WO2020196924A1 - 潤滑油基油の製造方法 - Google Patents
潤滑油基油の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020196924A1 WO2020196924A1 PCT/JP2020/014671 JP2020014671W WO2020196924A1 WO 2020196924 A1 WO2020196924 A1 WO 2020196924A1 JP 2020014671 W JP2020014671 W JP 2020014671W WO 2020196924 A1 WO2020196924 A1 WO 2020196924A1
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G65/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only
- C10G65/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only
- C10G65/12—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
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- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/04—Alumina
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- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/066—Zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
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- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/185—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals
- B01J27/1853—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals with iron, cobalt or nickel
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/186—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J27/188—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
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- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
- C10G47/02—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G47/10—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used with catalysts deposited on a carrier
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- C10G67/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only
- C10G67/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
- C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
- C10M101/025—Petroleum fractions waxes
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- C10G2300/308—Gravity, density, e.g. API
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
- C10G2300/4006—Temperature
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- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/10—Lubricating oil
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- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a lubricating oil base oil.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing a lubricating oil base oil by hydrotreating a wax-containing raw material, catalytic hydrodesulfurization, and hydrogenation refining.
- the present invention is a method for producing a lubricating oil base oil, which can treat both a light wax and a heavy wax with the same reactor and the same catalyst, and can efficiently produce a lubricating oil base oil from each raw material.
- the purpose is to provide.
- One aspect of the present invention is to flow a light wax having a kinematic viscosity of less than 6 mm 2 / s at 100 ° C. through a first reactor containing a hydrogenation treatment catalyst, and to combine the hydrogenation treatment catalyst and the light wax.
- a first hydrotreating step of obtaining the first processing oil, above the first reactor kinematic viscosity was circulated heavy wax or 6 mm 2 / s at 100 ° C.
- the second hydrogenation treatment step of bringing the hydrogenation treatment catalyst and the heavy wax into contact with each other at a temperature T 2 to obtain a second treatment oil, and the first treatment oil and the second treatment.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a lubricating oil base oil, which comprises a base oil manufacturing process for obtaining a lubricating oil base oil from a raw material oil containing at least one selected from the group consisting of oils.
- the hydrotreating catalyst, ammonia - inorganic oxide support amount A 1 of total acid sites is 0.5 mmol / g or more as measured by Atsushi Nobori spectroscopy, periodic table Group 6 , A catalyst carrying one or more metals selected from the elements of Group 8, Group 9, and Group 10, and the temperature T 2 is higher than the temperature T 1 .
- both light wax and heavy wax can be treated with the same reactor (first reactor) and the same catalyst.
- first reactor first reactor
- the same catalyst by adjusting the treatment temperature using a specific catalyst, light wax can be desulfurized while suppressing decomposition, and heavy wax can be desulfurized while being lightened by hydrocracking. Therefore, a lubricating oil base oil having suitable low temperature performance and viscosity characteristics can be efficiently produced from both the first treated oil obtained from the light wax and the second treated oil obtained from the heavy wax. ..
- the inorganic oxide support, ammonia - amount A 2 of acid sites measured in the temperature range of 300 ° C. or more of the acid sites as measured by Atsushi Nobori spectroscopy is, 0.2 mmol / g or less It may be.
- the sulfur content of the light wax may be 10 mass ppm or more and less than 1500 mass ppm, and the sulfur content of the heavy wax may be 100 mass ppm or more and 5000 mass ppm or less.
- the density of the light wax at 15 ° C. may be 0.76 g / cm 3 or more and less than 0.835 g / cm 3
- the density of the heavy wax at 15 ° C. is 0.835 g / cm 3 It may be 0.88 g / cm 3 or more.
- the temperature T 1 may be 250 ° C. or higher and lower than 350 ° C.
- the temperature T 2 may be 350 ° C. or higher and 450 ° C. or lower.
- the base oil production step includes a step of obtaining a desulfurized oil by hydrodesulfurization of the raw material oil, a step of obtaining a hydrorefined oil by hydrorefining the desulfurized oil, and the hydrogen.
- the step of obtaining the lubricating oil base oil by distillation of the refined oil may be included.
- the base oil production step includes a step of obtaining a base oil distillate by distilling the raw material oil, a step of obtaining a dewaxed oil by hydroisomerization dewazing of the base oil distillate, and the above desorption. It may include a step of obtaining a hydrorefined oil by hydrorefining a brazing oil and a step of obtaining the lubricating oil base oil by distilling the hydrorefined oil.
- both light wax and heavy wax can be treated with the same reactor and the same catalyst, and a lubricating oil base oil can be efficiently produced from each raw material.
- a manufacturing method is provided.
- a light wax having a kinematic viscosity of less than 6 mm 2 / s at 100 ° C. is circulated in a first reactor containing a hydrogenation catalyst, and the hydrogenation catalyst is produced. It is provided with a first hydrogenation treatment step of bringing the light wax into contact with each other at a temperature T 1 to obtain a first treatment oil.
- a heavy wax having a kinematic viscosity of 6 mm 2 / s or more at 100 ° C. is circulated in the first reactor, and the hydrogenation treatment catalyst and the above are described.
- a second hydrogenation treatment step of bringing the heavy wax into contact at a temperature T 2 to obtain a second treatment oil is further provided.
- the order of the first hydrogenation treatment step and the second hydrogenation treatment step is not particularly limited, and the second hydrogenation treatment step is carried out in the first reactor after the first hydrogenation treatment step is carried out.
- the first hydrogenation treatment step may be carried out in the first reactor after the second hydrogenation treatment step is carried out.
- the temperature T 2 is higher than the temperature T 1
- the sulfur content in the heavy wax is larger than the sulfur content in the light wax.
- the method for producing a lubricating oil base oil is a group for obtaining a lubricating oil base oil from a raw material oil containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a first treated oil and a second treated oil. Further equipped with an oil manufacturing process.
- the hydrotreating catalyst, ammonia - inorganic oxide support amount A 1 of total acid sites is 0.5 mmol / g or more as measured by Atsushi Nobori spectroscopy, periodic table Group 6, It is a catalyst supporting one or more metals selected from the elements of Group 8, Group 9, and Group 10.
- both light wax and heavy wax can be treated in the same reactor (first reactor). Further, in the above production method, by using a specific catalyst and adjusting the treatment temperature, the light wax can be desulfurized while suppressing decomposition, and the heavy wax can be desulfurized while being lightened by hydrodecomposition. Therefore, a lubricating oil base oil having suitable low temperature performance and viscosity characteristics can be efficiently produced from both the first treated oil obtained from the light wax and the second treated oil obtained from the heavy wax. ..
- first hydrogenation treatment step a light wax is circulated through a first reactor containing a hydrogenation treatment catalyst, and the hydrogenation treatment catalyst and the light wax are brought into contact with each other at a temperature T 1 for the first treatment. This is the process of obtaining oil.
- the hydrogenation catalyst and the light wax may be brought into contact with each other in the presence of hydrogen. That is, the first hydrogenation treatment step may be a step of circulating the light wax and hydrogen to the first reactor.
- the light wax is a wax having a kinematic viscosity of less than 6 mm 2 / s at 100 ° C.
- the kinematic viscosity of the light wax at 100 ° C. may be 4.5 mm 2 / s or less.
- the kinematic viscosity of the light wax at 100 ° C. is preferably 3 mm 2 / s or more, and more preferably 3.5 mm 2 / s or more.
- Density at 15 °C lighter wax may be for example 0.76 g / cm 3 or more, preferably 0.77 g / cm 3 or more.
- the density at 15 °C lighter wax may be less than for example 0.835 g / cm 3, preferably 0.82 g / cm 3 or less.
- the sulfur content in the light wax may be, for example, 10 mass ppm or more, 50 mass ppm or more, or 100 mass ppm or more. Further, the sulfur content in the light wax may be less than 1500 mass ppm, 1000 mass ppm or less, or 500 mass ppm or less.
- the sulfur content indicates a value measured in accordance with "Crude oil and petroleum products-Sulfur content test method-Part 6: Ultraviolet fluorescence method" described in JIS K 2541-6.
- Light wax can also be said to be a hydrocarbon oil whose main component is normal paraffin.
- the content of normal paraffin in the light wax is, for example, 50% by mass or more, preferably 55% by mass or more, and more preferably 60% by mass or more.
- the light wax may contain oil.
- the oil content in the light wax may be, for example, 20% by mass or less, and may be 15% by mass or less.
- the oil content indicates a value measured in accordance with "petroleum wax" described in JIS K 2235.
- the light wax may be, for example, a petroleum-derived wax, a synthetic oil-derived wax synthesized by an FT reaction, or a wax obtained by a solvent dewaxing process.
- the hydrogenation treatment catalyst is a catalyst in which one or more metals selected from the elements of Group 6, Group 8, Group 9 and Group 10 of the periodic table are supported on an inorganic oxide carrier.
- the amount A 1 of the total acid points measured by the ammonia-heated elimination method is 0.5 mmol / g or more.
- the desulfurization catalyst for treating the light wax it is common to use a carrier having a decomposing activity and a low acidity point.
- the amount A 1 of Zensanten have an inorganic oxide carrier is 0.5 mmol / g or more, thereby, heavy in the second hydrogenation step described later Wax can be decomposed.
- the upper limit of the total acid point amount A 1 is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of further suppressing the decomposition of the light wax, the total acid point amount A 1 may be, for example, 0.7 mmol / g or less, and 0. It may be 6 mmol / g or less.
- ammonia-heated desorption method (ammonia-TPD method, Ammonia Temperature Projected Deposition) is widely known as an effective method for characterizing the acidity of a solid catalyst.
- ammonia-TPD method Ammonia Temperature Projected Deposition
- C.I. V. Hidalgo et al., Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 85, pp. 362-369 (1984) show that the amount of acid points and the distribution of acid strength of acid points can be measured by the ammonia-heated elimination method. There is.
- the ammonia-heated desorption method is to simultaneously measure the amount and temperature of ammonia desorbed by adsorbing ammonia, which is a base probe molecule, on the solid of the sample and continuously raising the temperature.
- Ammonia adsorbed on a weak acid point is desorbed at a low temperature (corresponding to desorption in a range where the heat of adsorption is low), and ammonia adsorbed on a strong acid point is desorbed at a high temperature (in a range where the heat of adsorption is high). (Equivalent to the detachment of).
- the acid strength is indicated by the temperature and the amount of heat of adsorption, and since the color reaction is not used, the solid acid strength and the amount of solid acid are more accurate values.
- the amount of acid points in the inorganic oxide carrier is determined by the apparatus and measurement conditions described in "Niwa; Zeolite, 10,175 (1993)" and the like, and the amount of ammonia adsorbed is measured by ammonia-rise. The value obtained by the thermal desorption method is shown.
- the amount A 2 of the acid points measured in the temperature range of 300 ° C. or higher among the acid points measured by the ammonia-heated desorption method may be, for example, 0.2 mmol / g or less. It is preferably 0.18 mmol / g or less. Since such a carrier has a small amount of strong acid sites, the decomposition of the light wax is more significantly suppressed in the first hydrogenation treatment step.
- the amount of acid points A 2 may be, for example, 0.1 mmol / g or more, preferably 0.12 mmol / g, from the viewpoint of further promoting the decomposition of heavy wax in the second hydrogenation treatment step described later. That is all.
- the inorganic oxide carrier is preferably a porous inorganic oxide.
- the inorganic oxide carrier may be, for example, an inorganic oxide containing two or more elements selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silicon, zirconium, boron and titanium.
- the method for introducing two or more elements selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silicon, zirconium, boron and titanium into the carrier is not particularly limited, and for example, a composite oxide is prepared using a solution containing a plurality of elements as a raw material.
- the element-containing solution may be, for example, an aqueous solution of an element-containing compound.
- the compound containing an element include, for example, aluminum, aluminum hydroxide, boehmite and the like for aluminum, silicon, water glass, silica sol and the like for silicon, and various types of zirconium sulfate and zirconium for zirconium. Examples thereof include alcokiside, boric acid and the like for boron, and titanium sulfide, titanium tetrachloride, and various alcokisides of titanium for titanium.
- Inorganic oxides containing two or more elements have different types of inorganic oxides, so that the charge distribution on the surface is localized, acidic protons are easily generated as surface hydroxyl groups, and acid points are easily expressed. .. It is known that the expression of acid points changes depending on the type and composition of the inorganic oxide. Therefore, by changing the type, composition, and the like of the inorganic oxide, it is possible to control the amount of acid points and the ammonia desorption temperature when the acid is measured by the ammonia-heat temperature desorption method. From the viewpoint of expressing acid points, the inorganic oxide carrier preferably contains aluminum, which is a trivalent metal, and other elements having different valences.
- the inorganic oxide carrier is composed of aluminum and silicon (the total content of aluminum and silicon is 95% by mass or more, preferably 99 in terms of alumina and silicon dioxide, based on the total amount of the inorganic oxide carrier. (In the case of mass% or more), the content of aluminum is preferably 30 to 90% by mass, more preferably 40 to 85% by mass, still more preferably 50 to 80% by mass in terms of alumina, based on the total amount of the inorganic oxide carrier. %.
- the inorganic oxide carrier is composed of aluminum, silicon and zirconium (the total content of aluminum, silicon and zirconium is based on the total amount of the inorganic oxide carrier in terms of alumina, silicon dioxide and zirconia). 95% by mass or more, preferably 99% by mass or more), the content of aluminum is preferably 30 to 90% by mass, more preferably 40 to 80% by mass in terms of alumina, based on the total amount of the inorganic oxide carrier. , More preferably 50 to 70% by mass.
- the inorganic oxide carrier is composed of aluminum, silicon and titanium (the total content of aluminum, silicon and titanium is based on the total amount of the inorganic oxide carrier in terms of alumina, silicon dioxide and titania).
- the aluminum content is preferably 30 to 90% by mass, more preferably 40 to 80% by mass, in terms of alumina, based on the total amount of the inorganic oxide carrier. , More preferably 50 to 70% by mass.
- an inorganic oxide carrier containing aluminum and an element other than aluminum it is preferable to add the constituent elements other than aluminum in the step prior to firing the carrier.
- an aluminum hydroxide gel containing these components may be prepared, and the above-mentioned raw materials may be added to the prepared aluminum hydroxide gel.
- the above raw materials may be added in the step of adding water or an acidic aqueous solution to the aluminum oxide intermediate or boehmite powder and kneading them.
- a raw material containing a constituent element other than aluminum may be prepared in advance, and an alumina raw material such as boehmite powder may be blended therein.
- the inorganic oxide carrier may further contain phosphorus as a constituent element.
- phosphorus the content thereof is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 7% by mass, still more preferably 2 in terms of oxide, based on the total amount of the inorganic oxide carrier. ⁇ 6% by mass.
- a solution of phosphoric acid, an alkali metal salt of phosphoric acid or the like can be used.
- the hydrogenation treatment catalyst has one or more metals (hereinafter, also referred to as active metals) selected from the elements of Group 6, Group 8, Group 9 and Group 10 of the periodic table.
- the hydrogenation treatment catalyst preferably has two or more kinds selected from cobalt, molybdenum, nickel and tungsten.
- Suitable combinations of active metals include, for example, cobalt-molybdenum, nickel-molybdenum, nickel-cobalt-molybdenum, nickel-tungsten and the like, with nickel-molybdenum, nickel-cobalt-molybdenum and nickel-tungsten being more preferred.
- These active metals may be in any state on the hydrogenation catalyst and can be used, for example, in the state of sulfide.
- the total content of tungsten and molybdenum is preferably 12% by mass or more, more preferably 15% by mass or more in terms of oxide, based on the total amount of the hydrogenation treatment catalyst. Further, the hydrogenation treatment catalyst preferably has a total content of tungsten and molybdenum of 35% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or less in terms of oxide, based on the total amount of the hydrogenation treatment catalyst. ..
- the total content of tungsten and molybdenum is 12% by mass or more, the number of active sites tends to increase and the hydrogenation activity tends to be better. Further, when the total content of tungsten and molybdenum is 35% by mass or less, the dispersibility of the metal is improved and the reaction efficiency tends to be further improved.
- the total content of cobalt and nickel of the hydrogenation treatment catalyst is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 1.5% by mass or more in terms of oxide, based on the total amount of the hydrogenation treatment catalyst. .. Further, the hydrogenation treatment catalyst preferably has a total content of cobalt and nickel of 15% by mass or less, more preferably 13% by mass or less in terms of oxides, based on the total amount of the hydrogenation treatment catalyst. .. When the total content of cobalt and nickel is 1% by mass or more, the effect of the cocatalyst is remarkably exhibited, and the activity tends to be further improved. Further, when the total content of cobalt and nickel is 15% by mass or less, the dispersibility of the metal is improved and the reaction efficiency tends to be further improved.
- the method of supporting the active metal on the inorganic oxide carrier is not particularly limited, and a known supporting method can be used without particular limitation.
- the supporting method include a method including a step of impregnating an inorganic oxide carrier with a solution containing an active metal (for example, a solution in which a salt of the active metal is dissolved).
- a solution containing an active metal for example, a solution in which a salt of the active metal is dissolved.
- an equilibrium adsorption method, a Poros-filling method, an Incipient-wetness method and the like are also preferably adopted.
- the Pole-filing method is a method in which the pore volume of a carrier is measured in advance and impregnated with a metal salt solution having the same volume.
- Phosphorus may be supported on the inorganic oxide carrier together with the active metal as an active ingredient.
- the amount of phosphorus supported is preferably 0.5% by mass or more, more preferably 1% by mass or more in terms of oxide, based on the total amount of the hydrogenation catalyst.
- the amount of phosphorus supported is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less in terms of oxide, based on the total amount of the hydrogenation catalyst.
- the method of supporting phosphorus on the carrier is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of coexisting with the above-mentioned solution containing an active metal, a method of supporting the active metal before or after the support, and the like.
- the pore volume of the inorganic oxide carrier is preferably 0.30 mL / g or more, and more preferably 0.45 mL / g or more.
- the pore volume is preferably 0.85 mL / g or less, and more preferably 0.80 mL / g or less.
- the average pore diameter of the inorganic oxide carrier is preferably 5 nm or more, more preferably 6 nm or more.
- the average pore diameter is preferably 15 nm or less, more preferably 12 nm or less.
- the reaction substrate tends to diffuse into the pores, and the reactivity tends to be further improved.
- the average pore diameter is small, the pore surface area tends to increase and the activity tends to be further improved.
- the specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore diameter of the inorganic oxide carrier can be determined by the nitrogen adsorption method.
- the specific surface area is determined by the BET method, and the pore volume and the average pore diameter are determined by the BJH method.
- the ratio of the pore volume derived from the pores having a pore diameter of 3 nm or less to the total pore volume is determined. It is preferably 35% by volume or less.
- the first reactor may contain at least one of the above-mentioned hydrogenation treatment catalysts.
- the first reactor may contain two or more hydrogenation treatment catalysts, and may further contain other catalysts having desulfurization activity.
- the ratio of the above-mentioned hydrogenation treatment catalyst to the catalyst having desulfurization activity is preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, and more preferably 80% by mass or more. It is more preferably 90% by mass or more.
- the first reactor has a guard catalyst, a demetallizing catalyst, an inert filler, etc., for the purpose of trapping the scale component or supporting the hydrogenation treatment catalyst at the partition portion of the catalyst bed, if necessary. May be further contained.
- the light wax is circulated through the first reactor containing the hydrogenation treatment catalyst, the hydrogenation treatment catalyst and the light wax are brought into contact with each other under predetermined reaction conditions, and the light wax is hydrogenated. It can be said that it is a process of hydrogenation.
- the temperature T 1 is lower than the temperature T 2 described later.
- the temperature T 1 may be, for example, 250 ° C. or higher, preferably 280 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 300 ° C. or higher. Further, the temperature T 1 may be, for example, less than 350 ° C., preferably 340 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 330 ° C. or lower. When the temperature T 1 is in this range, desulfurization of the light wax can be efficiently performed while suppressing the decomposition of the light wax.
- reaction conditions other than temperature are not particularly limited and can be appropriately changed according to desired base oil characteristics and the like.
- the reaction conditions include, for example, a hydrogen pressure of 2 to 20 MPa, a liquid space velocity (LHSV) of 0.2 to 3 h- 1 , and a hydrogen oil ratio (hydrogen / oil ratio) of 500 to 8000 scfb (89 to 1425 m 3 / m 3). ) Can be.
- LHSV liquid space velocity
- hydrogen oil ratio hydrogen / oil ratio
- the pressure is expressed as an absolute pressure.
- Degradation rate by hydrotreating the content W 1 of the raw material wax hydrocarbon having a boiling point of more than 360 ° C. in (the first light wax hydrotreating step), and the boiling point of the hydrotreated product 360 It can be calculated by the following formula from the hydrocarbon content W 2 at ° C. or higher.
- Decomposition rate (mass%) 100 x (W 1- W 2 ) / W 1
- the decomposition rate in the first hydrogenation treatment step is preferably 6.0% by mass or less, more preferably 3.0% by mass or less.
- the reaction conditions may be appropriately changed so that the decomposition rate is within the above range.
- the first treatment oil is obtained.
- the sulfur content in the first treated oil may be, for example, 30 mass ppm or less, preferably 20 mass ppm or less, and more preferably 10 mass ppm or less.
- the reaction conditions may be appropriately changed so that the sulfur content falls within the above range.
- the hydrocracking of light wax may produce light fractions such as gas, naphtha, and kerosene, but the first treatment oil may contain these light fractions. Often, these light fractions may be removed from the hydrotreated product.
- the density of the first treated oil at 15 ° C. may be, for example, 0.81 g / cm 3 or more, preferably 0.815 g / cm 3 or more.
- the density at 15 °C of the first processing oil may be less than for example 0.835 g / cm 3, preferably 0.83 g / cm 3 or less.
- the content of normal paraffin in the first treated oil is, for example, 50% by mass or more, preferably 55% by mass or more, and more preferably 60% by mass or more.
- Second hydrotreating step the first reactor containing a hydrotreating catalyst, was circulated heavy wax and a hydrotreating catalyst and heavy waxes are contacted at a temperature T 2, the second This is the process of obtaining the processing oil of.
- the hydrogenation catalyst and the heavy wax may be brought into contact with each other in the presence of hydrogen. That is, the second hydrogenation treatment step may be a step of circulating heavy wax and hydrogen to the first reactor.
- the heavy wax is a wax having a kinematic viscosity of 6 mm 2 / s or more at 100 ° C.
- the kinematic viscosity of the heavy wax at 100 ° C. may be 7 mm 2 / s or more.
- kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of heavy wax is preferably not more than 15 mm 2 / s, more preferably at most 12 mm 2 / s.
- the density of the heavy wax at 15 ° C. may be, for example, 0.835 g / cm 3 or more, preferably 0.84 g / cm 3 or more.
- the density of the heavy wax at 15 ° C. may be, for example, 0.88 g / cm 3 or less, preferably 0.87 g / cm 3 or less.
- the sulfur content in the heavy wax may be, for example, 100 mass ppm or more, 500 mass ppm or more, or 1000 mass ppm or more.
- the sulfur content in the heavy wax may be, for example, 5000 mass ppm or less, 3000 mass ppm or less, or 2000 mass ppm or less.
- the content of normal paraffin in the heavy wax is, for example, 15% by mass or more, preferably 20% by mass or more, and more preferably 25% by mass or more.
- the heavy wax may contain oil.
- the oil content in the heavy wax may be, for example, 30% by mass or less, or 20% by mass or less.
- the oil content indicates a value measured in accordance with "petroleum wax" described in JIS K 2235.
- the heavy wax may be, for example, a petroleum-derived wax, a synthetic oil-derived wax synthesized by an FT reaction, or a wax obtained by a solvent dewaxing process.
- the heavy wax is circulated through the first reactor containing the hydrogenation treatment catalyst, and the hydrogenation treatment catalyst and the heavy wax are brought into contact with each other under predetermined reaction conditions to make the heavy wax heavy. It can be said that the process of hydrogenating the wax.
- the temperature T 2 is a temperature higher than the above-mentioned temperature T 1 .
- the temperature T 2 may be, for example, 350 ° C. or higher, preferably 370 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 380 ° C. or higher.
- the temperature T 2 may be, for example, 450 ° C. or lower, preferably 430 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 420 ° C. or lower.
- the reaction conditions other than the temperature are not particularly limited and can be appropriately changed according to the desired base oil characteristics and the like.
- the reaction conditions include, for example, a hydrogen pressure of 2 to 20 MPa, a liquid space velocity (LHSV) of 0.2 to 3 h- 1 , and a hydrogen oil ratio (hydrogen / oil ratio) of 500 to 8000 scfb (89 to 1425 m 3 / m 3). ) Can be.
- LHSV liquid space velocity
- hydrogen oil ratio hydrogen / oil ratio
- the reaction conditions other than the temperature in the second hydrogenation treatment step may be substantially the same as or different from the reaction conditions other than the temperature in the first hydrogenation treatment step.
- To match the reaction conditions other than the temperature in the first hydrogenation process and the second hydrogenation process simply change the raw material wax (light wax or heavy wax) and temperature (T 1 or T 2 ).
- the first hydrogenation treatment step and the second hydrogenation treatment step can be switched, and more efficient operation becomes possible.
- the reaction conditions are substantially the same, for example, when the difference in hydrogen pressure is 1 MPa or less, the difference in liquid space velocity is 0.3 h -1 or less, and the difference in hydrogen oil ratio is 500 scfb or less.
- Degradation rate by hydrotreating the content W 1 of the raw material wax hydrocarbon having a boiling point of more than 360 ° C. in (second hydrotreating heavy wax at step), and, the boiling point of the hydrotreated product From the hydrocarbon content W 2 of 360 ° C. or higher, it can be calculated by the following formula.
- Decomposition rate (mass%) 100 x (W 1- W 2 ) / W 1
- the decomposition rate in the second hydrogenation treatment step is preferably 15% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more.
- the decomposition rate in the second hydrogenation treatment step is preferably 40% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or less.
- the reaction conditions may be appropriately changed so that the decomposition rate is within the above range.
- the second treatment oil is obtained.
- the sulfur content in the second treated oil may be, for example, 30 mass ppm or less, preferably 20 mass ppm or less, and more preferably 10 mass ppm or less.
- the reaction conditions may be appropriately changed so that the sulfur content falls within the above range.
- the hydrocracking of heavy wax may produce light fractions such as gas, naphtha, and kerosene, but the second treatment oil contains these light fractions. It may be obtained by removing these light fractions from the hydrotreated product.
- Density at 15 °C the second processing oil may be for example 0.82 g / cm 3 or more, preferably 0.825 g / cm 3 or more.
- the density of the second treated oil at 15 ° C. may be, for example, less than 0.865 g / cm 3 , preferably 0.855 g / cm 3 or less.
- the content of normal paraffin in the second treated oil is, for example, 10% by mass or more, preferably 15% by mass or more, and more preferably 20% by mass or more.
- the order in which the first hydrogenation treatment step and the second hydrogenation treatment step are carried out is not particularly limited, and after the first hydrogenation treatment step is carried out, the second hydrogenation treatment step is carried out. It may be carried out, and after carrying out the second hydrogenation treatment step, the first hydrogenation treatment step may be carried out. Further, in the present embodiment, the first hydrogenation treatment step and the second hydrogenation treatment step may be alternately carried out a plurality of times.
- the lubricating oil base oil is produced from the first treated oil obtained in the first hydrogenation treatment step and the second treated oil obtained in the second hydrogenation treatment step.
- the first treated oil and the second treated oil may be separately subjected to the base oil manufacturing process described later, or may be subjected to the base oil manufacturing step described later as a mixture.
- the base oil production step is a step of obtaining a lubricating oil base oil from a raw material oil containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a first treated oil and a second treated oil.
- the raw material oil can be processed according to the form of the manufacturing equipment to be used, the characteristics of the desired lubricating oil base oil, and the like to obtain the lubricating oil base oil.
- the raw material oil may further contain hydrocarbon oils other than the first treated oil and the second treated oil. Further, the raw material oil may be a first treated oil, a second treated oil, or a mixture of the first treated oil and the second treated oil.
- the base oil production step may include a step of obtaining a desulfurized oil by hydrodesulfurization of the raw material oil (step A-1), and the hydrorefined oil is obtained by hydrorefining the desulfurized oil. (Step A-2) and a step of obtaining a lubricating oil base oil by distillation of hydrorefined oil (step A-3) may be further included.
- Step A-1 a step of obtaining a desulfurized oil by hydrodesulfurization of the raw material oil
- the hydrorefined oil is obtained by hydrorefining the desulfurized oil.
- Step A-3 a step of obtaining a lubricating oil base oil by distillation of hydrorefined oil
- Step A-1 is a step of obtaining dewaxed oil by hydrogenation isomerization dewazing of the raw material oil.
- hydrogenation isomerization dewaxing can be performed, for example, by contacting the feedstock oil with a hydrogenation isomerization catalyst in the presence of hydrogen.
- a hydrogenation isomerization catalyst for example, a catalyst generally used for hydrogenation isomerization, that is, a catalyst in which a metal having a hydrogenation activity is supported on an inorganic carrier or the like can be used.
- the metal having hydrogenation activity in the hydrogenation isomerization catalyst for example, one or more metals selected from the group consisting of the metals of Group 6, Group 8, Group 9 and Group 10 of the periodic table are used. Be done. Specific examples of these metals include precious metals such as platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, and osmium, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, iron, and the like, preferably platinum, palladium, nickel, and the like. Cobalt, molybdenum and tungsten, more preferably platinum and palladium.
- preferable combinations include platinum-palladium, cobalt-molybdenum, nickel-molybdenum, nickel-cobalt-molybdenum, nickel-tungsten and the like.
- the inorganic carrier in the hydrogenation isomerization catalyst examples include metal oxides such as alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, and boria. These metal oxides may be one kind, a mixture of two or more kinds, or a composite metal oxide such as silica alumina, silica zirconia, alumina zirconia, and alumina boria.
- the inorganic carrier is preferably a composite metal oxide having solid acidity such as silica alumina, silica zirconia, alumina zirconia, and alumina boria from the viewpoint of efficiently advancing the hydrogenation isomerization of normal paraffin.
- the inorganic carrier may contain a small amount of zeolite.
- the inorganic carrier may contain a binder for the purpose of improving the moldability and mechanical strength of the carrier. Preferred binders include alumina, silica, magnesia and the like.
- the content of the metal having hydrogenation activity in the hydrogenation isomerization catalyst is 0.1 to 3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the inorganic carrier as a metal atom. Is preferable. Further, the content of the metal having hydrogenation activity in the hydrogenation isomerization catalyst is preferably 2 to 50% by mass in terms of metal oxide when the metal is a metal other than the above-mentioned noble metal. .. Within such a content range, the metal tends to be well dispersed and high catalytic activity tends to be obtained.
- the hydrogenation isomerization catalyst is a carrier composed of a porous inorganic oxide containing at least one selected from aluminum, silicon, zirconium, boron, titanium, magnesium and zeolite, and the periodic table includes groups 6, 8 and 8.
- the catalyst may be a catalyst supporting one or more metals selected from the elements of the metals of Group 9 and Group 10.
- porous inorganic oxide examples include alumina, titania, zirconia, boria, silica, and zeolite.
- the method for producing the porous inorganic oxide is not particularly limited, but any preparation method can be adopted by using raw materials in various states such as various sol and salt compounds corresponding to each element. Furthermore, once a composite hydroxide or composite oxide such as silica-alumina, silica zirconia, alumina titania, silica titania, or alumina boria is prepared, the preparation step is performed in the state of alumina gel or other hydroxide or in a suitable solution. It may be added and prepared in any step of. The ratio of alumina to other oxides can be any ratio with respect to the carrier.
- the content of alumina is preferably 90% by mass or less, more preferably 60% by mass or less, further preferably 40% by mass or less, preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably, based on the total amount of the porous inorganic oxide. Is 20% by mass or more.
- Zeolites are crystalline aluminosilicates, including faujasite, pentacil, mordenite, TON, MTT, * MRE, * BEA, etc., which are super-stabilized by a given hydrothermal treatment and / or acid treatment, or in zeolite.
- the alumina content of the above-adjusted one can be used.
- Faujasite, mordenite, beta, particularly preferably Y-type and beta-type are used.
- the Y-type is preferably ultra-stabilized, and in addition to the original pore structure called micropores of 20 ⁇ or less, new pores are formed in the range of more than 20 ⁇ and 100 ⁇ or less in the zeolite ultra-stabilized by hydrothermal treatment. Will be done.
- Known conditions can be used as the hydrothermal treatment conditions.
- one or more metals selected from the elements of Group 6, Group 8, Group 9, and Group 10 of the periodic table one or more metals selected from Pd, Pt, Rh, Ir, and Ni are used. It is preferable, and it is more preferable to use two or more kinds in combination. Suitable combinations include, for example, Pd-Pt, Pd-Ir, Pd-Rh, Pd-Ni, Pt-Rh, Pt-Ir, Pt-Ni, Rh-Ir, Rh-Ni, Ir-Ni, Pd- Examples thereof include Pt-Rh, Pd-Pt-Ir, and Pt-Pd-Ni.
- the total content of one or more metals selected from the elements of Group 6, Group 8, Group 9 and Group 10 of the Periodic Table is 0.1 as a metal atom based on the total amount of the hydrogenation isomerization catalyst. It is preferably about 2% by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 1.5% by mass, and even more preferably 0.25 to 1.3% by mass. Within such a content range, the metal tends to be well dispersed and high catalytic activity tends to be obtained.
- the method of supporting the metal on the carrier is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used. Usually, a method of impregnating the carrier with a solution in which a metal salt is dissolved is preferably adopted. Further, the equilibrium adsorption method, the Pole-filing method, the Incipient-wetness method and the like are also preferably adopted.
- the hydrogenation isomerization catalyst for example, the catalyst described in JP-A-2017-43688 can be preferably used.
- step A-1 the reaction conditions of step A-1 will be described in detail.
- the reaction temperature for hydrogenation isomerization dewaxing is preferably 200 to 450 ° C, more preferably 280 to 400 ° C.
- the reaction temperature is in the above range, the isomerization of normal paraffin can be sufficiently promoted while suppressing the decomposition of the raw material oil.
- the reaction pressure for hydrogenation isomerization dewax is preferably 0.1 to 20 MPa, more preferably 0.5 to 10 MPa.
- the reaction pressure is in the above range, deterioration of the catalyst due to coke formation can be suppressed, and the equipment construction cost can also be suppressed.
- Liquid hourly space velocity relative to the catalyst of the feedstock in the hydroisomerization dewaxing is preferably 0.01 ⁇ 100h -1, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ 50h -1.
- the wax component can be sufficiently reduced / removed while suppressing the decomposition of the raw material oil.
- Supply ratio (hydrogen oil ratio) of hydrogen to feedstock of the hydroisomerization dewaxing is preferably 100 ⁇ 1500Nm 3 / m 3, more preferably 200 ⁇ 800Nm 3 / m 3.
- hydrogen-oil ratio is in the above range, sufficient catalytic performance can be easily obtained, and equipment construction costs can be suppressed.
- the dewaxing oil obtained in step A-1 preferably has a normal paraffin concentration of 10% by volume or less, and more preferably 1% by volume or less.
- the dewaxing oil obtained in step A-1 can be suitably used as a raw material for a lubricating oil base oil.
- the lubricating oil base oil can be obtained through the steps of obtaining the base oil (step A-3).
- Step A-2 is a step of obtaining hydrorefined oil by hydrorefining the desulfurized oil obtained in step A-1. Hydrorefining, for example, hydrogenates olefins and aromatic compounds in the desulfurized oil to improve the oxidative stability and hue of the lubricating oil base oil. Furthermore, it is expected that the sulfur content will be reduced by hydrogenating the sulfur compounds in the dewaxed oil.
- Hydrorefining can be performed by contacting the hydrodesulfurized oil with a hydrogenation refining catalyst in the presence of hydrogen.
- a hydrogenation refining catalyst for example, a carrier composed of one or more kinds of inorganic solid acidic substances selected from alumina, silica, zirconia, titania, boria, magnesia and phosphorus, and supported on the carrier.
- the hydrorefining catalyst include catalysts comprising one or more active metals selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, nickel-molybdenum, nickel-tungsine and nickel-cobalt-molybdenum.
- Suitable carriers in the hydrorefining catalyst include inorganic solid acidic substances containing at least two or more types of alumina, silica, zirconia, or titania.
- a conventional method such as impregnation or ion exchange can be adopted.
- the amount of the active metal supported on the hydrorefining catalyst is preferably 0.1 to 25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the carrier.
- the average pore diameter of the hydrorefining catalyst is preferably 6 to 60 nm, more preferably 7 to 30 nm. When the average pore diameter is in this range, the dispersibility of the active metal is improved, and good catalytic activity tends to be easily obtained.
- the pore volume of the hydrorefining catalyst is preferably 0.2 mL / g or more. When the pore volume is 0.2 mL / g or more, the activity deterioration of the catalyst tends to be suppressed.
- the pore volume of the hydrorefining catalyst may be, for example, 0.5 mL / g or less.
- the specific surface area of the hydrorefining catalyst is preferably 200 m 2 / g or more. When the specific surface area of the catalyst is 200 m 2 / g or more, the dispersibility of the active metal is improved, and the catalytic activity tends to be improved.
- the specific surface area of the hydrorefining catalyst may be, for example, 400 m 2 / g or less.
- the specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore diameter of the hydrorefining catalyst can be determined by the nitrogen adsorption method.
- the specific surface area is determined by the BET method, and the pore volume and the average pore diameter are determined by the BJH method.
- the reaction conditions for hydrorefining are preferably, for example, a reaction temperature of 200 to 300 ° C., a hydrogen partial pressure of 3 to 20 MPa, LHSV 0.5 to 5 h -1 , and a hydrogen / oil ratio of 170 to 850 Nm 3 / m 3 , and the reaction temperature is 200. More preferably, it is ° C. to 300 ° C., hydrogen partial pressure 4 to 18 MPa, LHSV 0.5 to 4 h -1 , and hydrogen / oil ratio 340 to 850 Nm 3 / m 3 .
- the reaction conditions for hydrorefining may be adjusted so that, for example, the sulfur content and nitrogen content in the hydrorefined oil are 5 mass ppm or less and 1 mass ppm or less, respectively.
- the sulfur content is based on "Crude oil and petroleum products-Sulfur content test method-Part 6: Ultrafluorescence method" described in JIS K2541-6
- the nitrogen content is based on JIS K2609 "Crude oil and petroleum products-Sulfur content test”. It is a value measured based on "method”.
- Step A-3 is a step of obtaining a lubricating oil base oil by distilling the hydrorefined oil obtained in step A-2.
- Step A-3 can also be said to be a step of fractionating the hydrorefined oil into a plurality of fractions to obtain at least one kind of lubricating oil base oil.
- step A-3 The distillation conditions in step A-3 are not particularly limited as long as the lubricating oil base oil can be fractionated from the hydrorefined oil.
- atmospheric distillation or distillation under pressure for distilling a light distillate from hydrorefined oil and decompression for distilling a lubricating oil base oil from the bottom oil of the atmospheric distillation are performed. It is preferably carried out by distillation.
- step A-3 for example, by setting a plurality of cut points and distilling the bottom oil under reduced pressure, a plurality of lubricating oil fractions can be obtained.
- a first lubricating oil fraction having a 10% by volume distillate temperature of 280 ° C. or higher and a 90% by volume distillate temperature of 390 ° C. or lower and a 10% by volume distillate from the hydrogenated refined oil.
- a certain third lubricating oil distillate can be fractionated and recovered.
- the first lubricating oil fraction can be obtained as a lubricating oil base oil suitable for ATF (automatic transmission fluid) and shock absorbers.
- the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. is 2.7 mm 2 / s as a target value. It is preferable to do so.
- the second lubricating oil distillate can be obtained as a lubricating oil base oil suitable for engine oil base oils that meet the Group III standard of API, in which case the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. is targeted at 4.0 mm 2 / s.
- the value is preferably a distillate having a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C.
- the third lubricating oil distillate is an engine oil base oil that meets the Group III standard of API, and can be obtained as a lubricating oil base oil suitable for, for example, a diesel engine.
- the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. is high. It is preferable that the target value is higher than 32 mm 2 / s and the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. is higher than 6.0 mm 2 / s.
- the kinematic viscosity and viscosity index at 40 ° C. or 100 ° C. are values obtained based on JIS K2283 “Crude oil and petroleum products-kinematic viscosity test method and viscosity index calculation method”.
- the first lubricating oil fraction is a lubricating oil base oil corresponding to 70 Pale
- the second lubricating oil fraction is a lubricating oil base oil corresponding to SAE-10
- the third lubricating oil fraction is SAE-. It can be obtained as a lubricating oil base oil corresponding to 20.
- the SAE viscosity means a standard defined by the Society of Automotive Engineers.
- the API standard is based on the classification of lubricating oil grades by the American Petroleum Institute (API (American Petroleum Institute)), and is Group II (viscosity index 80 or more and less than 120, saturation 90% by mass or more, and sulfur content.
- Group III viscosity index 120 or more, saturation 90% by mass or more, and sulfur content 0.03% by mass or less.
- lubricating oil base oils with a viscosity index of 130 or more are called Group III +, and are required as high-quality products having an API standard or higher.
- the hydrorefined oil obtained in step A-2 contains light fractions such as naphtha and kerosene produced by hydrogenation isomerization and hydrocracking.
- these light fractions may be recovered, for example, as a fraction having a 90% by volume distillation temperature of 280 ° C. or lower.
- the base oil manufacturing process is not limited to the above mode.
- the base oil production step includes a step of obtaining a base oil distillate by distilling the raw material oil (step B-1) and a dewaxing oil by hydroisomerization dewazing of the base oil distillate. (Step B-2) may be included, and the step of obtaining hydrorefined oil by hydrorefining the dewaxed oil (step B-3) and the lubricating oil by distilling the hydrorefined oil It may further include a step of obtaining a base oil (step B-4).
- each step according to this aspect will be described in detail.
- step B-1 the base oil fraction is fractionated from the raw material oil. Further, in step B-1, light fractions such as gas, naphtha, and kerosene may be further fractionated, as the case may be. Further, in step B-1, a heavy fraction heavier than the base oil fraction may be further fractionated, and the heavy fraction may be recovered as bottom oil.
- the base oil fraction is a fraction for obtaining a lubricating oil base oil through step B-2 (and, if necessary, steps B-3 and B-4) described later, and its boiling point range is the purpose. It may be changed as appropriate depending on the product to be used.
- the base oil fraction is preferably a fraction having a 10% by volume distillation temperature of 280 ° C. or higher and a 90% by volume distillation temperature of 530 ° C. or lower.
- the 10% by volume distillation temperature and the 90% by volume distillation temperature are values measured based on JIS K2254 "Petroleum products-distillation test method-gas chromatograph method".
- the raw material oil includes a heavy fraction having a boiling point higher than that of the base oil fraction (heavy fraction) and a light fraction having a boiling point lower than that of the base oil fraction (light), in addition to the base oil fraction.
- Distillate may be included.
- the light fraction is a fraction whose 90% by volume distillate temperature is lower than the 10% by volume distillate temperature of the base oil distillate, for example, a distillate having a 90% by volume distillate temperature lower than 280 ° C.
- the heavy fraction is a fraction whose 10% by volume distillate temperature is higher than the 90% by volume distillate temperature of the base oil distillate, for example, a distillate having a 10% by volume distillate temperature higher than 530 ° C.
- step B-1 The distillation conditions in step B-1 are not particularly limited as long as the base oil fraction can be fractionated from the raw material oil.
- step B-1 may be a step of fractionating the base oil fraction from the raw material oil by vacuum distillation, and a combination of atmospheric distillation (or distillation under pressure) and vacuum distillation may be combined to obtain the base oil from the raw material oil. It may be a step of fractionating the distillate.
- step B-1 involves atmospheric distillation (or distillation under pressure) for distilling the light fraction from the raw material oil and atmospheric distillation. It may be carried out by vacuum distillation in which the basal oil fraction and the heavy fraction are fractionated from the bottom oil of the above.
- the base oil fraction may be fractionated as a single fraction, or may be fractionated as a plurality of fractions according to the desired lubricating oil base oil.
- the plurality of lubricating oil fractions thus fractionated can be independently subjected to the subsequent step B-2. Further, a part or all of the plurality of base oil fractions can be mixed and subjected to the subsequent step B-2.
- Step B-2 is a step of hydrogenating, isomerizing and dewazing the base oil fraction obtained in step B-1 to obtain a dewaxed oil.
- the hydrogenation isomerization dewaxing in step B-2 can be carried out, for example, by contacting the base oil fraction with a hydrogenation isomerization catalyst in the presence of hydrogen.
- Examples of the hydrogenation isomerization catalyst and reaction conditions in the hydrogenation isomerization dewaxing in step B-2 include the same hydrogenation isomerization catalyst and reaction conditions as in step A-1.
- the dewaxing oil obtained in step B-2 preferably has a normal paraffin concentration of 10% by volume or less, and more preferably 1% by volume or less.
- the dewaxing oil obtained in step B-2 can be suitably used as a raw material for a lubricating oil base oil.
- the lubricating oil base oil can be obtained through the step of obtaining the base oil (step B-4).
- Step B-3 is a step of hydrorefining the desulfurized oil obtained in step B-2 to obtain hydrorefined oil.
- Hydrorefining for example, hydrogenates olefins and aromatic compounds in the desulfurized oil to improve the oxidative stability and hue of the lubricating oil base oil. Furthermore, it is expected that the sulfur content will be reduced by hydrogenating the sulfur compounds in the dewaxed oil.
- Step B-3 can be performed, for example, by bringing the hydrodesulfurized oil into contact with the hydrogenation refining catalyst in the presence of hydrogen.
- Examples of the reaction conditions for the hydrogenation purification catalyst and hydrogenation purification in step B-3 include the same hydrogenation purification catalyst and reaction conditions as in step A-2.
- the reaction conditions for hydrorefining may be adjusted so that, for example, the sulfur content and nitrogen content in the hydrorefined oil are 5 mass ppm or less and 1 mass ppm or less, respectively.
- the sulfur content is based on "Crude oil and petroleum products-Sulfur content test method-Part 6: Ultrafluorescence method" described in JIS K2541-6
- the nitrogen content is based on "Crude oil and petroleum products-" described in JIS K2609. It is a value measured based on the "nitrogen content test method".
- Step B-4 This is a step of obtaining a lubricating oil base oil by distilling the hydrorefined oil obtained in steps B-4 and B-3.
- Step B-4 can also be said to be a step of fractionating the hydrorefined oil into a plurality of fractions to obtain at least one kind of lubricating oil base oil.
- step B-4 The distillation conditions in step B-4 are not particularly limited as long as the lubricating oil base oil can be fractionated from the hydrorefined oil.
- atmospheric distillation or distillation under pressure for distilling a light distillate from hydrorefined oil and decompression for distilling a lubricating oil base oil from the bottom oil of the atmospheric distillation are performed. It is preferably carried out by distillation.
- a plurality of lubricating oil fractions can be obtained by setting a plurality of cut points and distilling the bottom oil under reduced pressure.
- step B-4 for example, from the hydrorefined oil, a first lubricating oil fraction having a 10% by volume distillation temperature of 280 ° C. or higher and a 90% by volume distillation temperature of 390 ° C. or lower and a 10% by volume fractional distillation
- a second lubricating oil fraction with a distilling temperature of 390 ° C or higher and a 90% by volume distilling temperature of 490 ° C or lower, and a 10% by volume distilling temperature of 490 ° C or higher and a 90% by volume distilling temperature of 530 ° C or lower.
- a certain third lubricating oil distillate can be fractionated and recovered.
- the first lubricating oil fraction can be obtained as a lubricating oil base oil suitable for ATF and shock absorbers, and in this case, the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. is preferably 2.7 mm 2 / s as a target value.
- the second lubricating oil distillate can be obtained as a lubricating oil base oil suitable for engine oil base oils that meet the Group III standard of API, in which case the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. is targeted at 4.0 mm 2 / s.
- the value is preferably a distillate having a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C.
- the third lubricating oil distillate is an engine oil base oil that meets the Group III standard of API, and can be obtained as a lubricating oil base oil suitable for, for example, a diesel engine.
- the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. is high. It is preferable that the target value is higher than 32 mm 2 / s and the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. is higher than 6.0 mm 2 / s.
- the first lubricating oil fraction is a lubricating oil base oil corresponding to 70 Pale
- the second lubricating oil fraction is a lubricating oil base oil corresponding to SAE-10
- the third lubricating oil fraction is SAE-. It can be obtained as a lubricating oil base oil corresponding to 20.
- the SAE viscosity means a standard defined by the Society of Automotive Engineers.
- the API standard is based on the classification of lubricating oil grades by the American Petroleum Institute (API (American Petroleum Institute)), and is Group II (viscosity index 80 or more and less than 120, saturation 90% by mass or more, and sulfur content.
- Group III viscosity index 120 or more, saturation 90% by mass or more, and sulfur content 0.03% by mass or less.
- lubricating oil base oils with a viscosity index of 130 or more are called Group III +, and are required as high-quality products having an API standard or higher.
- the hydrorefined oil obtained in step B-3 may contain light fractions such as naphtha and kerosene light oil produced as a by-product by hydrogenation isomerization and the like.
- these light fractions may be recovered, for example, as a fraction having a 90% by volume distillation temperature of 280 ° C. or lower.
- the production method according to the present embodiment may further include steps other than the above-mentioned first hydrogenation treatment step, second hydrogenation treatment step, and base oil production step.
- the production method includes a step of obtaining a light wax from a petroleum-based raw material (for example, a solvent extraction step, a hydrogenation step, a dewaxing step) and a step of obtaining a heavy wax from a petroleum-based raw material (for example, solvent removal).
- a step, a solvent extraction step, a hydrogenation step, a dewaxing step) and the like may be further provided.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing an example of a lubricating oil base oil manufacturing apparatus for carrying out the method for manufacturing a lubricating oil base oil according to an embodiment.
- the lubricating oil base oil production apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 1 has a first reactor 10 for hydrodesulfurizing light wax or heavy wax introduced from the flow path L1 and a first reactor through the flow path L2.
- the pressure of the vessel 40, the second separator 50 that fractionates the hydrorefined oil supplied from the third reactor 40 through the flow path L8, and the bottom oil supplied from the second separator 50 through the flow path L9 is reduced. It is configured to include a vacuum distillation column 51 for distilling.
- Hydrogen gas is supplied to the first reactor 10, the second reactor 30, and the third reactor 40 through the flow path L40.
- the lubricating oil base oil manufacturing apparatus 100 is provided with a flow path L31 that branches from the flow path L40 and connects to the flow path L1, and the hydrogen gas supplied from the flow path L31 is a light wax in the flow path L1. Alternatively, it is mixed with heavy wax and introduced into the first reactor 10. Further, L32 branched from the flow path L40 is connected to the first reactor 10, and the hydrogen pressure and the catalyst layer temperature in the first reactor 10 are adjusted by supplying hydrogen gas from the flow path L32. To.
- the lubricating oil base oil manufacturing apparatus 100 is also provided with a flow path L33 that branches from the flow path L40 and connects to the flow path L3, and the hydrogen gas supplied from the flow path L33 is the first in the flow path L3. It is mixed with the first treated oil or the second treated oil and introduced into the second reactor 30. Further, a flow path L34 branched from the flow path L40 is connected to the second reactor 30, and the hydrogen pressure and the catalyst layer temperature in the second reactor 30 are increased by supplying hydrogen gas from the flow path L34. It will be adjusted.
- the lubricating oil base oil production apparatus 100 is further provided with a flow path L35 that branches from the flow path L40 and connects to the flow path L7, and the hydrogen gas supplied from the flow path L35 is removed in the flow path L7. It is mixed with brazing oil and introduced into the third reactor 40. Further, a flow path L36 branched from the flow path L40 is connected to the third reactor 40, and the hydrogen pressure and the catalyst layer temperature in the third reactor 40 are increased by supplying hydrogen gas from the flow path L36. It will be adjusted.
- the hydrogen gas that has passed through the second reactor 30 is taken out from the second reactor 30 together with the dewaxed oil by the flow path L7. Therefore, the amount of hydrogen gas supplied from the flow path L35 can be appropriately adjusted according to the amount of hydrogen gas taken out from the second reactor 30.
- a flow path L4 for taking out a light fraction and hydrogen gas to the outside of the system is connected to the first separator 20.
- the mixed gas containing the light fraction and the hydrogen gas taken out from the flow path L4 is supplied to the first gas-liquid separator 60 and separated into the light fraction and the hydrogen gas.
- the first gas-liquid separator 60 is connected to a flow path L21 for taking out a light distillate and a flow path L22 for taking out hydrogen gas.
- a flow path L10 for taking out a light fraction and hydrogen gas to the outside of the system is connected to the second separator 50.
- the mixed gas containing the light distillate and the hydrogen gas taken out from the flow path L10 is supplied to the second gas-liquid separator 70 and separated into the light distillate and the hydrogen gas.
- the second gas-liquid separator 70 is connected to a flow path L23 for taking out a light distillate and a flow path L24 for taking out hydrogen gas.
- the hydrogen gas taken out from the first gas-liquid separator 60 and the second gas-liquid separator 70 is supplied to the acid gas absorption tower 80 through the flow path L22 and the flow path L24.
- the hydrogen gas taken out from the first gas-liquid separator 60 and the second gas-liquid separator 70 contains hydrogen sulfide, which is a hydride of sulfur, in the acid gas absorption tower 80. Remove hydrogen sulfide, etc.
- the hydrogen gas from which hydrogen sulfide and the like have been removed by the acid gas absorption tower 80 is supplied to the flow path L40 and introduced again into each reactor.
- the vacuum distillation column 51 is provided with flow paths L11, L12 and L13 for taking out the lubricating oil fraction fractionated according to the desired lubricating oil base oil to the outside of the system.
- the first hydrogenation treatment step can be carried out by hydrogenating the light wax supplied from the flow path L1 in the first reactor 10.
- the second hydrogenation treatment step can be carried out by hydrogenating the heavy wax supplied from the flow path L1 in the first reactor 10.
- the first reactor 10 in the presence of hydrogen (molecular hydrogen) supplied from the flow path L31 and the flow path L32, the light wax or the heavy wax is brought into contact with the hydrogenation treatment catalyst to perform the hydrogenation treatment. Can be done.
- the type of the first reactor 10 is not particularly limited, and for example, a fixed bed flow reactor filled with a hydrogenation treatment catalyst is preferably used.
- the reactor for the hydrogenation treatment is only the first reactor 10, but in the present embodiment, the lubricating oil base oil production apparatus is for the hydrogenation treatment.
- a plurality of reactors may be arranged in series or in parallel. Further, the catalyst bed in the reactor may be single or plural.
- the reactant taken out from the first reactor is separated by high pressure by the first separator 20 and then subjected to the second reactor.
- the hydrogenated product supplied from the flow path L2 is separated by high pressure (fractional distillation under pressure), so that the light distillate is taken out from the flow path L4 and the bottom oil (first treatment). Oil or second processing oil) can be taken out from the flow path L3. Further, from the flow path L2, the hydrogen gas that has passed through the first reactor 10 together with the hydrogenation treatment product is circulated to the first separator 20. In the first separator 20, the hydrogen gas can be taken out from the flow path L4 together with the light fraction.
- the lubricating oil base oil manufacturing apparatus 100 may further include a tank and a liquid feed pump in the middle of the flow path L3.
- the first treated oil produced in the first hydrogenation treatment step is held in the tank, and then the second treated oil produced in the second hydrogenation treatment step is used.
- the first treated oil and the second treated oil can be supplied to the second reactor 30 in a mixed state.
- the second treated oil produced in the second hydrogenation treatment step is held in the tank, and then the first treated oil produced in the first hydrogenation treatment step is used.
- the second treated oil and the first treated oil can be mixed and supplied to the second reactor 30.
- the base oil manufacturing process can be carried out assuming that the process A-1, the process A-2 and the process A-3 are included.
- step A-1 is carried out in the second reactor 30.
- the raw material oil (first treated oil or second treated oil) supplied from the flow path L3 in the presence of hydrogen (molecular hydrogen) supplied from the flow path L33 and the flow path L34. ) Is brought into contact with the hydrogenation isomerization catalyst. As a result, the feedstock oil is removed by hydrogenation isomerization.
- the type of the second reactor 30 is not particularly limited, and for example, a fixed bed flow reactor filled with a hydrogenation isomerization catalyst is preferably used.
- the only reactor for hydrogenation isomerization dewaxing is the second reactor 30, but in the present embodiment, the lubricating oil base oil production apparatus is hydrogenated isomerization.
- a plurality of reactors for isomerization may be arranged in series or in parallel. Further, the catalyst bed in the reactor may be single or plural.
- the dewaxed oil obtained through the second reactor 30 is supplied to the third reactor 40 through the flow path L7 together with the hydrogen gas that has passed through the second reactor 30.
- step A-2 is carried out in the third reactor 40.
- the hydrodesulfurized oil supplied from the flow path L7 is brought into contact with the hydrorefining catalyst in the presence of hydrogen (molecular hydrogen) supplied from the flow path L7, the flow path L35 and the flow path L36.
- the hydrodesulfurized oil is hydrorefined.
- the type of the third reactor 40 is not particularly limited, and for example, a fixed bed flow reactor filled with a hydrorefining catalyst is preferably used.
- the only reactor for hydrorefining is the third reactor 40, but in the present embodiment, the lubricating oil base oil producing apparatus is for hydrorefining.
- a plurality of reactors may be arranged in series or in parallel. Further, the catalyst bed in the reactor may be single or plural.
- the hydrorefined oil obtained through the third reactor 40 is supplied to the second separator 50 through the flow path L8 together with the hydrogen gas that has passed through the third reactor 40.
- step A-3 can be carried out by the second separator 50 and the vacuum distillation column 51.
- the hydride refined oil supplied through the flow path L8 is separated by high pressure (fractional distillation under pressure), so that the fraction is lighter than the fraction useful as the lubricating oil base oil (for example, naphtha). And the fuel oil fraction) can be taken out from the flow path L10, and the bottom oil can be taken out from the flow path L9. Further, hydrogen gas that has passed through the third reactor 40 is circulated from the flow path L8 together with the hydrorefined oil, and the second separator 50 takes out the hydrogen gas from the flow path L10 together with the light fraction. be able to.
- the lubricating oil fraction in the vacuum distillation column 51, by distilling the bottom oil supplied from the flow path L9 under reduced pressure, the lubricating oil fraction can be taken out from the flow paths L11, the flow path L12 and the flow path L13, and is taken out from each flow path.
- Each of the lubricating oil fractions can be suitably used as a lubricating oil base oil.
- a fraction lighter than the lubricating oil fraction may be extracted from the flow path L10'and merged with the flow path L10.
- the step A-3 is performed by the second separator 50 and the reduced pressure distillation column 51, but the step A-3 can also be performed by, for example, three or more distillation columns. .. Further, in the vacuum distillation column 51, three fractions are fractionated and taken out as the lubricating oil fraction, but in the production method according to the present embodiment, a single fraction may be taken out as the lubricating oil fraction. , Two fractions or four or more fractions can be fractionated and taken out as the lubricating oil fraction.
- the light wax or the heavy wax is hydrogenated in the first reactor 10.
- the sulfur content contained in the light wax or the heavy wax may be hydrogenated to generate hydrogen sulfide. That is, the hydrogen gas that has passed through the first reactor 10 may contain hydrogen sulfide.
- the hydrogen gas containing hydrogen sulfide When the hydrogen gas containing hydrogen sulfide is returned to the flow path L40 as it is after passing through the first reactor 10 and recycled, the hydrogen gas containing hydrogen sulfide is supplied to the second reactor 30 and the second reactor The catalytic activity of 30 may decrease. Therefore, in the lubricating oil base oil production apparatus 100, the hydrogen gas that has passed through the first reactor 10 is passed through the flow path L2, the first separator 20, the flow path L4, the first gas-liquid separator 60, and the flow path L22. It is supplied to the acid gas absorption tower 80 through the above, and after removing hydrogen sulfide in the acid gas absorption tower 80, it is returned to the flow path L40.
- the hydrogen gas that has passed through the second reactor 30 and the third reactor 40 may also contain hydrogen sulfide generated from the sulfur content slightly contained in the base oil fraction. Therefore, after being supplied to the acid gas absorption tower 80 through the flow path L24, it is returned to the flow path L40.
- hydrogen gas is circulated through the acid gas absorption tower 80 as described above, but in the present embodiment, it is not always necessary to circulate the hydrogen gas, and each reactor does not necessarily have to circulate hydrogen gas. Hydrogen gas may be supplied independently.
- the lubricating oil base oil production apparatus 100 may be provided with a wastewater treatment facility in the front stage or the rear stage of the acid gas absorption tower 80 for removing ammonia or the like generated by hydrogenation of nitrogen content.
- Ammonia is mixed with stripping steam and treated in a wastewater treatment facility, becomes NOx together with sulfur by sulfur recovery, and then returned to nitrogen by denitration reaction.
- the lubricating oil base oil manufacturing apparatus for carrying out the lubricating oil base oil manufacturing method according to the present embodiment is not limited to the above. ..
- the lubricating oil base oil manufacturing apparatus has a vacuum distillation column for vacuum distillation of the bottom oil supplied from the first separator 20 through the flow path L3 between the first separator 20 and the second reactor 30. You may also be prepared.
- the base oil fraction fractionalized in the vacuum distillation column is supplied to the second reactor 30.
- the base oil manufacturing process can be carried out as including step B-1, step B-2, step B-3 and step B-4.
- the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the Examples.
- the case where the hydrogenation treatment corresponding to the first hydrogenation treatment step or the second hydrogenation treatment step is carried out is taken as an example, and the first hydrogenation treatment step and the second hydrogenation treatment step
- the case where the hydrogenation treatment which does not correspond to any of the above was carried out was taken as a comparative example.
- the acid points of the carriers of the hydrogenation catalysts of Production Examples 1 to 3 were measured by the ammonia-temperature desorption method, and the results shown in Table 1 were obtained.
- As the measuring device BELCAT manufactured by Microtrac Bell was used.
- Example 1-1 As a light wax, a light wax having the properties shown in Table 2 below was prepared. Light wax was circulated in a reactor filled with a hydrogenation catalyst (a-1), and hydrogenation was performed under the conditions shown in Table 3 below. When the decomposition rate and sulfur content of the hydrogenated product were determined by the methods shown below, the results shown in Table 3 were obtained.
- the sulfur content was measured in accordance with "Crude oil and petroleum products-Sulfur content test method-Part 6: Ultraviolet fluorescence method" described in JIS K 2541-6.
- Examples 1-2 to 1-4 The hydrogenation treatment was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that the conditions of the hydrogenation treatment were changed to the conditions shown in Table 3, and the hydrogenation treatment products were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 2-1 As the heavy wax, a heavy wax having the properties shown in Table 4 below was prepared. Heavy wax was circulated in a reactor filled with a hydrogenation catalyst (a-1), and hydrogenation was performed under the conditions shown in Table 5 below. When the decomposition rate and sulfur content of the hydrogenated product were determined, the results shown in Table 5 were obtained.
- Example 2-2 to 2-8 The hydrogenation treatment was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2-1 except that the conditions of the hydrogenation treatment were changed to the conditions shown in Table 5 or Table 6, and the hydrogenation treatment products were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 5 or Table 6.
- Example 3 As a light wax, a light wax having the properties shown in Table 2 was prepared. Light wax was circulated in a reactor filled with a hydrogenation catalyst (a-2), and hydrogenation was performed under the conditions shown in Table 7 below. When the decomposition rate and sulfur content of the hydrogenated product were determined, the results shown in Table 7 were obtained.
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Abstract
Description
第一の水素化処理工程は、水素化処理触媒を含有する第一の反応器に、軽質ワックスを流通させ、水素化処理触媒と軽質ワックスとを温度T1で接触させて、第一の処理油を得る工程である。
分解率(質量%)=100×(W1-W2)/W1
第一の水素化処理工程における分解率は、好ましくは6.0質量%以下、より好ましくは3.0質量%以下である。第一の水素化処理工程では、例えば、分解率が上記範囲となるように、反応条件を適宜変更してよい。
第二の水素化処理工程は、水素化処理触媒を含有する第一の反応器に、重質ワックスを流通させ、水素化処理触媒と重質ワックスとを温度T2で接触させて、第二の処理油を得る工程である。
分解率(質量%)=100×(W1-W2)/W1
第二の水素化処理工程における分解率は、好ましくは15質量%以上、より好ましくは20質量%以上である。また、第二の水素化処理工程における分解率は、好ましくは40質量%以下、より好ましくは30質量%以下である。第二の水素化処理工程では、例えば、分解率が上記範囲となるように、反応条件を適宜変更してよい。
基油製造工程は、第一の処理油及び第二の処理油からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種を含有する原料油から、潤滑油基油を得る工程である。
工程A-1は、原料油の水素化異性化脱ろうにより脱ろう油を得る工程である。工程A-1において、水素化異性化脱ろうは、例えば、水素の存在下、原料油を水素化異性化触媒に接触させることにより行うことができる。水素化異性化触媒としては、例えば、水素化異性化に一般的に使用される触媒、すなわち、無機担体に水素化活性を有する金属が担持された触媒等を用いることができる。
工程A-2は、工程A-1で得られた脱ろう油の水素化精製により水素化精製油を得る工程である。水素化精製によって、例えば、脱ろう油中のオレフィン及び芳香族化合物が水素化され、潤滑油基油の酸化安定性及び色相が改善される。さらに、脱ろう油中の硫黄化合物が水素化されることにより、硫黄分の低減も期待される。
工程A-3は、工程A-2で得られた水素化精製油の蒸留により潤滑油基油を得る工程である。工程A-3は、水素化精製油を複数の留分に分留して、少なくとも一種の潤滑油基油を得る工程ということもできる。
工程B-1では、原料油から、基油留分を分留する。また、工程B-1では、場合により、ガス、ナフサ、灯軽油等の軽質留分も更に分留してよい。また、工程B-1では、基油留分より重質な重質留分を更に分留してよく、当該重質留分をボトム油として回収してもよい。
工程B-2は、工程B-1で得られた基油留分を水素化異性化脱ろうして脱ろう油を得る工程である。工程B-2における水素化異性化脱ろうは、例えば、水素の存在下、基油留分を水素化異性化触媒に接触させることにより行うことができる。
工程B-3は、工程B-2で得られた脱ろう油を水素化精製して、水素化精製油を得る工程である。水素化精製によって、例えば、脱ろう油中のオレフィン及び芳香族化合物が水素化され、潤滑油基油の酸化安定性及び色相が改善される。さらに、脱ろう油中の硫黄化合物が水素化されることにより、硫黄分の低減も期待される。
工程B-4、工程B-3で得られた水素化精製油の蒸留により潤滑油基油を得る工程である。工程B-4は、水素化精製油を複数の留分に分留して、少なくとも一種の潤滑油基油を得る工程ということもできる。
本実施形態に係る製造方法は、上述した第一の水素化処理工程、第二の水素化処理工程及び基油製造工程以外の他の工程をさらに備えるものであってよい。
シリカジルコニア40質量%とアルミナ60質量%の混合物に希硝酸を加えて粘土状に混練を行って捏和物を調製した。この捏和物を押出成型、乾燥、焼成して担体を調製した。この担体に含浸法でニッケル酸化物4質量%、モリブデン酸化物23質量%、リン酸化物3質量%を担持して、水素化分解触媒(a-1)を得た。
シリカジルコニア70質量%とアルミナ30質量%の混合物に希硝酸を加えて粘土状に混練を行って捏和物を調製した。この捏和物を押出成型、乾燥、焼成して担体を調製した。この担体に含浸法でニッケル酸化物11質量%、タングステン酸化物20質量%を担持して、水素化分解触媒(a-2)を得た。
シリカチタニア8質量%とアルミナ92質量%の混合物に希硝酸を加えて粘土状に混練を行って捏和物を調製した。この捏和物を押出成型、乾燥、焼成して担体を調製した。この担体に含浸法でニッケル酸化物3質量%、モリブデン酸化物22質量%、リン酸化物3質量%を担持して、水素化分解触媒(x-1)を得た。
軽質ワックスとして、下記表2に示す性状の軽質ワックスを準備した。水素化処理触媒(a-1)を充填した反応器に軽質ワックスを流通させ、下記表3に示す条件で水素化処理を行った。水素化処理生成物について、下記に示す方法で分解率及び硫黄分を求めたところ、表3に示す結果となった。
分解率(質量%)=100×(W1-W2)/W1
水素化処理の条件を表3に示す条件に変更したこと以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして、水素化処理を行い、水素化処理生成物を評価した。結果を表3に示す。
重質ワックスとして、下記表4に示す性状の重質ワックスを準備した。水素化処理触媒(a-1)を充填した反応器に重質ワックスを流通させ、下記表5に示す条件で水素化処理を行った。水素化処理生成物について分解率及び硫黄分を求めたところ、表5に示す結果となった。
水素化処理の条件を表5又は表6に示す条件に変更したこと以外は、実施例2-1と同様にして、水素化処理を行い、水素化処理生成物を評価した。結果を表5又は表6に示す。
軽質ワックスとして、表2に示す性状の軽質ワックスを準備した。水素化処理触媒(a-2)を充填した反応器に軽質ワックスを流通させ、下記表7に示す条件で水素化処理を行った。水素化処理生成物について分解率及び硫黄分を求めたところ、表7に示す結果となった。
重質ワックスとして、表4に示す性状の重質ワックスを準備した。水素化処理触媒(x-1)を充填した反応器に重質ワックスを流通させ、下記表8に示す条件で水素化処理を行った。水素化処理生成物について分解率及び硫黄分を求めたところ、表8に示す結果となった。
Claims (7)
- 水素化処理触媒を含有する第一の反応器に、100℃における動粘度が6mm2/s未満の軽質ワックスを流通させ、前記水素化処理触媒と前記軽質ワックスとを温度T1で接触させて、第一の処理油を得る第一の水素化処理工程と、
前記第一の反応器に、100℃における動粘度が6mm2/s以上の重質ワックスを流通させて、前記水素化処理触媒と前記重質ワックスとを温度T2で接触させて、第二の処理油を得る第二の水素化処理工程と、
前記第一の処理油及び前記第二の処理油からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種を含有する原料油から、潤滑油基油を得る基油製造工程と、
を備え、
前記水素化処理触媒が、アンモニア-昇温脱離法により測定される全酸点の量A1が0.5mmol/g以上である無機酸化物担体に、周期表第6族、第8族、第9族及び第10族の元素から選ばれる1種以上の金属を担持した触媒であり、
前記温度T2が前記温度T1より高い温度である、潤滑油基油の製造方法。 - 前記無機酸化物担体において、アンモニア-昇温脱離法により測定される酸点のうち300℃以上の温度範囲で測定される酸点の量A2が、0.2mmol/g以下である、請求項1に記載の潤滑油基油の製造方法。
- 前記軽質ワックスにおける硫黄分が、10質量ppm以上1500質量ppm未満であり、
前記重質ワックスにおける硫黄分が、100質量ppm以上5000質量ppm以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の潤滑油基油の製造方法。 - 前記軽質ワックスの15℃における密度が、0.76g/cm3以上0.835g/cm3未満であり、
前記重質ワックスの15℃における密度が、0.835g/cm3以上0.88g/cm3以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑油基油の製造方法。 - 前記温度T1が、250℃以上350℃未満であり、
前記温度T2が、350℃以上450℃以下である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑油基油の製造方法。 - 前記基油製造工程が、
前記原料油の水素化異性化脱ろうにより脱ろう油を得る工程と、
前記脱ろう油の水素化精製により水素化精製油を得る工程と、
前記水素化精製油の蒸留により前記潤滑油基油を得る工程と、
を含む、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑油基油の製造方法。 - 前記基油製造工程が、
前記原料油の蒸留により、基油留分を得る工程と、
前記基油留分の水素化異性化脱ろうにより脱ろう油を得る工程と、
前記脱ろう油の水素化精製により水素化精製油を得る工程と、
前記水素化精製油の蒸留により前記潤滑油基油を得る工程と、
を含む、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑油基油の製造方法。
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