WO2020233329A1 - 一种用于卧床老人长期护理的防压疮气囊床垫装置 - Google Patents

一种用于卧床老人长期护理的防压疮气囊床垫装置 Download PDF

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WO2020233329A1
WO2020233329A1 PCT/CN2020/086267 CN2020086267W WO2020233329A1 WO 2020233329 A1 WO2020233329 A1 WO 2020233329A1 CN 2020086267 W CN2020086267 W CN 2020086267W WO 2020233329 A1 WO2020233329 A1 WO 2020233329A1
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airbag
pressure
mattress
air pressure
airway
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PCT/CN2020/086267
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English (en)
French (fr)
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胡鸿
周洁
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北京工业大学
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Publication of WO2020233329A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020233329A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
    • A61G7/05—Parts, details or accessories of beds
    • A61G7/057—Arrangements for preventing bed-sores or for supporting patients with burns, e.g. mattresses specially adapted therefor
    • A61G7/05769—Arrangements for preventing bed-sores or for supporting patients with burns, e.g. mattresses specially adapted therefor with inflatable chambers
    • A61G7/05776—Arrangements for preventing bed-sores or for supporting patients with burns, e.g. mattresses specially adapted therefor with inflatable chambers with at least two groups of alternately inflated chambers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G2203/00—General characteristics of devices
    • A61G2203/30—General characteristics of devices characterised by sensor means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G2203/00—General characteristics of devices
    • A61G2203/30—General characteristics of devices characterised by sensor means
    • A61G2203/34—General characteristics of devices characterised by sensor means for pressure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G2203/00—General characteristics of devices
    • A61G2203/30—General characteristics of devices characterised by sensor means
    • A61G2203/46—General characteristics of devices characterised by sensor means for temperature

Definitions

  • the invention is an airbag mattress device based on an approximate human body measurement model and human body measurement to prevent pressure sores by reducing local pressure peaks. It is mainly used for long-term care of bedridden patients and belongs to the technical field of physical therapy devices.
  • the common prevention method is to change the sitting or lying posture.
  • wheelchair users with limited mobility should leave the lower body part of the wheelchair for at least one minute every 30 minutes; patients who are bedridden for a long time need to be in the caregiver With the help of the patient, the body posture is changed every two hours to reduce external pressure, but this frequent change of posture will definitely interfere with the patient’s sleep.
  • H. Kawakami proposed an electric bed that can automatically change the lying position.
  • the present invention provides a new type of automatic inflatable airbag mattress composed of elastic airbags made of multiple porous materials, and an airbag air pressure control system for reducing local pressure caused by body weight.
  • An anti-pressure sore airbag mattress device for long-term care of bedridden elderly people.
  • the device includes an airbag air pressure control system and an automatic inflatable airbag mattress; the automatic inflatable airbag mattress is composed of five parts, corresponding to the human head, Shoulder blades, hips, legs and feet.
  • the connection relationship of the automatic inflatable airbag mattress is shown in Figure 2.
  • the airbag 1 is nested on the airbag fixing ring 2. On the one hand, it is convenient to fix the position of the airbag 1, and on the other hand, it can avoid the excessive deformation of the airbag 1 during inflation and deflation. .
  • the airbag bottom bracket 3 supports the airbag 1 and the lower part of the airbag fixing ring 2, so that the airbag 1 and the mattress are more integrated, avoiding displacement inside the mattress, and also facilitating the connection of the airway, trachea and the airbag.
  • the airway 4 is located at the bottom bracket of the airbag Below 3, the airway 4 is used to store excess gas during inflation and deflation, and a flexible tube connects the airway 4 and the airbag 1 in series.
  • the mattress 5 loads the airbag 1, the airbag fixing ring 2, the airbag bottom support 3 and the airway 4 into one body.
  • the air pressure control system of the airbag 1 is arranged inside the mattress 5, and the inner space of the mattress 5 is filled with latex and other materials. The user can directly use the automatic inflatable airbag mattress.
  • the automatic inflatable airbag mattress is controlled by the airbag air pressure control system.
  • the automatic inflatable airbag mattress consists of five parts of airbags corresponding to different parts of the human body.
  • the airbag pressure control system is composed of five parts: a data acquisition system, a PLC controller, an airway switching unit, a wireless communication module and a display unit.
  • the airbag air pressure control system is connected to the automatic inflatable airbag mattress through a trachea connected to the airway.
  • a pressure sensor is installed at the far end of the airbag sharing airway to detect the air pressure and feed it back to the airbag air pressure control system.
  • the airbag air pressure control system is installed on the air pipe.
  • the solenoid valve adjusts the inflation and deflation of the airbag to achieve the purpose of reducing joint pressure and preventing pressure sores.
  • Airbag A0 corresponds to the head
  • airbag B corresponds to the scapula
  • airbag C corresponds to the waist
  • airbag D corresponds to the hips
  • airbag A1, airbag A2, airbag A3, and airbag A4 correspond to the spine
  • A1 corresponds to the cervical spine
  • A2 corresponds to the thoracic spine
  • A3 corresponds to the lumbar spine
  • A4 For the sacrum, airbag E corresponds to the thigh
  • airbag F corresponds to the knee socket
  • airbag G corresponds to the calf
  • airbag H corresponds to the heel.
  • the size and shape of the airbag 1 are designed to correspond to the human body structure, so as to fit the human body as much as possible.
  • the airbag air pressure control system is composed of five parts: a data acquisition system, a PLC controller, an airway switching unit, a wireless communication module and a display unit.
  • the data acquisition system is connected to the PLC controller through terminals AI0-AI7
  • the airway switching unit is connected to the relay
  • the relay is connected to the PLC controller through the DO0-DO15 digital output interface
  • the wireless communication module is connected to the PLC controller through the output interface.
  • the data acquisition system consists of a pressure sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor and a timer.
  • the data acquisition system collects the air pressure value in the airbag, the value of the skin temperature and humidity of the bedridden patient, and the length of time, and transmits the collected data signals to the PLC controller.
  • the PLC controller transmits the signal to the corresponding airway Switch unit.
  • the airway switching unit is composed of solenoid valve, air bag and air pressure machine. The air pressure machine rushes in a certain amount of air into the airway on time.
  • the solenoid valves of the corresponding airbags After receiving the signal from the PLC controller, the solenoid valves of the corresponding airbags will open to inflate and deflate until the pressure sensor detects that the air pressure value returns to the air pressure safety threshold.
  • the PLC controller will send a signal to close the solenoid valve.
  • the airbag air pressure control system can automatically adjust operation and switch, and users can also make personalized settings through the nursing service App.
  • the pressure data of the elderly in bed will be automatically uploaded to the bound App account.
  • the elderly, family members, authorized caregivers, and doctors can view the monitoring data of the elderly, and automatically detect or manually enter them through other bound nursing equipment.
  • Other health data will also be automatically uploaded to form a more complete digital health file.
  • each air bag will be inflated to the set initial pressure value. Then determine in turn whether the airbag pressure values corresponding to different parts of the human body are within the safe range. S1: Determine whether the air pressure of the airbag A0 corresponding to the head is too large.
  • the airbag A0 only opens the two-position three-way valve, allowing the airbag to decompress when the gas in the airbag enters the airway; if the airbag A0 pressure corresponding to the head does not exceed the safety pressure threshold, enter the next stage.
  • S2 If the air pressure of the head airbag A0 is normal, it is judged whether the air pressure of the airbag B corresponding to the shoulder blade is too high.
  • Airbag B only opens the two-position three-way valve, so that the airbag is reduced when the air in the airbag enters the airway. If the air pressure of the airbag B corresponding to the shoulder blade does not exceed the safety pressure threshold, enter the next stage. S3: If the air pressure of the airbag B of the shoulder blade is normal, it is judged whether the air pressure of the airbag D corresponding to the sacrum is too high.
  • the present invention has the following innovations:
  • New air cushion structure The traditional air bed is a straight tube, and the air pump automatically controls the way of inflation and deflation, so that the air bed can fluctuate regularly to prevent pressure sores. Due to the human body curve, the head, shoulder blades, buttocks and heels are the main stress-bearing parts in the supine position.
  • the present invention uses airbags to minimize skin pressure caused by body weight.
  • the airbags are designed according to ergonomics, so It makes the waist and legs bear the force, and reduces the pressure sore from the source that is prone to pressure sores.
  • New airbag air pressure control system For different groups of people and different parts of the human body, traditional air mattresses control inflation and deflation without difference.
  • the airbags in the automatic inflatable airbag mattress of the present invention are independently controlled by the system and feedback independently, aiming at pressure sores in different parts.
  • the air pressure control system responds according to the data detected by the pressure sensor, unrelated airbags are not affected, and the control is accurate.
  • the invention is mainly aimed at elderly long-term bedridden patients.
  • the design of the airbag is completely based on the anthropometric measurements of the elderly, which is more suitable for the body shape of the elderly.
  • the proportion of the elderly in bedridden patients is extremely high, and the pertinence is more valuable.
  • the airbag mattress device of the present invention that prevents pressure sores by reducing local pressure peaks has a novel structure and simple method, which can simply and effectively integrate the pressure value, pressure duration, and skin temperature and humidity of pressure sore points.
  • Numerical analysis and judgment by controlling the inflation and deflation of the relevant parts of the airbag to prevent or eliminate the occurrence of pressure sores, which can effectively extend the turn-over interval, and the control system is excellent, the control is simple, and the inflation and deflation adjustments and bed rest can also be performed according to the supporting App Patient body data monitoring.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the sore points corresponding to the airbag of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the automatic inflatable airbag mattress of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram of the airbag pressure control system of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the airbag pneumatic device of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is the PLC I/O point distribution and electrical wiring diagram of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a program flow chart of the airbag pneumatic device of the present invention
  • Figure 7 is the architecture diagram of the nursing service App of the present invention.
  • Airbags 4. Airway
  • the invention is an airbag mattress device for preventing pressure sores by reducing local pressure peaks. It can adaptively reduce local body pressure to prevent pressure sores for elderly people in bed with different heights and weights.
  • the airbag mattress air pressure control system As shown in Figure 3.
  • the airbag mattress device consists of nineteen airbags made of porous material. The porous material allows air leakage to help reduce temperature and humidity, and reducing pressure peaks, temperature and humidity help reduce the development of pressure sores.
  • the present invention divides the body parts into five parts: head, shoulder blades, waist and hips, legs and feet.
  • the control system uses PLC as the main controller.
  • the PLC collects the pressure signal of the pressure sensor, the temperature and humidity signal of the temperature and humidity sensor, and the time signal of the timer. After calculation and comparison, it sends a signal to the relay to control the action of the electromagnetic directional valve to achieve control.
  • the purpose of the airbag inflating, deflating and maintaining pressure is shown in Figure 4.
  • the analog input terminals AI0-AI7 of the PLC are assigned to the signal input of the pressure sensor, and the DO0-DO15 digital output interface of the PLC is assigned to the relay , As shown in Figure 5.
  • the A0 airbag when the head A0 pressure sensor detects that the pressure exceeds the normal threshold, the A0 airbag will deflate appropriately to reduce the pressure, and at the same time, the A1 ⁇ A2 airbag will be inflated appropriately to increase the bearing capacity of the neck and spine;
  • the 2 B airbags When the pressure sensors on the left and right sides of the scapular B airbags detect that the pressure exceeds the normal threshold, the 2 B airbags will be appropriately deflated to reduce the pressure, and the A1 ⁇ A2 ⁇ C airbags will be properly inflated to increase the upper spine and lumbar support;
  • the pressure sensors on the left and right sides of the hip D airbags detect that the pressure exceeds the normal threshold, the two D airbags will deflate appropriately to reduce the pressure, and at the same time, the A3 ⁇ A4 ⁇ C airbags will inflate the lower spine and waist.
  • the 2 H airbags When the pressure sensors on the left and right sides of the H airbag on the foot detect that the pressure exceeds the normal threshold, the 2 H airbags will be deflated appropriately to reduce the pressure, and the E ⁇ F ⁇ H airbags will be inflated appropriately to increase the leg bearing capacity.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nursing (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Invalid Beds And Related Equipment (AREA)
  • Mattresses And Other Support Structures For Chairs And Beds (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于卧床老人长期护理的防压疮气囊床垫装置，包括气囊气压控制***和自动充气气囊床垫；自动充气气囊床垫由五部分组成，分别对应人体的头部、肩胛部、臀部、腿部和足部；自动充气气囊床垫由气囊气压控制***控制；自动充气气囊床垫由对应人体不同部位的五部分气囊（1）组成，气囊气压控制***由数据采集***、PLC控制器、气道切换单元、无线通信模块和显示单元五部分组成。该装置能够简单有效的综合压疮易产生点的受压数值、受压时长和皮肤温湿度数值进行分析判断，通过控制相关部位气囊（1）的充气和放气来预防或消除压疮的产生，控制***优良，控制简单，也可以根据配套App进行充放气调整和卧床病人身体数据监测。

Description

一种用于卧床老人长期护理的防压疮气囊床垫装置 技术领域
本发明是一种基于近似人体测量模型和人体测量的通过降低局部压力峰值来预防压疮的气囊床垫装置，主要用于卧床病人的长期护理，属于理疗装置技术领域。
背景技术
随着老龄化进程的加快，为长期卧床老人提供护理服务的问题愈显急迫。第一，我国人口老龄化程度严重。据第六次人口普查的结果表明，截至2010年底，我国已经全面进入老年社会。第二，少子女家庭结构和空巢家庭环境。由于八十年代以来计划生育政策下生育率长期维持较低水平，“四二一”的超小型家庭结构快速增多，传统家庭养老能力急剧降低，城市老人实际空巢率居高不下。第三，应对老龄化的社会经济基础不扎实。目前公共财政能力有限，老年人的平均收入较低，老年人社会服务支付能力不足。第四，老龄化社会服务体系尚未建立。中国社会正处于转型和重构期,相关公共服务的理念和政策边界不明确，老年人寻求适老化服务途径狭窄且缺少针对性，面向不同需求的服务没有层次性。压疮作为长期卧床的并发症之一，具有发生率高、治愈难、疼痛性大的特点，社会需求极大。
关于压疮形成因素，M.Kosiak在<Etiology and pathology of ischemic ulcers>一文中解释了外部压力与时长的关系，1小时内承受600[mmHg]的外部压力或12小时内持续承受150[mmHg]的外部压力会造成压力性溃疡。因此预防压疮产品的思路是减小外部压力和缩短受压时长。减小外部压力的角度上，常见预防方式是减小压强，充气坐垫和充气床垫被广泛利用于减小身体区域承受的外部压力，通常是直管状条配合自动控制的方式，气泵控制充放气以规律切换管状条的硬度，来达到压力管理的功能，但由于个体使用者体重、身高和健康状况等差异，由统一的压力标准控制、自动交替的充气床垫不能对人体压力的变化做适应性调整。缩短受压时长的角度上，常见预防方式是改变坐姿或卧姿，如活动受限的轮椅使用者应该每隔30分钟，让下半身部分离开轮椅至少一分钟；长期卧床的病人则需要在照护人员的帮助下每两小时改变一次身体姿势，以减轻外部压力，但这种频繁的变换***一定会干扰病人睡眠。H.Kawakami在<Development of the“hist”postural change long-term care bed>一文中提出一种可以自动改变卧姿的电动床，结合目前市场常见的自动翻身电动床分析，其问题是体积较大，需要房间面积较大，而且需换掉原本使用的床。
发明内容
本发明提出一种由多个多孔材料制成的弹性气囊组成的新型自动充气气囊床垫，并提出一种用于减小体重造成的局部压力的气囊气压控制***。
一种用于卧床老人长期护理的防压疮气囊床垫装置，该装置包括气囊气压控制***和自动充气气囊床垫；所述自动充气气囊床垫由五部分组成，分别对应人体的头部、肩胛部、臀部、腿部和足部。自动充气气囊床垫连接关系如附图2所示，气囊1嵌套在气囊固定圈2上，一方面便于固定气囊1的位置，另一方面可以避免充放气过程中气囊1受压过度变形。气囊底托3托住气囊1和气囊固定圈2下部，使气囊1与床垫更整体化，避免在床垫内部位移，也便于气道、气管与气囊进行连接，气道4位于气囊底托3的下方，气道4用于储存充气和放气过程中多余的气体，软气管将气道4和气囊1串联连接在一起。床垫5将气囊1、气囊固定圈2、气囊底托3和气道4装载为一体，气囊1的气压控制***设置在床垫5的内部，床垫5的的内部空间填充有乳胶等材料，使用者能够直接使用自动充气气囊床垫。
自动充气气囊床垫由气囊气压控制***控制。自动充气气囊床垫由对应人体不同部位的五部分气囊组成，气囊气压控制***由数据采集***、PLC控制器、气道切换单元、无线通信模块和显示单元五部分组成。气囊气压控制***通过连接在气道上的气管连接到自动充气气囊床垫上，共享气道的气囊最远端设置压力传感器检测气压并反馈至气囊气压控制***，气囊气压控制***控制安装在气管上的电磁阀调整气囊充放气以达到降低关节压力并预防压疮的目的。
依据医学上对于产生压疮部位的统计，将气囊与压疮产生点进行对应。气囊A0对应头部，气囊B对应肩胛部，气囊C对应腰部，气囊D对应臀部，气囊A1、气囊A2、气囊A3、气囊A4对应脊柱，其中A1对应颈椎，A2对应胸椎，A3对应腰椎，A4对应骶骨，气囊E对应大腿部，气囊F对应膝窝，气囊G对应小腿部，气囊H对应足跟部。根据老年人的身高体重统计、人体测量数据及近似人体测量模型，设计气囊1的尺寸形状以对应人体结构，从而最大可能贴合人体。
所述气囊气压控制***由数据采集***、PLC控制器、气道切换单元、无线通信模块和显示单元五部分组成。如附图5所示，数据采集***连接通过端子 AI0-AI7连接至PLC控制器上，气道切换单元与继电器连接，继电器通过DO0-DO15数字量输出接口连接至PLC控制器上，无线通信模块和显示单元通过输出接口连接至PLC控制器上。
数据采集***由压力传感器、温湿度传感器及计时器组成。数据采集***采集气囊内气压值、卧床病人皮肤温湿度数值和时间长度，将采集的数据信号传输到PLC控制器中。提前写入至PLC控制器不同气囊对应关节点的气压安全阈值，对数据采集***采集的数据进行判断，检测到气囊内气压值超出气压安全阈值时，PLC控制器将信号传输到对应的气道切换单元。气道切换单元由电磁阀、气囊和气压机组成。气压机按时冲入一定空气到气道中，接到PLC控制器信号后，对应的数个气囊的电磁阀将打开，进行充气和放气，直到压力传感器检测到气压值回到气压安全阈值时，PLC控制器将发送信号关闭电磁阀。
气囊气压控制***能够自动调整运行和开关，用户也能够通过护理服务App进行个性化设置。卧床老年人的压力数据会自动上传至绑定的App账号上，老人、家属和经授权的照护人员、医生都可以查看老人的监测数据，通过其他绑定护理设备自动检测或手动输入，老年人的其他健康数据也会自动上传形成更加完整的数字健康档案。
***实施流程参见附图6。首先，***在初始过程中，各个气囊会充气到设定好的初始压力值。然后依次判断对应人体不同部位的气囊压力值是否在安全与之范围内。S1：判断对应头部的气囊A0气压是否过大，若超过安全压力阈值，则打开气囊A1和A2的二维三通阀和二位二通阀，让气道中的气体进入到气囊中使气囊加压，气囊A0仅打开二位三通阀，让气囊中的气体进入到气道中时气囊减压；若对应头部的气囊A0气压未超过安全压力阈值则进入下一阶段。S2：头部气囊A0气压正常则判断对应肩胛部的气囊B气压是否过大，若超过安全压力阈值，则打开气囊A1、A2和C的二维三通阀和二位二通阀，让气道中的气体进入到气囊中使气囊加压，使颈椎、胸椎和腰部的气囊适度鼓起承担更多压力，气囊B仅打开二位三通阀，让气囊中的气体进入到气道中时气囊减压；若对应肩胛部的气囊B气压未超过安全压力阈值则进入下一阶段。S3：肩胛部的气囊B气压正常则判断对应骶骨的气囊D气压是否过大，若超过安全压力阈值，则打开气囊A3、A4和C的二维三通阀和二位二通阀，使腰椎和腰部的气囊适度鼓 起承担更多压力，气囊D仅打开二位三通阀，让气囊中的气体进入到气道中时气囊减压；若对骶骨的气囊D气压未超过安全压力阈值则进入下一阶段。S4：骶骨的气囊D压正常则判断对应足跟的气囊H气压是否过大，若超过安全压力阈值，则打开气囊E、F和G的二维三通阀和二位二通阀，使大腿、腿窝和小腿的气囊适度鼓起承担更多压力，气囊H仅打开二位三通阀，让气囊中的气体进入到气道中时气囊减压；若对足跟的气囊H气压未超过安全压力阈值则保持不变。重复S1-S4的4个步骤。
本发明与现有的气垫床相比具有以下的创新点：
1.新的气垫结构。传统气垫床是直管状条，配合气泵自动控制充放气的方式，使气垫床规律的波动来预防压疮。由于人体曲线，平卧位时头部、肩胛部、臀部和足跟是主要受力部位，本发明通过气囊来最大限度地减少体重造成的皮肤压力，气囊的设计根据人体工程学进行，因此可使腰部、腿部分担受力，从源头减小易发生压疮部位产生压疮。
2.新的气囊气压控制***。对于不同人群、人体的不同部位，传统气垫床是无差异性的统一控制充放气，本发明自动充气气囊床垫中的气囊由***独立控制，独立反馈，针对不同部位的压疮产生点，气压控制***根据压力传感器检测到的数据进行应对，不相关气囊不受影响，控制精准。
3.针对适应性强。本发明主要针对老年长期卧床病人，气囊的设计完全依据老年人的人体测量进行，更合适老年人体型，长期卧床病人中老年人占比极高，针对性强更有价值。
4.精准护理有效减小压疮发生可能性。传统护理方式需要每隔1.5小时-2小时给卧床病人翻一次身才能避免产生压疮，本发明对压疮易产生点进行实时压力检测，精准控制关键点受压数值和时长，可延长翻身间隔并减小压疮发生可能性，大大减小卧床病人生活不便之处。
本发明所述的一种通过降低局部压力峰值来预防压疮的气囊床垫装置，结构新颖，方法简便，能够简单有效的综合压疮易产生点的受压数值、受压时长和皮肤温湿度数值进行分析判断，通过控制相关部位气囊的充气和放气来预防或消除压疮的产生，可以有效延长翻身间隔，且控制***优良，控制简单，也可以根据配套App进行充放气调整和卧床病人身体数据监测。
附图说明
图1为本发明的气囊对应疮点示意图
图2为本发明的自动充气气囊床垫结构示意图
图3为本发明的气囊气压控制***图
图4为本发明的气囊气动装置示意图
图5为本发明的PLC I/O点分配与电气接线图
图6为本发明的气囊气动装置程序流程图
图7为本发明的护理服务App架构图
图中：
1.气囊                             4.气道
2.气囊固定圈                       5.床垫
3.气囊底托
具体实施方式
以下结合附图具体说明本发明的气囊床垫装置。
本发明是一种的通过降低局部压力峰值来预防压疮的气囊床垫装置，可以g对不同身高、体重的卧床老人进行适应性降低局部体压来预防压疮，其气囊床垫气压控制***如附图3所示。气囊床垫装置由多孔材料制成的十九个气囊组成，多孔材料允许漏气有助于降低温度和湿度，降低压力峰值、温度和湿度有助于减少压疮的发展。为确定适合每个使用者的最佳气囊压力，本发明将身体各部分分为头部、肩胛部、腰臀部、腿部和脚部五个部分。然后，基于身高体重等人体测量数据及近似的人体测量模型，从每个部分的重量独立地计算每个部分的压力。控制***由PLC作为主控制器，PLC采集压力传感器的压力信号，温湿度传感器的温湿度信号，计时器的时间信号，经过运算比对以后给继电器发送信号控制电磁换向阀的动作以达到控制气囊充气、放气、保压的目的，如附图4所示。由于压力传感器的信号为模拟量信号(电流模拟量信号4～20mA)，所以将PLC的模拟量输入端子AI0-AI7分配给压力传感器的信号输入，PLC的DO0-DO15数字量输出接口分配给继电器，如图5所示。
如附图6所示，当头部A0压力传感器检测到压力超出正常阈值时，A0气囊会适量放气减小压强，同时A1\A2气囊会适量充气增大颈部和脊柱部分的承 力；当肩胛部B气囊左右两侧压力传感器检测到压力超出正常阈值时，2个B气囊会适量放气减小压强，同时A1\A2\C气囊会适量充气增大脊柱上部和腰部承力；当髋部的D气囊左右两侧压力传感器检测到压力超出正常阈值时，2个D气囊会适量放气减小压强，同时A3\A4\C气囊会适量充气增大脊柱下部和腰部的承力；当足部的H气囊左右两侧压力传感器检测到压力超出正常阈值时，2个H气囊会适量放气减小压强，同时E\F\H气囊会适量充气增大腿部承力。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种用于卧床老人长期护理的防压疮气囊床垫装置，其特征在于：该装置包括气囊气压控制***和自动充气气囊床垫；所述自动充气气囊床垫由五部分组成，分别对应人体的头部、肩胛部、臀部、腿部和足部；气囊(1)嵌套在气囊固定圈(2)上，一方面便于固定气囊(1)的位置，另一方面可以避免充放气过程中气囊(1)受压过度变形；气囊底托(3)托住气囊(1)和气囊固定圈(2)下部，使气囊(1)与床垫更整体化，避免在床垫内部位移，也便于气道、气管与气囊进行连接，气道(4)位于气囊底托(3)的下方，气道(4)用于储存充气和放气过程中多余的气体，软气管将气道(4)和气囊(1)串联连接在一起；床垫(5)将气囊(1)、气囊固定圈(2)、气囊底托(3)和气道(4)装载为一体，气囊(1)的气压控制***设置在床垫(5)的内部，床垫(5)的的内部空间填充有乳胶等材料，使用者能够直接使用自动充气气囊床垫；
    自动充气气囊床垫由气囊气压控制***控制；自动充气气囊床垫由对应人体不同部位的五部分气囊组成，气囊气压控制***由数据采集***、PLC控制器、气道切换单元、无线通信模块和显示单元五部分组成；气囊气压控制***通过连接在气道上的气管连接到自动充气气囊床垫上，共享气道的气囊最远端设置压力传感器检测气压并反馈至气囊气压控制***，气囊气压控制***控制安装在气管上的电磁阀调整气囊充放气以达到降低关节压力的目的。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于卧床老人长期护理的防压疮气囊床垫装置，其特征在于：气囊A0对应头部，气囊B对应肩胛部，气囊C对应腰部，气囊D对应臀部，气囊A1、气囊A2、气囊A3、气囊A4对应脊柱，其中A1对应颈椎，A2对应胸椎，A3对应腰椎，A4对应骶骨，气囊E对应大腿部，气囊F对应膝窝，气囊G对应小腿部，气囊H对应足跟部；根据老年人的身高体重统计、人体测量数据及近似人体测量模型，设计气囊(1)的尺寸形状以对应人体结构，从而贴合人体。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于卧床老人长期护理的防压疮气囊床垫装置，其特征在于：所述气囊气压控制***由数据采集***、PLC控制器、气道切换单元、无线通信模块和显示单元五部分组成；数据采集***连接通过端子AI0-AI7连接至PLC控制器上，气道切换单元与继电器连接，继电器通过DO0-DO15数字量输出接口连接至PLC控制器上，无线通信模块和显示单元通 过输出接口连接至PLC控制器上。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种用于卧床老人长期护理的防压疮气囊床垫装置，其特征在于：数据采集***由压力传感器、温湿度传感器及计时器组成；数据采集***采集气囊内气压值、卧床病人皮肤温湿度数值和时间长度，将采集的数据信号传输到PLC控制器中；提前写入至PLC控制器不同气囊对应关节点的气压安全阈值，对数据采集***采集的数据进行判断，检测到气囊内气压值超出气压安全阈值时，PLC控制器将信号传输到对应的气道切换单元；气道切换单元由电磁阀、气囊和气压机组成；气压机按时冲入一定空气到气道中，接到PLC控制器信号后，对应的数个气囊的电磁阀将打开，进行充气和放气，直到压力传感器检测到气压值回到气压安全阈值时，PLC控制器将发送信号关闭电磁阀。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于卧床老人长期护理的防压疮气囊床垫装置，其特征在于：气囊气压控制***能够自动调整运行和开关，用户也能够通过护理服务App进行个性化设置；卧床老年人的压力数据会自动上传至绑定的App账号。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于卧床老人长期护理的防压疮气囊床垫装置，其特征在于：首先，***在初始过程中，各个气囊会充气到设定好的初始压力值；然后依次判断对应人体不同部位的气囊压力值是否在安全与之范围内；S1：判断对应头部的气囊A0气压是否过大，若超过安全压力阈值，则打开气囊A1和A2的二维三通阀和二位二通阀，让气道中的气体进入到气囊中使气囊加压，气囊A0仅打开二位三通阀，让气囊中的气体进入到气道中时气囊减压；若对应头部的气囊A0气压未超过安全压力阈值则进入下一阶段；S2：头部气囊A0气压正常则判断对应肩胛部的气囊B气压是否过大，若超过安全压力阈值，则打开气囊A1、A2和C的二维三通阀和二位二通阀，让气道中的气体进入到气囊中使气囊加压，使颈椎、胸椎和腰部的气囊适度鼓起承担更多压力，气囊B仅打开二位三通阀，让气囊中的气体进入到气道中时气囊减压；若对应肩胛部的气囊B气压未超过安全压力阈值则进入下一阶段；S3：肩胛部的气囊B气压正常则判断对应骶骨的气囊D气压是否过大，若超过安全压力阈值，则打开气囊A3、A4和C的二维三通阀和二位二通阀，使腰椎和腰部的气囊适度鼓起承担更多压力，气囊D仅打开二位三通阀，让气囊中的气体进入到气道中时气囊减压；若 对骶骨的气囊D气压未超过安全压力阈值则进入下一阶段；S4：骶骨的气囊D压正常则判断对应足跟的气囊H气压是否过大，若超过安全压力阈值，则打开气囊E、F和G的二维三通阀和二位二通阀，使大腿、腿窝和小腿的气囊适度鼓起承担更多压力，气囊H仅打开二位三通阀，让气囊中的气体进入到气道中时气囊减压；若对足跟的气囊H气压未超过安全压力阈值则保持不变；重复S1-S4的4个步骤。
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