WO2020211505A1 - 充填溶洞沉积与隧道间歇型突水突泥灾变一体化试验装置及方法 - Google Patents

充填溶洞沉积与隧道间歇型突水突泥灾变一体化试验装置及方法 Download PDF

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WO2020211505A1
WO2020211505A1 PCT/CN2020/073570 CN2020073570W WO2020211505A1 WO 2020211505 A1 WO2020211505 A1 WO 2020211505A1 CN 2020073570 W CN2020073570 W CN 2020073570W WO 2020211505 A1 WO2020211505 A1 WO 2020211505A1
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water
sedimentation
tank
mud
inrush
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PCT/CN2020/073570
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English (en)
French (fr)
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许振浩
黄鑫
刘友博
谢辉辉
余腾飞
葛颜慧
林鹏
潘东东
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山东大学
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Priority to US17/604,094 priority Critical patent/US20220205971A1/en
Publication of WO2020211505A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020211505A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/24—Earth materials
    • G01N33/246—Earth materials for water content
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/40—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for geology
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B25/02—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of industrial processes; of machinery

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  • the present disclosure relates to an integrated test device and method for filling karst cave deposits and tunnel intermittent water and mud inrush disasters.
  • karst-type disaster-causing systems accounted for 45% of tunnel water and mud disasters. Because it is difficult to find out all the bad geological conditions along the line for deep and long tunnels (tunnels) in karst areas in the early stage of construction, the cause of sudden disasters and the catastrophic process are extremely Complex, often due to water inrush, mud outburst and other problems. Tunnel construction in karst areas often encounters water and mud outburst and ground collapse, which affect the construction progress and cause safety accidents.
  • the structural mechanism of the disaster-causing system of water inrush and mud in karst tunnels is relatively complicated.
  • the disaster-generating mechanism, cause mechanism, disaster mode and evolution process of its disasters are obviously different from disasters in other regions and other geotechnical engineering.
  • Technical methods cannot apply existing theories and techniques. Therefore, during the construction of the tunnel (cavity), it is very important to study the formation mechanism and evolution process of the karst cave in front of the tunnel face in the karst area.
  • the filling of the karst cave filling medium is based on the particle gradation and is still artificially filled, which is quite different from the actual formation process of the karst cave filling medium.
  • the test device for the deposition process under natural conditions cannot simulate the process of tunnel water and mud bursting after the cave filling medium is deposited under natural conditions.
  • the present disclosure proposes an integrated test device and method for filling cavern deposition and tunnel intermittent water inrush and mud outburst disaster.
  • the present disclosure can simulate the deposition process of filling medium in large-scale caverns and reproduce the intermittent water and mud outburst disaster of tunnels. The occurrence process is helpful to study the influence factors of intermittent water and mud inrush in tunnels.
  • the present disclosure adopts the following technical solutions:
  • An integrated test device for filling karst cave deposits and tunnel intermittent water and mud inrush catastrophes comprising a mixing tank, a water tank, a water collection tank and a plurality of sedimentation tanks, wherein the outlet of the mixing tank is connected to one end of the pipeline, and the pipeline The other end extends to one end of the water tank, the lower end of the water tank is provided with a number of sedimentation tanks at intervals, the other end of the water tank is provided with a water collection tank, and the front end of each sedimentation tank is provided with a detachable baffle with different diameters in the water tank;
  • the pipeline is provided with a valve, a flow meter and a recorder.
  • the valve is used to control the flow rate and flow rate of the mud-water mixture after stirring.
  • the flow meter and the recorder are used to calculate the outflow volume of the mud-water mixture per unit time in the mixing tank. And flow rate curve;
  • the sedimentation box is connected with the water tank by a flange structure, the bottom of the sedimentation box is provided with a permeable plate and a permeable stone, one side of the sedimentation box is provided with a switch, and the other side of the sedimentation box is provided with a connecting joint.
  • the articulation is connected to a pipeline, a control valve is arranged between the connecting articulation and the sedimentation box, and a camera is arranged on the pipeline to take a video of the water and mud inrush process in the sedimentation box to analyze and calculate the sedimentation sequence of particles Displacement-strain law and crack width of deposition sequence.
  • the present disclosure can simulate and observe the deposition and consolidation process of the filling medium and the process of water and mud inrush through several sedimentation boxes. By changing the flow rate, sample concentration, particle gradation, sedimentation height and migration distance (put into the corresponding sedimentation box), It can simulate different working conditions and can have a good research on the intermittent water and mud inrush process.
  • the pipe at the outlet of the mixing tank is level with the height of the water tank.
  • the height of the pipeline and the water tank are equal to ensure the smooth flow of the mixture and eliminate interference factors.
  • the end of the water tank is provided with a water tank baffle with a certain height to ensure that the water flow in the water tank has a certain height.
  • support frames are provided at both ends of the water tank.
  • an outlet is provided at the bottom of the water collection tank, and the outlet is connected to a drain pipe that can lead to a sewer.
  • the deposition box is provided with a horizontal scale and a vertical scale.
  • the connecting joint is used to connect the deposition tank and the pipeline, and a sealing mechanism is provided at the connecting joint to ensure good sealing at the joint.
  • the permeable plate is provided with a permeable stone, and at least one layer of filter paper is covered on the permeable stone.
  • the permeable plate includes A plurality of flowing water channels in an array on the upper side and a support for supporting the plate are used to discharge the excess water infiltrated during the sedimentation and consolidation process of the sediment in the sedimentation box.
  • the optical system adopted by the camera is an XTDIC three-dimensional full-field dynamic strain deformation measurement system.
  • the working method based on the above device includes the following steps:
  • the present disclosure uses photogrammetry technology to develop a visual water and mud inrush test device, carry out karst tunnel filling-type karst cave deposition sequences and intermittent water and mud inrush catastrophe experiments, and reproduce large-scale cavern filling medium deposition process and intermittent type
  • the process of water inrush and mud inrush catastrophe study the formation conditions and influencing factors of intermittent water inrush and mud inrush in tunnels, reveal the occurrence and development of water and mud inrush disasters, and the disaster-causing mechanism.
  • the relevant research results can be that the tunnel passes through filling karst caves. Provide guidance on the prevention and management of mud disasters.
  • Figure 1 is the overall schematic diagram of the test device
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the DIC high-speed camera and the deposition box
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the deposition box
  • Figure 4(a) and Figure 4(b) are schematic diagrams of the plexiglass baffle structure
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the shovel structure.
  • 1 mixeder
  • 2 mixed box
  • 3 paperless recorder
  • 4 electromagnettic flowmeter
  • 5 water tank
  • 6 valve
  • 7,15,20,21 plexiglass plate
  • 8,23 support frame
  • 9 pervious plate
  • 10 flange structure
  • 11 sticking ruler
  • 12 deposition tank
  • 13 connecting joint
  • 14 circular pipe
  • 16 collecting tank
  • 17 DIC high-speed camera
  • 18 water pump
  • 19 Faucet
  • 22 Shovel.
  • azimuth or positional relationship is based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only a relationship term determined to facilitate the description of the structural relationship of each component or element in the present disclosure. It does not specifically refer to any component or element in the present disclosure, and cannot be understood as a reference to the present disclosure. Disclosure restrictions.
  • an integrated test device for filling karst cave deposits and tunnel intermittent water inrush and mud inrush catastrophe including mixing box 2, water pump 18, electromagnetic flowmeter 4, paperless recorder 3, water tank 5, circular pipe 14.
  • Box body 12 (sediment box), DIC high-speed camera 17, water permeable plate 9, valve 6, water collection tank 16 and support frame 8;
  • mixing box 2 is placed on the left side of the water inlet of water tank 5, and the water outlet of mixing box 2 is connected
  • There are water pump 18, electromagnetic flow meter 4 and paperless recorder 3 the water outlet pipe of mixing box 2 is level with water tank 5, water tank 5 and sedimentation tank 12 are flanged, and the bottom of sedimentation tank 12 is provided with valve 6 and connection
  • the articulated joint 13 is used to connect the sedimentation box 12 with the circular pipe 14.
  • a permeable plate 9 and a permeable stone are placed at the bottom of the sedimentation box, and the water collection box 16 is placed on the right side of the water outlet of the sink 5.
  • the bottom of the mixing box 2 is connected with a PPR water outlet pipe, and the water outlet is connected with a water pump 18, an electromagnetic flow meter 4 and a paperless recorder 3, and the water inlet of the water tank 5 is provided with a valve 6 through which the flow rate and flow rate of the test sample can be controlled.
  • the size of the mixing box 2 is 1000L, and the electromagnetic flowmeter 4 and the paperless recorder 3 are used to calculate the flow rate and flow rate curve of the mud-water mixture in the mixing box per unit time.
  • a plexiglass baffle 15 with a height of 10cm is set at the end of the sink to ensure that the water flow in the sink 5 has a certain height.
  • Plexiglass plates 7 are arranged at a certain distance along the top surface of the sink to increase the overall rigidity of the sink.
  • the sink is made of transparent plexiglass.
  • the thickness of the plexiglass plate is 12mm and the volume is 720cm*30cm*30cm.
  • the water tank 5 and the sedimentation tank 12 have a flange connection structure, the flange connection structure is arranged along the bottom of the water tank 5 every 200 cm, and there are 3 flange connection structures in total.
  • the sedimentation tank 12 is made of transparent organic glass.
  • the bottom of the sedimentation box is provided with a valve 6 and a joint 13 and a drain tap 19, and a permeable plate 9 and a permeable stone are placed at the bottom of the sedimentation box.
  • the top entrance of the sedimentation box is designed with 30cm*30cm square plexiglass panels 20 and 30cm* There are two 30cm perforated organic glass plates 21 each, the aperture of which is length ⁇ width: 15cm*15cm.
  • the connecting joint 13 is used to connect the deposition box 16 and the circular pipe 14, a water stop strip or rubber pad is pasted at the joint to ensure good sealing at the joint, and the circular pipe is placed on a stainless steel support frame 23.
  • the bottom of the sedimentation box is provided with a permeable plate 9 with an area of 30cm*30cm.
  • Permeable stones are placed on the permeable plates and a layer is covered on the permeable stones.
  • Filter paper, the internal water in the sedimentation tank 12 during the deposition and consolidation process of the filling medium infiltrates through the permeable stone.
  • the permeable plate 9 is composed of lattice supports and flowing water channels to facilitate the collection and drainage of the infiltration water, and is used to discharge the mud in the sedimentation tank The excess water infiltrated during the consolidation of sand deposits.
  • a water collecting tank 16 is placed on the right side of the water outlet of the water tank 5, and the volume of the water collecting tank 16 is 300L.
  • the outlet at the bottom of the water collecting tank is connected with a soft drainage pipe, and the pipeline leads to the sewer to avoid polluting the test site.
  • a DIC high-speed camera 17 is placed on the side of the deposition box for shooting to analyze the displacement-strain law of the particles in the deposition sequence and calculation of the crack width of the deposition sequence.
  • the DIC high-speed camera 17 uses the optical system as an XTDIC three-dimensional full-field dynamic strain and deformation measurement system.
  • Step 1 Assemble the test device and clean it to check whether the instruments are working normally. Put the permeable plate 9 and the permeable stone and filter paper into the three sedimentation boxes 12 in sequence.
  • Step 2 Fill the mixing tank 2 with clean water, open the water inlet valve 6 of the water tank 5, and wait until each sedimentation tank 12 is filled with water and the water level in the water tank 5 is consistent with the height of the baffle 15. Then, configure the filling medium sample according to the designed particle gradation, pour the sample into the mixing box and add a certain amount of water to fully stir.
  • Step 3 Place a 30*30cm square baffle 20 at the inlets of the second and third sedimentation tanks, and open the drain valve of the water collection tank 16.
  • Step 4 Turn on the power switch, power on the water pump 18, the electromagnetic flowmeter 4, and the paperless recorder 3, record the relevant data of the test process, open the water tank water inlet valve, the sediment mixture flows into the water tank, and add it to the mixing tank in proportion Test the sample and water. After the sediment deposits the first sedimentation box to a certain height, close the water tank inlet valve.
  • Step 5 Place the baffle at the water inlet of the second sedimentation box to the water inlet of the first sedimentation box, continue to open the water outlet valve to deposit the sediment in the second sedimentation box, and wait for the sediment in the second sedimentation box. To a certain height, deposit the third deposition box according to the same test procedure.
  • Step 6 After all the three sedimentation tanks are filled, stop flushing, let the sedimentation stand still and turn on the faucet at the bottom of the sedimentation tank to solidify the sediment for a certain period of time.
  • Step 7 Place the DIC high-speed camera on one side of the sedimentation box to capture the deposition sequence in the sedimentation box and the movement-strain law of sediment particles during the water and mud inrush process.
  • the above device can simulate different test conditions, and can simulate the process of filling medium deposition in the cavern and simulate the occurrence of intermittent water and mud inrush disasters according to different variables.
  • This test device can further study different particle gradations and sedimentation box inlets. The influence of area size, sample flow rate, sedimentation consolidation time, water head height, etc. on the deposition process of cave filling medium and the intermittent water and mud inrush catastrophic process.
  • the formation conditions and influencing factors of the intermittent water and mud inrush in the tunnel are studied, and the occurrence, development law and disaster mechanism of the water and mud inrush disaster are revealed.
  • the results can provide guidance for the prevention and treatment of water and mud inrush disasters when tunnels pass through filling karst caves.

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Abstract

一种充填溶洞沉积与隧道间歇型突水突泥灾变一体化试验装置及方法，装置包括搅拌箱(2)、水槽(5)、集水箱(16)和若干沉积箱(12)，搅拌箱(2)的出口与管道的一端连接，管道的另一端延伸至水槽(5)一端，水槽(5)下端间隔设置有若干沉积箱(12)，水槽(5)的另一端设置有集水箱(16)，水槽(5)内在各沉积箱(12)的前端设置有可拆卸的挡板(20)，通过各个沉积箱(12)的设置和配合，能够模拟并观察充填介质沉积固结过程、突水突泥过程，通过改变流速、试样浓度、颗粒级配、沉积高度和运移距离，能够模拟不同的工况，对间歇型突水突泥过程能够有很好的研究。

Description

充填溶洞沉积与隧道间歇型突水突泥灾变一体化试验装置及方法 技术领域
本公开涉及一种充填溶洞沉积与隧道间歇型突水突泥灾变一体化试验装置及方法。
背景技术
本部分的陈述仅仅是提供了与本公开相关的背景技术信息，不必然构成在先技术。
根据了解,岩溶类致灾***在隧道突水突泥灾害中占比45％，由于岩溶地区深长隧道(洞)在施工前期难以全部查清沿线不良地质情况，突发性灾害成因与灾变过程极为复杂，往往会因为突水、突泥等问题，岩溶地区的隧道施工中经常遇到突水突泥及地面塌陷等问题，影响施工进度，造成安全事故。
岩溶类隧道突水突泥致灾***构造机理较为复杂，其灾害的孕灾机制、成因机理、灾害模式及其演化过程等明显有别于其他地区和其他岩土工程的灾害，其防止理论和技术方法不能套用现有的理论和技术。因此，在隧道(洞)施工过程中，对岩溶地区隧道掌子面前方溶洞溶腔的形成机理及演化过程的研究就显得至关重要。
目前，众多国内外学者在应对岩溶类隧道突水突泥问题的研究方面，对岩溶地区的岩土体的工程性状、隧道突水突泥灾害的孕灾机理及其演化过程的研究，开展了卓有成效的研究，但是研究方向多数集中于工程实际监测和数值模拟。工程实际监测无疑是最客观且直接的研究方法，但由于实际监测无法看到 内部溶洞溶腔的孕灾规律，且容易受到实际探测目标多解性的干扰，难以获得理想的试验效果。数值模拟方法是一种从实际研究对象抽象出数值模型进行研究的方法，实验结果存在较大的误差。
同时,根据发明人了解,目前众多隧道突水突泥模型试验中，对溶洞充填介质的填充是按颗粒级配依旧是人为填充，与实际溶洞充填介质的形成过程有较大差异，没有模拟溶洞在自然条件下沉积过程的试验装置，无法模拟溶洞充填介质在自然条件下沉积后发生隧道突水突泥过程。
发明内容
本公开为了解决上述问题，提出了一种充填溶洞沉积与隧道间歇型突水突泥灾变一体化试验装置及方法，本公开能模拟大型溶洞充填介质沉积过程，再现隧道间歇型突水突泥灾害发生过程，有助于研究隧道间歇型突水突泥影响因素。
根据一些实施例，本公开采用如下技术方案：
一种充填溶洞沉积与隧道间歇型突水突泥灾变一体化试验装置，包括搅拌箱、水槽、集水箱和若干沉积箱，其中，所述搅拌箱的出口与管道的一端连接，所述管道的另一端延伸至水槽一端，所述水槽下端间隔设置有若干沉积箱，水槽的另一端设置有集水箱，所述水槽内在各沉积箱的前端设置有可拆卸的口径不同挡板；
所述管道上设置有阀门、流量计和记录仪，所述阀门用于控制搅拌后的泥水混合物流速与流量大小，所述流量计和记录仪用于计算搅拌箱内的泥水混合物单位时间流出量和流速曲线；
所述沉积箱与水槽通过法兰结构连接，沉积箱底部设置有透水板和透水石，所述沉积箱的一侧设置有开关，所述沉积箱的另一侧设置连接活节，所述连接活节与管路连接，所述连接活节与沉积箱之间设置有控制阀，所述管路上设置有摄像机，对沉积箱内的突水突泥过程进行摄像，以分析计算沉积序列颗粒的位移-应变规律及沉积序列裂纹宽度。
本公开通过若干沉积箱，能够模拟并观察充填介质沉积固结过程、突水突泥过程，通过改变流速、试样浓度、颗粒级配、沉积高度和运移距离(投入对应的沉积箱)，能够模拟不同的工况，对间歇型突水突泥过程能够有很好的研究。
作为一种或多种实施方式，所述搅拌箱出口处的管道与水槽高度相持平。
通过管道与水槽的高度相持平，能够保证混合物的平稳流动，消除干扰因素。
作为一种或多种实施方式，所述水槽的末端设置有具有一定高度的水槽挡板，保证水槽内水流具有一定高度。
作为一种或多种实施方式，所述水槽两端设置有支撑架。
作为一种或多种实施方式，所述集水箱底部设置有出口，出口连接能够通向下水道的排水管。
作为一种或多种实施方式，所述沉积箱上设置有水平刻度和竖向刻度。
作为一种或多种实施方式，所述连接活节用于连接沉积箱和管路，连接接缝处设置有密封机构，保证接缝处密封性良好。
作为一种或多种实施方式，所述透水板上设置有透水石，透水石上覆盖至少一层滤纸，沉积箱内充填介质沉积固结过程中水分通过透水石下渗，透水板 包括设置在板上的呈阵列的多个流水通道和用于支撑板的支撑件，以排出沉积箱内泥沙沉积固结过程中渗透的多余水分。
作为一种或多种实施方式，所述摄像机采用光学***为XTDIC三维全场动态应变变形测量***。
基于上述装置的工作方法，包括以下步骤：
检查各部分是否正常工作，将透水板和透水石及滤纸按顺序分别放到各个沉积箱内；
将搅拌箱内放满清水，打开水槽进水口阀门，待各个沉积箱内充满水且水槽内水位达到设定高度，按设定的颗粒级配配置充填介质试样，将试样倒入搅拌箱内并加入定量的水进行充分搅拌；
将除第一个沉积箱以外的所有沉积箱进口处放置挡板，将集水箱排水口打开；
利用流量计、记录仪记录试验过程相关数据，打开水槽进水口，使泥沙混合物流入水槽内，期间按比例往搅拌箱内加入试验试样和水，待泥沙将第一个沉积箱沉积到一定高度，关闭水槽进水口阀门；
将第二个沉积箱进水口处挡板放置到第一个沉积箱进水口，继续打开出水口阀门，使泥沙沉积到第二个沉积箱，待第二个沉积箱泥沙沉积到一定高度，按相同试验步骤依次沉积箱；
待设定个数的沉积箱均充填完毕后，停止冲水，静置沉淀并打开沉积箱底部开关，沉积固结一定时间；
根据拍摄的图像，分析突水突泥过程中沉积箱内沉积序列及泥沙颗粒位移- 应变规律。
作为进一步的限定，沉积箱内充填介质沉积固结完成后，连上管路，打开沉积箱与管路之间的连接阀门，观察突水突泥过程，若未发生突水突泥，则在沉积箱内加水，记录突水过程。
作为进一步的限定，待首次突水突泥灾害发生后，观察突出物的分布形态，观察沉积箱内充填介质的变化特征；在突水突泥顶部缓慢加水，观察汇水过程及再次突水突泥的时间和突水情况。
进行不同试验工况水流速度、充填介质浓度、运移距离或/和颗粒级等对溶洞充填介质沉积特征的影响，以及颗粒级配、水头高度或/和沉积高度对间歇型突水突泥过程的影响规律。
与现有技术相比，本公开的有益效果为：
本公开基于溶洞发育规律，采用摄影测量技术，研发可视化突水突泥试验装置，开展岩溶隧道充填型溶洞沉积序列及间歇型突水突泥灾变试验研究，再现大型溶洞充填介质沉积过程和间歇型突水突泥灾变过程，研究隧道间歇型突水突泥形成条件与影响因素，揭示其突水突泥灾害发生、发展规律及致灾机理，相关研究成果可为隧道穿越充填型溶洞突水突泥灾害的预防和治理提供指导。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。
图1是试验装置整体示意图；
图2是DIC高速摄像机与沉积箱布置示意图；
图3是沉积箱结构示意图；
图4(a)和图4(b)是有机玻璃挡板结构示意图；
图5是铲子结构示意图。
其中，1—搅拌机；2—搅拌箱；3—无纸记录仪；4—电磁流量计；5—水槽；6—阀门；7、15、20、21—有机玻璃板；8、23—支撑架；9—透水板；10—法兰构造；11—贴尺；12—沉积箱；13—连接活节；14—圆形管道；16—集水箱；17—DIC高速摄像机；18—水泵；19—水龙头；22—铲子。
具体实施方式：
下面结合附图与实施例对本公开作进一步说明。
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
在本公开中，术语如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”、“竖直”、“水平”、“侧”、“底”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，只是为了便于叙述本公开各部件或元件结构关系而确定的关系词，并非特指本公开中任一部件或元件，不能理解为对本公开的限制。
本公开中，术语如“固接”、“相连”、“连接”等应做广义理解，表示可以 是固定连接，也可以是一体地连接或可拆卸连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的相关科研或技术人员，可以根据具体情况确定上述术语在本公开中的具体含义，不能理解为对本公开的限制。
参见图1～5，一种充填溶洞沉积与隧道间歇型突水突泥灾变一体化试验装置，包括搅拌箱2、水泵18、电磁流量计4、无纸记录仪3、水槽5、圆形管道14、箱体12(沉积箱)、DIC高速摄像机17、透水板9、阀门6、集水箱16及支撑架8；搅拌箱2放在水槽5进水口左侧，其中搅拌箱2出水口处连有水泵18和电磁流量计4及无纸记录仪3，搅拌箱2出水口管道与水槽5高度相平，水槽5与沉积箱12为法兰连接构造，沉积箱12底部设有阀门6和连接活节13，用于连接沉积箱12与圆形管道14，沉积箱内底部放置透水板9和透水石，集水箱16放在水槽5出水口右侧。
进一步地，搅拌箱2底部连接PPR出水管，出水口处连接水泵18和电磁流量计4及无纸记录仪3，水槽5进水口设有阀门6，可通过阀门6控制试验试样流速及流量大小，所述搅拌箱2容量为1000L，所述电磁流量计4和无纸记录仪3用于计算搅拌箱泥水混合物单位时间流出量和流速曲线。
进一步地，水槽末端设置高度10cm的有机玻璃挡板15，保证水槽5内水流具有一定高度，沿水槽顶面间隔一定距离设置有机玻璃板7，增加水槽整体刚性，所述水槽采用透明有机玻璃材质，有机玻璃板厚度为12mm，体积为720cm*30cm*30cm。
进一步地，水槽5与沉积箱12为法兰连接构造，所述法兰连接构造沿水槽5底部每间隔200cm设置一个，共3个法兰连接构造，所述沉积箱12采用透明 有机玻璃材质，沉积箱长×宽×高：30cm*30cm*100cm，沉积箱每个侧面标有水平刻度和竖向刻度。
进一步地，沉积箱底部设有阀门6和连接活节13及排水水龙头19，沉积箱内底部放置透水板9和透水石，所述沉积箱顶部进口设计30cm*30cm正方形有机玻璃板20和30cm*30cm带孔有机玻璃板21各两个，其孔径为长×宽：15cm*15cm。所述连接活节13用于连接沉积箱16和圆形管道14，连接接缝处粘贴止水条或放置橡胶垫，保证接缝处密封性良好，圆形管道放置在不锈钢支撑架23上。
进一步地，沉积箱内底部设有透水板9，所述透水板面积为30cm*30cm，透水板底部有6个高度为5cm的支座，透水板上放置透水石，并在透水石上覆盖一层滤纸，沉积箱12内充填介质沉积固结过程中内部水分通过透水石下渗，透水板9由格状支撑和流水通道组成，便于渗透下的水进行汇集和***，用于排出沉积箱内泥沙沉积固结过程中渗透的多余水分。
进一步地，圆形管道L＝2m，D＝50mm，所述圆形管道14采用透明有机玻璃材质，制作一个略小于圆形管道直径可伸缩的铲子22，用于首次突水突泥后在圆形管道内清淤。
进一步地，水槽5出水口右侧放置集水箱16，所述集水箱16体积为300L，集水箱底部出口连接软排水管，管道通向下水道，避免污染试验场地。
进一步地，沉积箱侧面放置DIC高速摄像机17进行拍摄，分析沉积序列颗粒的位移-应变规律及沉积序列裂纹宽度计算，DIC高速摄像机17采用光学***为XTDIC三维全场动态应变变形测量***。
一种充填溶洞沉积与隧道间歇型突水突泥灾变一体化试验装置，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，组装试验装置并清洗，检查各仪器是否正常工作，将透水板9和透水石及滤纸按顺序分别放到3个沉积箱12内。
步骤2，将搅拌箱2内放满清水，打开水槽5进水口阀门6，待各个沉积箱12内充满水且水槽5内水位与挡板15高度一致。然后，按设计的颗粒级配配置充填介质试样，将试样倒入搅拌箱内并加入定量的水进行充分搅拌。
步骤3，将第2和第3沉积箱进口处分别放置30*30cm正方形挡板20，将集水箱16排水口阀门打开。
步骤4，打开电源开关，给水泵18、电磁流量计4、无纸记录仪3通电，记录试验过程相关数据，打开水槽进水口阀门，泥沙混合物流入水槽内，期间按比例往搅拌箱内加入试验试样和水，待泥沙将第一个沉积箱沉积到一定高度，关闭水槽进水口阀门。
步骤5，将第2个沉积箱进水口处挡板放置到第1个沉积箱进水口，继续打开出水口阀门，使泥沙沉积到第2个沉积箱，待第2个沉积箱泥沙沉积到一定高度，按相同试验步骤沉积第3个沉积箱。
步骤6，待3个沉积箱均充填完毕后，停止冲水，静置沉淀并打开沉积箱底部水龙头，沉积固结一定时间。
步骤7，将DIC高速摄像机放置沉积箱一侧，拍摄突水突泥过程中沉积箱内沉积序列及泥沙颗粒位移-应变规律。
沉积箱内充填介质沉积固结完成后，连上圆形管道，打开沉积箱与圆形管道连接阀门，观察突水突泥过程。若未发生突水突泥，则在沉积箱内加水，记录突水过程。
待首次突水突泥灾害发生后，观察突出物在接收装置的分布形态，观察沉积箱内充填介质的变化特征。
突水突泥顶部缓慢加水，观察汇水过程及再次突水突泥的时间，突水情况。
重复上述试验步骤，进行不同试验工况水流速度、充填介质浓度、运移距离、颗粒级配等对溶洞充填介质沉积特征的影响和颗粒级配、水头高度、沉积高度等对间歇型突水突泥过程的影响规律。
当然，上述各个部件中的尺寸参数等在其他实施例中均是可以改变的。
上述装置可对不同试验工况进行模拟，可根据不同变量进行溶洞内充填介质沉积过程的模拟和模拟间歇型突水突泥灾害发生过程，本试验装置可以进一步研究不同颗粒级配、沉积箱进口面积大小、试样流速大小、沉积固结时间、水头高度等对溶洞充填介质沉积过程和间歇型突水突泥灾变过程的影响。为再现大型溶洞充填介质沉积过程和间歇型突水突泥灾变过程，研究隧道间歇型突水突泥形成条件与影响因素，揭示其突水突泥灾害发生、发展规律及致灾机理，相关研究成果可为隧道穿越充填型溶洞突水突泥灾害的预防和治理提供指导。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
上述虽然结合附图对本公开的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本公开保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本公开的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本公开的保护范围以内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种充填溶洞沉积与隧道间歇型突水突泥灾变一体化试验装置，其特征是：包括搅拌箱、水槽、集水箱和若干沉积箱，其中，所述搅拌箱的出口与管道的一端连接，所述管道的另一端延伸至水槽一端，所述水槽下端间隔设置有若干沉积箱，水槽的另一端设置有集水箱，所述水槽内在各沉积箱的前端设置有可拆卸的口径不同挡板；
    所述管道上设置有阀门、流量计和记录仪，所述阀门用于控制搅拌后的泥水混合物流速与流量大小，所述流量计和记录仪用于计算搅拌箱内的泥水混合物单位时间流出量和流速曲线；
    所述沉积箱与水槽通过法兰结构连接，沉积箱底部设置有透水板和透水石，所述沉积箱的一侧设置有开关，所述沉积箱的另一侧设置连接活节，所述连接活节与管路连接，所述连接活节与沉积箱之间设置有控制阀，所述管路上设置有摄像机，对沉积箱内的突水突泥过程进行摄像，以分析计算沉积序列颗粒的位移-应变规律及沉积序列裂纹宽度。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种充填溶洞沉积与隧道间歇型突水突泥灾变一体化试验装置，其特征是：所述搅拌箱出口处的管道与水槽高度相持平；
    或，所述水槽的末端设置有具有一定高度的水槽挡板，保证水槽内水流具有一定高度；
    或，所述水槽两端设置有支撑架。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种充填溶洞沉积与隧道间歇型突水突泥灾变一体化试验装置，其特征是：所述集水箱底部设置有出口，出口连接能够通向下水道的排水管。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种充填溶洞沉积与隧道间歇型突水突泥灾变一体化试验装置，其特征是：所述沉积箱上设置有水平刻度和竖向刻度。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种充填溶洞沉积与隧道间歇型突水突泥灾变一体化试验装置，其特征是：所述连接活节用于连接沉积箱和管路，连接接缝处设置有密封机构，保证接缝处密封性良好。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的一种充填溶洞沉积与隧道间歇型突水突泥灾变一体化试验装置，其特征是：所述透水板上设置有透水石，透水石上覆盖至少一层滤纸，沉积箱内充填介质沉积固结过程中水分通过透水石下渗，透水板包括设置在板上的呈阵列的多个流水通道和用于支撑板的支撑件，以排出沉积箱内泥沙沉积固结过程中渗透的多余水分。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一种充填溶洞沉积与隧道间歇型突水突泥灾变一体化试验装置，其特征是：所述摄像机采用光学***为XTDIC三维全场动态应变变形测量***。
  8. 基于权利要求1-7中任一项所述的装置的工作方法，其特征是，包括以下步骤：
    检查各部分是否正常工作，将透水板和透水石及滤纸按顺序分别放到各个沉积箱内；
    将搅拌箱内放满清水，打开水槽进水口阀门，待各个沉积箱内充满水且水槽内水位达到设定高度，按设定的颗粒级配配置充填介质试样，将试样倒入搅拌箱内并加入定量的水进行充分搅拌；
    将除第一个沉积箱以外的所有沉积箱进口处放置挡板，将集水箱排水口打 开；
    利用流量计、记录仪记录试验过程相关数据，打开水槽进水口，使泥沙混合物流入水槽内，期间按比例往搅拌箱内加入试验试样和水，待泥沙将第一个沉积箱沉积到一定高度，关闭水槽进水口阀门；
    将第二个沉积箱进水口处挡板放置到第一个沉积箱进水口，继续打开出水口阀门，使泥沙沉积到第二个沉积箱，待第二个沉积箱泥沙沉积到一定高度，按相同试验步骤依次沉积箱；
    待设定个数的沉积箱均充填完毕后，停止冲水，静置沉淀并打开沉积箱底部开关，沉积固结一定时间；
    根据拍摄的图像，分析突水突泥过程中沉积箱内沉积序列及泥沙颗粒位移-应变规律。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的工作方法，其特征是：沉积箱内充填介质沉积固结完成后，连上管路，打开沉积箱与管路之间的连接阀门，观察突水突泥过程，若未发生突水突泥，则在沉积箱内加水，记录突水过程；
    或，待首次突水突泥灾害发生后，观察突出物的分布形态，观察沉积箱内充填介质的变化特征；在突水突泥顶部缓慢加水，观察汇水过程及再次突水突泥的时间和突水情况。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的工作方法，其特征是：进行不同试验工况水流速度、充填介质浓度、运移距离或/和颗粒级等对溶洞充填介质沉积特征的影响，以及颗粒级配、水头高度或/和沉积高度对间歇型突水突泥过程的影响规律。
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