WO2020224521A1 - Coaxial powder feeding nozzle capable of pneumatically adjusting powder flow focus - Google Patents

Coaxial powder feeding nozzle capable of pneumatically adjusting powder flow focus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020224521A1
WO2020224521A1 PCT/CN2020/088120 CN2020088120W WO2020224521A1 WO 2020224521 A1 WO2020224521 A1 WO 2020224521A1 CN 2020088120 W CN2020088120 W CN 2020088120W WO 2020224521 A1 WO2020224521 A1 WO 2020224521A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
powder feeding
cavity
powder
coaxial
adjusting
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PCT/CN2020/088120
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘昊
孙世峰
张彤
刘健
杜晓彤
李晓佳
郜文鹏
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中国矿业大学
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Application filed by 中国矿业大学 filed Critical 中国矿业大学
Priority to RU2020141098A priority Critical patent/RU2760490C1/en
Publication of WO2020224521A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020224521A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/30—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/12—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P6/00—Restoring or reconditioning objects
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of advanced laser manufacturing, and in particular relates to a coaxial powder feeding nozzle capable of pneumatically adjusting the powder converging point.
  • the preparation of high-performance alloy coatings on the surface of key parts is of great significance for improving the service life of parts and the reliability of mechanical products.
  • the alloy coating prepared by synchronous powder feeding laser cladding technology has the advantages of high bonding strength, low dilution rate, small heat-affected zone and small thermal deformation of parts, strong material adaptability, and easy automatic production. Therefore, the synchronous powder feeding laser cladding technology has gradually become a widely used material surface modification technology.
  • the coaxial powder feeding nozzle is the key component to realize the coaxial powder feeding method.
  • the coaxial powder feeding nozzle mainly relies on the conical ring-shaped powder feeding cavity to realize the concentration of the powder flow under the nozzle with a certain powder outlet angle.
  • the focal point of the powder flow depends on the structural parameters of the nozzle, such as the cone angle of the powder feeding cavity.
  • the focal point of the powder flow is not adjustable, which affects the application of the coaxial powder feeding method on the surface of complex shapes. Therefore, the design of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle with the function of adjusting the focal point of the powder flow is of great significance for expanding the application of laser cladding technology.
  • the coaxial powder feeding nozzle that can adjust the focal point of the powder flow converge uses a mechanical transmission method to change the powder outflow angle, which is a mechanical adjustment method.
  • the present invention provides a coaxial powder feeding nozzle that pneumatically adjusts the focal point of the powder flow confluence, so as to realize the adjustable focal point of the powder confluence.
  • a coaxial powder feeding nozzle that adjusts the focus point of powder flow in a pneumatic way, comprising a laser head, a sleeve, a coaxial powder feeding head, a powder feeding cavity, a water cooling jacket, and a water cooling cavity.
  • the lower part of the laser head is connected to the sleeve and the sleeve
  • a coaxial powder feeding head is connected below the barrel;
  • a focusing lens is arranged above the sleeve for focusing the parallel laser beam;
  • a protective lens is arranged on the upper end of the coaxial powder feeding head to prevent suspended particles from entering the sleeve and polluting the laser
  • the powder feeding cavity is a conical annular cavity formed between the outer wall of the coaxial powder feeding head and the water cooling jacket.
  • the powder feeding cavity is divided into an inner cavity and an outer cavity by a separating plate and an adjustment paddle.
  • the inner cavity It is an annular cavity formed by the inner side of the isolating plate and the outer wall of the coaxial powder feeding head.
  • the outer cavity is an annular cavity formed by the outer side of the isolating plate and the inner side of the powder feeding cavity; the inner cavity is used for conveying powder-carrying air flow, and the upper part of the inner cavity It is connected with several evenly spaced powder inlets.
  • the powder inlet is used to connect with the powder-carrying gas flow pipe so that the powder-carrying gas flow enters the inner cavity of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle through the powder inlet;
  • the outer cavity is a protective gas channel ,
  • the upper part of the outer cavity is connected with a number of evenly spaced air inlets.
  • the air inlet is used to connect with the protective airflow pipe so that the protective airflow enters the outer cavity of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle through the air inlet;
  • the water-cooled cavity is water-cooled
  • the annular cavity formed by the inner wall of the sleeve and the outer wall of the powder feeding cavity, the water cooling cavity is connected with the water inlet and the water outlet;
  • the adjusting paddles are multiple, evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, and connected to the lower end of the isolation plate, the adjusting paddles It can be deflected relative to the coaxial powder feed head.
  • the powder feeding cavity, sleeve, and laser head are respectively connected with the coaxial powder feeding head through threads.
  • isolation plate is a tapered sleeve.
  • the adjusting paddle is a trapezoidal arc-shaped piece, and a section perpendicular to the height direction of the trapezoid is arc-shaped.
  • the adjustment paddle is connected to the isolation plate through a mechanical hinge or a fixed combination, and the deflection method of the adjustment paddle is mechanical deflection or elastic deflection.
  • the principle of the present invention is that the adjustment of the focal point of the powder flow pool in the present invention is achieved by deflection of the adjustment paddle in a pneumatic manner.
  • the adjustment paddle when the powder is transported by a certain inner cavity powder-carrying airflow, the adjustment paddle corresponds to an initial deflection angle, and the powder flow below the coaxial nozzle converges at an initial convergent focal point.
  • the adjustment paddles With the gradual increase of the flow rate of the shielding gas in the outer cavity, the adjustment paddles are gradually mechanically deflected or elastically deflected to the outside, so that the focal point of the powder flow is gradually moved downward from the initial focal point.
  • the advantages of the present invention mainly include:
  • the coaxial powder feeding nozzle of the present invention adopts a pneumatic way to realize the adjustment of the focal point of the powder.
  • the control method of powder flow convergence is simple and effective, fast response speed, high reliability and sensitivity, large adjustment range of the powder flow convergence focus point, and continuous stepless adjustment of the powder flow convergence focus distance.
  • the coaxial powder feeding nozzle of the present invention uses the deflection of the adjustment paddle to control the focal point of the powder flow, which makes the mechanical structure simple and compact, small in size, and light in weight, reduces the inertia of the motion device for installing the coaxial nozzle, and is beneficial in The cladding is carried out at a higher speed, which improves the production efficiency.
  • the powder flow delivered by the coaxial powder feeding nozzle of the present invention converges under the synergistic effect of the inner cavity airflow and the outer cavity airflow.
  • the external cavity airflow also acts as a powder beam for the powder flow.
  • the concentration of the powder flow at the focal point is high, which improves the powder utilization rate and reduces the production cost.
  • the deflection action of the adjustment paddle in the coaxial powder feeding nozzle of the present invention can simultaneously prevent powder from blocking the nozzle outlet, has a self-cleaning effect, and is beneficial to prolong the service life of the nozzle.
  • the movable adjusting device is simple (especially the elastic deflection method), the maintenance of the nozzle is convenient.
  • the coaxial powder feeding nozzle of the present invention has high flexibility and strong adaptability to different working conditions. When laser cladding or laser repair is performed on uneven surfaces or surfaces with complex structures, it is necessary to ensure that the focal point of the powder pool coincides with the cladding position. Cooperating with the feedback signal of the molten pool position, the coaxial powder feeding nozzle of the present invention can realize on-line regulation and closed-loop control of the powder converging point during processing.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the adjustment paddle
  • Fig. 3 is a top sectional view of Fig. 1 at A-A.
  • a coaxial powder feeding nozzle for pneumatically adjusting the focal point of the powder flow of the present invention includes a laser head 1, a sleeve 3, a coaxial powder feeding head 5, an isolation plate 8, and an adjustment dial. Sheet 11, powder feeding cavity, water cooling jacket 12 and water cooling cavity 14.
  • the sleeve 3 is connected below the laser head 1.
  • the laser head 1 and the sleeve 3 are connected by 4 bolts evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.
  • the coaxial powder feeding head 5 is connected below the sleeve 3.
  • the coaxial powder feeding head 5 and the sleeve 3 are connected by 4 bolts evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.
  • a focusing mirror 2 is arranged above the sleeve 3 for focusing the parallel laser beam.
  • the upper end of the coaxial powder feeding head 5 is provided with a protective mirror 4 to prevent suspended micro-particles from entering the sleeve 3 and polluting the laser head 1.
  • the powder feeding cavity is a tapered ring-shaped cavity formed between the outer wall of the coaxial powder feeding head 5 and the water cooling jacket 12.
  • the powder feeding cavity is divided into an inner cavity 6 and an outer cavity 9 by a separating plate 8 and an adjusting paddle 11.
  • the inner cavity 6 is an annular cavity formed by the inner side of the isolating plate 8 and the outer wall of the coaxial powder feeding head 5.
  • the inner cavity 6 is used for conveying the powder-carrying air flow.
  • the upper part of the inner cavity 6 is connected with 4 evenly distributed powder inlets 7, and the powder inlet 7 is used to connect with the powder-carrying airflow pipe, so that the powder-carrying airflow enters the same through the powder inlet 7
  • the outer cavity 9 is an annular cavity formed by the outer side of the isolation plate 8 and the inner side of the powder feeding cavity.
  • the outer cavity 9 is a protective gas channel.
  • the upper part of the outer cavity 9 is connected with 4 evenly distributed air inlets 10, which are used for It is connected with the protective air flow pipe so that the protective air flow enters the outer cavity 9 of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle through the air inlet 10.
  • the water cooling cavity 14 is an annular cavity formed by the inner wall of the water cooling jacket 12 and the outer wall of the powder feeding cavity.
  • the water cooling cavity 14 is connected with a water inlet 13 and a water outlet 15.
  • the cooling water in the water cooling jacket 12 passes through the water inlet 13 and the water outlet 15 in the water cooling
  • the flow in the cavity 14 reduces the temperature at the nozzle outlet position.
  • adjustment paddles 11 are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction and connected to the lower end of the isolation plate 8.
  • the adjustment paddles 11 can be deflected relative to the coaxial powder feeding head 5. By adjusting the deflection of the paddle 11, the focus point of the powder flow pool is adjusted.
  • the adjusting paddle 11 is connected to the isolation plate 8 through a mechanical hinge or a fixed combination.
  • the deflection modes of the corresponding adjusting paddle are mechanical deflection and elastic deflection respectively.
  • the corresponding adjusting paddle material has the characteristics of high thermal conductivity and high elasticity.
  • the adjustment paddle 11 and the isolation plate 8 are connected by a hinge.
  • the adjusting paddle 11 is a trapezoidal arc-shaped piece, and the section perpendicular to the height of the trapezoid is arc-shaped, and the side length of one end connected to the isolation plate 8 is greater than the side length of the opposite end.
  • a compensation interval of 1-2 mm is left between adjacent adjusting paddles 11. It can prevent the adjustment paddles 11 from obstructing each other or colliding with each other during continuous deflection.
  • protruding parts 111 on both sides of the adjusting paddle 11 which are used as a synchronous coordination structure to ensure that the deflection angles of the evenly distributed adjusting paddles 11 are consistent, and play a role of mutual restraint.
  • the compensation interval between the adjustment paddles 11 is 2 mm; the thickness of the upper end and the lower end of the adjustment paddle 11 are 0.4 mm and 0.2 mm, respectively.
  • the material of the adjusting paddle 11 is copper T2.
  • the isolation plate 8 is a tapered sleeve, and is made of high-temperature resistant materials, such as heat-resistant alloy steel, high-temperature alloy, and ceramic materials.
  • the material of the isolation plate is high-temperature alloy GH1015, and the thickness is selected as 0.5 mm.
  • the isolation plate 8 and the coaxial powder feeding head 5 are connected by threads.
  • the adjustment paddle 11 While keeping the flow rate of the gas and powder in the inner cavity 6 constant, by adjusting the flow rate of the shielding gas in the outer cavity 9, the adjustment paddle 11 is deflected to the inside or outside, so as to realize the adjustment of the powder flow converging spots. Specifically, as the flow rate of the shielding gas in the outer cavity 9 gradually increases, the adjusting paddle 11 is gradually mechanically deflected to the outside, so that the convergent focal point of the powder flow is gradually moved downward from the initial convergent focal point.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is a coaxial powder feeding nozzle capable of pneumatically adjusting a powder flow focus. The nozzle comprises a laser head, a sleeve, a coaxial powder feeding head, a powder feeding cavity, a water cooling sleeve, and a water cooling cavity. The sleeve is connected below the laser head. The coaxial powder feeding head is connected below the sleeve. A focus lens is provided above the sleeve. A protective lens is provided at an upper end of the coaxial powder feeding head. The powder feeding cavity is a conical annular cavity formed between an outer wall of the coaxial powder feeding head and the water cooling sleeve. The powder feeding cavity is divided by a partition plate and an adjustment piece into an inner cavity and an outer cavity. The water cooling cavity is connected to a water inlet and a water outlet. Multiple adjustment pieces are provided, are evenly distributed along a circumferential direction, and are connected to a lower end of the partition plate. The adjustment piece can be deflected relative to the coaxial powder feeding head. The coaxial powder feeding nozzle of the present invention pneumatically adjusts the powder flow focus, has a simple structure, is highly responsive, and has a wide adjustment range.

Description

一种采用气动方式调节粉末流汇聚焦点的同轴送粉喷嘴A coaxial powder feeding nozzle adopting pneumatic way to adjust the focus point of powder flow 技术领域Technical field
本发明属于激光先进制造领域，具体涉及一种可气动调节粉末汇聚焦点的同轴送粉喷嘴。The invention belongs to the field of advanced laser manufacturing, and in particular relates to a coaxial powder feeding nozzle capable of pneumatically adjusting the powder converging point.
背景技术Background technique
在关键零件表面制备高性能合金涂层，对提高零件的使用寿命和机械产品的可靠性具有重要的意义。采用同步送粉式激光熔覆技术制备的合金涂层，具有结合强度高、稀释率小、零件的热影响区小和热变形小、材料适应性强、易于实现自动化生产等优点。因此，同步送粉式激光熔覆技术现已逐步成为一种应用广泛的材料表面改性技术。The preparation of high-performance alloy coatings on the surface of key parts is of great significance for improving the service life of parts and the reliability of mechanical products. The alloy coating prepared by synchronous powder feeding laser cladding technology has the advantages of high bonding strength, low dilution rate, small heat-affected zone and small thermal deformation of parts, strong material adaptability, and easy automatic production. Therefore, the synchronous powder feeding laser cladding technology has gradually become a widely used material surface modification technology.
在同步送粉式激光熔覆技术中，粉末的输送是工艺中的关键环节。同步送粉主要有侧轴式和同轴式两类。侧轴式送粉具有方向性，只适用于简单的二维熔覆轨迹。同轴送粉则具有无方向性的优点，适用于各种复杂熔覆轨迹。在送粉***中，同轴送粉喷嘴是实现同轴送粉方式的关键部件。同轴送粉喷嘴主要依靠锥形环状送粉腔，以一定的出粉角度实现粉末流在喷嘴下方的汇聚。粉末流的汇聚焦点取决于喷嘴的结构参数，如送粉腔的锥角等。一般情况下粉末流的汇聚焦点是不可调节的，这就影响了同轴送粉方式在复杂形状表面的应用。由此，设计具有粉末流汇聚焦点调节功能的同轴送粉喷嘴对拓展激光熔覆技术的应用具有重要的意义。目前，可调节粉末流汇聚焦点的同轴送粉喷嘴是利用机械传动方式改变粉末流出射角度，是一种机械调节的方法。In the synchronous powder feeding laser cladding technology, powder transportation is a key link in the process. There are two main types of synchronous powder feeding: side shaft type and coaxial type. Side-axis powder feeding is directional and only suitable for simple two-dimensional cladding tracks. Coaxial powder feeding has the advantage of non-directionality and is suitable for various complicated cladding tracks. In the powder feeding system, the coaxial powder feeding nozzle is the key component to realize the coaxial powder feeding method. The coaxial powder feeding nozzle mainly relies on the conical ring-shaped powder feeding cavity to realize the concentration of the powder flow under the nozzle with a certain powder outlet angle. The focal point of the powder flow depends on the structural parameters of the nozzle, such as the cone angle of the powder feeding cavity. In general, the focal point of the powder flow is not adjustable, which affects the application of the coaxial powder feeding method on the surface of complex shapes. Therefore, the design of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle with the function of adjusting the focal point of the powder flow is of great significance for expanding the application of laser cladding technology. At present, the coaxial powder feeding nozzle that can adjust the focal point of the powder flow converge uses a mechanical transmission method to change the powder outflow angle, which is a mechanical adjustment method.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为了克服现有技术中存在的不足，本发明提供一种采用气动方式调节粉末流汇聚焦点的同轴送粉喷嘴，以实现粉末流汇聚焦点可调。In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a coaxial powder feeding nozzle that pneumatically adjusts the focal point of the powder flow confluence, so as to realize the adjustable focal point of the powder confluence.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are:
一种采用气动方式调节粉末流汇聚焦点的同轴送粉喷嘴，包括激光头、套筒、同轴送粉头、送粉腔、水冷套、水冷腔，所述激光头下方连接套筒，套筒下方连接同轴送粉头；所述套筒上方设置有聚焦镜，用于平行激光束的聚焦；同轴送粉头上端设置有保护镜，用于防止悬浮微颗粒进入套筒内部污染激光头；所述送粉腔为同轴送粉头外壁与水冷套之间所构成的锥形环状腔体所述送粉腔通过隔离板和调整拨片分隔为内腔和外腔，内腔为隔离板内侧与同轴送粉头外壁所构成的环形腔体，外腔为隔离板外侧与送粉腔内侧所构成的环形腔体；所述内腔用于输送载粉气流，内腔上方与若干个间隔均匀分布的 进粉口连接，进粉口用于与载粉气流管道连接，使载粉气流通过进粉口进入同轴送粉喷嘴的内腔；所述外腔为保护气体通道，外腔上方与若干个间隔均匀分布的进气口连接，进气口用于与保护气流管道连接，使保护气流通过进气口进入同轴送粉喷嘴的外腔；所述水冷腔为水冷套内壁与送粉腔外壁所构成的环状腔体，水冷腔连接有进水口和出水口；所述调整拨片为多个，沿周向均匀分布，并连接于隔离板下端，调整拨片能够相对于同轴送粉头进行偏转。A coaxial powder feeding nozzle that adjusts the focus point of powder flow in a pneumatic way, comprising a laser head, a sleeve, a coaxial powder feeding head, a powder feeding cavity, a water cooling jacket, and a water cooling cavity. The lower part of the laser head is connected to the sleeve and the sleeve A coaxial powder feeding head is connected below the barrel; a focusing lens is arranged above the sleeve for focusing the parallel laser beam; a protective lens is arranged on the upper end of the coaxial powder feeding head to prevent suspended particles from entering the sleeve and polluting the laser The powder feeding cavity is a conical annular cavity formed between the outer wall of the coaxial powder feeding head and the water cooling jacket. The powder feeding cavity is divided into an inner cavity and an outer cavity by a separating plate and an adjustment paddle. The inner cavity It is an annular cavity formed by the inner side of the isolating plate and the outer wall of the coaxial powder feeding head. The outer cavity is an annular cavity formed by the outer side of the isolating plate and the inner side of the powder feeding cavity; the inner cavity is used for conveying powder-carrying air flow, and the upper part of the inner cavity It is connected with several evenly spaced powder inlets. The powder inlet is used to connect with the powder-carrying gas flow pipe so that the powder-carrying gas flow enters the inner cavity of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle through the powder inlet; the outer cavity is a protective gas channel , The upper part of the outer cavity is connected with a number of evenly spaced air inlets. The air inlet is used to connect with the protective airflow pipe so that the protective airflow enters the outer cavity of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle through the air inlet; the water-cooled cavity is water-cooled The annular cavity formed by the inner wall of the sleeve and the outer wall of the powder feeding cavity, the water cooling cavity is connected with the water inlet and the water outlet; the adjusting paddles are multiple, evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, and connected to the lower end of the isolation plate, the adjusting paddles It can be deflected relative to the coaxial powder feed head.
进一步的，所述送粉腔、套筒、激光头分别和同轴送粉头之间通过螺纹连接。Further, the powder feeding cavity, sleeve, and laser head are respectively connected with the coaxial powder feeding head through threads.
进一步的，所述隔离板为锥形套筒。Further, the isolation plate is a tapered sleeve.
进一步的，所述调整拨片为梯形弧状片，垂直于梯形高度方向的断面呈现为弧状。Further, the adjusting paddle is a trapezoidal arc-shaped piece, and a section perpendicular to the height direction of the trapezoid is arc-shaped.
进一步的，所述调整拨片至少为3个。Further, there are at least three adjustment paddles.
进一步的，所述调整拨片通过机械铰链或固定结合的方式与隔离板连接，调整拨片的偏转方式为机械偏转或弹性偏转。Further, the adjustment paddle is connected to the isolation plate through a mechanical hinge or a fixed combination, and the deflection method of the adjustment paddle is mechanical deflection or elastic deflection.
进一步的，相邻的调整拨片之间留有补偿间隔。Further, there is a compensation interval between adjacent adjustment paddles.
进一步的，所述调整拨片两侧的均有伸出部分，作为同步协调结构。Further, there are protruding parts on both sides of the adjusting paddle as a synchronous coordination structure.
本发明的原理是：本发明中粉末流汇聚焦点的调节是以气动方式偏转调整拨片而实现的。在调整拨片的两侧分别有内腔的载粉气流和外腔的保护气流，不同的气体流速在调整拨片表面产生不同的压力，从而使调整拨片具有不同的偏转角度。也即，通过调节内腔载粉气流和外腔保护气体的流速实现调整拨片向内侧或外侧偏转，从而达到粉末入射角度改变的目的。具体地，当以一定的内腔载粉气流输送粉末时，调整拨片对应一个初始偏转角，同轴喷嘴下方的粉末流汇聚于一个初始汇聚焦点。随着外腔保护气流速的逐渐增大，调整拨片逐渐向外侧机械偏转或弹性偏转，从而使粉末流的汇聚焦点由初始汇聚焦点逐步下移。The principle of the present invention is that the adjustment of the focal point of the powder flow pool in the present invention is achieved by deflection of the adjustment paddle in a pneumatic manner. There are powder-carrying air flow in the inner cavity and protective air flow in the outer cavity on both sides of the adjustment paddle. Different gas flow rates generate different pressures on the adjustment paddle surface, so that the adjustment paddle has different deflection angles. That is, by adjusting the flow rates of the powder-carrying air flow in the inner cavity and the shielding gas in the outer cavity, the adjustment paddle is deflected to the inside or outside, so as to achieve the purpose of changing the incident angle of the powder. Specifically, when the powder is transported by a certain inner cavity powder-carrying airflow, the adjustment paddle corresponds to an initial deflection angle, and the powder flow below the coaxial nozzle converges at an initial convergent focal point. With the gradual increase of the flow rate of the shielding gas in the outer cavity, the adjustment paddles are gradually mechanically deflected or elastically deflected to the outside, so that the focal point of the powder flow is gradually moved downward from the initial focal point.
有益效果：本发明和现有同轴送粉喷嘴相比，优点主要有：Beneficial effects: Compared with the existing coaxial powder feeding nozzle, the advantages of the present invention mainly include:
1.本发明中的同轴送粉喷嘴采用气动方式实现对粉末汇聚焦点的调节。粉末流汇聚的控制方法简洁有效，响应速度快，可靠性和灵敏度高，粉末流汇聚焦点的调节范围大，同时可以实现对粉末流汇聚焦距的连续无级调节。1. The coaxial powder feeding nozzle of the present invention adopts a pneumatic way to realize the adjustment of the focal point of the powder. The control method of powder flow convergence is simple and effective, fast response speed, high reliability and sensitivity, large adjustment range of the powder flow convergence focus point, and continuous stepless adjustment of the powder flow convergence focus distance.
2.本发明中的同轴送粉喷嘴利用调整拨片的偏转控制粉末流汇聚焦点，使机械结构简单紧凑，体积小，重量轻，降低了安装同轴喷嘴的运动装置的惯性，有利于在较高速度下进行熔覆，提高了生产效率。2. The coaxial powder feeding nozzle of the present invention uses the deflection of the adjustment paddle to control the focal point of the powder flow, which makes the mechanical structure simple and compact, small in size, and light in weight, reduces the inertia of the motion device for installing the coaxial nozzle, and is beneficial in The cladding is carried out at a higher speed, which improves the production efficiency.
3.本发明中的同轴送粉喷嘴输送出的粉末流在内腔气流和外腔气流的协同作用下汇聚。外腔气流除防止粉末氧化和控制拨片偏转的作用以外，同时还对粉末流起到束粉的作用，粉末流在焦点位置的汇聚浓度高，提高了粉末利用率，降低了生产成本。3. The powder flow delivered by the coaxial powder feeding nozzle of the present invention converges under the synergistic effect of the inner cavity airflow and the outer cavity airflow. In addition to preventing powder oxidation and controlling the deflection of the paddle, the external cavity airflow also acts as a powder beam for the powder flow. The concentration of the powder flow at the focal point is high, which improves the powder utilization rate and reduces the production cost.
4.本发明中的同轴送粉喷嘴中调整拨片的偏转动作同时可以起到防止粉末堵塞喷嘴出口，具有自清洁的作用，有利于延长喷嘴的使用寿命。同时由于活动调节装置简单(尤其是弹性偏转方式)，喷嘴的维护保养方便。4. The deflection action of the adjustment paddle in the coaxial powder feeding nozzle of the present invention can simultaneously prevent powder from blocking the nozzle outlet, has a self-cleaning effect, and is beneficial to prolong the service life of the nozzle. At the same time, because the movable adjusting device is simple (especially the elastic deflection method), the maintenance of the nozzle is convenient.
5.本发明中的同轴送粉喷嘴的柔性高、对不同工况下的适应性强。在非平整表面或者复杂结构表面进行激光熔覆或激光修复时，需保证粉末汇聚焦点和熔覆位置的重合。配合熔池位置的反馈信号，本发明的同轴送粉喷嘴能够实现在加工中对粉末汇聚焦点的在线调控和闭环控制。5. The coaxial powder feeding nozzle of the present invention has high flexibility and strong adaptability to different working conditions. When laser cladding or laser repair is performed on uneven surfaces or surfaces with complex structures, it is necessary to ensure that the focal point of the powder pool coincides with the cladding position. Cooperating with the feedback signal of the molten pool position, the coaxial powder feeding nozzle of the present invention can realize on-line regulation and closed-loop control of the powder converging point during processing.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为本发明同轴送粉喷嘴的结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle of the present invention;
图2为调整拨片的立体图；Figure 2 is a perspective view of the adjustment paddle;
图3为图1在A-A处的俯视剖视图。Fig. 3 is a top sectional view of Fig. 1 at A-A.
图中，附图标记为：In the figure, the reference signs are:
1-激光头、2-聚焦镜、3-套筒、4-保护镜、5-同轴送粉头、6-内腔、7-进粉口、8-隔离板、9-外腔、10-进气口、11-调整拨片、111-伸出部分、12-水冷套、13-进水口、14-水冷腔、15-出水口。1-Laser head, 2-focusing lens, 3-sleeve, 4-protection mirror, 5-coaxial powder feeding head, 6-inner cavity, 7-powder inlet, 8-isolation plate, 9-outer cavity, 10 -Air inlet, 11-adjusting paddle, 111-extending part, 12-water cooling jacket, 13-water inlet, 14-water cooling cavity, 15-water outlet.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明作更进一步的说明。The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with the drawings.
如图1和3所示，本发明的一种采用气动方式调节粉末流汇聚焦点的同轴送粉喷嘴，包括激光头1、套筒3、同轴送粉头5、隔离板8、调整拨片11、送粉腔、以及水冷套12和水冷腔14。As shown in Figures 1 and 3, a coaxial powder feeding nozzle for pneumatically adjusting the focal point of the powder flow of the present invention includes a laser head 1, a sleeve 3, a coaxial powder feeding head 5, an isolation plate 8, and an adjustment dial. Sheet 11, powder feeding cavity, water cooling jacket 12 and water cooling cavity 14.
激光头1下方连接套筒3，在本发明的一个优选实施例中，激光头1与套筒3之间通过周向分布均匀的4个螺栓连接。The sleeve 3 is connected below the laser head 1. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the laser head 1 and the sleeve 3 are connected by 4 bolts evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.
套筒3下方连接同轴送粉头5，在本发明的一个优选实施例中，同轴送粉头5与套筒3之间通过周向分布均匀的4个螺栓连接。The coaxial powder feeding head 5 is connected below the sleeve 3. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coaxial powder feeding head 5 and the sleeve 3 are connected by 4 bolts evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.
套筒3上方设置有聚焦镜2，用于平行激光束的聚焦。A focusing mirror 2 is arranged above the sleeve 3 for focusing the parallel laser beam.
同轴送粉头5上端设置有保护镜4，用于防止悬浮微颗粒进入套筒3内部污染激光 头1。The upper end of the coaxial powder feeding head 5 is provided with a protective mirror 4 to prevent suspended micro-particles from entering the sleeve 3 and polluting the laser head 1.
送粉腔为同轴送粉头5外壁与水冷套12之间所构成的锥形环状腔体送粉腔通过隔离板8和调整拨片11分隔为内腔6和外腔9。The powder feeding cavity is a tapered ring-shaped cavity formed between the outer wall of the coaxial powder feeding head 5 and the water cooling jacket 12. The powder feeding cavity is divided into an inner cavity 6 and an outer cavity 9 by a separating plate 8 and an adjusting paddle 11.
内腔6为隔离板8内侧与同轴送粉头5外壁所构成的环形腔体。内腔6用于输送载粉气流，内腔6上方与4个均匀分布的进粉口7连接，进粉口7用于与载粉气流管道连接，使载粉气流通过进粉口7进入同轴送粉喷嘴的内腔6。The inner cavity 6 is an annular cavity formed by the inner side of the isolating plate 8 and the outer wall of the coaxial powder feeding head 5. The inner cavity 6 is used for conveying the powder-carrying air flow. The upper part of the inner cavity 6 is connected with 4 evenly distributed powder inlets 7, and the powder inlet 7 is used to connect with the powder-carrying airflow pipe, so that the powder-carrying airflow enters the same through the powder inlet 7 The inner cavity of the shaft powder nozzle 6.
外腔9为隔离板8外侧与送粉腔内侧所构成的环形腔体.外腔9为保护气体通道，外腔9上方与4个均匀分布的进气口10连接，进气口10用于与保护气流管道连接，使保护气流通过进气口10进入同轴送粉喷嘴的外腔9。The outer cavity 9 is an annular cavity formed by the outer side of the isolation plate 8 and the inner side of the powder feeding cavity. The outer cavity 9 is a protective gas channel. The upper part of the outer cavity 9 is connected with 4 evenly distributed air inlets 10, which are used for It is connected with the protective air flow pipe so that the protective air flow enters the outer cavity 9 of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle through the air inlet 10.
水冷腔14为水冷套12内壁与送粉腔外壁所构成的环状腔体，水冷腔14连接有进水口13和出水口15，水冷套12中冷却水通过进水口13和出水口15在水冷腔14中流动，从而降低喷嘴出口位置的温度。The water cooling cavity 14 is an annular cavity formed by the inner wall of the water cooling jacket 12 and the outer wall of the powder feeding cavity. The water cooling cavity 14 is connected with a water inlet 13 and a water outlet 15. The cooling water in the water cooling jacket 12 passes through the water inlet 13 and the water outlet 15 in the water cooling The flow in the cavity 14 reduces the temperature at the nozzle outlet position.
调整拨片11为多个(一般至少为3个)，沿周向均匀分布，并连接于隔离板8下端，调整拨片11能够相对于同轴送粉头5进行偏转。通过调整拨片11的偏转来实现粉末流汇聚焦点的调节。There are multiple adjustment paddles 11 (generally at least 3), which are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction and connected to the lower end of the isolation plate 8. The adjustment paddles 11 can be deflected relative to the coaxial powder feeding head 5. By adjusting the deflection of the paddle 11, the focus point of the powder flow pool is adjusted.
调整拨片11通过机械铰链或固定结合的方式与隔离板8连接，对应调整拨片的偏转方式分别为机械偏转和弹性偏转，对应调整拨片材质分别具有高导热和高弹性的特点。在本发明的一个实施例中，调整拨片11与隔离板8通过铰链连接。The adjusting paddle 11 is connected to the isolation plate 8 through a mechanical hinge or a fixed combination. The deflection modes of the corresponding adjusting paddle are mechanical deflection and elastic deflection respectively. The corresponding adjusting paddle material has the characteristics of high thermal conductivity and high elasticity. In an embodiment of the present invention, the adjustment paddle 11 and the isolation plate 8 are connected by a hinge.
如图2所示，调整拨片11为梯形弧状片，垂直于梯形高度方向的断面呈现为弧状，与隔离板8连接的一端的边长大于其相对端边长。As shown in FIG. 2, the adjusting paddle 11 is a trapezoidal arc-shaped piece, and the section perpendicular to the height of the trapezoid is arc-shaped, and the side length of one end connected to the isolation plate 8 is greater than the side length of the opposite end.
为保证调整拨片11之间的运动不受干涉，相邻的调整拨片11之间留有1-2mm的补偿间隔。能够防止调整拨片11在连续偏转过程中发生相互阻碍或者交叉碰撞。To ensure that the movement between the adjusting paddles 11 is not interfered, a compensation interval of 1-2 mm is left between adjacent adjusting paddles 11. It can prevent the adjustment paddles 11 from obstructing each other or colliding with each other during continuous deflection.
调整拨片11两侧的均有伸出部分111，作为同步协调结构，用来保证均匀分布的调整拨片11的偏转角度一致，起到相互约束的作用。There are protruding parts 111 on both sides of the adjusting paddle 11, which are used as a synchronous coordination structure to ensure that the deflection angles of the evenly distributed adjusting paddles 11 are consistent, and play a role of mutual restraint.
在本发明的一个优选实施例中，调整拨片11为4个。调整拨片11之间的补偿间隔为2mm；调整拨片11的上端和下端的厚度分别为0.4mm和0.2mm。调整拨片11的材质为紫铜T2。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there are four adjustment paddles 11. The compensation interval between the adjustment paddles 11 is 2 mm; the thickness of the upper end and the lower end of the adjustment paddle 11 are 0.4 mm and 0.2 mm, respectively. The material of the adjusting paddle 11 is copper T2.
隔离板8为锥形套筒，材质为耐高温材料，如耐热合金钢、高温合金、陶瓷材料等。在本发明的一个优选实施例中，隔离板材材质为高温合金GH1015，厚度选为0.5mm。 隔离板8与同轴送粉头5之间通过螺纹连接。The isolation plate 8 is a tapered sleeve, and is made of high-temperature resistant materials, such as heat-resistant alloy steel, high-temperature alloy, and ceramic materials. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the material of the isolation plate is high-temperature alloy GH1015, and the thickness is selected as 0.5 mm. The isolation plate 8 and the coaxial powder feeding head 5 are connected by threads.
在保持内腔6气粉流速恒定的情况下，通过调节外腔9内部保护气体的流速实现调整拨片11向内侧或外侧偏转，从而实现粉末流汇聚斑点的调节。具体地，随着外腔9保护气流速的逐渐增大，调整拨片11逐渐向外侧机械偏转，从而使粉末流的汇聚焦点由初始汇聚焦点逐步下移。While keeping the flow rate of the gas and powder in the inner cavity 6 constant, by adjusting the flow rate of the shielding gas in the outer cavity 9, the adjustment paddle 11 is deflected to the inside or outside, so as to realize the adjustment of the powder flow converging spots. Specifically, as the flow rate of the shielding gas in the outer cavity 9 gradually increases, the adjusting paddle 11 is gradually mechanically deflected to the outside, so that the convergent focal point of the powder flow is gradually moved downward from the initial convergent focal point.

Claims (9)

  1. 一种采用气动方式调节粉末流汇聚焦点的同轴送粉喷嘴，其特征在于：包括激光头(1)、套筒(3)、同轴送粉头(5)、送粉腔、水冷套(12)、水冷腔(14)，所述激光头(1)下方连接套筒(3)，套筒(3)下方连接同轴送粉头(5)；所述套筒(3)上方设置有聚焦镜(2)，用于平行激光束的聚焦；同轴送粉头(5)上端设置有保护镜(4)，用于防止悬浮微颗粒进入套筒内部污染激光头(1)；所述送粉腔为同轴送粉头(5)外壁与水冷套(12)之间所构成的锥形环状腔体；所述送粉腔通过隔离板(8)和调整拨片(11)分隔为内腔(6)和外腔(9)，内腔(6)为隔离板(8)内侧与同轴送粉头(5)外壁所构成的环形腔体，外腔(9)为隔离板(8)外侧与送粉腔内侧所构成的环形腔体；所述内腔(6)用于输送载粉气流，内腔(6)上方与若干个间隔均匀分布的进粉口(7)连接，进粉口(7)用于与载粉气流管道连接，使载粉气流通过进粉口进入同轴送粉喷嘴的内腔(6)；所述外腔(9)为保护气体通道，外腔(9)上方与若干个间隔均匀分布的进气口(10)连接，进气口(10)用于与保护气流管道连接，使保护气流通过进气口进入同轴送粉喷嘴的外腔(9)；所述水冷腔(14)为水冷套(12)内壁与送粉腔外壁所构成的环状腔体，水冷腔(14)连接有进水口(13)和出水口(15)；所述调整拨片(11)为多个，沿周向均匀分布，并连接于隔离板(8)下端，调整拨片(11)能够相对于同轴送粉头(5)进行偏转。A coaxial powder feeding nozzle which adopts pneumatic way to adjust the focal point of powder flow, which is characterized in that it comprises a laser head (1), a sleeve (3), a coaxial powder feeding head (5), a powder feeding cavity, and a water cooling jacket ( 12) Water-cooled cavity (14), a sleeve (3) is connected below the laser head (1), and a coaxial powder feeding head (5) is connected below the sleeve (3); above the sleeve (3) is provided The focusing mirror (2) is used to focus the parallel laser beam; the upper end of the coaxial powder feeding head (5) is provided with a protective mirror (4) to prevent suspended micro particles from entering the sleeve and polluting the laser head (1); The powder feeding cavity is a conical annular cavity formed between the outer wall of the coaxial powder feeding head (5) and the water cooling jacket (12); the powder feeding cavity is separated by an isolation plate (8) and an adjusting paddle (11) It is an inner cavity (6) and an outer cavity (9). The inner cavity (6) is an annular cavity formed by the inner side of the isolating plate (8) and the outer wall of the coaxial powder feeding head (5), and the outer cavity (9) is an isolating plate (8) An annular cavity formed by the outer side and the inner side of the powder feeding cavity; the inner cavity (6) is used for conveying powder-carrying air flow, and the upper portion of the inner cavity (6) is connected with a number of evenly spaced powder inlets (7) , The powder inlet (7) is used to connect with the powder-carrying airflow pipeline, so that the powder-carrying airflow enters the inner cavity (6) of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle through the powder inlet; the outer cavity (9) is a protective gas channel, The upper part of the cavity (9) is connected with a number of evenly spaced air inlets (10). The air inlets (10) are used to connect with the protective airflow pipe, so that the protective airflow enters the outer cavity of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle through the air inlet (9); The water cooling cavity (14) is an annular cavity formed by the inner wall of the water cooling jacket (12) and the outer wall of the powder feeding cavity, and the water cooling cavity (14) is connected with a water inlet (13) and a water outlet (15); The adjusting paddles (11) are multiple, evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, and connected to the lower end of the isolating plate (8), and the adjusting paddles (11) can be deflected relative to the coaxial powder feeding head (5).
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的采用气动方式调节粉末流汇聚焦点的同轴送粉喷嘴，其特征在于：所述送粉腔、套筒(3)、激光头(1)分别和同轴送粉头(5)之间通过螺纹连接。The coaxial powder feeding nozzle for pneumatically adjusting the focal point of the powder flow according to claim 1, characterized in that: the powder feeding cavity, sleeve (3), laser head (1) and coaxial powder feeding head respectively (5) Threaded connection between.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的采用气动方式调节粉末流汇聚焦点的同轴送粉喷嘴，其特征在于：所述隔离板(8)为锥形套筒，材质为耐高温材料。The coaxial powder feeding nozzle for pneumatically adjusting the focus point of the powder flow according to claim 1, wherein the isolation plate (8) is a conical sleeve made of high temperature resistant material.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的采用气动方式调节粉末流汇聚焦点的同轴送粉喷嘴，其特征在于：所述调整拨片(11)为梯形弧状片，垂直于梯形高度方向的断面呈现为弧状。The coaxial powder feeding nozzle for pneumatically adjusting the focal point of the powder stream according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjusting paddle (11) is a trapezoidal arc-shaped piece, and the section perpendicular to the height of the trapezoid is arc-shaped.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的采用气动方式调节粉末流汇聚焦点的同轴送粉喷嘴，其特征在于：所述调整拨片(11)至少为3个。The coaxial powder feeding nozzle for pneumatically adjusting the focal point of the powder flow as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that there are at least three adjustment paddles (11).
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的采用气动方式调节粉末流汇聚焦点的同轴送粉喷嘴，其特征在于：所述调整拨片(11)通过机械铰链或固定结合的方式与隔离板(8)连接，调整拨片(11)的偏转方式为机械偏转或弹性偏转。The coaxial powder feeding nozzle for pneumatically adjusting the focus point of the powder flow according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjusting paddle (11) is connected to the isolating plate (8) by a mechanical hinge or a fixed combination, The deflection mode of the adjustment paddle (11) is mechanical deflection or elastic deflection.
  7. 根据权利要求1、4、5或6所述的采用气动方式调节粉末流汇聚焦点的同轴送 粉喷嘴，其特征在于：相邻的调整拨片(11)之间留有补偿间隔。The coaxial powder feeding nozzle for pneumatically adjusting the focal point of the powder flow as claimed in claim 1, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that there is a compensation interval between adjacent adjusting paddles (11).
  8. 根据权利要求1、4、5或6所述所述的采用气动方式调节粉末流汇聚焦点的同轴送粉喷嘴，其特征在于：所述调整拨片(11)两侧的均有伸出部分(111)，作为同步协调结构。The coaxial powder feeding nozzle for pneumatically adjusting the focus point of the powder flow according to claim 1, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that: there are protruding parts on both sides of the adjusting paddle (11) (111), as a synchronization coordination structure.
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的采用气动方式调节粉末流汇聚焦点的同轴送粉喷嘴，其特征在于：所述调整拨片(11)的材质为紫铜T2。The coaxial powder feeding nozzle for pneumatically adjusting the focus point of the powder flow according to claim 1, wherein the material of the adjusting paddle (11) is copper T2.
PCT/CN2020/088120 2019-05-07 2020-04-30 Coaxial powder feeding nozzle capable of pneumatically adjusting powder flow focus WO2020224521A1 (en)

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