WO2020233518A1 - 天线单元和电子设备 - Google Patents

天线单元和电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020233518A1
WO2020233518A1 PCT/CN2020/090507 CN2020090507W WO2020233518A1 WO 2020233518 A1 WO2020233518 A1 WO 2020233518A1 CN 2020090507 W CN2020090507 W CN 2020090507W WO 2020233518 A1 WO2020233518 A1 WO 2020233518A1
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Prior art keywords
antenna
antenna branch
branch
feeder
feeder line
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/090507
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄奂衢
马荣杰
简宪静
Original Assignee
维沃移动通信有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 维沃移动通信有限公司 filed Critical 维沃移动通信有限公司
Priority to EP20809305.4A priority Critical patent/EP3975336A4/en
Publication of WO2020233518A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020233518A1/zh
Priority to US17/531,627 priority patent/US11769952B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/06—Details
    • H01Q9/065—Microstrip dipole antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/28—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements
    • H01Q19/30—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements the primary active element being centre-fed and substantially straight, e.g. Yagi antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/13—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source being a single radiating element, e.g. a dipole, a slot, a waveguide termination
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/45—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more feeds in association with a common reflecting, diffracting or refracting device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/48—Combinations of two or more dipole type antennas

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of antenna technology, and more particularly to an antenna unit and electronic equipment.
  • Antennas mainly include patch antennas, Yagi-Uda antennas, and dipole antennas.
  • the beam transmission performance of the antenna has different requirements in different scenarios. For example, in some scenarios, the antenna is required to have a wide radiation performance; in some scenarios, the antenna is required to have a high directivity radiation performance, or in other words, the antenna is required to have a strong end-fire performance.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure provide an antenna unit with strong endfire performance and an electronic device using the antenna unit.
  • an antenna unit including:
  • a substrate the substrate having a floor
  • a first vertically polarized dipole antenna includes a first antenna branch and a second antenna branch.
  • the first antenna branch and the second antenna branch are spaced apart from each other.
  • a second vertically polarized dipole antenna includes a third antenna branch and a fourth antenna branch, the third antenna branch and the fourth antenna branch are arranged at intervals in the In the substrate
  • a reflector the reflector includes a plurality of reflection columns, the plurality of reflection columns are arranged in the substrate at intervals along a parabola;
  • a first feeding structure which electrically connects the first antenna branch, the second antenna branch, the third antenna branch, and the fourth antenna branch to the floor respectively;
  • the first antenna branch, the second antenna branch, the third antenna branch, and the fourth antenna branch are all located on the side where the focal point of the parabola is located;
  • the lengths of the first antenna branch and the second antenna branch are both smaller than the lengths of the third antenna branch and the fourth antenna branch.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device including the antenna unit described in the first aspect of the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the first vertically polarized dipole antenna, the second vertically polarized dipole antenna, and the reflector arranged along the parabola are arranged in the substrate, and the first vertically polarized dipole antenna
  • the second vertical polarization dipole antenna and the second vertical polarization dipole antenna are arranged on the side where the focal point of the parabola is, so that most of the beams of the first vertical polarization dipole antenna and the second vertical polarization dipole antenna radiate toward the front end, thereby It can enhance the endfire performance of the dipole antenna.
  • the antenna unit can also have dual-frequency performance, which can cover a wider bandwidth and improve communication performance.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the external structure of an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 3 to 9 are schematic diagrams of an exploded structure of an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic top view of the internal structure of an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic side view of the internal structure of an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 is a partial schematic diagram corresponding to FIG. 10;
  • FIG. 13 is a simulation diagram of the reflection coefficient of an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • 15 is a 28GHz horizontally polarized dipole pattern of an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 16 is a 39GHz vertical polarization dipole pattern of an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 17 is a 39 GHz horizontally polarized dipole pattern of an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • 18 to 20 are exploded schematic diagrams of a partial structure of another antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 21 is one of the schematic structural diagrams of an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 22 is a second structural diagram of an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • an antenna unit including:
  • the substrate 1, the substrate 1 has a floor 11;
  • the first vertically polarized dipole antenna 2 includes a first antenna branch 21 and a second antenna branch 22, the first antenna branch 21 and the second antenna branch 22 are arranged on the substrate 1 at intervals in;
  • the second vertical polarization dipole antenna 5 includes a third antenna branch 51 and a fourth antenna branch 52, the third antenna branch 51 and the fourth antenna branch 52 are spaced apart on the substrate 1 in;
  • the reflector 3, the reflector 3 includes a plurality of reflection columns 31, and the plurality of reflection columns 31 are arranged in the substrate 1 at intervals along a parabola;
  • the first feeding structure 4 electrically connects the first antenna branch 21, the second antenna branch 22, the third antenna branch 51, and the fourth antenna branch 52 to the floor 11, respectively;
  • the first antenna branch 21, the second antenna branch 22, the third antenna branch 51, and the fourth antenna branch 52 are all located on the side where the focal point of the parabola is located;
  • the lengths of the first antenna branch 21 and the second antenna branch 22 are both smaller than the lengths of the third antenna branch 51 and the fourth antenna branch 52.
  • Both the first antenna branch 21 and the second antenna branch 22 of the first vertically polarized dipole antenna 2 are vertically in the substrate 1.
  • the first antenna branch 21 and the second antenna branch 22 may be arranged in the substrate 1 perpendicular to the substrate 1, or may be arranged in the substrate 1 slightly deviated from the vertical direction.
  • the central axis of the first antenna branch 21 and the central axis of the second antenna 22 may be completely coincident, or may be slightly offset from each other by a certain angle, or slightly offset by a certain distance.
  • the length of the first antenna branch 21 and the length of the second antenna branch 22 may be equal to or approximately the same.
  • the length of the first antenna branch 21 and the second antenna branch 22 is approximately one-quarter of the medium wavelength.
  • the third antenna branch 51 and the fourth antenna branch 52 of the second vertically polarized dipole antenna 5 are both vertically in the substrate 1.
  • the third antenna branch 51 and the fourth antenna branch 52 may be arranged in the substrate 1 perpendicular to the substrate 1, or may be arranged in the substrate 1 slightly deviated from the vertical direction.
  • the central axis of the third antenna branch 51 and the central axis of the fourth antenna branch 52 may be completely coincident, or may be slightly offset from each other by a certain angle, or slightly offset by a certain distance.
  • the length of the third antenna branch 51 and the length of the fourth antenna branch 52 may be equal to or approximately the same.
  • the length of the third antenna branch 51 and the fourth antenna branch 52 is about one-quarter of the medium wavelength.
  • the line between the end of the first antenna branch 21 adjacent to the second antenna branch 22 and the end of the third antenna branch 51 adjacent to the fourth antenna branch 52 may be parallel to the substrate 1;
  • the line between one end of the antenna branch 21 and the end of the fourth antenna branch 52 adjacent to the third antenna branch 51 may also be parallel to the substrate 1.
  • each reflecting column 31 in the substrate 1 should be matched with each antenna branch, In this way, each reflection column 31 also needs to be vertically arranged in the substrate 1.
  • each reflective column 31 may be arranged in the substrate 1 perpendicular to the substrate 1, or may be arranged in the substrate 1 slightly offset from the vertical direction.
  • the first vertically polarized dipole antenna 2, the second vertically polarized dipole antenna 5, and the reflectors 3 arranged along a parabola are arranged in the substrate 1, and the first vertically polarized The dipole antenna 2 and the second vertical polarization dipole antenna 5 are arranged on the side where the focal point of the parabola is located, so that the first vertical polarization dipole antenna 2 and the second vertical polarization dipole antenna 5 are insulated Most of the beams radiate toward the front, reducing the backward radiation, which can enhance the endfire performance of the dipole antenna. Moreover, by arranging the first vertically polarized dipole antenna 2 and the second vertically polarized dipole antenna 5, the antenna unit can also be provided with dual-frequency performance, which can cover a wider bandwidth and improve communication performance.
  • the first vertically polarized dipole antenna 2 corresponds to the high frequency point.
  • Two vertically polarized dipole antennas 5 correspond to low frequency points.
  • the antenna unit of the embodiment of the present disclosure can be set as a millimeter wave antenna unit, which is suitable for signal transmission in the 5G millimeter wave band. That is, both the first vertical polarization dipole antenna 2 and the second vertical polarization dipole antenna 5 may be millimeter wave antennas, and the first antenna branch 21, the second antenna branch 22, the third antenna branch 51, and the fourth antenna branch may be millimeter wave antennas.
  • the length of the antenna branch 52 can be set according to the millimeter wave wavelength.
  • the global mainstream 5G millimeter wave bands defined by 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) include n258 (24.25-27.5GHz) based on 26GHz, n257 (26.5-29.5GHz) and n261 (27.5) based on 28GHz. -28.35GHz), n260 (37.0-40.0GHz) based on 39GHz.
  • the first vertically polarized dipole antenna 2 corresponds to the frequency point of 39 GHz
  • the second vertically polarized dipole antenna 5 corresponds to the frequency point of 28 GHz.
  • the cross-sectional dimensions of the antenna branches of the first vertically polarized dipole antenna 2 are all smaller than the cross-sectional dimensions of the antenna branches of the second vertically polarized dipole antenna 5.
  • the first vertical polarization dipole antenna 2 and the second vertical polarization dipole antenna 5 can better generate resonance, reduce energy reflection, and improve the communication performance of the antenna.
  • the plane on which the first antenna branch 21, the second antenna branch 22, the third antenna branch 51 and the fourth antenna branch 52 are located passes through the focal point and the vertex of the parabola.
  • the first vertically polarized dipole antenna 2 and the second vertically polarized dipole antenna 5 are located on the symmetry line of the parabola, which can improve the reflector 3 to the first vertically polarized dipole antenna 2 and the second vertical
  • the reflection effect of the polarized dipole antenna 5 increases the gain of the vertical dipole antenna and improves the front-to-rear ratio of its pattern.
  • the second vertically polarized dipole antenna 5 is located in the area between the first vertically polarized dipole antenna 2 and the reflector 3.
  • the second vertically polarized dipole antenna 5 Since the length of the antenna branches of the first vertically polarized dipole antenna 2 is less than the length of the antenna branches of the second vertically polarized dipole antenna 5, the second vertically polarized dipole antenna 5 is set at the first vertical The area between the polarized dipole antenna 2 and the reflector 3 enables the antenna branch of the second vertically polarized dipole antenna 5 to act as the reflector of the first vertically polarized dipole antenna 2, thereby further improving the antenna The overall endfire performance of the unit.
  • the central axis of the third antenna branch 51 and the central axis of the fourth antenna branch 52 pass through the focus of the parabola. In this way, the gain of the second vertically polarized dipole antenna 5 can be increased.
  • the left area of the substrate 1 is provided with a floor 11
  • the right area of the substrate 1 is the clearance area 12
  • the reflector 3 as a whole can be installed in the area where the floor 11 is located.
  • the entire polarization dipole antenna 2 and the second vertical polarization dipole antenna 5 as a whole can be arranged in the clearance area 12, and the first feeding structure 4 extends from the clearance area 12 to the area where the floor 11 is located.
  • the reflector 3 as a whole is located in the edge area of the floor 11 close to the clearance area 12.
  • the distance between the reflector 3 and the first vertical polarization dipole antenna 2 can be shortened, the reflection effect of the reflector 3 on the first vertical polarization dipole antenna 2 can be improved, and the first vertical polarization dipole antenna 2 can be improved.
  • the front-to-back ratio of the polarized dipole antenna 2 pattern On the other hand, the horizontal space of the floor 11 area occupied by the reflector 3 as a whole can be reduced, and more floor 11 areas can be reserved for other components.
  • the reflecting columns 31 on both sides of the reflector 3 are located at the junction of the floor 11 and the clearance area 12, or in other words, the reflecting columns 31 on both sides of the reflector 3 are partially located in the area where the floor 11 is located, and partially located Clearance area 12.
  • the spacing between the adjacent reflecting columns 31 of the reflector 3 may be all equal, or partly equal. In order to improve the reflection effect of the reflector 3, the spacing between the adjacent reflecting columns 31 should not be too large. If a certain adjacent reflecting column 31 of the reflector 3 needs to pass through related components, the adjacent reflecting column 31 The spacing between the two can be appropriately increased, and the spacing between other adjacent reflective columns 31 can be relatively reduced. 1, 3, etc. show an embodiment in which the distance between the middle two reflective columns 31 of the reflector 3 is relatively large, and the distances between other adjacent reflective columns 31 are all equal.
  • the substrate 1 includes N layers of dielectric plates 13, and N is greater than or equal to 5;
  • the first antenna branch 21 and the second antenna branch 22 are respectively arranged in two non-adjacent dielectric plates 13, and the first antenna branch 21 and the second antenna branch 22 respectively penetrate the corresponding dielectric plate 13;
  • the third antenna branch 51 and the fourth antenna branch 52 are respectively arranged in two groups of non-adjacent dielectric plates 13.
  • the third antenna branch 51 and the fourth antenna branch 52 respectively penetrate the corresponding dielectric plate 13, and each group of dielectric plates 13 includes At least two adjacent dielectric boards 13;
  • the reflector 3 penetrates the N-layer dielectric plate 13 as a whole.
  • each reflection column 31 of the reflector 3 penetrates the N-layer dielectric plate 13.
  • the substrate 1 is configured as a multilayer dielectric board 13, so that the corresponding dielectric board 13 can be processed separately to form the first antenna branch 21, the second antenna branch 22, the third antenna branch 51, and the fourth antenna branch 52 And the reflector 3, in this way, can simplify the manufacturing process of the antenna unit. Moreover, by setting the substrate 1 as a multilayer dielectric plate 13, the lengths of the first antenna branch 21, the second antenna branch 22, the third antenna branch 51, the fourth antenna branch 52 and the reflection column 31 can be easily controlled. The distance between one antenna branch 21 and the second antenna branch 22, and the distance between the third antenna branch 51 and the fourth antenna branch 52.
  • the lengths of the first antenna branch 21, the second antenna branch 22, the third antenna branch 51, and the fourth antenna branch 52 can be controlled more accurately, so that the first antenna branch 21, the second antenna branch 22, and the third antenna branch
  • the length of the antenna branch 51 and the fourth antenna branch 52 can respectively be as close as possible to a quarter of the wavelength of the medium, thereby improving the performance of the antenna unit.
  • each reflection post 31 of the reflector 3 penetrates the N-layer dielectric plate 13, so that the first vertical polarization dipole antenna 2 and the second vertical polarization dipole antenna 5 are both located in the reflection area of the reflector 3. The reflection effect can be further improved.
  • the substrate 1 includes six layers of dielectric plates 13, and the first antenna branch 21 is arranged on the second layer of dielectric plate 13b, the second antenna branch 22 is arranged on the fifth layer of dielectric plate 13e, and the third antenna branch 51
  • the fourth antenna branch 52 is provided on the first layer of dielectric plate 13a and the second layer of dielectric plate 13b, and the fourth antenna branch 52 is provided on the fifth layer of dielectric plate 13e and the sixth layer of dielectric plate 13f.
  • the substrate 1 may also include five layers of dielectric plates 13, the first antenna branch 21 is provided on the second layer of dielectric plate 13b, the second antenna branch 22 is provided on the fourth layer of dielectric plate 13d, and the third antenna branch 51 is provided on the first layer.
  • the fourth layer of dielectric plate 13a and the second layer of dielectric plate 13b, and the fourth antenna branch 52 are arranged on the fourth layer of dielectric plate 13d and the fifth layer of dielectric plate 13e.
  • the first antenna branch 21, the second antenna branch 22, the third antenna branch 51, and the fourth antenna branch 52 are respectively formed by metal pillars penetrating the corresponding dielectric plate 13;
  • Each reflection column 31 of the reflector 3 is formed by a number of metal columns penetrating through the N-layer dielectric plate 13.
  • the dielectric plate 13 corresponding to the first antenna branch 21, the second antenna branch 22, the third antenna branch 51, and the fourth antenna branch 52 are all provided with through holes (not shown in the figure) that vertically penetrate the dielectric plate 13 .
  • the first antenna branch 21, the second antenna branch 22, the third antenna branch 51 and the fourth antenna branch 52 are formed by metal pillars filled in the through holes.
  • the N-layer dielectric plate 13 is spaced along a parabola with a plurality of through holes vertically penetrating the N-layer dielectric plate 13, and each reflection column 31 of the reflector 3 is formed by metal columns filled in the plurality of through holes.
  • the first antenna branch 21, the second antenna branch 22, the third antenna branch 51, the fourth antenna branch 52, and the reflection column 31 are respectively formed by punching holes in the dielectric plate 13 and inserting metal pillars into the holes. It is simple and mature, easy to implement, and basically does not increase additional production costs.
  • the antenna unit of the embodiment of the present disclosure may only be provided with the first vertically polarized dipole antenna 2 and the second vertically polarized dipole antenna 5 as a dual-frequency single-polarized dipole antenna.
  • the antenna unit of the embodiment of the present disclosure may also be configured as a dual-frequency dual-polarized dipole antenna. The specific implementation of the dual-frequency dual-polarized dipole antenna will be described below.
  • the antenna unit includes:
  • the substrate 1, the substrate 1 has a floor 11;
  • the first vertically polarized dipole antenna 2 includes a first antenna branch 21 and a second antenna branch 22, the first antenna branch 21 and the second antenna branch 22 are arranged on the substrate 1 at intervals in;
  • the second vertical polarization dipole antenna 5 includes a third antenna branch 51 and a fourth antenna branch 52, the third antenna branch 51 and the fourth antenna branch 52 are spaced apart on the substrate 1 in;
  • the first horizontally polarized dipole antenna 7 includes a fifth antenna branch 71 and a sixth antenna branch 72, and the fifth antenna branch 71 and the sixth antenna branch 72 are spaced apart on the substrate 1 in;
  • the second horizontally polarized dipole antenna 8 includes a seventh antenna branch 81 and an eighth antenna branch 82, the seventh antenna branch 81 and the eighth antenna branch 82 are arranged at intervals In the substrate
  • the reflector 3, the reflector 3 includes a plurality of reflection columns 31, and the plurality of reflection columns 31 are arranged in the substrate 1 at intervals along a parabola;
  • the first feeding structure 4 electrically connects the first antenna branch 21, the second antenna branch 22, the third antenna branch 51, and the fourth antenna branch 52 to the floor 11, respectively;
  • the second feed structure 6 electrically connects the fifth antenna branch 71, the sixth antenna branch 72, the seventh antenna branch 81 and the eighth antenna branch 82 to the floor 11 respectively;
  • the first antenna branch 21, the second antenna branch 22, the third antenna branch 51, the fourth antenna branch 52, the fifth antenna branch 71, the sixth antenna branch 72, the seventh antenna branch 81 and the eighth antenna branch 82 All are located on the side of the parabola's focal point;
  • the lengths of the first antenna branch 21 and the second antenna branch 22 are both smaller than the lengths of the third antenna branch 51 and the fourth antenna branch 52;
  • the lengths of the fifth antenna branch 71 and the sixth antenna branch 72 are both smaller than the lengths of the seventh antenna branch 81 and the eighth antenna branch 82;
  • the first antenna branch 21 and the second antenna branch 22 are respectively located on both sides of the first plane where the fifth antenna branch 71, the sixth antenna branch 72, the seventh antenna branch 81 and the eighth antenna branch 82 are located;
  • the third antenna branch 51 and the fourth antenna branch 52 are respectively located on both sides of the first plane where the fifth antenna branch 71, the sixth antenna branch 72, the seventh antenna branch 81 and the eighth antenna branch 82 are located;
  • the fifth antenna branch 71 and the sixth antenna branch 72 are respectively located on both sides of the second plane where the first antenna branch 21, the second antenna branch 22, the third antenna branch 51 and the fourth antenna branch 52 are located;
  • the seventh antenna branch 81 and the eighth antenna branch 82 are respectively located on both sides of the second plane where the first antenna branch 21, the second antenna branch 22, the third antenna branch 51 and the fourth antenna branch 52 are located.
  • the first plane where the fifth antenna branch 71, the sixth antenna branch 72, the seventh antenna branch 81, and the eighth antenna branch 82 are located is parallel to the substrate 1; the first antenna branch 21, the second antenna branch 22, The second plane where the third antenna branch 51 and the fourth antenna branch 52 are located is perpendicular to the substrate 1.
  • the shapes of the fifth antenna branch 71, the sixth antenna branch 72, the seventh antenna branch 81, and the eighth antenna branch 82 can be rectangular, triangular, or elliptical. When an elliptical shape is adopted, the shape changes smoothly, so that the antenna The impedance change of is more gentle, which is beneficial to expand the bandwidth of the first horizontally polarized dipole antenna 7 and the second horizontally polarized dipole antenna 8.
  • the lengths of the fifth antenna branch 71, the sixth antenna branch 72, the seventh antenna branch 81 and the eighth antenna branch 82 are all about a quarter of the medium wavelength.
  • the lengths of the fifth antenna branch 71, the sixth antenna branch 72, the seventh antenna branch 81 and the eighth antenna branch 82 can be set according to the millimeter wave wavelength.
  • the first horizontally polarized dipole antenna 7 corresponds to the high frequency point.
  • the two horizontally polarized dipole antenna 8 corresponds to the low frequency point.
  • the first horizontally polarized dipole antenna 7 corresponds to the frequency point of 39 GHz
  • the second horizontally polarized dipole antenna 8 corresponds to the frequency point of 28 GHz.
  • Figure 13 is the reflection coefficient diagram of the antenna unit.
  • the -6dB S-parameter common bandwidth of the horizontally polarized dipole antenna and the vertically polarized dipole is 25.22GHz-29.81GHz and 35.85-41.35GHz, which basically covers the 3GPP definition
  • the world’s mainstream 5G millimeter wave bands are n257, n261 and n260.
  • the left area of the substrate 1 is provided with a floor 11, then the right area of the substrate 1 is the clearance area 12, and the reflector 3 as a whole can be installed in the area where the floor 11 is located.
  • the polarized dipole antenna 2, the second vertically polarized dipole antenna 5, the first horizontally polarized dipole antenna 7 and the second horizontally polarized dipole antenna 8 can be arranged in the clearance area 12, and the first feeder
  • the electrical structure 4 and the second feed structure 6 extend from the clearance area 12 to the area where the floor 11 is located.
  • the reflector 3 can be used as the reflector of the first vertically polarized dipole antenna 2 and the second vertically polarized dipole antenna 5, the first horizontally polarized dipole antenna 7 and the second horizontally polarized dipole antenna
  • the reflector of the sub-antenna 8 can be used as the floor 11 of the substrate 1, that is, the floor 11 of the substrate 1 can serve as the reflector of the first horizontally polarized dipole antenna 7 and the second horizontally polarized dipole antenna 8.
  • the fifth antenna branch 71, the sixth antenna branch 72, the seventh antenna branch 81, and the eighth antenna branch 82 may be located on the plane where the floor 11 of the substrate 1 is located.
  • the dual-frequency vertical dipole antenna is combined with the dual-frequency horizontal dipole antenna to realize the design of the dual-frequency dual-polarized dipole antenna.
  • MIMO Multiple Input and Multiple Output
  • both the first horizontally polarized dipole antenna 7 and the second horizontally polarized dipole antenna 8 are located in the area between the first vertically polarized dipole antenna 2 and the reflector 3.
  • the vertical dipole antenna and the horizontal dipole antenna are staggered in the vertical direction (that is, the direction perpendicular to the substrate 1), in the horizontal direction (that is, the direction parallel to the substrate 1)
  • the positional relationship between the horizontal dipole antenna and the vertical dipole antenna may not be limited.
  • the entire horizontal dipole antenna may be located in the area between the vertical dipole antenna and the reflector 3, or the entire horizontal dipole antenna may be located in the area between the vertical dipole antenna and the reflector 3. It may be that the entire horizontal dipole antenna and the entire vertical dipole antenna are respectively located on the same two vertical planes.
  • the second horizontally polarized dipole antenna 8 is located in the area between the first horizontally polarized dipole antenna 7 and the reflector 3.
  • the second horizontally polarized dipole antenna 8 Since the antenna branch lengths of the first horizontally polarized dipole antenna 7 are all smaller than the antenna branch lengths of the second horizontally polarized dipole antenna 8, the second horizontally polarized dipole antenna 8 is set at the first level.
  • the area between the polarized dipole antenna 7 and the reflector 3 enables the antenna branch of the second horizontally polarized dipole antenna 8 to act as the reflector of the first horizontally polarized dipole antenna 7, thereby further improving the antenna The overall endfire performance of the unit.
  • the first antenna branch 21 and the second antenna branch 22 are symmetric with respect to the first plane, and the third antenna branch 51 and the fourth antenna branch 52 are symmetric with respect to the first plane;
  • the fifth antenna branch 71 and the sixth antenna branch 72 are symmetric with respect to the second plane, and the seventh antenna branch 81 and the eighth antenna branch 82 are symmetric with respect to the second plane.
  • the first plane is the plane where the fifth antenna branch 71, the sixth antenna branch 72, the seventh antenna branch 81 and the eighth antenna branch 82 are located;
  • the second plane is the first antenna branch 21, the second antenna branch 22, The plane where the third antenna branch 51 and the fourth antenna branch 52 are located.
  • the first plane where the fifth antenna branch 71, the sixth antenna branch 72, the seventh antenna branch 81, and the eighth antenna branch 82 are located is parallel to the substrate 1;
  • the vertical distance between the first antenna branch 21 and the first plane is equal to the vertical distance between the third antenna branch 51 and the first plane.
  • the vertical distance between the second antenna branch 22 and the first plane is equal to the vertical distance between the fourth antenna branch 52 and the first plane.
  • each antenna branch of the dual-frequency horizontally polarized dipole antenna is located in the middle of the dual-frequency vertical polarization dipole antenna, and each antenna branch of the dual-frequency vertical polarization dipole antenna is located
  • the central position of the horizontally polarized dipole antenna maintains strict symmetry between the horizontal and vertical directions in the overall structure, thereby preventing the angular deviation of the main radiation direction of the pattern.
  • Figure 14 Figure 15, Figure 16, and Figure 17 respectively show the pattern of dual-frequency dual-polarized dipole antennas at 28GHz and 39GHz, all of which are end-fired radiation patterns, with less backward radiation.
  • the first power feeding structure 4 includes:
  • the first feeding point 41 is electrically connected to the floor 11;
  • the first feeder 42, the first antenna branch 21 and the third antenna branch 51 are electrically connected to the first feed point 41 through the first feeder 42;
  • the second feeding point 43 is electrically connected to the floor 11;
  • the second feeder 44, the second antenna branch 22 and the fourth antenna branch 52 are electrically connected to the second feed point 43 through the second feeder 44;
  • the second feeding structure 6 includes:
  • the third feeding point 61 is electrically connected to the floor 11;
  • the third feeder 62, the fifth antenna branch 71 and the seventh antenna branch 81 are electrically connected to the third feed point 61 through the third feeder 62;
  • the fourth feeding point 63 is electrically connected to the floor 11;
  • the fourth feeder 64, the sixth antenna branch 72 and the eighth antenna branch 82 are electrically connected to the fourth feeder 64 through the fourth feeder 64.
  • each dipole antenna that is, the first feeding structure 4 and the second feeding structure 6 adopt double-end feeding, and the amplitudes of the signal sources connected to the two feeders of each group of feeding structures are equal,
  • the phase difference is 180°, that is to say, each dipole antenna adopts a differential feed mode.
  • the use of differential feed can improve the common mode rejection and anti-interference ability of the antenna, and can improve the differential end-to-end isolation (isolation) and the purity of polarization.
  • the radiation power of the antenna can be improved.
  • the first feed structure 4 also The above-mentioned double-ended power feeding structure can be adopted, and since it is easy to understand, in order to avoid repetition, this will not be repeated.
  • each of the first vertically polarized dipole antenna 2, the second vertically polarized dipole antenna 5, the first horizontally polarized dipole antenna 7 and the second horizontally polarized dipole antenna 8 The branches all adopt coaxial line differential feed.
  • the third feeder 62 and the fourth feeder 64 are mainly composed of: a coaxial line connected to a coplanar wave guide (CPW) and then connected to the fifth antenna branch 71, the seventh antenna branch 81, and the sixth antenna branch 72 respectively. And the eighth antenna branch 82.
  • CPW coplanar wave guide
  • the multi-layer circuit substrate (LTCC) process is used for processing, in other words, when the substrate 1 includes a multi-layer dielectric board 13, a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) chip can be buried in the dielectric board 13, directly The first vertically polarized dipole antenna 2 and the second vertically polarized dipole antenna 5 are fed, thereby shortening the length of the first feeding line 42 and the second feeding line 44 and reducing the loss.
  • LTCC multi-layer circuit substrate
  • the reflector 3 as a whole can be located on the edge area of the floor 11 close to the clearance area 12 .
  • the first feeding point 41 and the second feeding point 43 are located on the side of the reflector 3 away from the first vertically polarized dipole antenna 2; the third feeding point 61 and the fourth feeding point The point 63 is located on the side of the reflector 3 away from the first horizontally polarized dipole antenna 7.
  • the first feeder 42, the second feeder 44, the third feeder 62 and the fourth feeder 64 all need to pass through the gap between the reflection posts 31 of the reflector 3. Therefore, the gap between the reflective columns 31 can be flexibly adjusted according to the arrangement of the feeder.
  • the first feeder 42, the second feeder 44, the third feeder 62, and the fourth feeder 64 respectively pass through the gap between the middle two adjacent reflecting columns 31 of the reflector 3 to the corresponding feeding point. Therefore, the gap between the two adjacent reflection posts 31 in the middle of the reflector 3 can be appropriately increased, so that each feeder can pass directly.
  • the antenna branches of the first vertically polarized dipole antenna 2 and the second vertically polarized dipole antenna 5 are all located at the first horizontal pole. Therefore, in the horizontal direction, the first feeder 42 and the second feeder 44 are both located between the third feeder 62 and the fourth feeder 64 respectively.
  • the third feeder 62 includes a first feeder 621 and a second feeder 622, the first feeder 621 is connected to the fifth antenna branch 71 and the seventh antenna branch 81, and the second feeder 622 is connected to the seventh antenna Branch 81 and the third feed point 61;
  • the fourth feeder 64 includes a third feeder 641 and a fourth feeder 642.
  • the third feeder 641 connects the sixth antenna branch 72 and the eighth antenna branch 82
  • the fourth feeder 642 connects the eighth antenna branch 82 and the fourth feeder. Electric point 63.
  • the width of the first section of the feeder 621 is smaller than the width of the second section of the feeder 622; the width of the third section of the feeder 641 is smaller than the width of the fourth section of the feeder 642.
  • the impedances of the first horizontally polarized dipole antenna 7 and the second horizontally polarized dipole antenna 8 can be matched.
  • the first feeder 42 includes a fifth feeder 421 and a sixth feeder 422, the fifth feeder 421 is connected to the first antenna branch 21 and the third antenna branch 51, and the sixth feeder 422 is connected to the third antenna branch 51 And the first feeding point 41;
  • the second feeder 44 includes a seventh feeder 441 and an eighth feeder 442.
  • the seventh feeder 441 connects the second antenna branch 22 and the fourth antenna branch 52
  • the eighth feeder 442 connects the fourth antenna branch 52 and the second feeder. Electric point 43;
  • the width of the fifth section of feeder line 421 is smaller than the width of the sixth section of feeder line 422;
  • the width of the seventh section of the feeder 441 is smaller than the width of the eighth section of the feeder 442.
  • the impedances of the first vertically polarized dipole antenna 2 and the second vertically polarized dipole antenna 5 can be matched.
  • the substrate 1 includes the multilayer dielectric board 13
  • the following embodiments can be adopted for the arrangement of the components of the above-mentioned dual-frequency dual-polarized dipole antenna.
  • the substrate 1 includes six layers of dielectric plates 13;
  • the first antenna branch 21 is arranged in the first layer of dielectric plate 13a and penetrates the first layer of dielectric plate 13a;
  • the third antenna branch 51 is arranged in the first layer of dielectric plate 13a and the second layer of dielectric plate 13b, and penetrates the first layer of dielectric plate 13a and the second layer of dielectric plate 13b;
  • the first feeder 42 is arranged on the surface of the third layer of dielectric plate 13c close to the second layer of dielectric plate 13b;
  • the fifth antenna branch 71, the sixth antenna branch 72, the seventh antenna branch 81, the eighth antenna branch 82, the third feeder 62, the fourth feeder 64 and the floor 11 are all arranged on the fourth layer of dielectric plate 13d near the third The surface of the layer dielectric board 13c;
  • the second feeder 44 is arranged on the surface of the fifth layer of dielectric plate 13e close to the fourth layer of dielectric plate 13d;
  • the second antenna branch 22 is arranged in the fifth layer of dielectric plate 13e and penetrates the fifth layer of dielectric plate 13e;
  • the fourth antenna branch 52 is arranged in the fifth layer of dielectric plate 13e and the sixth layer of dielectric plate 13f, and penetrates the fifth layer of dielectric plate 13e and the sixth layer of dielectric plate 13f;
  • the reflector 3 penetrates the four-layer dielectric plate 13, that is, the reflector 3 penetrates the first-layer dielectric plate 13a to the sixth-layer dielectric plate 13f.
  • the fifth antenna branch 71, the sixth antenna branch 72, the seventh antenna branch 81, the eighth antenna branch 82 and the floor 11 are all arranged on the same surface of the same layer of the dielectric plate 13, the floor 11 is used as the fifth antenna
  • the reflectors of the branch 71, the sixth antenna branch 72, the seventh antenna branch 81, and the eighth antenna branch 82 can better improve their reflection performance.
  • the fifth layer of dielectric plate 13e can also be close to the fourth layer of dielectric plate.
  • a floor 11 is provided on the surface of 13d, as shown in FIG. 7.
  • the floor 11 can be provided only on the surface of the fourth layer of dielectric plate 13d close to the third layer of dielectric plate 13c.
  • each reflection column 31 of the reflector 3 penetrates the first layer of dielectric plate 13a to the sixth layer of dielectric plate 13f.
  • the first feeder Structure 4 can adopt the following single-ended power feeding structure in addition to the above-mentioned double-ended power feeding structure.
  • the first feeding structure 4 includes:
  • the first feeding point 41 is electrically connected to the floor 11;
  • the first feeder 42, the first antenna branch 21 and the third antenna branch 51 are electrically connected to the first feed point 41 through the first feeder 42;
  • the second feeder 43 and the second feeder 43 are respectively connected to the second antenna branch 22 and the fourth antenna branch 52, and are electrically connected to the floor 11 through the trapezoidal balun structure 45;
  • the first feeder 42 is coupled with the second feeder 43.
  • the above-mentioned single-ended feeding structure can achieve the performance of differential feeding.
  • the second antenna branch 22 of the first vertically polarized dipole antenna 2 is directly grounded through the trapezoidal balun structure 45.
  • Using single-ended feeding to feed the first antenna branch 21 of the first vertically polarized dipole antenna 2 can reduce one channel and reduce the cost.
  • the related structure of the first vertically polarized dipole antenna 2 is not shown in FIG. 18 to FIG. 20, and the specific setting mode can be referred to the remaining description or the remaining illustrations.
  • the substrate 1 includes the multilayer dielectric board 13
  • the following embodiments can be adopted for the arrangement of the components of the single-polarized dipole antenna.
  • the substrate 1 includes a five-layer dielectric board
  • the first antenna branch 21 is arranged in the first layer of dielectric board and penetrates the first layer of dielectric board;
  • the third antenna branch 51 is arranged in the first layer of dielectric board and the second layer of dielectric board, and penetrates the first layer of dielectric board and the second layer of dielectric board;
  • the first feeder 42 is arranged on the surface of the third layer of dielectric board close to the second layer of dielectric board;
  • the second feeder line 44, the trapezoidal balun structure 45 and the floor 11 are all arranged on the surface of the third layer of dielectric board close to the second layer of dielectric board.
  • the second antenna branch 22 is arranged in the fourth layer of dielectric board and penetrates the fourth layer of dielectric board;
  • the fourth antenna branch 52 is arranged in the fourth layer of dielectric board and the fifth layer of dielectric board, and penetrates the fourth layer of dielectric board and the fifth layer of dielectric board;
  • the reflector 3 penetrates the five-layer dielectric plate.
  • the antenna unit of the embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied to Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN), Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), and Wireless Personal Area Network (WMAN).
  • Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Near Field Communication (NFC), Wireless Charging (Wireless Power Consortium, WPC), Frequency Modulation (Frequency) Modulation, FM) and other wireless communication scenarios.
  • the antenna unit of the embodiment of the present disclosure can also be applied to the compliance testing, design and application of SAR and HAC and other wearable electronic devices related to human safety and health (such as hearing aids or heart rate regulators).
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure also relates to an electronic device including the antenna unit of any one of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the specific implementation of the antenna unit in the electronic device can be referred to the above description, and can achieve the same technical effect. In order to avoid repetition, this will not be repeated.
  • the number of antenna elements is greater than or equal to two, and the antenna elements are arranged in sequence to form an antenna array.
  • an isolator 9 is provided between two adjacent antenna units.
  • the isolator 9 By arranging the isolator 9 between the adjacent antenna units, the mutual coupling between the adjacent antenna units can be effectively reduced, and the working performance of the antenna array can be guaranteed.
  • the isolator 9 includes a plurality of spacers 91 arranged at intervals, and the spacers 91 are perpendicular to the substrate 1 and penetrate the substrate 1.
  • the above-mentioned electronic devices can be computers (Computer), mobile phones, tablet computers (Tablet Computer), laptop computers (Laptop Computer), personal digital assistants (personal digital assistant, PDA), mobile Internet devices (Mobile Internet Device, MID) ), wearable devices, e-readers, navigators, digital cameras, etc.
  • computers Computer
  • Tablet Computer Tablet Computer
  • laptop computers laptop computers
  • personal digital assistants personal digital assistant, PDA
  • mobile Internet devices Mobile Internet Device, MID)
  • wearable devices e-readers, navigators, digital cameras, etc.

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Abstract

本公开提供一种天线单元和电子设备，其中天线单元包括：基板，具有地板；第一垂直极化偶极子天线，包括第一天线枝和第二天线枝，第一天线枝和第二天线枝间隔设置于基板中；第二垂直极化偶极子天线，包括第三天线枝和第四天线枝，第三天线枝和第四天线枝间隔设置于基板中；反射器，包括若干反射柱，若干反射柱沿抛物线间隔排布于基板中；第一馈电结构，分别将第一天线枝、第二天线枝、第三天线枝和第四天线枝与地板电连接。

Description

天线单元和电子设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请主张在2019年5月22日在中国提交的中国专利申请No.201910430968.0的优先权，其全部内容通过引用包含于此。
技术领域
本公开涉及天线技术领域，尤其涉及一种天线单元和电子设备。
背景技术
天线的形式主要包括贴片(patch)天线、八木宇田(Yagi-Uda)天线和偶极子(dipole)天线等类型。天线的波束传输性能在不同的场景下其要求也不同。例如，在某些场景下，要求天线具有较宽的辐射性能；而在某些场景下，需要天线具有高指向性的辐射性能，或者说，需要天线具有较强的端射性能。
发明内容
本公开实施例提供一种具有较强的端射性能的天线单元和使用该天线单元的电子设备。
本公开是这样实现的：
第一方面，本公开实施例提供一种天线单元，包括：
基板，所述基板具有地板；
第一垂直极化偶极子天线，所述第一垂直极化偶极子天线包括第一天线枝和第二天线枝，所述第一天线枝和所述第二天线枝间隔设置于所述基板中；
第二垂直极化偶极子天线，所述第二垂直极化偶极子天线包括第三天线枝和第四天线枝，所述第三天线枝和所述第四天线枝间隔设置于所述基板中；
反射器，所述反射器包括若干反射柱，所述若干反射柱沿抛物线间隔排布于所述基板中；
第一馈电结构，所述第一馈电结构分别将所述第一天线枝、所述第二天 线枝、所述第三天线枝和所述第四天线枝与所述地板电连接；
其中，所述第一天线枝、所述第二天线枝、所述第三天线枝和所述第四天线枝均位于所述抛物线的焦点所在的一侧；
所述第一天线枝和所述第二天线枝的长度均小于所述所述第三天线枝和所述第四天线枝的长度。
第二方面，本公开实施例提供一种电子设备，包括本公开实施例的第一方面中所述的天线单元。
本公开实施例中，通过在基板中设置第一垂直极化偶极子天线、第二垂直极化偶极子天线和沿抛物线排布的反射器，并将第一垂直极化偶极子天线和第二垂直极化偶极子天线设置于抛物线的焦点所在的一侧，使得第一垂直极化偶极子天线和第二垂直极化偶极子天线的绝大部分波束朝向前端辐射，从而能够增强偶极子天线的端射性能。此外，通过设置第一垂直极化偶极子天线和第二垂直极化偶极子天线，还能使天线单元具备双频性能，从而能够覆盖更宽的带宽，提高通信性能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案，下面将对本公开实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本公开的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本公开实施例提供的一种天线单元的外部结构示意图；
图2是本公开实施例提供的一种天线单元的剖面结构示意图；
图3至图9是本公开实施例提供的一种天线单元的分解结构示意图；
图10是本公开实施例提供的一种天线单元的内部结构俯视示意图；
图11是本公开实施例提供的一种天线单元的内部结构侧视示意图；
图12是图10对应的局部示意图；
图13是本公开实施例提供的一种天线单元的反射系数模拟图；
图14是本公开实施例提供的一种天线单元的28GHz垂直极化偶极子方向图；
图15是本公开实施例提供的一种天线单元的28GHz水平极化偶极子方向图；
图16是本公开实施例提供的一种天线单元的39GHz垂直极化偶极子方向图；
图17是本公开实施例提供的一种天线单元的39GHz水平极化偶极子方向图；
图18至图20是本公开实施例提供的另一种天线单元的部分结构的分解示意图；
图21是本公开实施例提供的一种天线阵列的结构示意图之一；
图22是本公开实施例提供的一种天线阵列的结构示意图之二。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图，对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
如图1至图12，以及图18至图20所示，本公开实施例提供一种天线单元，包括：
基板1，基板1具有地板11；
第一垂直极化偶极子天线2，第一垂直极化偶极子天线2包括第一天线枝21和第二天线枝22，第一天线枝21和第二天线枝22间隔设置于基板1中；
第二垂直极化偶极子天线5，第二垂直极化偶极子天线5包括第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52，第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52间隔设置于基板1中；
反射器3，反射器3包括若干反射柱31，若干反射柱31沿抛物线间隔排布于基板1中；
第一馈电结构4，第一馈电结构4分别将第一天线枝21、第二天线枝22、第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52与地板11电连接；
其中，第一天线枝21、第二天线枝22、第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52均位于抛物线的焦点所在的一侧；
第一天线枝21和第二天线枝22的长度均小于第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52的长度。
上述第一垂直极化偶极子天线2的第一天线枝21和第二天线枝22均竖向在基板1中。具体地，第一天线枝21和第二天线枝22可垂直于基板1设置于基板1中，也可稍微偏离垂直方向设置于基板1中。第一天线枝21的中心轴线与第二天线22的中心轴线可完全重合，也可稍微相互错开一定的角度，或稍微偏离一定的距离。第一天线枝21的长度与和第二天线枝22的长度可相等，也可近似相等，第一天线枝21和第二天线枝22的长度约为四分之一介质波长。
相应地，上述第二垂直极化偶极子天线5的第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52均竖向在基板1中。具体地，第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52可垂直于基板1设置于基板1中，也可稍微偏离垂直方向设置于基板1中。第三天线枝51的中心轴线与第四天线枝52的中心轴线可完全重合，也可稍微相互错开一定的角度，或稍微偏离一定的距离。第三天线枝51的长度与和第四天线枝52的长度可相等，也可近似相等，第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52的长度约为四分之一介质波长。
此外，第一天线枝21的邻近第二天线枝22的一端与第三天线枝51的邻近第四天线枝52的一端之间的连线可平行于基板1；第二天线枝22的邻近第一天线枝21的一端与第四天线枝52的邻近第三天线枝51的一端之间的连线也可平行于基板1。
上述反射器3作为第一垂直极化偶极子天线2和第二垂直极化偶极子天线5的反射器，每个反射柱31在基板1中的设置方向应与各天线枝相配合，这样，每个反射柱31也需要竖向设置在基板1中。具体地，每个反射柱31可垂直于基板1设置于基板1中，也可稍微偏离垂直方向设置于基板1中。
本公开实施例中，通过在基板1中设置第一垂直极化偶极子天线2、第二垂直极化偶极子天线5和沿抛物线排布的反射器3，并将第一垂直极化偶极子天线2和第二垂直极化偶极子天线5设置于抛物线的焦点所在的一侧， 使得第一垂直极化偶极子天线2和第二垂直极化偶极子天线5的绝大部分波束朝向前端辐射，减少后向辐射，从而能够增强偶极子天线的端射性能。并且，通过设置第一垂直极化偶极子天线2和第二垂直极化偶极子天线5，还能使天线单元具备双频性能，从而能够覆盖更宽的带宽，提高通信性能。
由于第一垂直极化偶极子天线2的天线枝长度均小于第二垂直极化偶极子天线5的天线枝长度，因此，第一垂直极化偶极子天线2对应高频点，第二垂直极化偶极子天线5对应低频点。
由于具有较强的端射性能，本公开实施例的天线单元可设置为毫米波天线单元，适用于5G毫米波段的信号传输。即，第一垂直极化偶极子天线2和第二垂直极化偶极子天线5均可以为毫米波天线，第一天线枝21、第二天线枝22、第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52的长度可根据毫米波波长设置。
3GPP(3rd Generation Partnership Project，第三代合作计划)定义的全球主流5G毫米波段包括以26GHz为主的n258(24.25-27.5GHz)，以28GHz为主的n257(26.5-29.5GHz)、n261(27.5-28.35GHz)，以39GHz为主的n260(37.0-40.0GHz)。
以参考频点为28GHz和39GHz为例，则，第一垂直极化偶极子天线2对应39GHz的频点，第二垂直极化偶极子天线5对应28GHz的频点。
可选地，第一垂直极化偶极子天线2的天线枝的横截面尺寸均小于第二垂直极化偶极子天线5的天线枝的横截面尺寸。这样，可使第一垂直极化偶极子天线2与第二垂直极化偶极子天线5能够更好地产生谐振，降低能量的反射，从而提高天线的通信性能。
可选地，第一天线枝21、第二天线枝22、第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52所在的平面穿过抛物线的焦点和顶点。这样，第一垂直极化偶极子天线2和第二垂直极化偶极子天线5位于抛物线的对称线上，可以提高反射器3对第一垂直极化偶极子天线2和第二垂直极化偶极子天线5的反射效果，提高垂直偶极子天线的增益，改善其方向图的前后比。
可选地，第二垂直极化偶极子天线5位于第一垂直极化偶极子天线2与反射器3之间的区域。
由于第一垂直极化偶极子天线2的天线枝长度均小于第二垂直极化偶极 子天线5的天线枝长度，因此，将第二垂直极化偶极子天线5设置在第一垂直极化偶极子天线2与反射器3之间的区域，使得第二垂直极化偶极子天线5的天线枝能够充当第一垂直极化偶极子天线2的反射器，从而进一步提高天线单元整体的端射性能。
可选地，第三天线枝51的中心轴线和第四天线枝52的中心轴线穿过抛物线的焦点。这样，可以提高第二垂直极化偶极子天线5的增益。
需要说明的是，基板1的一部分区域，例如基板1的左侧区域设置地板11，则基板1的右侧区域为净空区12，反射器3整体可设置在地板11所在的区域，第一垂直极化偶极子天线2整体和第二垂直极化偶极子天线5整体可设置在净空区12，第一馈电结构4从净空区12延伸至地板11所在的区域。
可选地，反射器3整***于地板11的靠近净空区12的边缘区域。这样，一方面，可拉近反射器3与第一垂直极化偶极子天线2之间的距离，提高反射器3对第一垂直极化偶极子天线2的反射效果，改善第一垂直极化偶极子天线2方向图的前后比。另一方面，可降低反射器3整体占用的地板11区域的水平空间，可留置更多的地板11区域供其它元器件使用。
可选地，反射器3的位于两侧的反射柱31位于地板11和净空区12的交界处，或者说，反射器3的位于两侧的反射柱31部分位于地板11所在的区域，部分位于净空区12。
反射器3的各相邻反射柱31之间的间距可以全部相等，也可以部分相等。为了提高反射器3的反射效果，各相邻反射柱31之间的间距不宜过大，若反射器3的某相邻反射柱31之间需要穿过相关元器件，则该相邻反射柱31之间的间距可适当增大，其他相邻反射柱31之间的间距可相对减小。图1、图3等示出了反射器3的中间两反射柱31之间的间距较大，其他相邻反射柱31之间的间距均相等的实施方式。
以下对天线单元的各部件的具体设置方式进行说明。
可选地，如图2所示，基板1包括N层介质板13，N大于或等于5；
第一天线枝21和第二天线枝22分别设置于两层不相邻的介质板13中，第一天线枝21和第二天线枝22分别贯穿对应的介质板13；
第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52分别设置于两组不相邻的介质板13中， 第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52分别贯穿对应的介质板13，每组介质板13包括至少两层相邻的介质板13；
反射器3整体贯穿N层介质板13。
进一步地，反射器3的各反射柱31均贯穿N层介质板13。
将基板1设置成多层介质板13，这样，可单独对相应的介质板13进行加工处理，以形成第一天线枝21、第二天线枝22、第三天线枝51、第四天线枝52和反射器3，这样，能够简化天线单元的制作工艺。并且，通过将基板1设置成多层介质板13，能够很方便地控制第一天线枝21、第二天线枝22、第三天线枝51、第四天线枝52和反射柱31的长度，第一天线枝21和第二天线枝22之间的间距，以及第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52之间的间距。尤其是能够更精确地控制第一天线枝21、第二天线枝22、第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52的长度，使第一天线枝21、第二天线枝22、第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52的长度能够分别尽可能接近四分之一介质波长，从而提高天线单元的性能。
此外，将反射器3的各反射柱31贯穿N层介质板13，使得第一垂直极化偶极子天线2和第二垂直极化偶极子天线5均位于反射器3的反射区域内，能够进一步提高反射效果。
其中，图2示出了基板1包括六层介质板13，且第一天线枝21设置于第二层介质板13b，第二天线枝22设置于第五层介质板13e，第三天线枝51设置于第一层介质板13a和第二层介质板13b，第四天线枝52设置于第五层介质板13e和第六层介质板13f的实施方式。另外，基板1也可以包括五层介质板13，第一天线枝21设置于第二层介质板13b，第二天线枝22设置于第四层介质板13d，第三天线枝51设置于第一层介质板13a和第二层介质板13b，第四天线枝52设置于第四层介质板13d和第五层介质板13e。
可选地，第一天线枝21、第二天线枝22、第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52分别由贯穿对应介质板13的金属柱形成；
反射器3的各反射柱31由贯穿N层介质板13的若干金属柱形成。
具体地，第一天线枝21、第二天线枝22、第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52对应的介质板13中均开设有垂直贯穿介质板13的通孔(图中未示出)，第一天 线枝21、第二天线枝22、第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52由填充于通孔中的金属柱形成。N层介质板13沿抛物线间隔开设有垂直贯穿N层介质板13的若干通孔，反射器3的各反射柱31由填充于若干通孔中的金属柱形成。
通过在介质板13中打孔并向孔中置入金属柱的方式来分别形成第一天线枝21、第二天线枝22、第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52和反射柱31，工艺简单且成熟，容易实现，基本不会增加额外的生产成本。
本公开实施例的天线单元可以仅设置第一垂直极化偶极子天线2和第二垂直极化偶极子天线5，作为一种双频单极化偶极子天线。本公开实施例的天线单元还可以设置为双频双极化偶极子天线。以下对双频双极化偶极子天线的具体实施方式进行说明。
如图2至图12所示，天线单元包括：
基板1，基板1具有地板11；
第一垂直极化偶极子天线2，第一垂直极化偶极子天线2包括第一天线枝21和第二天线枝22，第一天线枝21和第二天线枝22间隔设置于基板1中；
第二垂直极化偶极子天线5，第二垂直极化偶极子天线5包括第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52，第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52间隔设置于基板1中；
第一水平极化偶极子天线7，第一水平极化偶极子天线7包括第五天线枝71和第六天线枝72，第五天线枝71和第六天线枝72间隔设置于基板1中；
第二水平极化偶极子天线8，第二水平极化偶极子天线8包括第七天线枝81和第八天线枝82，第七天线枝81和第八天线枝82间隔设置于基板中；
反射器3，反射器3包括若干反射柱31，若干反射柱31沿抛物线间隔排布于基板1中；
第一馈电结构4，第一馈电结构4分别将第一天线枝21、第二天线枝22、第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52与地板11电连接；
第二馈电结构6，第二馈电结构6分别将第五天线枝71、第六天线枝72、第七天线枝81和第八天线枝82与地板11电连接；
其中，第一天线枝21、第二天线枝22、第三天线枝51、第四天线枝52、第五天线枝71、第六天线枝72、第七天线枝81和第八天线枝82均位于抛物线的焦点所在的一侧；
第一天线枝21和第二天线枝22的长度均小于第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52的长度；
第五天线枝71和第六天线枝72的长度均小于第七天线枝81和第八天线枝82的长度；
第一天线枝21和第二天线枝22分别位于第五天线枝71、第六天线枝72、第七天线枝81和第八天线枝82所在的第一平面的两侧；
第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52分别位于第五天线枝71、第六天线枝72、第七天线枝81和第八天线枝82所在的第一平面的两侧；
第五天线枝71和第六天线枝72分别位于第一天线枝21、第二天线枝22、第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52所在的第二平面的两侧；
第七天线枝81和第八天线枝82分别位于第一天线枝21、第二天线枝22、第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52所在的第二平面的两侧。
需要说明的是，前述关于双频单极化偶极子天线的相关说明仍然适用于双频双极化偶极子天线，并具有相同的有益效果，为避免重复，对此不作赘述。
可选地，第五天线枝71、第六天线枝72、第七天线枝81和第八天线枝82所在的第一平面平行于基板1；第一天线枝21、第二天线枝22、第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52所在的第二平面垂直于基板1。
第五天线枝71、第六天线枝72、第七天线枝81和第八天线枝82的形状可以是矩形、三角形或椭圆形，当采用椭圆形时，由于其形状变化较平缓，使得天线的阻抗变化更平缓，从而有利于拓展第一水平极化偶极子天线7和第二水平极化偶极子天线8的带宽。第五天线枝71、第六天线枝72、第七天线枝81和第八天线枝82的长度均约为四分之一介质波长。第五天线枝71、第六天线枝72、第七天线枝81和第八天线枝82的长度可根据毫米波波长设置。
由于第一水平极化偶极子天线7的天线枝长度均小于第二水平极化偶极 子天线8的天线枝长度，因此，第一水平极化偶极子天线7对应高频点，第二水平极化偶极子天线8对应低频点。以参考频点为28GHz和39GHz为例，则，第一水平极化偶极子天线7对应39GHz的频点，第二水平极化偶极子天线8对应28GHz的频点。
图13为天线单元的反射系数图，水平极化偶极子天线和垂直极化偶极子的-6dB的S参数的共同带宽为25.22GHz-29.81GHz和35.85-41.35GHz，基本覆盖了3GPP定义的全球主流5G毫米波频段n257、n261和n260。
需要说明的是，基板1的一部分区域，例如基板1的左侧区域设置地板11，则基板1的右侧区域为净空区12，反射器3整体可设置在地板11所在的区域，第一垂直极化偶极子天线2、第二垂直极化偶极子天线5、第一水平极化偶极子天线7和第二水平极化偶极子天线8可设置在净空区12，第一馈电结构4和第二馈电结构6从净空区12延伸至地板11所在的区域。
其中，反射器3可作为第一垂直极化偶极子天线2和第二垂直极化偶极子天线5的反射器，第一水平极化偶极子天线7和第二水平极化偶极子天线8的反射器可由基板1的地板11充当，即，基板1的地板11可作为第一水平极化偶极子天线7和第二水平极化偶极子天线8的反射器。为了达到较好的反射效果，第五天线枝71、第六天线枝72、第七天线枝81和第八天线枝82可位于基板1的地板11所在的平面。
本公开实施例中，将双频垂直偶极子天线与双频水平偶极子天线相结合，实现了双频双极化偶极子天线的设计。一方面，可以实现多输入多输出(Multiple Input and Multiple Output，MIMO)功能，以提升数据的传输速率；另一方面，可以增加天线的无线连接能力，降低通信断线的机率，提升通信效果和用户体验。
可选地，第一水平极化偶极子天线7和第二水平极化偶极子天线8均位于第一垂直极化偶极子天线2与反射器3之间的区域。
本公开实施例中，由于垂直偶极子天线和水平偶极子天线在垂直方向(即垂直于基板1的方向)上错开设置，因此，在水平方向(即平行于基板1的方向)上，水平偶极子天线和垂直偶极子天线之间的位置关系可以不作限定。例如，可以是水平偶极子天线整***于垂直偶极子天线与反射器3之间的区 域，也可以是水平偶极子天线整***于垂直偶极子天线与反射器3之间的区域，还可以是水平偶极子天线整体和垂直偶极子天线整体分别位于相同的两个垂直面上。
其中，图9和图10示出了第一水平极化偶极子天线7和第二水平极化偶极子天线8均位于第一垂直极化偶极子天线2与反射器3之间的区域的实施方式，该实施方式中，可节省第一水平极化偶极子天线7和第二水平极化偶极子天线8所占用的净空区12的空间。
可选地，第二水平极化偶极子天线8位于第一水平极化偶极子天线7与反射器3之间的区域。
由于第一水平极化偶极子天线7的天线枝长度均小于第二水平极化偶极子天线8的天线枝长度，因此，将第二水平极化偶极子天线8设置在第一水平极化偶极子天线7与反射器3之间的区域，使得第二水平极化偶极子天线8的天线枝能够充当第一水平极化偶极子天线7的反射器，从而进一步提高天线单元整体的端射性能。
可选地，第一天线枝21和第二天线枝22相对第一平面对称，第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52相对第一平面对称；
第五天线枝71和第六天线枝72相对第二平面对称，第七天线枝81和第八天线枝82相对第二平面对称。
其中，第一平面为第五天线枝71、第六天线枝72、第七天线枝81和第八天线枝82所在的平面；第二平面为第一天线枝21、第二天线枝22、第三天线枝51和第四天线枝52所在的平面。
可选地，第五天线枝71、第六天线枝72、第七天线枝81和第八天线枝82所在的第一平面平行于基板1；
第一天线枝21与第一平面之间的垂直距离等于第三天线枝51与第一平面之间的垂直距离。
相应地，第二天线枝22与第一平面之间的垂直距离等于第四天线枝52与第一平面之间的垂直距离。
这样，从整体结构上看去，双频水平极化偶极子天线的各天线枝位于双频垂直极化偶极子天线的中间位置，双频垂直极化偶极子天线的各天线枝位 于水平极化偶极子天线的中间位置，在整体结构保持了水平和垂直方向的严格对称，从而可以防止方向图主射方向的角度偏移。
图14、图15、图16和图17分别示出了双频双极化偶极子天线在28GHz和39GHz的方向图，均为端射的辐射方向图，后向辐射较少。
以下对天线单元的相关馈电结构的具体设置方式进行说明。
如图3至图12所示，第一馈电结构4包括：
第一馈电点41，第一馈电点41与地板11电连接；
第一馈线42，第一天线枝21和所述第三天线枝51通过第一馈线42电连接至第一馈电点41；
第二馈电点43，第二馈电点43与地板11电连接；
第二馈线44，第二天线枝22和第四天线枝52通过第二馈线44电连接至第二馈电点43；
第二馈电结构6包括：
第三馈电点61，第三馈电点61与地板11电连接；
第三馈线62，第五天线枝71和第七天线枝81通过第三馈线62电连接至第三馈电点61；
第四馈电点63，第四馈电点63与地板11电连接；
第四馈线64，第六天线枝72和第八天线枝82通过第四馈线64电连接至第四馈电点64。
上述各偶极子天线的馈电结构，即第一馈电结构4和第二馈电结构6均采用双端馈电，每组馈电结构的两根馈线连接的信号源的幅值相等，相位相差180°，也就是说，各偶极子天线均采用差分馈电方式。采用差分馈电可以提升天线的共模抑制能力和抗干扰能力，且可以提升差分的端到端的隔离度(isolation)以及提升极化的纯度。此外，相对于单端馈电的结构，可提升天线的辐射功率。
需要说明的是，对于单极化的天线单元而言，即只包含第一垂直极化偶极子天线2和第二垂直极化偶极子天线5的天线单元，第一馈电结构4也可以采用上述双端馈电的结构，由于容易理解，为避免重复，对此不作赘述。
可选地，第一垂直极化偶极子天线2、第二垂直极化偶极子天线5、第一 水平极化偶极子天线7和第二水平极化偶极子天线8的各天线枝均采用同轴线差分馈电。
其中，第三馈线62和第四馈线64主要构成是：同轴线连接共面波导(CoPlanar Waveguide，CPW)然后分别连接到第五天线枝71、第七天线枝81、第六天线枝72和第八天线枝82。
此外，如果采用多层电路基板(LTCC)工艺加工，或者说，基板1包括多层介质板13时，可以将射频集成电路(Radiao Frquency Intergarted Circuit，RFIC)芯片埋在介质板13中，直接对第一垂直极化偶极子天线2和第二垂直极化偶极子天线5馈电，从而缩短第一馈线42和第二馈线44的长度，减小损耗。
如前所述，为了降低反射器3整体占用的地板11区域的水平空间，以留置更多的地板11区域供其它元器件使用，反射器3整体可位于地板11的靠近净空区12的边缘区域。
在上述设置方式中，第一馈电点41和第二馈电点43位于反射器3的远离第一垂直极化偶极子天线2的一侧；第三馈电点61和第四馈电点63位于反射器3的远离第一水平极化偶极子天线7的一侧。
这样，第一馈线42、第二馈线44、第三馈线62和第四馈线64均需要穿过反射器3的反射柱31之间的间隙。因此，可根据馈线的布置方式，灵活调整反射柱31之间的间隙。
可选地，第一馈线42、第二馈线44、第三馈线62和第四馈线64均分别穿过反射器3的中间两相邻反射柱31之间的间隙至对应的馈电点。因此，反射器3的中间两相邻反射柱31之间的间隙可适当增大，以使各馈线能够直接通过。
可选地，在水平方向上(即平行于基板1的方向)，由于第一垂直极化偶极子天线2和第二垂直极化偶极子天线5的各天线枝均位于第一水平极化偶极子天线7的两天线枝之间的中间位置，因此，在水平方向上，第一馈线42和第二馈线44均分别位于第三馈线62和第四馈线64之间。
可选地，第三馈线62包括第一段馈线621和第二段馈线622，第一段馈线621连接第五天线枝71和第七天线枝81，第二段馈线622连接第七天线 枝81和第三馈电点61；
第四馈线64包括第三段馈线641和第四段馈线642，第三段馈线641连接第六天线枝72和第八天线枝82，第四段馈线642连接第八天线枝82和第四馈电点63。
可选地，第一段馈线621的宽度小于第二段馈线622的宽度；第三段馈线641的宽度小于第四段馈线642的宽度。
这样，可以使第一水平极化偶极子天线7和第二水平极化偶极子天线8两者的阻抗相匹配。
可选地，第一段馈线621与第二段馈线622之间具有间隙a；第三段馈线641与第四段馈线642之间具有间隙b。
通过设置间隙a、b，可引入电容，有利于第一水平极化偶极子天线7和第二水平极化偶极子天线8的阻抗匹配。
可选地，第一馈线42包括第五段馈线421和第六段馈线422，第五段馈线421连接第一天线枝21和第三天线枝51，第六段馈线422连接第三天线枝51和第一馈电点41；
第二馈线44包括第七段馈线441和第八段馈线442，第七段馈线441连接第二天线枝22和第四天线枝52，第八段馈线442连接第四天线枝52和第二馈电点43；
第五段馈线421的宽度小于第六段馈线422的宽度；
第七段馈线441的宽度小于第八段馈线442的宽度。
通过上述设置，可以使第一垂直极化偶极子天线2和第二垂直极化偶极子天线5两者的阻抗相匹配。
以下就基板1包括多层介质板13的实施方式，对上述双频双极化偶极子天线的各元器件的设置可采用以下实施方式。
如图2所示，基板1包括六层介质板13；
第一天线枝21设置于第一层介质板13a中，且贯穿第一层介质板13a；
第三天线枝51设置于第一层介质板13a和第二层介质板13b中，且贯穿第一层介质板13a和第二层介质板13b；
第一馈线42设置于第三层介质板13c的靠近第二层介质板13b的表面；
第五天线枝71、第六天线枝72、第七天线枝81、第八天线枝82、第三馈线62、第四馈线64和地板11均设置于第四层介质板13d的靠近第三层介质板13c的表面；
第二馈线44设置于第五层介质板13e的靠近第四层介质板13d的表面；
第二天线枝22设置于第五层介质板13e中，且贯穿第五层介质板13e；
第四天线枝52设置于第五层介质板13e和第六层介质板13f中，且贯穿第五层介质板13e和第六层介质板13f；
反射器3贯穿四层介质板13，即，反射器3贯穿第一层介质板13a至第六层介质板13f。
其中，由于第五天线枝71、第六天线枝72、第七天线枝81、第八天线枝82和地板11均设置于同一层介质板13的同一表面，这使得地板11作为第五天线枝71、第六天线枝72、第七天线枝81、第八天线枝82的反射器，能够更好地提高其反射性能。
需要说明的是，该实施方式中，除了在第四层介质板13d的靠近第三层介质板13c的表面设置地板11之外，还可以在第五层介质板13e的靠近第四层介质板13d的表面设置地板11，如图7所示。若为了确保地板11与各天线枝之间的对称性，提高各天线枝的工作性能，可仅在第四层介质板13d的靠近第三层介质板13c的表面设置地板11。
此外，通过将基板1设置成多层介质板13的结构，这样，通过控制各层介质板13的厚度即可使双极化偶极子天线获得较好的对称性，工艺简单，容易实现。
进一步地，反射器3的各反射柱31均贯穿第一层介质板13a至第六层介质板13f。
本公开实施例中，对于双频单极化的天线单元而言，即只包含第一垂直极化偶极子天线2和第二垂直极化偶极子天线5的天线单元，第一馈电结构4除了可采用上述双端馈电的结构之外，还可采用以下的单端馈电结构。
如图18至图20所示，第一馈电结构4包括：
第一馈电点41，第一馈电点41与地板11电连接；
第一馈线42，第一天线枝21和第三天线枝51通过第一馈线42电连接 至第一馈电点41；
第二馈线43，第二馈线43分别连接第二天线枝22和第四天线枝52，并通过梯形巴伦结构45与地板11电连接；
第一馈线42与第二馈线43耦合。
其中，通过引入等幅反相作用的梯形巴伦结构45，使得上述单端馈电结构能够达到差分馈电的性能。
本公开实施例中，通过调整第一垂直极化偶极子天线2的馈电结构，将第一垂直极化偶极子天线2的第二天线枝22通过梯形巴伦结构45直接接地，只用单端馈电对第一垂直极化偶极子天线2的第一天线枝21馈电，能够减少一个通道，降低成本。
需要说明的是，图18至图20中均未示出第一垂直极化偶极子天线2的相关结构，其具体的设置方式可参见其余说明或其余图示。
以下就基板1包括多层介质板13的实施方式，对上述单极化偶极子天线的各元器件的设置可采用以下实施方式。
基板1包括五层介质板；
第一天线枝21设置于第一层介质板中，且贯穿第一层介质板；
第三天线枝51设置于第一层介质板和第二层介质板中，且贯穿第一层介质板和第二层介质板；
第一馈线42设置于第三层介质板的靠近第二层介质板的表面；
第二馈线44、梯形巴伦结构45和地板11均设置于第三层介质板的靠近第二层介质板的表面。
第二天线枝22设置于第四层介质板中，且贯穿第四层介质板；
第四天线枝52设置于第四层介质板和第五层介质板中，且贯穿第四层介质板和第五层介质板；
反射器3贯穿所述五层介质板。
需要说明的是，由于上述实施方式容易理解，因此，本公开实施例未给出具体的图示。
本公开实施例的天线单元可应用于无线城际网(Wireless Metropolitan Area Network，WMAN)、无线广域网(Wireless Wide  Area Network，WWAN)、无线局域网(Wireless Local Area Network，WLAN)、无线个域网(Wireless Personal Area Network，WPAN)、多输入多输出(MIMO)、射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification，RFID)、近场通信(Near Field Communication，NFC)、无线充电(Wireless Power Consortium，WPC)、调频(Frequency Modulation，FM)等无线通信场景。本公开实施例的天线单元还可应用于SAR与HAC等与人体安全、健康有关的佩戴电子器件(如助听器或心率调整器等)相容性的法规测试、设计及应用上。
本公开实施例还涉及一种电子设备，包括本公开实施例中任一项的天线单元。
电子设备中天线单元的具体实施方式均可以参照上述说明，并能够达到相同的技术效果，为避免重复，对此不作赘述。
可选地，如图21所示，天线单元的数量大于或等于2，各天线单元依次排布形成天线阵列。
可选地，如图22所示，相邻两天线单元之间设置有隔离器9。
通过在相邻的天线单元之间设置隔离器9，能够有效地减小相邻天线单元之间的互耦，保障了天线阵列的工作性能。
可选地，隔离器9包括若干间隔排布的隔离柱91，隔离柱91垂直于基板1并贯穿基板1。
上述电子设备可为计算机(Computer)、手机、平板电脑(Tablet Personal Computer)、膝上型电脑(Laptop Computer)、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、移动上网电子设备(Mobile Internet Device，MID)、可穿戴式设备(Wearable Device)、电子阅读器、导航仪、数码相机等。
以上所述，仅为本公开的具体实施方式，但本公开的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本公开揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本公开的保护范围之内。因此，本公开的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种天线单元，包括：
    基板，所述基板具有地板；
    第一垂直极化偶极子天线，所述第一垂直极化偶极子天线包括第一天线枝和第二天线枝，所述第一天线枝和所述第二天线枝间隔设置于所述基板中；
    第二垂直极化偶极子天线，所述第二垂直极化偶极子天线包括第三天线枝和第四天线枝，所述第三天线枝和所述第四天线枝间隔设置于所述基板中；
    反射器，所述反射器包括若干反射柱，所述若干反射柱沿抛物线间隔排布于所述基板中；
    第一馈电结构，所述第一馈电结构分别将所述第一天线枝、所述第二天线枝、所述第三天线枝和所述第四天线枝与所述地板电连接；
    其中，所述第一天线枝、所述第二天线枝、所述第三天线枝和所述第四天线枝均位于所述抛物线的焦点所在的一侧；
    所述第一天线枝和所述第二天线枝的长度均小于所述第三天线枝和所述第四天线枝的长度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线单元，其中，所述第二垂直极化偶极子天线位于所述第一垂直极化偶极子天线与所述反射器之间的区域。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的天线单元，其中，所述第一垂直极化偶极子天线的天线枝的横截面尺寸均小于所述第二垂直极化偶极子天线的天线枝的横截面尺寸。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的天线单元，其中，所述基板包括N层介质板，所述N大于或等于5；
    所述第一天线枝和所述第二天线枝分别设置于两层不相邻的介质板中，所述第一天线枝和所述第二天线枝分别贯穿对应的介质板；
    所述第三天线枝和所述第四天线枝分别设置于两组不相邻的介质板中，所述第三天线枝和所述第四天线枝分别贯穿对应的介质板，每组介质板包括至少两层相邻的介质板；
    所述若干反射柱整体贯穿所述N层介质板。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的天线单元，还包括：
    第一水平极化偶极子天线，所述第一水平极化偶极子天线包括第五天线枝和第六天线枝，所述第五天线枝和所述第六天线枝间隔设置于所述基板中；
    第二水平极化偶极子天线，所述第二水平极化偶极子天线包括第七天线枝和第八天线枝，所述第七天线枝和所述第八天线枝间隔设置于所述基板中；
    第二馈电结构，所述第二馈电结构分别将所述第五天线枝、所述第六天线枝、所述第七天线枝和所述第八天线枝与所述地板电连接；
    其中，所述第五天线枝、所述第六天线枝、所述第七天线枝和所述第八天线枝位于所述抛物线的焦点所在的一侧；
    所述第五天线枝和所述第六天线枝的长度均小于所述第七天线枝和所述第八天线枝的长度；
    所述第一天线枝和所述第二天线枝分别位于所述第五天线枝、所述第六天线枝、所述第七天线枝和所述第八天线枝所在的第一平面的两侧；
    所述第三天线枝和所述第四天线枝分别位于所述第五天线枝、所述第六天线枝、所述第七天线枝和所述第八天线枝所在的第一平面的两侧；
    所述第五天线枝和所述第六天线枝分别位于所述第一天线枝、所述第二天线枝、所述第三天线枝和所述第四天线枝所在的第二平面的两侧；
    所述第七天线枝和所述第八天线枝分别位于所述第一天线枝、所述第二天线枝、所述第三天线枝和所述第四天线枝所在的第二平面的两侧。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的天线单元，其中，所述第一天线枝和所述第二天线枝相对所述第一平面对称，所述第三天线枝和所述第四天线枝相对所述第一平面对称；
    所述第五天线枝和所述第六天线枝相对所述第二平面对称，所述第七天线枝和所述第八天线枝相对所述第二平面对称。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的天线单元，其中，所述第一水平极化偶极子天线和所述第二水平极化偶极子天线均位于所述第一垂直极化偶极子天线与所述反射器之间的区域。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的天线单元，其中，所述第二水平极化偶极子天线位于所述第一水平极化偶极子天线与所述反射器之间的区域。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的天线单元，其中，所述第一馈电结构包括：
    第一馈电点，所述第一馈电点与所述地板电连接；
    第一馈线，所述第一天线枝和所述第三天线枝通过所述第一馈线电连接至所述第一馈电点；
    第二馈电点，所述第二馈电点与所述地板电连接；
    第二馈线，所述第二天线枝和所述第四天线枝通过所述第二馈线电连接至所述第二馈电点；
    所述第二馈电结构包括：
    第三馈电点，所述第三馈电点与所述地板电连接；
    第三馈线，所述第五天线枝和所述第七天线枝通过所述第三馈线电连接至所述第三馈电点；
    第四馈电点，所述第四馈电点与所述地板电连接；
    第四馈线，所述第六天线枝和所述第八天线枝通过所述第四馈线电连接至所述第四馈电点。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的天线单元，其中，所述第三馈线包括第一段馈线和第二段馈线，所述第一段馈线连接所述第五天线枝和所述第七天线枝，所述第二段馈线连接所述第七天线枝和所述第三馈电点；所述第四馈线包括第三段馈线和第四段馈线，所述第三段馈线连接所述第六天线枝和所述第八天线枝，所述第四段馈线连接所述第八天线枝和所述第四馈电点；所述第一段馈线的宽度小于所述第二段馈线的宽度；所述第三段馈线的宽度小于所述第四段馈线的宽度；
    和/或，
    所述第一馈线包括第五段馈线和第六段馈线，所述第五段馈线连接所述第一天线枝和所述第三天线枝，所述第六段馈线连接所述第三天线枝和所述第一馈电点；所述第二馈线包括第七段馈线和第八段馈线，所述第七段馈线连接所述第二天线枝和所述第四天线枝，所述第八段馈线连接所述第四天线枝和所述第二馈电点；所述第五段馈线的宽度小于所述第六段馈线的宽度；所述第七段馈线的宽度小于所述第八段馈线的宽度。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的天线单元，其中，所述第三馈线包括第一段 馈线和第二段馈线，所述第一段馈线连接所述第五天线枝和所述第七天线枝，所述第二段馈线连接所述第七天线枝和所述第三馈电点；所述第四馈线包括第三段馈线和第四段馈线，所述第三段馈线连接所述第六天线枝和所述第八天线枝，所述第四段馈线连接所述第八天线枝和所述第四馈电点；
    所述第一段馈线与所述第二段馈线之间具有间隙；
    所述第三段馈线与所述第四段馈线之间具有间隙。
  12. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的天线单元，其中，所述第一馈电结构包括：
    第一馈电点，所述第一馈电点与所述地板电连接；
    第一馈线，所述第一天线枝和所述第三天线枝通过所述第一馈线电连接至所述第一馈电点；
    第二馈线，所述第二馈线分别连接所述第二天线枝和所述第四天线枝，并通过梯形巴伦结构与所述地板电连接；
    所述第一馈线与所述第二馈线耦合。
  13. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的天线单元，其中，所述第一天线枝、所述第二天线枝、所述第三天线枝和所述第四天线枝所在的平面穿过所述抛物线的焦点和顶点。
  14. 根据权利要求5所述的天线单元，其中，所述第一垂直极化偶极子天线、所述第二垂直极化偶极子天线、所述第一水平极化偶极子天线和所述第二水平极化偶极子天线中的至少之一为毫米波天线。
  15. 一种电子设备，包括如权利要求1至14中任一项所述的天线单元。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电子设备，其中，所述天线单元的数量大于或等于2，各所述天线单元依次连接形成天线阵列。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电子设备，其中，相邻两天线单元之间设置有隔离器。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的电子设备，其中，所述隔离器包括若干间隔排布的隔离柱，所述隔离柱贯穿所述基板。
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