WO2020236015A1 - Procédé et système de traitement de données de machine d'exploration électromagnétique - Google Patents

Procédé et système de traitement de données de machine d'exploration électromagnétique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020236015A1
WO2020236015A1 PCT/NZ2020/050056 NZ2020050056W WO2020236015A1 WO 2020236015 A1 WO2020236015 A1 WO 2020236015A1 NZ 2020050056 W NZ2020050056 W NZ 2020050056W WO 2020236015 A1 WO2020236015 A1 WO 2020236015A1
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Prior art keywords
data
scanning machine
scan
scan data
data set
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PCT/NZ2020/050056
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English (en)
Inventor
Maria Louise KING
Paul Edwards
Philip Edward Petch
Shane Richard Leath
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D-Tx Group Limited Partnership
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Publication of WO2020236015A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020236015A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
    • G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
    • G01N23/083—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the radiation being X-rays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/10—Services
    • G06Q50/26—Government or public services
    • G06Q50/265—Personal security, identity or safety
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
    • G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
    • G06Q10/0635—Risk analysis of enterprise or organisation activities
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/08—Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading or distribution; Inventory or stock management
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/08—Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading or distribution; Inventory or stock management
    • G06Q10/083—Shipping
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/40—Business processes related to the transportation industry

Definitions

  • This invention relates to methods, computer software and apparatus for processing electromagnetic scanning machine data.
  • Electromagnetic based scanning machines are increasingly being used in a wide range of applications. These machines generate large data sets - commonly referred to as scan images - which can be analysed to detect the presence of a material of interest. These same data sets can also be used to detect the presence of objects of interest based on expected shapes and the combinations of components embodied.
  • This data can be provided as an input parameter to a range of different analysis processes, each being executed to focus on the presence of a particular material or object.
  • hyperspectral scanning machines are particularly useful in real time applications such as transportation security and border security. As stand-alone units these machines incorporate data processing capabilities, but are limited in terms of how many discrete analyses may be run on a single scan data set in a real-time setting. With these current forms of scanning machines fixed decisions need to be made as to howthe machine is configured and what materials or objects it targets in real-time.
  • scan data generated by various scanning machines can also be used in computationally intensive analyses which exceed the capabilities of the machine's on-board processing.
  • Current forms of these machines also do not readily facilitate the execution of analysis processes which use two or more different scan data sets as inputs - be they obtained from different scanning machines, or the same scanning machine over a period of time.
  • a system for processing electromagnetic scanning machine data which includes computer storage media storing computer executable instructions configured to implement the method of processing electromagnetic scanning machine data defined by the steps of:
  • the present invention facilitates the processing of electromagnetic scanning machine data.
  • the invention encompasses a method of processing electromagnetic scanning machine data, a system for processing electromagnetic scanning machine data, and stored computer executable instructions used to implement this system and execute this method.
  • Reference predominantly throughout this specification will be made to the invention providing a method of processing, while those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention encompasses additional aspects.
  • Electronic scan data sets can be generated through the operation of electromagnetic scanning machines of various forms, such as - for example - X-ray, visible, NIR, UV, THz, millimetre-wave, microwave or radio-wave based machines. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be used with a range of different types of scanning machine.
  • Electronic scan data sets are generated through the action of an electronic scanning machine scanning an object.
  • an electronic scanning machine scanning an object.
  • a large range of different types of objects may be scanned by such machines and the examples of these objects used in this specification are in no way exhaustive.
  • objects in the form of people seeking to use transport networks may be scanned, as can materials such as posted packages transmitted by postal systems.
  • a scan data set may provide a base spectral data set, may be raw, partially processed or fully processed and may include layers conveying results of the scanning operation.
  • the present invention facilitates the execution of at least one analysis process which has the objective of detecting or identifying the presence of one or more specific materials, or the presence of a particular type of target object. Furthermore the analysis processes and scan data sets utilised by the invention may also be used to measure various characteristics of such materials or target objects.
  • the scan data set may be generated by a hyperspectral electromagnetic scanning machine.
  • scan data set may be generated by a spectral electromagnetic scanning machine with a plurality (>2) of energy bands and/or frequencies and/or wavelengths and/or time steps.
  • Such a scanning machine could be spectral, multi-spectral, multi-energy, multi-frequency, multi-wavelength, or hyperspectral and/or combination of these.
  • the data set generated by such machines could be recorded as any combination of one or more of spectral, multi-spectral, multi-energy, multi-frequency, multi wavelength, or hyperspectral.
  • the scan data set may be generated by a multispectral or hyperspectral x-ray energy scanning machine.
  • a scan data set may be generated by a spectral X- ray energy scanning machine with a plurality (>2) of energy bands.
  • Such a X-ray scanning machine could be spectral, multi-spectral, multi-energy or hyperspectral.
  • the data set generated by such machines could be recorded as any combination of one or more of spectral, multi-spectral, multi-energy, multi-frequency, multi-wavelength, or hyperspectral.
  • an electronic scan data set may be received from an electromagnetic scanning machine. If the processor resources utilised by the invention are located locally to the same scanning machine the invention does not experience significant data propagation delays in the receipt of electronic scan data sets.
  • electronic scan data sets may also be received from a data archive.
  • data archives can be formed by computer implemented systems incorporating appropriate communications interfaces and which are capable of storing and retrieving large amounts of data over extended periods of time.
  • a data archive may be formed by computer systems which can provide a short or medium term buffer storage facility.
  • a data archive may be formed by the receiving components of a communications system which can buffer transmitted scan data sets for periods of time.
  • electronic scan data sets may also be received by way of a manual upload.
  • a manual operator may have identified that a particular scan data set should be processed in accordance with the invention, with this operator uploading or otherwise providing the scan data set.
  • the method of the present invention also incorporates the receipt of either or both of key data and environmental data.
  • This key data relates to information associated with the object used to generate the scan data set while environmental data relates to the location, environment and/or configuration of the scanning machine used to generate the scan data set.
  • key data utilised by the invention will therefore vary based on the type of object which is scanned and the information available in respect of the object which can be supplied as key data.
  • key data related to an object may be derived or obtained through intermediary relationships to other objects.
  • key data may be obtained from the results of a sample being taken from the object and scanned using a further electronic scanning machine.
  • environmental data will vary depending on the application in which a scanning machine is used and the environment in which the scanning machine is used. References made to the environment of a scanning machine should be interpreted to include conditions such as security alert levels or warnings issued in respect of a geographical area in which the scanning machines located, in addition to local variables such as
  • the environment of the scanning machine can be considered to be wide ranging and not necessarily limited to the particular address, building or site at which a scanning machine is physically located.
  • key data may include without limitation any one or more of passport number, flight number, seat number, biometric information, courier tracking number, customs declaration number and/or package identification information.
  • environmental data may include without limitation any one or more of scanning machine ID, date/time of scan, GPS data for scan machine location, machine reference scan data, machine standardisation data, machine encryption codes, or machine data compression codes.
  • results of one or more analysis processes undertaken by the invention may be returned and associated with the input scan data set as key data or environmental data.
  • the scan data set may therefore maintain a record of the results of prior analytical processes undertaking using the data set.
  • key and/or environmental data may be received by the invention through a communications interface which delivers this data separate to a received scanned data set.
  • the invention may receive a reference or address which facilitates the retrieval of key or environmental data, while in other embodiments this data may be transmitted directly to the system of the invention separate from the scan data set.
  • environmental data may have previously been associated with a scan data set. In such embodiments this data may be extracted from the data set itself, and in some instances may also be combined with additional key and/or environmental data received independent from the scan data set
  • key and/or environmental data may be received by way of a manual upload.
  • a manual operator may be aware of specific key or environmental data which should be associated with a particular scan data set, with this operator uploading, inputting or otherwise providing the data involved.
  • the present invention also operates to associate either or both of key data or environmental data with the scan data set.
  • This association operation can be completed with some flexibility at various stages of the methodology implemented by the invention. For example once the processor utilised by the invention has access to this information the key or environmental data may be associated with a scan data set immediately. Alternatively this association operation may be undertaken after the results of one or more analytical processes which use the scan data set have returned their results, thereby allowing these return results to also be associated with the scan data set.
  • key data and/or environmental data may be associated with the scan data by appending and/or prepending the key and/or environmental data to the scan data.
  • key data and/or environmental data may be associated with the scan data by embedding the key and/or environmental data in the scan data.
  • the present invention also operates to use either or both of the key data or environmental data to select at least one analysis process adapted for the detection, identification and/or measurement of the presence at least one target material or target object.
  • the scan data set's key or environmental data can be used to control how the data set is processed and in particular select for the execution of one or more relevant analysis processes considering the application in which the invention is used.
  • An analysis process executed in conjunction with the invention may provide a variety of different forms of information.
  • an analysis process may detect the presence of a target object or material through providing a general indication of an anomalous result being obtained from an assessment of the scan data set. Such detection based returns may highlight that further investigation of an object is warranted.
  • an analysis process may identify the presence of the target object or material, with these processes explicitly confirming that the target object or material is present.
  • analysis process may complete measurements in respect of a target object or material, returning one or more specific values which indicate the magnitude of particular characteristic of the target material or object.
  • an analysis process executed in conjunction with the invention may include any one or more of target object pattern recognition, target material multivariate analysis, target object image processing, target material statistical analysis, or target material relational analysis.
  • an analysis process executed in conjunction with the invention may receive a plurality of scan data sets as inputs.
  • the processing resources used may receive input scan data sets from multiple different sources, be they a plurality of separate
  • the identity of a selected analysis process determines the location where the process will be executed.
  • different analytical processes require different computational resources and may require that the results of the process under executed are returned in real time. The invention therefore allows for the selection of a variety of processing resources for the execution of analytical processes, these resources potentially being located remotely from one another.
  • At least one analysis process may be executed in real time by an electromagnetic scanning machine. These analyses may return results which are time critical, such as those desired in security or border control applications.
  • At least one analysis process may be executed as a low priority batch process by an electromagnetic scanning machine.
  • the results of these forms of processes may not necessarily be time critical, but may produce useful information via more computationally intensive
  • At least one analysis process may be executed by the scan data set being transmitted to a local processor.
  • this local processor may not be integrated into an
  • electromagnetic scanning machine but may be physically connected to one or more such machines in a particular location or site.
  • This separate local processor may provide increased processing capacity to that provided by an electromagnetic scanning machine if required in various embodiments.
  • At least one analysis process may be executed by the scan data set being transmitted to a remote processor.
  • a remote processor may be used to provide this approach.
  • a remote processor may also be configured to receive multiple scan data sets from a variety of sources and use these multiple data sets as inputs to an analysis process.
  • the invention may be configured to receive the returned results of one more analysis processes. As indicated above these returned results may also optionally be associated with the scan data set as key or environmental data. Returned analysis process results may also be communicated to additional locations or entities using the present invention. In such embodiments at least one of the key or and/or environmental data associated with the scan data set may be employed to select at least one recipient to which these results are communicated. These recipients may be computer systems or personnel which may be located local to or remote from the processing resources used to execute the invention. In such embodiments the actual return results themselves may also be used as a factor in the selection of recipients for such communications. In a variety of embodiments the invention may also be used to control if or how a scan data set is stored after the execution of any selected analysis process.
  • At least one parameter from the key data and/or environmental data may be used to select one or more storage criteria.
  • a storage criteria may identify a recipient or location to which the scan data set is to be transmitted, and scan data sets may be stored by transmission to said recipients or locations. These recipients may be computer systems or personnel which may be located local to or remote from the processing resources used to execute the invention.
  • the present invention may provide a number of advantages over the prior art.
  • the invention may provide for flexibility in how scan data is processed, and preferably in real time.
  • the invention may allow for the dynamic adjustment of target identification thresholds based on the key or environmental data provided.
  • the invention can be used to deploy new analysis processes for novel materials and/or objects of interest as they are identified.
  • the invention may also facilitate multiple different types of analysis processes being run simultaneously or sequentially on one scan data set.
  • the scan data may be analysed multiple times for different target objects or materials depending on the key or environmental data received in
  • the invention may provide for flexibility in how scan data is stored, and may provide different storage options based on variable characteristics of the article or object used to generate the scan data, or the environment or characteristics of the scanning machine when scan data was generated.
  • the storage options can also facilitate the retrieval of stored historic data sets for subsequent forensic examination, and allowing for the application of new analysis processes to this historic data.
  • the invention may also facilitate the execution of analysis processes which collate together and use a large number of scan data sets as inputs.
  • the invention may facilitate the provision of information inferred or drawn from the results obtained from multiple scanning machines, and/or results from scanning machines over a selected period of time.
  • the key and/or environmental data provide in accordance with the invention can be used to select and also index these data set for this type of analysis.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates data flows and communications undertaken in the
  • Figure 2 provides a visual representation the execution of an analysis
  • Figure 3 provides a component diagram illustrating the configuration of
  • Figure 1 illustrates data flows and communications undertaken in the processing of a scan data set in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
  • This process starts with the receipt of a scan data set 1.
  • Key data and environmental data 2 pertinent to the object being scanned is also received.
  • the scan data set and key and environmental data are next associated together, where in the embodiment shown the key and environmental data is appended to the scan data set in a common data structure 3.
  • the data structure is formatted so selected bytes are reserved for key data and environmental data and other bytes are used for scan data.
  • a process selection operation 4 occurs. Key and environmental data is retrieved from the common data structure 3 and used to determine which of one or more subsequent analysis processes 5 are run using the scan data set 1 as an input. These analysis processes are adapted to detect, identify or measure the presence of at least one target material or target object of interest.
  • the process selection operation determines which of these analysis
  • the key and environmental data is used to indicate an increased likelihood of particular target materials and/or particular target objects being present in an object which was scanned, and to trigger processing of the scan data set to detect, identify or measure such particular materials and/or objects.
  • the outcomes or returned results of the selected analysis processes are communicated locally and remotely 6.
  • the recipients of this communication are selected based on the key and
  • the returned results of the selected analysis processes are appended to the scan data as additional key and environmental data 7.
  • the total appended key data and environmental data is used to select one or more storage criteria, and the scan data set is stored at local and remote locations based on the selected storage criterion or criteria 8.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the analysis processing of a scan data set in accordance with a further embodiment where the analysis process receives a plurality of scan data sets as inputs.
  • the data sets are merged into a data matrix where each column holds the sequential data of a specific machine and each row is a time period.
  • different parameters drawn from key or environmental data associated with the data set may alternatively be used to index this matrix.
  • An analysis process is then applied to the data matrix to automatically look for relationships. For example, we observe in figure 2 two cells that are highlighted in closely related time periods. This is identified as a potential link and calibrations are used to assess the likelihood of the events being related (e.g. persons travelling together, or sub-components of banned substances, or envelopes with drug pre-cursers).
  • the analysis applied could be pattern recognition, multivariate, image processing, statistical analysis, relational analysis and so forth. If the returned results of this analysis indicates a possible or probable relationship between the events these results can be communicated to interested parties or can trigger a further analysis process.
  • Figure 3 provides a component diagram illustrating the configuration of computer executable instructions provided in a further embodiment to process scan data.
  • the diagram defines the functions and communications links of various components of the system implemented by these
  • a communications interface A is provided to receive both key and
  • communications interface B receives a scan data set related to this key and environmental data.
  • Decision and control logic module C receives this information and undertakes a variety of procedures in accordance with the invention.
  • Logic module C assesses the received key and environmental data and selects one or more analysis processes which are to be executed using the scan data set as an input.
  • the logic module can transmit the scan data to one or more of a variety of communication interfaces D1-D4 which provide links to processing resources tasked with executing such analysis processes.
  • these communications interfaces include:
  • scanning machine configured to complete low priority batch processing of scan data sets outside of real-time applications.
  • Logic module C also receives the returned results of the analysis processes undertaken through these communications interfaces D. Logic module C transmits the returned results of the analysis process or processes
  • the recipients for these communications are selected by logic module C using the key and environmental data provide in association with the scan data set.
  • a scan data set formatting module F receives the scan data set, key and environmental data, and the returned results of any analysis processes. This module integrates the returned results into the key and environmental data and associates the updated key and environmental data with the scan data set by appending it to the scan data set.
  • a storage communications interface G is also linked to the scan data set formatting module F. This communications interface assesses the appended key and environmental data of a scan data set that it receives from the formatting module F to select one or more storage criteria for the scan data set. The selected storage criteria(s) identifies a recipient or location to which the storage communication interface transmits the scan data set.

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Abstract

Selon un aspect, l'invention concerne un procédé de traitement de données de machine d'exploration électromagnétique. Ce procédé commence par la réception d'un ensemble de données de balayage généré par une machine d'exploration électromagnétique balayant un objet. Des données clés et/ou des données environnementales sont également reçues. À n'importe quelle étape suivante de ce procédé, les données clés et/ou les données environnementales sont associées à l'ensemble de données de balayage. Les données clés et/ou les données environnementales sont utilisées pour sélectionner au moins un processus d'analyse adapté à la détection, à l'identification et/ou à la mesure de la présence d'au moins un matériau ou objet cible. Ensuite, le ou les processus d'analyse sélectionnés sont exécutés avec l'ensemble de données de balayage comme entrée pour détecter, identifier et/ou mesurer la présence dudit au moins un matériau cible ou la présence d'au moins un objet cible.
PCT/NZ2020/050056 2019-05-22 2020-05-22 Procédé et système de traitement de données de machine d'exploration électromagnétique WO2020236015A1 (fr)

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