, and Connected to the first signal connection line 61.
  • the second connection electrode 52 can be connected to the second electrode layer 14 on the second substrate 12 through the first conductive structure 70, and connected to the second signal line 62, As shown in Figure 4.
  • the first signal line 61 and the second signal line 62 may introduce signals through soldering or FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit).
  • the first conductive structure 70 may include silver paste or Au (gold).
  • the third substrate 21 of the second liquid crystal cell may be provided with a third connection electrode 53 directly connected to the third electrode layer 23 and a fourth electrode through the second conductive structure 80.
  • the signal may be introduced by soldering or FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit), and the second conductive structure 80 may include silver glue or Au (gold).
  • first signal line 61, the second signal line 62, the third signal line 63, and the fourth signal line 64 may introduce signals in the same or different ways, and the first conductive structure 70 and the second conductive structure 80 may include The same or different materials can be selected according to needs, and the embodiments of the present disclosure do not specifically limit this.
  • first liquid crystal cell may further include a first frame sealing glue 19 for sealing the first liquid crystal cell
  • second liquid crystal cell may further include a second frame sealing glue 29 for sealing the second liquid crystal cell
  • the dimming glass provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can realize a partial bright state and a partial dark state.
  • at least one of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer in the first liquid crystal cell may include a plurality of electrode blocks, and each electrode block is controlled by a separate driving circuit, or the third electrode layer in the second liquid crystal cell
  • At least one of the electrode layer and the fourth electrode layer may include a plurality of electrode blocks, and each electrode block is controlled by a separate driving circuit.
  • the first electrode layer 13 in the first liquid crystal cell includes multiple electrode blocks, the multiple electrode blocks are equivalent to dividing the first liquid crystal cell into multiple regions, and each electrode block is It is controlled by a separate driving circuit.
  • the second electrode layer 14 in the first liquid crystal cell may include a plurality of electrode blocks. In this case, different voltages can be applied to different electrode blocks so that each electrode block and the first electrode disposed opposite to it can be controlled. Different electric fields are generated between the layers 13 to realize different transmittances of different regions of the dimming glass.
  • both the first electrode layer 13 and the second electrode layer 14 in the first liquid crystal cell may include multiple electrode blocks.
  • the difference between the electrode blocks in the first electrode layer 13 and the second electrode layer 14 The electrode blocks therebetween are at least partially overlapped.
  • the third electrode layer 23 in the second liquid crystal cell includes multiple electrode blocks
  • the multiple electrode blocks are equivalent to dividing the first liquid crystal cell into multiple regions, and each electrode block is It is controlled by a separate driving circuit.
  • different voltages can be applied to different electrode blocks to generate different electric fields between each electrode block and the fourth electrode layer 24 disposed opposite to it.
  • the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer corresponding to each electrode block is different, so that the transmittance of the area corresponding to each electrode block of the first liquid crystal cell is different, that is, the transmission of different areas of the dimming glass The rate is different.
  • the fourth electrode layer 24 in the second liquid crystal cell may include a plurality of electrode blocks.
  • both the third electrode layer 23 and the fourth electrode layer 24 in the second liquid crystal cell may include multiple electrode blocks.
  • the electrode blocks in the third electrode layer 23 and the fourth electrode layer 24 are different from each other.
  • the electrode blocks therebetween are at least partially overlapped. In this case, according to the above-mentioned method, it is also possible to achieve different transmittances of different regions of the dimming glass.
  • At least one of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer in the first liquid crystal cell may include a plurality of electrode blocks, and each electrode block is controlled by a different driving circuit.
  • at least one of the third electrode layer and the fourth electrode layer in the second liquid crystal cell includes a plurality of electrode blocks.
  • the dimming glass in the embodiment of the present disclosure is particularly suitable for automotive glass.
  • the first substrate and the second substrate in the transparent substrate may be tempered glass.
  • liquid crystal layers in the first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell may also use color dye liquid crystals, so that the dimming glass can present colors.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a dimming glass.
  • the structure of the dimming glass is substantially the same as that of the dimming glass in the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • the difference is that the first substrate in the first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell are The third base is shared.
  • the second substrate 12 in the first liquid crystal cell is simultaneously used as the third substrate 21 in the second liquid crystal cell.
  • the third electrode layer 23 and the third alignment layer 25 in the second liquid crystal cell It is arranged on the side of the second substrate 12 of the first liquid crystal cell facing away from the liquid crystal layer 17 of the first liquid crystal cell.
  • the dimming glass in this embodiment saves the third substrate 21 connecting the second liquid crystal cell and the second substrate 12 of the first liquid crystal cell compared with the dimming glass in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the second bonding layer 40 therefore, can reduce the thickness of the dimming glass and reduce the cost at the same time.

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Abstract

一种调光玻璃，包括透光基板和调光功能层，透光基板包括相对设置的第一基板（10）和第二基板（20），调光功能层设置在第一基板（10）与第二基板（20）之间，调光功能层包括至少两个液晶盒，各液晶盒叠层设置，每个液晶盒中的液晶层包括染料液晶。

Description

调光玻璃
相关领域的交叉引用
本申请要求于2019年5月24日提交的中国专利申请No.201910441506.9的优先权，该中国专利申请的内容通过引用的方式整体合并与此。
技术领域
本公开属于智能玻璃技术领域，具体涉及调光玻璃。
背景技术
目前已有的调光玻璃主要采用PDLC(聚合物分散液晶)调光膜或EC(电致变色)技术。在无外加电压的情形下，PDLC调光膜中的液晶微粒的光轴取向随机，呈现无序状态，液晶微粒的有效折射率n0不与PDLC调光膜的基体聚合物的折射率np匹配，入射到PDLC调光膜的光线会被强烈散射，PDLC调光膜呈不透明或半透明状；施加了外电压的情形下，PDLC调光膜中的液晶微粒的光轴垂直于PDLC调光膜的表面，即与外电压所形成的电场方向一致，液晶微粒的折射率与PDLC调光膜的基体聚合物的折射率基本匹配，PDLC调光膜中无明显介面，呈基本均匀的介质，所以入射到PDLC调光膜的光不会发生散射，PDLC调光膜呈透明状。因此，PDLC调光膜具备光开关特性。但是，PDLC调光膜只能实现透明与雾度切换，不遮光、不隔热；此外聚合物分散液晶流体粘度大，不适用液晶滴下式注入(One Drop Filling，ODF)工艺。当前的电致变色调光玻璃存在响应时间慢，对电极膜层厚度均一性要求高等问题。
公开内容
本公开提供一种调光玻璃，包括透光基板和调光功能层，所述透光基板包括相对设置的第一基板和第二基板，所述调光功能层设置在所述第一基板与所述第二基板之间，所述调光功能层包括至少两个液晶盒；且各液晶盒叠层设置，每个液晶盒中的液晶层包括染料液晶。
在一些实施方式中，所述调光功能层包括第一液晶盒和第二液晶盒，第一液晶盒包括相对设置的第一基底和第二基底、设置在第一基底的靠近第二基底的一侧的第一取向层、设置在第二基底的靠近第一基底的一侧的第二取向层、以及夹设在所述第一取向层和所述第二取向层之间的液晶层，第二液晶盒包括相对设置的第三基底和第四基底、设置在第三基底的靠近第四基底的一侧的第三取向层、设置在第四基底的靠近第三基底的一侧的第四取向层、以及夹设在所述第三取向层和所述第四取向层之间的液晶层，第一液晶盒的第一取向层和第二取向层的取向平行，第二液晶盒的第三取向层和第四取向层的取向平行，第一液晶盒中的第一取向层的取向与第二液晶盒中第三取向层的取向相互垂直。
在一些实施方式中，第一液晶盒的所述第一基底和所述第一取向层之间设置有第一电极层，第一液晶盒的所述第二基底和所述第二取向层之间设置有第二电极层，第二液晶盒的所述第三基底和所述第三取向层之间设置有第三电极层，第二液晶盒的所述第四基底和所述第四取向层之间设置有第四电极层。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一基底上还设置有第一连接电极和第二连接电极，所述第一连接电极与所述第一电极层直接连接，并与第一信号连接线连接，所述第二连接电极通过第一导电结构与所述第二电极层连接，并与第二信号线连接，所述第三基底上还设置有第三连接电极和第四连接电极，所述第三连接电极与所述第三电极层直接连接，并与第三信号连接线连接，所述第四连接电极通过第二导电结构与所述第四电极层连接，并与第四信号线连接。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一导电结构包括银胶或金，所述 第二导电结构包括银胶或金。
在一些实施方式中，第一液晶盒中的第一电极层和第二电极层中的至少一者包括多个电极块，且每个电极通过单独的驱动电路控制。
在一些实施方式中，第二液晶盒中的第三电极层和第四电极层中的至少一者包括多个电极块，且每个电极通过单独的驱动电路控制。
在一些实施方式中，第一液晶盒中的第二基底复用为第二液晶盒中的第三基底。
在一些实施方式中，在所述第一液晶盒的第一取向层和第二取向层之间还设置有第一隔垫物，在所述第二液晶盒的第三取向层和第四取向层之间还设置有第二隔垫物，第一隔垫物维持所述第一液晶盒的盒厚，第二隔垫物维持所述第二液晶盒的盒厚。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一基板与所述第一液晶盒的第一基底通过第一粘结层连接，所述第一液晶盒的第二基底与所述第二液晶盒的第三基底通过第二粘结层连接。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一粘结层和所述第二粘结层的材料均包括透明光学导电胶或塑性树脂胶。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一基板和所述第二基板均采用钢化玻璃。
在一些实施方式中，所述调光玻璃用作车窗玻璃。
在一些实施方式中，所述染料液晶包括彩色染料液晶。
附图说明
图1为本公开的实施例提供的调光玻璃在亮态时的结构示意图；
图2为本公开的实施例提供的调光玻璃在暗态时的结构示意图；
图3为本公开的实施例提供的调光玻璃的第一液晶盒中的第一电极层的信号连接示意图；
图4为本公开的实施例提供的调光玻璃的第一液晶盒中的第二电极层的信号连接示意图；
图5为本公开的实施例提供的调光玻璃的第二液晶盒中的第三电极层的信号连接示意图；
图6为本公开的实施例提供的调光玻璃的第二液晶盒中的第四电极层的信号连接示意图；
图7为本公开的实施例提供的调光玻璃在部分区域亮态、部分区域暗态时的结构示意图；
图8为本公开的实施例提供的调光玻璃在部分区域亮态、部分区域暗态时的结构示意图；以及
图9为本公开的实施例提供的调光玻璃的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更好地理解本公开的技术方案，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本公开的技术方案作进一步详细描述。
本公开的实施例提供一种调光玻璃，包括透光基板和调光功能层。透光基板可包括相对设置的第一基板和第二基板。调光功能层可设置在第一基板与第二基板之间，用以调节光线的透过率。具体的，在本实施例中调光功能层包括至少两个液晶盒，各液晶盒叠层设置，每个液晶盒中的液晶层均包括染料液晶，即液晶层的材料包括液晶分子和掺杂的二向色性染料。
由于本实施例的调光玻璃包括设置在第一基板与第二基板之间的多个液晶盒，且液晶盒中的液晶层采用染料液晶，染料液晶是将二向色性染料掺杂到定向排列液晶中形成的，二向色性染料对垂直和平行分子轴方向的偏振光的吸收率是不同的，吸收某一方向的偏振光，而垂直这一方向的偏振光将会透过。这样一来，以垂直排列(Vertical Alignment，VA)型染料液晶为例，在未加电场时，染料和液晶均垂直基板取向，自然光与染料可吸收光方向垂直，因此自然光基本不被吸收；当施加电场后，染料与液晶平行基板取向，自然光通过时，与染料可吸收光方向平行的光被 吸收。
为了更清楚本公开实施例中的调光玻璃的结构，以下以调光玻璃包括两个液晶盒(第一液晶盒和第二液晶盒)为例进行说明。
结合图1和2所示，本公开的实施例提供一种调光玻璃，其包括透明基板和调光功能层。透明基板包括相对设置的第一基板10和第二基板20。调光功能层包括叠层设置的第一液晶盒和第二液晶盒。调光功能层设置在第一基板10与第二基板20之间。第一液晶盒包括相对设置的第一基底11和第二基底12、依次设置在第一基底11的靠近第二基底12的一侧的第一电极层13和第一取向层15、依次设置在第二基底12的靠近第一基底11的一侧的第二电极层14和第二取向层16、以及设置在第一取向层15和第二取向层16之间的第一液晶层17。第二液晶盒包括相对设置的第三基底21和第四基底22、依次设置在第三基底21的靠近第四基底22的一侧的第三电极层23和第三取向层25、依次设置在第四基底22的靠近第三基底21的一侧的第四电极层24和第四取向层26、以及设置在第三取向层25和第四取向层26之间的第二液晶层27。第一液晶盒的第一取向层15和第二取向层16的取向相同；第二液晶盒的第三取向层25和第四取向层26的取向相同；第一液晶盒的第一取向层15和第二液晶盒的第三取向层25的取向相互垂直。第一液晶层17和第二液晶层27均包括染料液晶，即包括液晶分子和掺杂的二向色性染料。液晶分子可以采用负性液晶分子，当然，也不局限于负性液晶分子。
在本公开的实施例中，以第一电极层、第二电极层、第三电极层和第四电极层均包括板状电极为例进行说明。即，第一电极层和第二电极层在被施加电压后其间可以形成VA型电场，第三电极层和第四电极层在被施加电压后其间也可以形成VA型电场。当然，在液晶分子选用正性液晶分子时，第一电极层和第二电极层在被施加电压后其间可以形成TN型电场，第三电极层和第四电极层在被施加电压后其间也可以形成TN型电场。
另外，在本公开的实施例中，第一液晶盒的第一电极层和第二电极层也可以均设置在第一基底上，第二液晶盒的第三电极层和第四电极层也可均设置在第三基底上，此时，第一电极层和第二电极层沿背离第一基底的方向依次设置，第三电极层和第四电极层沿背离第三基底的方向依次设置，第一电极层和第三电极层可以采用板状电极，第二电极层和第四电极层可以为狭缝电极，施加电压时，第一电极层和第二电极层可以形成FFS(Fringe Field Switching)型电场或者ADS(Advanced-Super Dimensional Switching)型电场，第三电极层和第四电极层可以形成FFS型电场或者ADS型电场。当然，第一液晶盒中也可以只包括位于第一基底上的第一电极层，第二液晶盒中也可以只包括位于第三基底上的第三电极层，此时，第一电极层包括间隔设置的第一电极和第二电极，第三电极层包括间隔设置的第三电极和第四电极，在施加电压后，第一电极和第二电极可以形成IPS型电场，第三电极和第四电极可以形成IPS型电场。
本公开的实施例的调光玻璃中，第一液晶盒的第一取向层15和第二取向层16的取向相互平行，即液晶分子相对于第一取向层15和第二取向层16的预倾角相同；第二液晶盒的第三取向层25和第四取向层26的取向相互平行，即液晶分子相对于第三取向层25和第四取向层26的预倾角相同；第一液晶盒的第一取向层15和第二液晶盒的第三取向层25的取向相互垂直，即液晶分子相对于第一取向层15和第三取向层25的预倾角相差90°。因此，未加电时，第一液晶盒中的负性液晶分子受PI(Polyimide)层锚定力作用，液晶分子呈现垂直于第一基底11和第二基底12，二向色性染料随液晶分子也垂直于第一基底11和第二基底12，第二液晶盒中的负性液晶分子受PI(Polyimide)层锚定力作用，液晶分子呈现垂直于第三基底21和第四基底22，二向色性染料随液晶分子也垂直于第三基底21和第四基底22，光线被二向色性染料吸收较少，调光玻璃呈现亮态，如图1所示；加电场时，第一液晶盒中的负性液晶分子受电场力作用平行于第一基底11和第二基底12， 第二液晶盒中的负性液晶分子受电场力作用平行于第三基底21和第四基底22，第一液晶盒中液晶分子相对于第一取向层和第二取向层的预倾角相同，即第一取向层和第二取向层的取向平行，第二液晶盒中液晶分子相对于第三取向层和第四取向层的预倾角相同，即第三取向层和第四取向层的取向平行，而第一液晶盒中的第一取向层15和第二液晶盒中的第三取向层25的取向相互垂直，此时染料液晶可吸收光方向相互正交，根据马吕斯定律，入射光基本被调光玻璃全部吸收，调光玻璃呈现暗态，如图2所示。本公开的实施例提供的调光玻璃具有响应时间快、暗态透过率低等优点。
本公开的实施例中，第一液晶盒中的第一基底11与透光基板中的第一基板10之间可通过第一粘结层30连接在一起；第一粘结层30具体可以包括透明光学(Optically Clear Adhesive，OCA)导电胶或诸如可防紫外线的PVB(polyvinyl butyral)胶之类的塑性树脂胶。当然，第一粘结层30也不局限于以上两种材料，也可以采用其它透明、具有粘结力的材料。第一液晶盒的第二基底12和第二液晶盒的第三基底21之间可通过第二粘结层40连接在一起的，第二粘结层40可以与上述第一粘结层30采用相同的材料。
第一液晶盒的第一取向层15和第二取向层16之间可设置有第一隔垫物18，第二液晶盒的第三取向层25和第四取向层26之间可设置有第二隔垫物28，第一隔垫物18和第二隔垫物28的材料可以为树脂材料，第一隔垫物18和第二隔垫物28的厚度(即在平行于各取向层方向上的尺寸)可在10μm～30μm之间。根据选取隔垫物的厚度的不同，从而实现调光玻璃的暗态透过率在0.5％～15％，亮态透过率在38％～76％。
第一液晶盒的第一基底11上还可设置有第一连接电极51和第二连接电极52，第一连接电极51可与设置在第一基底11上的第一电极层13直接连接，并与第一信号连接线61连接，如图3所示，第二连接电极52可通过第一导电结构70与第二基底12上的第二电极层14连接，并与第二信号线62连接，如图4所示。 第一信号线61和第二信号线62可以通过焊锡或者FPC(Flexible Printed Circuit)的方式将信号引入。第一导电结构70可以包括银胶或者Au(金)。
类似地，如图5和图6所示，第二液晶盒的第三基底21上可设置有与第三电极层23直接连接的第三连接电极53和通过第二导电结构80与第四电极层24连接的第四连接电极54，第三连接电极53可与第三信号连接线63连接，第四连接电极54可与第四信号连接线64连接，第三信号线63和第四信号线64可以通过焊锡或者FPC(Flexible Printed Circuit)的方式将信号引入，第二导电结构80可以包括银胶或者Au(金)。
应当理解，第一信号线61、第二信号线62、第三信号线63和第四信号线64可以通过相同或不同的方式将信号引入，第一导电结构70和第二导电结构80可以包括相同或不同的材料，可根据需要进行选择，本公开的实施例不对此进行具体限定。
此外，第一液晶盒中还可包括第一封框胶19，用以密封第一液晶盒，第二液晶盒中还可包括第二封框胶29，用以密封第二液晶盒。
本公开的实施例提供的调光玻璃可以实现部分区域亮态、部分区域暗态。例如，第一液晶盒中的第一电极层和第二电极层中的至少一个可包括多个电极块，且每个电极块通过单独的驱动电路进行控制，或者第二液晶盒中的第三电极层和第四电极层中的至少一个可包括多个电极块，且每个电极块通过单独的驱动电路进行控制。具体的，如图7所示，假若第一液晶盒中的第一电极层13包括多个电极块，多个电极块相当于将第一液晶盒划分为多个区域，而每个电极块是通过单独的驱动电路进行控制的，这样一来，可以通过控制不同的电极块上施加不同的电压，以使各个电极块和与之相对设置的第二电极层14之间产生不同的电场，从而使得每个电极块所对应的液晶层中的液晶分子的偏转角度不同，进而使得第一液晶盒的对应每个电极块的区域的透过率不同，即使得调光玻璃的不同区域的透过率是不同的。作为选择，第一液 晶盒中的第二电极层14可包括多个电极块，此时可以通过控制不同的电极块上施加不同的电压，以使各个电极块和与之相对设置的第一电极层13之间产生不同的电场，以实现调光玻璃的不同区域的透过率不同。当然，第一液晶盒中的第一电极层13和第二电极层14均可以包括多个电极块，此时应当注意的是，第一电极层13中的电极块与第二电极层14之间的电极块至少部分重叠，此时按照上述方法，也可以实现调光玻璃的不同区域的透过率不同。
类似地，如图8所示，假若第二液晶盒中的第三电极层23包括多个电极块，多个电极块相当于将第一液晶盒划分为多个区域，而每个电极块是通过单独的驱动电路进行控制的，这样一来，可以通过控制不同的电极块上施加不同的电压，以使各个电极块和与之相对设置的第四电极层24之间产生不同的电场，从而使得每个电极块所对应的液晶层中的液晶分子的偏转角度不同，进而使得第一液晶盒的对应每个电极块的区域的透过率不同，即使得调光玻璃的不同区域的透过率是不同的。作为选择，第二液晶盒中的第四电极层24可包括多个电极块，此时可以通过控制不同的电极块上施加不同的电压，以使各个电极块和与之相对设置的第三电极层23之间产生不同的电场，以实现调光玻璃的不同区域的透过率不同。当然，第二液晶盒中的第三电极层23和第四电极层24均可以包括多个电极块，此时应当注意的是，第三电极层23中的电极块与第四电极层24之间的电极块至少部分重叠，此时按照上述方法，也可以实现调光玻璃的不同区域的透过率不同。
当然，本公开的实施例中，也可以是第一液晶盒中的第一电极层和第二电极层中的至少一者包括多个电极块，且每个电极块通过不同的驱动电路进行控制，且第二液晶盒中的第三电极层和第四电极层中的至少一者包括多个电极块，此时，对于第一液晶盒和第二液晶盒中的每个液晶盒而言，其不同区域的透过率均是不同，通过第一液晶盒和第二液晶盒的配合，可以实现对调光玻璃的不同区域的透过率的更精准的控制。
本公开的实施例中的调光玻璃特别适用于车用玻璃。透明基 板中的第一基板和第二基板可以为钢化玻璃。
当然，本公开的实施例中，第一液晶盒和第二液晶盒中的液晶层还可以采用彩色染料液晶，这样一来，调光玻璃可以呈现彩色。
本公开的实施例还提供了一种调光玻璃，该调光玻璃与上述实施例中的调光玻璃的结构大致相同，区别在于在第一液晶盒中的第一基底与第二液晶盒中的第三基底共用。如图9所示，第一液晶盒中的第二基底12同时用做第二液晶盒中的第三基底21，此时，第二液晶盒中的第三电极层23和第三取向层25设置在第一液晶盒的第二基底12的背离第一液晶盒的液晶层17的一侧。可以看出的是，本实施例中的调光玻璃较上述实施例中的调光玻璃而言，节省了连接第二液晶盒的第三基底21和第一液晶盒的第二基底12的第二粘结层40，因此，可以将调光玻璃的厚度减薄，同时可以降低成本。
对于本实施例中的调光玻璃的其余结构，可以采用上述实施例中相同的结构，因此在本实施例中不再一一赘述。
可以理解的是，以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本公开的原理而采用的示例性实施方式，然而本公开并不局限于此。对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言，在不脱离本公开的精神和实质的情况下，可以做出各种变型和改进，这些变型和改进也视为落入本公开的保护范围。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种调光玻璃，包括透光基板和调光功能层，所述透光基板包括相对设置的第一基板和第二基板，所述调光功能层设置在所述第一基板与所述第二基板之间，所述调光功能层包括至少两个液晶盒；且各液晶盒叠层设置，每个液晶盒中的液晶层包括染料液晶。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的调光玻璃，其中，所述调光功能层包括第一液晶盒和第二液晶盒，第一液晶盒包括相对设置的第一基底和第二基底、设置在第一基底的靠近第二基底的一侧的第一取向层、设置在第二基底的靠近第一基底的一侧的第二取向层、以及夹设在所述第一取向层和所述第二取向层之间的液晶层，第二液晶盒包括相对设置的第三基底和第四基底、设置在第三基底的靠近第四基底的一侧的第三取向层、设置在第四基底的靠近第三基底的一侧的第四取向层、以及夹设在所述第三取向层和所述第四取向层之间的液晶层，
    第一液晶盒的第一取向层和第二取向层的取向平行，第二液晶盒的第三取向层和第四取向层的取向平行，第一液晶盒中的第一取向层的取向与第二液晶盒中第三取向层的取向相互垂直。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的调光玻璃，其中，第一液晶盒的所述第一基底和所述第一取向层之间设置有第一电极层，第一液晶盒的所述第二基底和所述第二取向层之间设置有第二电极层，第二液晶盒的所述第三基底和所述第三取向层之间设置有第三电极层，第二液晶盒的所述第四基底和所述第四取向层之间设置有第四电极层。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的调光玻璃，其中，所述第一基底上还设置有第一连接电极和第二连接电极，所述第一连接电极与所 述第一电极层直接连接，并与第一信号连接线连接，所述第二连接电极通过第一导电结构与所述第二电极层连接，并与第二信号线连接，所述第三基底上还设置有第三连接电极和第四连接电极，所述第三连接电极与所述第三电极层直接连接，并与第三信号连接线连接，所述第四连接电极通过第二导电结构与所述第四电极层连接，并与第四信号线连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的调光玻璃，其中，所述第一导电结构包括银胶或金，所述第二导电结构包括银胶或金。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的调光玻璃，其中，第一液晶盒中的第一电极层和第二电极层中的至少一者包括多个电极块，且每个电极通过单独的驱动电路控制。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的调光玻璃，其中，第二液晶盒中的第三电极层和第四电极层中的至少一者包括多个电极块，且每个电极通过单独的驱动电路控制。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的调光玻璃，其中，第一液晶盒中的第二基底复用为第二液晶盒中的第三基底。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的调光玻璃，其中，在所述第一液晶盒的第一取向层和第二取向层之间还设置有第一隔垫物，在所述第二液晶盒的第三取向层和第四取向层之间还设置有第二隔垫物，第一隔垫物维持所述第一液晶盒的盒厚，第二隔垫物维持所述第二液晶盒的盒厚。
  10. 根据权利要求2所述的调光玻璃，其中，所述第一基板与所述第一液晶盒的第一基底通过第一粘结层连接，所述第一液晶盒的第二基底与所述第二液晶盒的第三基底通过第二粘结层连 接。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的调光玻璃，其中，所述第一粘结层和所述第二粘结层的材料均包括透明光学导电胶或塑性树脂胶。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的调光玻璃，其中，所述第一基板和所述第二基板均采用钢化玻璃。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的调光玻璃，其中，所述调光玻璃用作车窗玻璃。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的调光玻璃，其中，所述染料液晶包括彩色染料液晶。
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