WO2020232817A1 - 一种刀头结构及切削刀具 - Google Patents

一种刀头结构及切削刀具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020232817A1
WO2020232817A1 PCT/CN2019/096580 CN2019096580W WO2020232817A1 WO 2020232817 A1 WO2020232817 A1 WO 2020232817A1 CN 2019096580 W CN2019096580 W CN 2019096580W WO 2020232817 A1 WO2020232817 A1 WO 2020232817A1
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Prior art keywords
cutting
cutting edge
head structure
cutter head
structure according
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PCT/CN2019/096580
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
颜炳姜
李伟秋
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汇专科技集团股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2020232817A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020232817A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/10—Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
    • B23C5/1009—Ball nose end mills
    • B23C5/1018—Ball nose end mills with permanently fixed cutting inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2210/00—Details of milling cutters
    • B23C2210/03—Cutting heads comprised of different material than the shank irrespective of whether the head is detachable from the shank
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2210/00—Details of milling cutters
    • B23C2210/40—Flutes, i.e. chip conveying grooves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
    • B23C2226/12—Boron nitride
    • B23C2226/125—Boron nitride cubic [CBN]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
    • B23C2226/31—Diamond

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of precision machining tools, in particular to a cutter head structure and a cutting tool including the cutter head structure.
  • the traditional spherical milling cutter has a cutting edge at the top center point.
  • the apex of the tool is usually squeezed or cut to remove the surface material of the workpiece, and the cutting edge at the apex of the tool is more concentrated Therefore, the wear at the apex of the tool is very large; this will lead to serious wear at the apex of the spherical milling cutter when a certain amount of workpiece is processed, so that the surface roughness and contour of the later processed workpiece are significantly worse than that at the beginning When the workpiece is processed in batches, the surface roughness and contour of the processed surface of each workpiece are unstable.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a cutting tool, which has little wear during the machining process and can improve the stability of the surface roughness and contour of the machined surface.
  • the first aspect of the present invention provides a tool head structure for a cutting tool.
  • the tool head structure includes a connecting portion and a cutting edge portion provided at the front end of the connecting portion.
  • the cutting edge portion includes a fixed The cutting body at the front end of the connecting portion and two or more spiral-shaped first cutting edges, the outer surface of the cutting body is an outwardly convex arc surface, and the first cutting edge is provided on the The outer surface of the cutting body, and each of the first cutting edges is located on both sides of the apex of the cutting body, and a first chip flute is defined between two adjacent first cutting edges;
  • the first cutting edge extends from one side of the cutting body to the top area thereof, and then extends to the other side of the cutting body.
  • the outer surface of the cutting body is a hemispherical surface.
  • the material of the cutting edge portion is any one of polycrystalline diamond, single crystal diamond, chemical vapor deposition diamond, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride, ceramic and cemented carbide.
  • both ends of the first cutting edge are provided on the outer surface of the cutting body or both extend to the outer surface of the connecting portion.
  • the helix angle of the first cutting edge is 1° to 80°.
  • the diameter of the cutting body is 0.5 mm to 32 mm
  • the blade width of the first cutting edge is 0.01 to 0.3 mm
  • the groove depth of the first cutting groove is 0.02 mm to 0.5 mm.
  • the distance between two adjacent first cutting edges is 0.02 mm to 0.5 mm.
  • the first cutting edge is provided with a rake angle of -60° to 30°.
  • the rotation direction of the first cutting edge is left-handed or right-handed.
  • the direction of rotation of the first cutting edge is right-handed, and the cutting edge of the first cutting edge is arranged on the right side of the first cutting edge.
  • the first cutting edge and the cutting body are integrally formed.
  • the outer surface of the cutting body is further provided with a plurality of spiral-shaped second cutting edges, and each of the second cutting edges is respectively arranged on the outer side of the two first cutting edges located at the outermost side.
  • a second chip flute is defined between two adjacent second cutting edges and between the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge adjacent thereto;
  • the rotation direction of the second cutting edge is the same as the rotation direction of the first cutting edge.
  • the diameter of the cutting body is 0.5 mm to 32 mm
  • the edge width of the second cutting edge is 0.01 to 0.3 mm
  • the groove depth of the second cutting groove is 0.02 mm to 0.5 mm.
  • the second cutting edge is provided with a rake angle of -60°-30°.
  • one end of the second cutting edge is connected to the first cutting edge, and the other end of the second cutting edge is disposed on the outer surface of the cutting body or extends to the outer surface of the connecting portion.
  • the second cutting edge and the cutting body are integrally formed.
  • the cutting edge portion and the connecting portion are integrally formed, and the cutting edge portion and the connecting portion are made of the same material.
  • the second aspect of the present invention provides a cutting tool, which includes a tool shank and the tool head structure according to any one of the first aspects mounted on the front end of the tool shank, and the rear of the connecting part The end surface is fixedly connected with the front end surface of the tool handle.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the tool head structure includes a connecting portion for connecting with the tool shank and a cutting edge portion provided at the front end of the connecting portion.
  • the cutting edge portion includes a cutting body and vertices respectively provided on the outer surface of the cutting body At least two first cutting edges on both sides, the outer surface of the cutting body is an outwardly convex arc, the first cutting edge is spiral, and the first cutting edge extends from one side of the cutting body to The top area then extends to the other side of the cutting body, thereby forming a cutting edge penetrating the opposite sides of the cutting body;
  • the cutting force is mainly provided by the first cutting edges located on both sides of the apex of the cutting body, and since the first cutting edge passes through the top area of the cutting body and deviates from the apex, there is no cutting at the apex of the cutting body
  • the blade passes through, so the wear of the first cutting edge is small during the milling process, which greatly improves the wear resistance of the cutting tool, so that the surface roughness of the processed workpiece is stable, and the profile of the processed workpiece is not much different.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cutter head structure in the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of A-A in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a top view of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a cutter head structure in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a cutting tool in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • front and rear refer to the end of the cutting tool that is close to the workpiece during use as “front” and the end away from the workpiece as “Rear”.
  • the first aspect of the present invention provides a cutter head structure 100 for cutting tools.
  • the specific implementation of the cutter head structure 100 is as follows:
  • the present embodiment provides a cutter head structure 100 for cutting tools, which includes a connecting portion 10 and a cutting edge portion 20 provided at the front end of the connecting portion 10.
  • the cutting edge portion 20 includes a cutting body 21 fixed at the front end of the connecting portion 10 and two or more spiral-shaped first cutting edges 22.
  • the outer surface of the cutting body 21 is a convex arc surface.
  • the first cutting edges 22 are provided on the outer surface of the cutting body 21, and each of the first cutting edges 22 are respectively located on both sides of the apex of the cutting body 21, one of two adjacent first cutting edges 22 A first chip flute 23 is defined between;
  • the first cutting edge 22 extends from one side of the cutting body 21 to the top area thereof, and then extends to the other side of the cutting body 21.
  • this embodiment provides a cutter head structure 100 for cutting tools.
  • the cutter head structure 100 is mainly used for milling and shaping the curved surfaces of graphite workpieces, especially graphite molds.
  • the cutter head structure 100 rotates to drive each A cutting edge 22 rotates. Since the outer surface of the cutting body 21 is an outwardly convex arc surface, the curved surface is milled on the workpiece by the tangent method. While the first cutting edge 22 rotates, the cutting body 21 drives it to move orbit. , Complete the milling of the entire surface.
  • the cutter head structure 100 in this embodiment is also suitable for processing workpieces of materials such as glass and sapphire.
  • the cutting force is mainly provided by the first cutting edges 22 located on both sides of the apex of the cutting body 21, which can improve the surface roughness of the machined surface; importantly, since the first cutting edge 22 is cut The top area of the main body 21 is deviated from the apex, and no cutting edge passes at the apex of the cutting main body 21. Therefore, the first cutting edge 22 wears less during the milling process, which greatly improves the wear resistance of the cutting tool, so that the machined The surface roughness of the workpiece is stable, and the contour of the finished workpiece is not much different.
  • the stress point is mainly concentrated on the top area of the cutting body 21, in order to prevent the tool from chattering during the milling process, and to ensure that the surface of the curved surface is processed Roughness, the outer surface of the cutting body 21 is a hemispherical surface.
  • each of the first cutting edges 22 is arranged in parallel.
  • the cutting force is mainly concentrated on the top area of the tool.
  • two first cutting edges 22 are provided on the outer surface of the cutting body 21, and the two first cutting edges 22 are located respectively Both sides of the apex of the main body 21 are cut, and the two first cutting edges 22 are arranged in parallel.
  • the two first cutting edges 22 provided can complete the curved surface milling and ensure the surface roughness of the machined surface of the workpiece.
  • the overall material of the cutting edge portion 20 of the cutter head structure 100 is polycrystalline diamond.
  • the integrated polycrystalline diamond structure greatly increases the cutting edge Wear resistance, and there is no easy peeling of the coating, which greatly prolongs the service life of the tool and reduces the number of tool changes during processing; and because of the high hardness and good wear resistance of polycrystalline diamond, it can effectively improve the tool The processing precision and processing efficiency.
  • the material of the cutting edge portion 20 can also be any one of single crystal diamond, chemical vapor deposition diamond, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride, ceramics and cemented carbide, which can also achieve the effect of wear resistance. .
  • both ends of the first cutting edge 22 extend to the outer surface of the connecting portion 10, and the processing range is relatively large; for example, both ends of the first cutting edge 22 can be extended to the connection At the edge of the rear end face of the part 10.
  • the helix angle ⁇ of the first cutting edge 22 is 1° ⁇ 80°.
  • Appropriately increasing the helix angle of the first cutting edge 22 can reduce the cutting force of the tool during the machining process, and the tool is resistant to Strong impact, prevent tool vibration, and ensure better surface processing quality, prolong the service life of cutting tools; based on the above-mentioned spiral angle, the strength, sharpness, cutting force and chip removal of the first cutting edge 22 The speed is very ideal.
  • the distance between the two side surfaces of the first cutting edge 22 is defined as the edge width L of the first cutting edge 22, wherein the diameter D of the cutting body 21 is 0.5 mm to 32 mm, and the The width of a cutting edge 22 is 0.01 to 0.3 mm.
  • the groove depth of the first cutting groove 23 is 0.02mm ⁇ 0.5mm, and the chips after extrusion or cutting can be discharged from the first chip discharge groove 23 , Can improve the surface roughness.
  • the distance between two adjacent first cutting edges 22 is 0.02 mm ⁇ 0.5 mm, which can meet the processing requirements and ensure the smooth discharge of cutting chips.
  • the included angle between the side surface of the first cutting edge 22 with the cutting edge and the normal of the outer surface of the cutting body 21 is the rake angle ⁇ .
  • the rake angle of the first cutting edge 22 is set in the range of -60° ⁇ 30°. Because the cutting edge of the first cutting edge 22 has a rake angle, the tool is sharp and the extrusion wear is small, which can further improve the profile and surface of the workpiece. Stability of roughness.
  • the rotation direction of the first cutting edge 22 is right-handed, and the outflow direction of cutting chips can be changed by changing the rotation direction.
  • the rotation direction of the first cutting edge 22 is right-handed, and the cutting edge of the first cutting edge 22 is arranged on the right side of the first cutting edge 22.
  • first cutting edge 22 and the cutting body 21 are integrally formed, so that a larger number of first cutting edges 22 can be machined on a smaller cutting body 21, making the forming easier and more feasible. Ensure the wear resistance of cutting tools and extend the service life.
  • the outer surface of the cutting body 21 is also provided with a number of spiral second cutting edges 24, Each of the second cutting edges 24 is respectively disposed on the outer side of the two first cutting edges 22 located on the outermost side, between two adjacent second cutting edges 24, and the first cutting edge 22 and A second chip flute 25 is defined between the second cutting edge 24 adjacent thereto; the rotation direction of the second cutting edge 24 is the same as the rotation direction of the first cutting edge 22.
  • the second cutting edge 24 is provided, multiple edges can be used to participate in extrusion grinding to reduce the degree of tool wear, and the rotation direction of the second cutting edge 24 and the first cutting edge 22 are kept consistent, so that the chip removal direction is consistent, which is beneficial to smooth Chip removal can improve the surface roughness of the processed workpiece.
  • one end of the second cutting edge 24 is connected to the first cutting edge 22, and the second cutting edge 24 is alternately connected to the first cutting edge 22, which can effectively ensure the contour of the machined surface; and
  • the other end of the cutting edge 24 extends to the outer surface of the connecting portion 10, and the processing range is relatively large.
  • the diameter of the cutting body 21 is 0.5 mm to 32 mm
  • the blade width of the second cutting edge 24 is 0.01 to 0.3 mm
  • the groove depth of the second cutting groove 25 is 0.02 mm to 0.5 mm.
  • a larger number of second cutting edges 24 are machined on the cutting body 21, thereby improving the surface roughness of the machined surface.
  • the second cutting edge 24 is provided with a rake angle of -60° to 30° to ensure the cutting ability and improve the surface roughness.
  • the second cutting edge 24 and the cutting body 21 are integrally formed, and multiple second cutting edges 24 can be designed according to usage requirements.
  • the cutting edge portion 20 and the connecting portion 10 are integrally formed, which can be easily formed, and the cutting edge portion 20 and the connecting portion 10 are made of the same material.
  • this embodiment provides another cutter head structure 100.
  • the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is only that: both ends of the first cutting edge 22 are provided on the cutting body 21
  • One end of the second cutting edge 24 is connected to the first cutting edge 22, and the other end of the second cutting edge 24 is provided on the outer surface of the first cutting body 21.
  • both ends of the first cutting edge 22 are provided at the connection between the cutting body 21 and the connecting portion 10; one end of the second cutting edge 24 is connected to the first cutting edge 22, and the second cutting edge The other end of the 24 is provided at the connection between the cutting body 21 and the connecting portion 10.
  • the second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention provides a cutting tool.
  • the cutting tool includes a tool shank 200 and a tool shank 200 mounted on the front end of the tool shank 200 as in the first aspect.
  • the rear end surface of the connecting portion 10 is fixedly connected to the front end surface of the cutter handle 200.
  • the cutting tool of the present invention includes the cutter head structure 100 as described in any one of the embodiments of the first aspect, it has all the beneficial effects of the cutter head structure 100 and will not be described here.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide a cutter head structure and a cutting tool including the cutter head structure.
  • the cutter head structure includes a connecting portion for connecting with the tool shank and a cutting edge portion provided at the front end of the connecting portion.
  • the portion includes a cutting body and at least two first cutting edges respectively provided on both sides of the apex of the outer surface of the cutting body.
  • the outer surface of the cutting body is a convex arc surface, the first cutting edge is spiral, and the The first cutting edge extends from one side of the cutting body to its top area and then to the other side of the cutting body; in the present invention, in the milling process, the cutting force is mainly located on both sides of the apex of the cutting body
  • the first cutting edge is provided, and because the first cutting edge passes through the top area of the cutting body and deviates from the apex, there is no cutting edge at the apex of the cutting body, so the wear of the first cutting edge is small during the milling process, which greatly improves
  • the wear resistance of the cutting tool makes the surface roughness of the processed workpiece stable, and the profile of the processed workpiece is not much different.

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Abstract

本发明涉及精密加工工具技术领域，公开了一种切削刀具及其刀头结构，该刀头结构包括连接部及设于所述连接部前端的切削刃部，所述切削刃部包括固定在所述连接部前端的切削主体及两个或两个以上呈螺旋状的第一切削刃，所述切削主体的外表面为向外凸起的弧面，所述第一切削刃设于所述切削主体的外表面，且各所述第一切削刃分别位于所述切削主体的顶点的两侧，相邻两个所述第一切削刃之间限定有第一排屑槽；所述第一切削刃从所述切削主体的一侧延伸至其顶部区域后，再延伸至所述切削主体的另一侧。本发明的有益效果为：第一切削刃贯通切削主体的两侧且偏离切削主体的顶点，能够提高刀具的耐磨性，从而保证加工表面的轮廓度及表面粗糙度的稳定性。

Description

一种刀头结构及切削刀具 技术领域
本发明涉及精密加工工具技术领域，特别是涉及一种刀头结构及包括该刀头结构的切削刀具。
背景技术
传统的球形铣刀的顶部中心点处设有切削刃，利用球形铣刀在铣削曲面时，通常刀具顶点处靠挤压或者切削以去除工件的表面材料，刀具顶点处的切削刃受力较集中，因而刀具顶点处的磨损很大；这将导致，当加工一定量的工件后，由于球形铣刀顶点处的磨损严重，使得后面加工的工件的表面粗糙度及轮廓度均明显差于刚开始所加工的工件，当批量加工工件时，各工件的加工表面的表面粗糙度及轮廓度不稳定。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种切削刀具，在加工过程中刀具的磨损小，可提高加工表面的表面粗糙度及轮廓度的稳定性。
为了实现上述目的，本发明的第一方面提供一种用于切削刀具的刀头结构，该刀头结构包括连接部及设于所述连接部前端的切削刃部，所述切削刃部包括固定在所述连接部前端的切削主体及两个或两个以上呈螺旋状的第一切削刃，所述切削主体的外表面为向外凸起的弧面，所述第一切削刃设于所述切削主体的外表面，且各所述第一切削刃分别位于所述切削主体的顶点的两侧，相邻两个所述第一切削刃之间限定有第一排屑槽；
所述第一切削刃从所述切削主体的一侧延伸至其顶部区域后，再延伸至所述切削主体的另一侧。
作为优选方案，所述切削主体的外表面呈半球面。
作为优选方案，所述切削刃部的材质为聚晶金刚石、单晶金刚石、化学气相沉积金刚石、聚晶立方氮化硼、陶瓷及硬质合金中的任一种。
作为优选方案，所述第一切削刃的两端均设置于所述切削主体的外表面或者均延伸至所述连接部的外侧面。
作为优选方案，所述第一切削刃的螺旋角为1°～80°。
作为优选方案，所述切削主体的直径为0.5mm～32mm，所述第一切削刃的刃宽为0.01～0.3mm，所述第一切削槽的槽深0.02mm～0.5mm。
作为优选方案，相邻两个所述第一切削刃之间的距离为0.02mm～0.5mm。
作为优选方案，所述第一切削刃设置有-60°～30°的前角。
作为优选方案，所述第一切削刃的旋向为左旋或者右旋。
作为优选方案，所述第一切削刃的旋向为右旋，所述第一切削刃的刃口设置在所述第一切削刃的右侧。
作为优选方案，所述第一切削刃与所述切削主体采用一体成型。
作为优选方案，所述切削主体的外表面还设有若干呈螺旋状的第二切削刃，各所述第二切削刃分别设置于位于最外侧的两个所述第一切削刃的外侧，相邻两个所述第二切削刃之间、以及所述第一切削刃和与其相邻的所述第二切削刃之间限定有第二排屑槽；
所述第二切削刃的旋向与所述第一切削刃的旋向相同。
作为优选方案，所述切削主体的直径为0.5mm～32mm，所述第二切削刃的刃宽为0.01～0.3mm，所述第二切削槽的槽深0.02mm～0.5mm。
作为优选方案，所述第二切削刃设置有-60°～30°的前角。
作为优选方案，所述第二切削刃的一端与所述第一切削刃连接，所述第二切削刃的另一端设置于所述切削主体的外表面或者延伸至所述连接部的外侧面。
作为优选方案，所述第二切削刃与所述切削主体采用一体成型。
作为优选方案，所述切削刃部与所述连接部采用一体成型，且所 述切削刃部与所述连接部的材质相同。
同样的目的，本发明第二方面提供一种切削刀具，其包括刀具柄部及安装于所述刀具柄部前端的如第一方面任一项所述的刀头结构，所述连接部的后端面与所述刀具柄部的前端面固定相连。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明实施例的切削刀具，其刀头结构包括用于与刀具柄部连接的连接部及设于连接部前端的切削刃部，切削刃部包括切削主体及分别设于切削主体外表面的顶点两侧的至少两个第一切削刃，切削主体的外表面呈向外凸起的弧面，第一切削刃为螺旋状，且所述第一切削刃从所述切削主体的一侧延伸至其顶部区域后再延伸至所述切削主体的另一侧，由此形成了贯通切削主体相对的两侧的切削刃；
本发明中，在铣削过程中，切削力主要依靠位于切削主体的顶点两侧的第一切削刃提供，且由于第一切削刃经过切削主体的顶部区域且偏离顶点，切削主体的顶点处无切削刃经过，因此在铣削过程中第一切削刃的磨损小，大幅度提高了切削刀具的耐磨性，从而使加工出来的工件的表面粗糙度稳定，所加工的工件轮廓度相差不大。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例一中一种刀头结构的结构示意图；
图2是图1的A-A局部剖视图；
图3是图1的俯视图；
图4是本发明实施例二中一种刀头结构的结构示意图；
图5是本发明实施例中一种切削刀具的结构示意图。
图中：100、刀头结构；
10、连接部；20、切削刃部；21、切削主体；22、第一切削刃；23、第一排屑槽；24、第二切削刃；25、第二排屑槽；
200、刀具柄部。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“顶”、“底”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。应当理解的是，本发明中采用术语“第一”、“第二”等来描述各种信息，但这些信息不应限于这些术语，这些术语仅用来将同一类型的信息彼此区分开。例如，在不脱离本发明范围的情况下，“第一”信息也可以被称为“第二”信息，类似的，“第二”信息也可以被称为“第一”信息。
另外，需要说明的是，本发明的描述中，术语“前”和“后”指的是，切削刀具在使用过程时，靠近于加工工件的一端为“前”，背离加工工件的一端为“后”。
本发明的第一方面提供一种用于切削刀具的刀头结构100，刀头结构100的具体实施方式如下：
实施例一
如图1-图3所示，本实施例提供一种用于切削刀具的刀头结构100，其包括连接部10及设于所述连接部10前端的切削刃部20，所述切削刃部20包括固定在所述连接部10前端的切削主体21及两个或两个以上呈螺旋状的第一切削刃22，所述切削主体21的外表面为向外凸起的弧面，所述第一切削刃22设于所述切削主体21的外表面，且各所述第一切削刃22分别位于所述切削主体21的顶点的两侧，相邻两个所述第一切削刃22之间限定有第一排屑槽23；
所述第一切削刃22从所述切削主体21的一侧延伸至其顶部区域后，再延伸至所述切削主体21的另一侧。
基于上述技术方案，本实施例中提供一种用于切削刀具的刀头结构100，该刀头结构100主要用于对石墨工件特别是石墨模具的曲面铣 削成型，刀头结构100旋转带动各第一切削刃22旋转，由于切削主体21的外表面为向外凸起的弧面，从而用相切法在工件上铣削曲面，第一切削刃22旋转的同时，切削主体21带动其进行轨迹运动，完成整个曲面的铣削。
同样地，本实施例中的刀头结构100还可适用于玻璃、蓝宝石等材料的工件加工。
本实施例中，在铣削过程中，切削力主要依靠位于切削主体21顶点两侧的第一切削刃22提供，能够提高加工表面的表面粗糙度；重要的是，由于第一切削刃22经过切削主体21的顶部区域且偏离顶点，切削主体21的顶点处无切削刃经过，因此在铣削过程中第一切削刃22的磨损小，大幅度提高了切削刀具的耐磨性，从而使加工出来的工件的表面粗糙度稳定，各加工完成的工件轮廓度相差不大。
优选地，本实施例中，进一步地，在利用铣刀铣削曲面时，受力点主要集中于切削主体21的顶部区域，为了防止刀具在铣削过程中发生颤刀现象，且保证加工曲面的表面粗糙度，所述切削主体21的外表面呈半球面。
示例性地，为了保持刀具的切削稳定性，各所述第一切削刃22平行设置。
利用该刀具铣削曲面时，切削力主要集中在刀具的顶部区域，优选地，本实施例中，在切削本体21的外表面设置两个第一切削刃22，两个第一切削刃22分别位于切削主体21的顶点的两侧，且两个第一切削刃22平行设置，通过设置的两个第一切削刃22便能够完成曲面铣削且保证工件的加工表面的表面粗糙度。
优选地，本实施例中，所述刀头结构100的切削刃部20整体材质为聚晶金刚石，整体式聚晶金刚石结构相对于传统的涂层铣刀来说，大幅度增加了切削刃的耐磨性能，且不存在涂层易剥落的情况，使得刀具的使用寿命大幅度延长，减少加工过程中的换刀次数；且由于聚晶金刚石的硬度高、耐磨性好，可有效提高刀具的加工精度及加工效率。
作为可替换方案，所述切削刃部20的材质还可以为单晶金刚石、化学气相沉积金刚石、聚晶立方氮化硼、陶瓷及硬质合金中的任一种，同样可以达到耐磨的效果。
本实施例中，所述第一切削刃22的两端均延伸至所述连接部10的外侧面，加工范围较大；示例性地，可将第一切削刃22的两端均延伸至连接部10的后端面边缘处。
参阅附图3所示，所述第一切削刃22的螺旋角α为1°～80°，适当增加第一切削刃22的螺旋角度能够让刀具在加工过程中的切削力减小，刀具抗冲击性强，防止振刀，并能保证更好的表面加工质量，延长切削刀具的使用寿命；基于上述的螺旋角度下，第一切削刃22的强度、锋利程度、切削力的大小及排屑速度均十分理想。
如图3所示，将第一切削刃22的两侧面之间的距离定义为第一切削刃22的刃宽L，其中，所述切削主体21的直径D为0.5mm～32mm，所述第一切削刃22的刃宽为0.01～0.3mm。
进一步地，为了避免切削屑留在加工工件表面导致重复挤压，所述第一切削槽23的槽深0.02mm～0.5mm，挤压或者切削后的切削屑能够从第一排屑槽23排出，能够提高表面粗糙度。
本实施例中，优选地，相邻两个所述第一切削刃22之间的距离为0.02mm～0.5mm，能够满足加工要求且可保证顺利排出切削屑。
参阅附图2所示，沿第一切削刃22的A-A剖视图观察，第一切削刃22设置有刃口的侧面和切削主体21外表面的法线之间的夹角为前角β，所述第一切削刃22的前角设置范围为-60°～30°，由于第一切削刃22的刃口具有前角，刀具锋利，挤压磨损小，能够进一步提高工件加工表面的轮廓度及表面粗糙度的稳定性。
本实施例中，所述第一切削刃22的旋向为右旋，通过改变旋向能够改变切削屑流出的方向。
具体地，本实施例中，所述第一切削刃22的旋向为右旋，所述第一切削刃22的刃口设置在所述第一切削刃22的右侧。
本实施例中，所述第一切削刃22与所述切削主体21采用一体成型，从而能够在较小的切削主体21上加工较多数量的第一切削刃22，使得成型更加简单，且可保证切削刀具的耐磨性以及延长使用寿命。
本实施例中，为了进一步提高刀头结构100的耐磨性，以延长使用寿命，同时提高排屑能力，所述切削主体21的外表面还设有若干呈螺旋状的第二切削刃24，各所述第二切削刃24分别设置于位于最外侧的两个所述第一切削刃22的外侧，相邻两个所述第二切削刃24之间、以及所述第一切削刃22和与其相邻的所述第二切削刃24之间限定有第二排屑槽25；所述第二切削刃24的旋向与所述第一切削刃22的旋向相同。由于设置有第二切削刃24，可通过多刃参与挤压磨削，降低刀具磨损程度，且第二切削刃24与第一切削刃22的旋向保持一致，使得排屑方向一致，利于顺利排屑，可提高加工工件的表面粗糙度。
具体地，所述第二切削刃24的一端与所述第一切削刃22连接，第二切削刃24与第一切削刃22交错连接，能够有效保证加工表面的轮廓度；且所述第二切削刃24的另一端延伸至所述连接部10的外侧面，加工范围较大。
具体地，所述切削主体21的直径为0.5mm～32mm，所述第二切削刃24的刃宽均为0.01～0.3mm，所述第二切削槽25的槽深0.02mm～0.5mm，能够在切削主体21上加工较多数量的第二切削刃24，从而提高加工表面的表面粗糙度。
同样地，参照上述对第一切削刃22的前角β的描述，所述第二切削刃24设置有-60°～30°的前角，保证切削能力，提高表面粗糙度。
为了便于成型，同时为了确保切削刀具的耐磨性能以及使用寿命，所述第二切削刃24与所述切削主体21采用一体成型，可根据使用需求设计多个第二切削刃24。
进一步地，所述切削刃部20与所述连接部10采用一体成型，能够便于成型，且切削刃部20与连接部10的材质相同。
实施例二
具体参阅附图4所示，本实施例提供另一种刀头结构100，本实施例与实施例一的区别仅在于：所述第一切削刃22的两端均设于所述切削主体21的外表面上；所述第二切削刃24的一端与所述第一切削刃22连接，所述第二切削刃24的另一端设于所述第一切削主体21的外表面。
示例性地，本实施例中，第一切削刃22的两端均设于切削主体21与连接部10的连接处；第二切削刃24的一端与第一切削刃22连接，第二切削刃24的另一端设于切削主体21与连接部10的连接处。
同样的目的，本发明实施例的第二方面提供一种切削刀具，具体请参阅附图5所示，该切削刀具包括刀具柄部200及安装于所述刀具柄部200前端的如第一方面任一实施例中的刀头结构100，所述连接部10的后端面与所述刀具柄部200的前端面固定相连。
本发明的切削刀具，由于包括如第一方面任一实施例所述的刀头结构100，因此，具有所述刀头结构100的全部有益效果，在此不作一一陈述。
综上，本发明实施例提供一种刀头结构及包括该刀头结构的切削刀具，刀头结构包括用于与刀具柄部连接的连接部及设于连接部前端的切削刃部，切削刃部包括切削主体及分别设于切削主体外表面的顶点两侧的至少两个第一切削刃，切削主体的外表面呈向外凸起的弧面，第一切削刃为螺旋状，且所述第一切削刃从所述切削主体的一侧延伸至其顶部区域后再延伸至所述切削主体的另一侧；本发明中，在铣削过程中，切削力主要依靠位于切削主体的顶点两侧的第一切削刃提供，且由于第一切削刃经过切削主体的顶部区域且偏离顶点，切削主体的顶点处无切削刃经过，因此在铣削过程中第一切削刃的磨损小，大幅度提高了切削刀具的耐磨性，从而使加工出来的工件的表面粗糙度稳定，所加工的工件轮廓度相差不大。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和替换，这些改进和替换也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种刀头结构，其特征在于，包括连接部及设于所述连接部前端的切削刃部，所述切削刃部包括固定在所述连接部前端的切削主体及两个或两个以上呈螺旋状的第一切削刃，所述切削主体的外表面为向外凸起的弧面，所述第一切削刃设于所述切削主体的外表面，且各所述第一切削刃分别位于所述切削主体的顶点的两侧，相邻两个所述第一切削刃之间限定有第一排屑槽；
    所述第一切削刃从所述切削主体的一侧延伸至其顶部区域后，再延伸至所述切削主体的另一侧。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的刀头结构，其特征在于，所述切削主体的外表面呈半球面。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的刀头结构，其特征在于，各所述第一切削刃平行设置。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的刀头结构，其特征在于，所述切削刃部的材质为聚晶金刚石、单晶金刚石、化学气相沉积金刚石、聚晶立方氮化硼、陶瓷及硬质合金中的任一种。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的刀头结构，其特征在于，所述第一切削刃的两端均设置于所述切削主体的外表面或者均延伸至所述连接部的外侧面。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的刀头结构，其特征在于，所述第一切削刃的螺旋角为1°～80°。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的刀头结构，其特征在于，所述切削主体的直径为0.5mm～32mm，所述第一切削刃的刃宽为0.01～0.3mm，所述第一切削槽的槽深0.02mm～0.5mm。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的刀头结构，其特征在于，相邻两个所述第一切削刃之间的距离为0.02mm～0.5mm。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的刀头结构，其特征在于，所述第一切削刃 设置有-60°～30°的前角。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的刀头结构，其特征在于，所述第一切削刃的旋向为左旋或者右旋。
  11. 如权利要求11所述的刀头结构，其特征在于，所述第一切削刃的旋向为右旋，所述第一切削刃的刃口设置在所述第一切削刃的右侧。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的刀头结构，其特征在于，所述第一切削刃与所述切削主体采用一体成型。
  13. 如权利要求1-12任一项所述的刀头结构，其特征在于，所述切削主体的外表面还设有若干呈螺旋状的第二切削刃，各所述第二切削刃分别设置于位于最外侧的两个所述第一切削刃的外侧，相邻两个所述第二切削刃之间、以及所述第一切削刃和与其相邻的所述第二切削刃之间均限定有第二排屑槽；
    所述第二切削刃的旋向与所述第一切削刃的旋向相同。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的刀头结构，其特征在于，所述第二切削刃的一端与所述第一切削刃连接，所述第二切削刃的另一端设置于所述切削主体的外表面或者延伸至所述连接部的外侧面。
  15. 如权利要求13所述的刀头结构，其特征在于，所述切削主体的直径为0.5mm～32mm，所述第二切削刃的刃宽为0.01～0.3mm，所述第二切削槽的槽深0.02mm～0.5mm。
  16. 如权利要求13所述的刀头结构，其特征在于，所述第二切削刃设置有-60°～30°的前角。
  17. 如权利要求13所述的刀头结构，其特征在于，所述第二切削刃与所述切削主体采用一体成型。
  18. 如权利要求1所述的刀头结构，其特征在于，所述切削刃部与所述连接部采用一体成型，且所述切削刃部与所述连接部的材质相同。
  19. 一种切削刀具，其特征在于，包括刀具柄部及安装于所述刀 具柄部前端的如权利要求1-18中任一项所述的刀头结构，所述连接部的后端面与所述刀具柄部的前端面固定相连。
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