WO2020173510A2 - 基于中空纤维渗透汽化膜的甘油浓缩设备及方法 - Google Patents

基于中空纤维渗透汽化膜的甘油浓缩设备及方法 Download PDF

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WO2020173510A2
WO2020173510A2 PCT/CN2020/087360 CN2020087360W WO2020173510A2 WO 2020173510 A2 WO2020173510 A2 WO 2020173510A2 CN 2020087360 W CN2020087360 W CN 2020087360W WO 2020173510 A2 WO2020173510 A2 WO 2020173510A2
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membrane
liquid
hollow fiber
pervaporation
pervaporation membrane
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PCT/CN2020/087360
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2020173510A3 (zh
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唐宇攀
刘军
汪旺华
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南京惟新环保装备技术研究院有限公司
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Publication of WO2020173510A2 publication Critical patent/WO2020173510A2/zh
Publication of WO2020173510A3 publication Critical patent/WO2020173510A3/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D61/00Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/36Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D69/00Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/08Hollow fibre membranes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/74Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
    • C07C29/76Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment
    • C07C29/78Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment by condensation or crystallisation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C31/00Saturated compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C31/18Polyhydroxylic acyclic alcohols
    • C07C31/22Trihydroxylic alcohols, e.g. glycerol
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of glycerol preparation, and in particular to a glycerol concentration equipment and method based on a hollow fiber pervaporation membrane. Background technique
  • Glycerin has a wide range of uses in industries such as medicine, coatings, textiles, papermaking, cosmetics, food, tanning, electrical materials and rubber.
  • glycerin prepared from natural fats and oils as raw material
  • Synthetic glycerin prepared from propylene as raw material Glycerin synthesized by the above two methods
  • the water content of glycerin is above 70-80%. Therefore, dehydrating and concentrating glycerin is an important part of obtaining high-purity glycerin.
  • the dehydration effect directly affects the quality of the final glycerin.
  • the recovery of glycerin-containing waste liquid produced in industrial applications is also a very important market demand.
  • the main method of removing water from glycerol is distillation.
  • glycerin is very sensitive to temperature, even if the temperature is 150- Under the conditions of vacuum distillation at 180 ° C, there will still be a small amount of glycerol quality change; fifth, the environmental impact is great.
  • Pervaporation as a simple and energy-saving cutting-edge technology, can provide an efficient way to concentrate in the preparation and recovery of glycerol.
  • the current inorganic pervaporation membrane materials on the market have many restrictions: (1) The water content of the original solution cannot exceed 20%; (2) It is very sensitive to impurities, conductivity, pH, etc., and the selective layer is easily divided by acid, alkali, salt, etc.
  • Glycerol is easy to block the selective layer of the inorganic pervaporation membrane due to its high viscosity characteristics, so that the membrane separation performance is rapidly reduced. Therefore, there is currently no suitable pervaporation membrane on the market that can be used for the dehydration and concentration of glycerol, and there are no relevant case studies in industry and academia. Summary of the invention
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a glycerol concentration equipment and method based on a hollow fiber pervaporation membrane, which is a brand-new glycerol concentration process, and the use of an original pervaporation membrane can treat high-water content C
  • the triol solution is dehydrated and concentrated to completely replace the multi-stage vacuum distillation technology, so that the energy consumption of the glycerol concentration process is greatly reduced, and the product quality is greatly improved, and the equipment is simple and has the advantages of small footprint and low environmental impact.
  • the present invention provides a hollow fiber pervaporation membrane-based glycerol concentration method, which includes the following steps:
  • step S3 Use a hollow fiber pervaporation membrane to dehydrate, concentrate and filter the clear liquid to obtain recovered glycerol.
  • the crude liquid containing 20%-50% of glycerol first enters the ultrafiltration unit to filter out TSS suspended impurities, where the TSS suspended impurities include cellulose, lignin, protein, suspended particles, etc., the ultrafiltration
  • the unit is implemented as an ultrafiltration membrane, the ultrafiltration membrane is an inorganic ceramic membrane or an organic membrane, and the ultrafiltration membrane is selected from hollow fiber membranes, plate membranes, single-channel tubular membranes or multi-channel tubular membranes.
  • the pore size of the membrane is 0.01-0. 2 microns.
  • the pore size of the ceramic ultrafiltration membrane 01-0. 1 micron;
  • the ultrafiltration membrane is an organic ultrafiltration membrane, the organic ultrafiltration membrane is a hollow fiber membrane, the pore size is 0.01-0. 05 microns, the operating pressure is 0. l -3bar, the purpose of this step is to filter the TSS suspended impurities and protect the pervaporation unit;
  • step S2 the filtered clear liquid obtained in step S1 is collected in a buffer tank, and the filtered clear liquid is heated to a set temperature of 60-100 ° C through a preheater and a heater.
  • the heating temperature of the filtered clear liquid does not exceed 100 degrees Celsius. Therefore, it is guaranteed that the glycerol solution with high water content can be dehydrated and concentrated at less than 100 degrees Celsius, so as to prevent the glycerol from becoming malonaldehyde under high temperature environments.
  • impurities such as polyglycerol, ensure the purity and quality of the final product.
  • an original hollow fiber pervaporation membrane is used to pervaporate and dehydrate the heated filtered supernatant.
  • the hollow fiber pervaporation membrane used in the present invention sequentially forms the inner membrane from the inside to the outside of the membrane.
  • the membrane outer diameter of the membrane is 0.8-1. 5mm, the inner diameter is 0.5-1. 2mm, and the wall thickness is 0.1-0. 2mm.
  • the hollow fiber pervaporation membrane constitutes a pervaporation module, and the permeate side of the pervaporation module is connected to a vacuum unit to maintain a vacuum degree of 5-30 mbar.
  • the moisture diffuses in the pervaporation membrane to the permeate side and condenses After condensing into liquid in the vessel, it is stored in the permeate tank, and the concentrated glycerol enters the product tank after cooling.
  • the gauge pressure on the intercept side of the pervaporation component is 0-3 bar, and the absolute pressure on the permeate side is 5-30 mbar, the purity of the obtained product is 92-95%.
  • it includes at least 1-15 pervaporation components, preferably 5-15 pervaporation components.
  • the present invention provides a glycerin concentration equipment based on a hollow fiber pervaporation membrane, which includes at least an ultrafiltration device, a heating device, a pervaporation device, a condensation device, a conveying device, and a storage device.
  • the conveying device includes an ultrafiltration device and a heating device.
  • the pervaporation device and the condensation device are connected in sequence to complete the dehydration and concentration of glycerol.
  • the ultrafiltration device includes at least one ultrafiltration unit, wherein the ultrafiltration unit is composed of an ultrafiltration membrane module and auxiliary equipment.
  • the ultrafiltration membrane is an inorganic ceramic membrane or an organic membrane, and the ultrafiltration membrane is selected from a hollow fiber membrane, a plate membrane, a single-channel tubular membrane or a multi-channel tubular membrane, and the ultrafiltration membrane has a pore size of 0.01 -0. 2 microns.
  • the ultrafiltration unit is used to filter the TSS impurities in the crude liquid, such as lignin, protein, suspended particles, etc., to protect the subsequent pervaporation unit.
  • the heating device includes at least one preheater and a heater.
  • the waste heat of the preheater is reused, the waste heat of the product is reasonably used to heat the raw material liquid, and the heater functions to heat the material liquid to a specific temperature to increase the pervaporation unit Processing power.
  • the permeation device includes at least one pervaporation membrane group, and the membrane used in the pervaporation membrane group is an original hollow fiber pervaporation membrane.
  • the hollow fiber pervaporation membrane has high water permeability and can be used at temperatures below 100 degrees Celsius Glycerol is dehydrated efficiently, and the condensing device is a condenser to condense evaporated water.
  • the glycerin concentration equipment may be a continuous operation equipment or an intermittent operation equipment.
  • the glycerin concentration equipment includes a first delivery pump 1 and an ultrafiltration device connected in sequence.
  • Unit 2 buffer tank 3, preheater 5, heater 6 and pervaporation membrane group 7, wherein the permeate side of the pervaporation membrane group 7 is connected to the vacuum unit 14, and the vacuum unit 14 and the pervaporation membrane group 7 is provided with a second condenser 11, the second condenser 11 is connected to the permeate tank 12, one end of the permeate tank 12 is connected to the third transfer pump 13, the moisture is evaporated from the permeate side of the pervaporation membrane group 7, and is After condensing into liquid in the second condenser 11, it is stored in the permeate tank 12; wherein the intercept side of the pervaporation membrane group 7 is connected to the product tank 9, and a first condenser is provided between the product tank 9 and the pervaporation membrane group 7 8.
  • One end of the product tank 9 is connected to the fourth delivery pump 10.
  • the dehydrated glycerol flows out from the intercept side of the pervaporation membrane group 7, and is condensed into a liquid in the first condenser 8, and then stored in the product tank 9. .
  • a second delivery pump 4 is provided between the buffer tank 3 and the preheater 5, and the second delivery pump 4 transports materials into the preheater 5 and the heater 6 for heating.
  • the working process of the whole machine is as follows: Contains 20%-50% Glycine After the crude alcohol liquid enters the ultrafiltration unit 2 to filter out the TSS suspended impurities, the obtained filtered supernatant is buffered in the buffer tank 3; under the action of the second delivery pump 4, it is delivered to the preheater 5 and the heater 6, and is heated to After a certain temperature, it enters the pervaporation membrane group 7; a certain degree of vacuum is given on the permeate side of the pervaporation membrane group 7, water evaporates from the permeate side, and the material flows out from the retention side, and is condensed to obtain dehydrated and concentrated glycerol.
  • the ultrafiltration unit When it is a gap operation equipment, it can only include the liquid tank 3, the heating device 15, the second transfer pump 4, the pervaporation membrane group 7, the second condenser 11, the permeate tank 12 and the vacuum unit 14. At this time, The ultrafiltration unit is not attached to the concentration equipment, and is operated separately.
  • one side of the material liquid tank 3 is connected to the heating device 15, and one side of the material liquid tank 3 is connected to the pervaporation membrane group 7, wherein the permeation side of the pervaporation membrane group 7 is connected to the vacuum unit 14, and A second condenser 11 is provided between the vacuum unit 14 and the pervaporation membrane group 7, and the second condenser 11 is connected to the permeate tank 12.
  • the moisture is vaporized from the permeate side of the pervaporation membrane group 7, and is in the second After condensing into liquid in the condenser 11, it is stored in the permeate tank 12; the intercept side of the pervaporation membrane group 7 is connected to the material liquid tank 3, and the material liquid transfer pump 4 is arranged between the material liquid tank 3 and the pervaporation membrane group 7 , The glycerol obtained from the concentration of the pervaporation membrane group 7 is sent back to the liquid tank 3.
  • the hollow fiber pervaporation membrane is used in the present invention, and the hollow fiber pervaporation membrane has a high flux and rejection rate, and the flux can reach 5-10 times that of the cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol membrane. 2-5 times of the hollow fiber pervaporation membrane; the filling area of the membrane module composed of the hollow fiber pervaporation membrane is large, and the unit volume can reach more than 5 times of the plate-and-frame membrane module and 20 times of the tubular membrane module.
  • the specific content of the pervaporation membrane is introduced as follows:
  • Step 1 preparing inner layer casting liquid, outer layer casting liquid and core liquid, said inner layer casting liquid, said outer layer casting liquid and said core liquid form a hollow tubular liquid film through a spinneret;
  • Step 2 The hollow tubular liquid film enters the coagulation bath after passing through the air gap to be solidified by phase change, to obtain Hollow fiber membrane yarn;
  • Step 3 Process the hollow fiber membrane filaments to obtain a hollow fiber pervaporation membrane.
  • step S3 you can choose in the step S3:
  • Step S31 Soak the hollow fiber filaments with water, replacement liquid and micropore protection liquid in sequence, and then dry them in the air.
  • the flow rate of the inner layer casting liquid it is preferable to control the flow rate of the inner layer casting liquid to be 0.1-30ml/min, the outer layer casting liquid flow rate is 0.1-30ml/min, the core liquid flow rate is 0. l_30ml/min, core liquid
  • the temperature of the casting liquid is 5-80 degrees Celsius
  • the temperature of the spinneret is 5-80 degrees Celsius
  • the winding wheel speed is 1-50 m/min
  • the temperature of the coagulation bath is 5-80 degrees Celsius.
  • the outer layer casting liquid includes a hydrophilic polymer and a solvent
  • the hydrophilic polymer includes but is not limited to sulfonated polysulfone, sulfonated polyphenylsulfone, sulfonated polyethersulfone, and sulfonated polyamide And sulfonated polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene, cellulose, cellulose acetate, hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone, chitosan, polyetheramine and polyethyleneimine; the solvent Including but not limited to n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, chloroform;
  • the inner layer casting liquid includes polymer polymers, solvents and additives, wherein the polymer polymers include but are not limited to polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylsulfone, polyamide, polyimide, and polyimide Amide-imide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polybenzimidazole, polyurethane; the solvent includes but is not limited to n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone , N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, chloroform; and the auxiliary agent includes but not limited to polyethylene glycol, ethylene glycol , Glycerol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, water, ethanol, acetone, chlorinated Lithium, lithium bromide, calcium chloride;
  • the core liquid includes solvents, non-solvents and auxiliary agents
  • the auxiliary agents include but are not limited to polyethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, ethanol, acetone, n-butanol, among them
  • the solvent includes but is not limited to n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, chloroform, the non- The solvent is water.
  • the structure is as follows:
  • the traditional hollow fiber pervaporation membrane sequentially forms a traditional inner support layer, a traditional transition support layer, and a traditional selective separation layer from the inside to the outside, that is, the traditional selective separation layer is located at this time
  • the outermost layer of the traditional hollow fiber pervaporation membrane is prone to problems such as swelling, chemical decomposition, and physical destruction of the separation layer in practical applications, thereby destroying the membrane structural integrity of the pervaporation membrane and reducing the separation efficiency.
  • the hollow fiber pervaporation membrane provided by the present invention sequentially forms an inner support layer, a selective separation layer, and an outer protective layer from the inside to the outside, that is, the selective separation layer is located in the outer protective layer at this time.
  • the outer protective layer has good hydrophilicity and avoids problems such as chemical and physical damage.
  • the hollow structure of the hollow fiber pervaporation membrane provided by the present invention is achieved by controlling the formula of the inner layer casting liquid and the outer layer casting liquid. If the compatibility of the inner and outer layers is good, the middle selective separation layer is formed No, if the compatibility of the inner and outer layers is too poor, delamination and peeling of the inner and outer layers will occur, and the separation effect and stability will be poor.
  • the specific selection series of formulas are as follows:
  • Inner layer casting liquid formula a mixture of polyphenylene sulfone, ethylene glycol and n_methyl-2-P pyrrolidone, wherein the mass ratio of the polyphenylsulfone is 10-30%, and the ethylene glycol
  • the mass ratio of the n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is between 2-20%, the mass ratio of the n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is 50-88%, and the combined ratio of the three formulas is 100%;
  • the core liquid formula n-methyl- 2-pyrroli
  • the second set of formulas The outer layer casting liquid: a mixed liquid of cellulose acetate and n_methyl-2-pyrrolidone, wherein the mass ratio of the cellulose acetate is between 1-15%, The mass ratio of n_methyl-2-pyrrolidone is 85-99%, and the combined ratio of the two formulas is 100%;
  • the inner layer casting liquid polyetherimide, polyethylene glycol and n- A mixture of methyl-2-pyrrolidone, wherein the mass ratio of the polyphenylsulfone is 10-30%, the mass ratio of the polyethylene glycol is between 1-10%, and the n-methyl-2 -The mass ratio of pyrrolidone is 60-89%, and the combined ratio of the three formulas is 100%;
  • the core liquid n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, water and polyethylene glycol, wherein the n-methyl The mass ratio of -2-pyrrolidone is 50-99%, the mass ratio of the water is 1-40%, the mass ratio of the poly
  • Outer layer casting liquid formula a mixture of cellulose acetate acetate and n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, wherein the mass ratio of the cellulose acetate acetate is between 1-15%, The mass ratio of the n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is 85-99%, and the combined ratio of the two formulas is 100%;
  • the inner layer casting liquid formula polyetherimide, ethanol and n-methyl- 2-pyrrolidone mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the polyphenylsulfone is 10-30%, the mass ratio of the ethanol is between 1-10%, and the mass ratio of the n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is 60-89%, the combined ratio of the three formulas is 100%;
  • Core liquid formula n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, water and polyethylene glycol, wherein the mass ratio of n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is 50-99%, and the mass ratio of water is 1-40 %, the mass ratio of the polyethylene glycol is 0-10%, and
  • the original hollow fiber pervaporation membrane is adopted.
  • the hollow fiber pervaporation membrane has a high flux and rejection rate.
  • the flux can reach 5-10 times that of cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol membranes and 2-5 times that of inorganic membranes.
  • the processing capacity of the hollow fiber pervaporation membrane is greatly improved, and the separation efficiency is high.
  • the hollow fiber pervaporation membrane has strong tolerance to pH, conductivity and water content, and can directly dehydrate and concentrate crude glycerol with a water content of more than 50-90%.
  • the glycerol concentration equipment provided includes a combination of pervaporation membrane units, heating devices, condensers and other equipment.
  • the equipment investment is small, and it saves space.
  • the corresponding process is simple and practical, and has good practicability.
  • the glycerin product concentrated by this new process is stable. Glycerol is dehydrated and concentrated at a temperature lower than 100 degrees Celsius, without producing malonaldehyde and polyglycerol, without by-products, and with high product recovery rate and minimal impact on the environment.
  • Figure i is an equipment schematic diagram of a glycerin concentration equipment based on a hollow fiber pervaporation membrane according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a glycerol concentration device based on a hollow fiber pervaporation membrane according to another embodiment of the present invention Schematic diagram of the prepared equipment.
  • Fig. 3 is a surface morphology diagram of an ultrafiltration membrane according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS 4 and 5 are schematic diagrams of the structure of an ultrafiltration membrane according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figures 6 and 7 are schematic diagrams of the hollow fiber pervaporation membrane structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 shows the experimental results of Example 3 according to the present invention.
  • the term “a” should be understood as “at least one” or “one or more”, that is, in one embodiment, the number of an element may be one, and in another embodiment, the number of the element The number can be multiple, and the term “one” cannot be understood as a restriction on the number.
  • the crude glycerol liquid is transported to the ultrafiltration unit 2 by the first delivery pump 1 for filtration.
  • the ultrafiltration membrane is an inorganic ceramic membrane with a pore size of 0.05-0. 1 micron and an operating pressure of 0.1-0. 2bar, Get a clean water content of 80% Liquid, turbidity is less than 10NTU, stored in buffer tank 3. At this time, the recovery rate of the ultrafiltration unit 2 is 97-99%.
  • the glycerol clear liquid in the buffer tank 3 is heated to 90 °C through the preheater 5 and the heater 6, and is transported to the pervaporation membrane group 7 for dehydration and concentration.
  • the concentrated product is stored in the product tank 9, and is transported to the use site by the fourth transfer pump 10, and the final product purity is 95 wt%, and the yield is 99%.
  • the vacuum degree of the vacuum pump 14 is set to 20 mbar, and the temperature of the condenser 11 is controlled to be less than 5 ° C.
  • the crude glycerol liquid is transported to the ultrafiltration unit 2 by the first delivery pump 1 for filtration.
  • the ultrafiltration membrane is an organic hollow fiber membrane with a pore size of 0.01-0. 1 micron, an operating pressure of 1 bar, and a water content of 70% of the clear liquid, with a turbidity of less than 10NTU, is stored in buffer tank 3.
  • the recovery ultrafiltration unit 2 is 95% o
  • the glycerol clear liquid in the buffer tank 3 is heated to 80°C by the preheater 5 and heater 6, and is transported to the pervaporation membrane group 7 for dehydration and concentration.
  • the concentrated product is stored in the product tank 9 and transported to the use site by the fourth transfer pump 10.
  • the final product purity is 92 wt%, and the recovery rate is greater than 99%.
  • the vacuum degree of the vacuum pump 14 is set to 15-20 mbar, and the temperature of the condenser 11 is controlled to be less than 5 ° C.
  • Self-prepared 15 kg of glycerol and aqueous solution at this time, the configured glycerol aqueous solution does not have a water content of about 80 wt%.
  • This is an intermittent operation process, as shown in the schematic diagram of the equipment in Figure 2.
  • the clear liquid obtained after filtering the glycerin waste liquid is placed in the material liquid tank 3, the heating device 15 is turned on, and the temperature of the material liquid is increased to 90°C.
  • the final product has a purity of 92.5 wt% and a yield of about 99%.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned best embodiment. Under the enlightenment of the present invention, anyone can derive other products in various forms, but regardless of any changes in its shape or structure, any products that are the same as or similar to the present application Approximate technical solutions fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Abstract

本发明提供一基于中空纤维渗透汽化膜的甘油浓缩方法及设备,该方法采用独创的中空纤维渗透汽化膜对粗甘油进行脱水浓缩,采用的中空纤维渗透汽化膜具有高透水性,通量可达到交联聚乙烯醇膜的5-10倍,无机膜的2-5倍;所述中空纤维渗透汽化膜对料液的水含量无要求,并且对pH和电导率有很宽的耐受范围,因此,该工艺可取代传统的减压多级蒸馏等耗能工艺,直接用来对高含水量的料液进行脱水浓缩,极大程度地降低了生产能耗,降低设备投资成本,进而降低甘油生产成本,运行成本较传统工艺降低50%以上,并且,该工艺的浓缩温度在100℃以下,极大避免了丙三醇的分解和聚合,减少了副产物,提高了产品质量。

Description

基于中空纤维渗透汽化膜的甘油浓缩设备及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及甘油制备领域, 特别涉及一种基于中空纤维渗透汽化膜的甘油 浓缩设备及方法。 背景技术
甘油, 在医药、 涂料、 纺织、 造纸、 化妆品、 食品、 制革、 电工材料和橡 胶等工业中都有着广泛的用途。
目前, 甘油的工业生产方法主要分为两类: 一、 以天然油脂为原料制备得 到的称为天然甘油; 二、 以丙烯为原料制备得到的称为合成甘油, 通过以上两 种方法合成的甘油的含水量都在 70-80%以上, 因此, 将甘油进行脱水浓缩是得 到高纯度甘油的重要环节, 脱水效果直接影响最终得到的甘油的质量。 另外, 在工业应用中产生的含甘油废液的回收也是一个非常重要的市场需求。 目前, 甘油的除水方法主要是蒸馏。然而由于丙三醇的沸点很高 ( 293 °C ),并且在 202 V 以上会分解为丙烯醛而变质, 或者聚合成聚甘油, 因此, 实际操作中通常需要 采用复杂的减压多级蒸馏。 减压多级蒸馏方法虽然可实现甘油的脱水浓缩, 但 是其缺陷非常明显: 第一, 设备复杂, 因为甘油在高温下的不稳定性, 设备控 制和操作要求非常精细; 第二, 设备占地大; 第三, 能耗非常高, 因其沸点很 高, 减压蒸馏的温度在 150°C以上; 第四, 产品纯度低, 如前所述, 甘油对温度 非常敏感, 即使温度在 150-180°C的减压蒸馏条件下, 仍会有少量甘油质变; 第 五, 环境影响大。 渗透汽化作为一种简单节能的前沿技术, 可在甘油制备和回收中提供高效的浓 缩途径。 然而, 目前市场上的无机渗透汽化膜材料有诸多的限制: (1) 原液的 含水量不能超过 20%; (2) 对杂质、 电导率、 pH等非常敏感, 选择层容易被酸 碱盐分等破坏; (3) 丙三醇由于其高粘度的特性, 很容易堵塞无机渗透汽化膜 的选择层从而使膜分离性能迅速下降。 因此, 目前市场上并无合适的渗透汽化 膜可用于丙三醇的脱水浓缩, 且工业和学术界也无相关案例的应用研究。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于中空纤维渗透汽化膜的甘油浓缩设备及方 法, 其为一种全新的甘油浓缩工艺, 采用独创的渗透汽化膜可在低于 100摄氏 度下对高含水量的丙三醇溶液进行脱水浓缩, 以完全取代多级减压蒸馏技术, 使得甘油浓缩工艺的能耗大大降低, 另外也具备产品质量大大提高, 并且设备 简单占地小, 环境影响小的优势。
为了实现以上任一发明目的, 本发明提供一基于中空纤维渗透汽化膜的甘 油浓缩方法, 包括以下步骤:
S 1: 含有 20%-50%的丙三醇粗液超滤过滤 TSS悬浮杂质, 得到过滤清液;
S2: 加热过滤清液;
S3 : 采用中空纤维渗透汽化膜脱水浓缩过滤清液, 得到回收的丙三醇。 其中, 步骤 S1当中, 含有 20%-50%的丙三醇粗液首先进入超滤单元过滤掉 TSS悬浮杂质, 其中 TSS悬浮杂质包括纤维素, 木质素, 蛋白质, 悬浮颗粒等, 所述超滤单元实施为超滤膜, 所述超滤膜为无机陶瓷膜或者有机膜, 所述超滤 膜选自中空纤维膜, 板式膜, 单通道管式膜或者多通道管式膜, 所述超滤膜的 孔径为 0. 01-0. 2微米。 当所述超滤膜为陶瓷超滤膜时, 所述陶瓷超滤膜的孔径 为 0. 01-0. 1微米;当所述超滤膜为有机超滤膜,所述有机超滤膜为中空纤维膜, 孔径为 0. 01-0. 05微米, 操作压力为 0. l-3bar, 该步骤的目的是过滤 TSS悬浮 杂质, 保护渗透汽化单元;
其中, 步骤 S2当中, 收集步骤 S1得到的过滤清液于缓冲罐中, 过滤清液 经过预热器和加热器加热到设定温度 60-100 °C, 值得一提的是, 在本发明中, 过滤清液的加热温度不超过 100摄氏度, 因此, 保证在可在低于 100摄氏度下 对高含水量的丙三醇溶液进行脱水浓缩, 从而避免丙三醇在高温环境下质变为 丙三醛以及聚甘油等杂质, 保证了最终产品的纯度和质量。
其中, 步骤 S3当中, 采用独创的中空纤维渗透汽化膜对加热后的过滤清液 进行渗透汽化脱水, 值得一提的是, 本发明采用的中空纤维渗透汽化膜由膜内 至膜外依次形成内层支撑层, 选择分离层以及外层保护层, 其中所述选择分离 层置于所述内层支撑层和所述外层保护层之间, 所述外层保护层具有亲水性; 且形成的膜的膜外径为 0. 8-1. 5mm, 内径为 0. 5-1. 2mm,壁厚为 0. 1-0. 2mm。
另外, 在步骤 S3当中, 中空纤维渗透汽化膜组成渗透汽化组件, 渗透汽化 组件渗透侧和真空机组相连接, 以保持真空度在 5-30mbar, 水分在渗透汽化膜 中扩散至渗透侧, 在冷凝器中凝结成液体后, 储存在渗透液罐中, 而浓缩后的 丙三醇经过降温进入产品罐, 渗透汽化组件截留侧的表压为 0-3 bar, 渗透侧的 绝压为 5-30 mbar,得到的产品纯度 92_95%, 本发明的实施例中, 至少包括 1_15 个渗透汽化组件, 优选包括 5-15个渗透汽化组件。
对应地, 本发明提供一基于中空纤维渗透汽化膜的甘油浓缩设备, 至少包 括超滤装置, 加热装置, 渗透汽化装置、 冷凝装置、 输送装置和存储装置, 其 中输送装置将超滤装置、 加热装置、 渗透汽化装置以及冷凝装置依次连接, 以 完成甘油的脱水浓缩。 具体而言, 所述超滤装置包括至少一超滤单元, 其中该超滤单元由超滤膜 组件和附属设备组成。 所述超滤膜为无机陶瓷膜或者有机膜, 所述超滤膜选自 中空纤维膜, 板式膜, 单通道管式膜或者多通道管式膜, 所述超滤膜的孔径为 0. 01-0. 2微米。 该超滤单元用来过滤粗液中的 TSS杂质, 如木质素, 蛋白质, 悬浮颗粒等, 以保护后面的渗透汽化单元。
所述加热装置包括至少一预热器和加热器, 预热器的作用废热再利用, 合 理利用产品余热对原料液加热, 加热器的作用将料液加热到特定温度, 以增加 渗透汽化单元的处理能力。
所述渗透装置包括至少一渗透汽化膜组, 所述渗透汽化膜组内使用的膜为 独创的中空纤维渗透汽化膜, 该中空纤维渗透汽化膜具有高透水性, 可在低于 100摄氏度下对丙三醇进行高效脱水,所述冷凝装置为冷凝器,以冷凝蒸发的水。
如图 1和 2所示, 所述甘油浓缩设备可以为连续运作设备也可以是间隙运 作设备, 当其为连续运作设备时, 所述甘油浓缩设备包括依次连接的第一输送 泵 1、 超滤单元 2、 缓冲罐 3、 预热器 5、 加热器 6以及渗透汽化膜组 7, 其中渗 透汽化膜组 7的渗透侧连接真空机组 14,且在所述真空机组 14和所述渗透汽化 膜组 7之间设有第二冷凝器 11, 第二冷凝器 11连接渗透液罐 12 , 渗透液罐 12 一端连接第三输送泵 13 , 水分从渗透汽化膜组 7的渗透侧蒸出, 并在第二冷凝 器 11中凝结成液体后, 储存在渗透液罐 12中; 其中渗透汽化膜组 7的截留侧 连接产品罐 9, 在产品罐 9和渗透汽化膜组 7之间设有第一冷凝器 8 , 产品罐 9 一端连接第四输送泵 10, 脱水后的丙三醇从渗透汽化膜组 7的截留侧流出, 并 在第一冷凝器 8中凝结成液体后, 储存在广品罐 9中。
另外, 在缓冲罐 3和预热器 5之间设有第二输送泵 4, 第二输送泵 4输送物 料进入预热器 5和加热器 6中加热。整机的工作过程如下: 含有 20%-50%的丙三 醇粗液进入超滤单元 2 内过滤掉 TSS悬浮杂质后, 得到的过滤清液缓存在缓冲 罐 3中; 在第二输送泵 4的作用下输送给预热器 5和加热器 6, 加热到一定的温 度后进入渗透汽化膜组 7; 在渗透汽化膜组 7的渗透侧给予一定的真空度, 水分 从渗透侧蒸发出, 物料从截留侧流出, 冷凝后得到脱水浓缩后的丙三醇。
当其为间隙运作设备时,可仅仅包括料液罐 3 ,加热装置 15 ,第二输送泵 4, 渗透汽化膜组 7 , 第二冷凝器 11、 渗透液罐 12和真空机组 14, 此时, 超滤单元 不附加到浓缩设备上, 单独操作。
具体而言, 此时, 料液罐 3的一侧连接加热装置 15 , 料液罐 3的一侧连接 渗透汽化膜组 7, 其中渗透汽化膜组 7的渗透侧连接真空机组 14, 且在所述真 空机组 14和所述渗透汽化膜组 7之间设有第二冷凝器 11, 第二冷凝器 11连接 渗透液罐 12 , 水分从渗透汽化膜组 7的渗透侧蒸出, 并在第二冷凝器 11中凝结 成液体后, 储存在渗透液罐 12中; 渗透汽化膜组 7的截留侧连接料液罐 3, 在 料液罐 3和渗透汽化膜组 7之间设置料液输送泵 4,从渗透汽化膜组 7浓缩得到 的丙三醇被传送回料液罐 3。
值得一提的是, 在本发明中采用中空纤维渗透汽化膜, 且该中空纤维渗透 汽化膜的通量和截留率高,通量可达到交联聚乙烯醇膜的 5-10倍,无机膜的 2-5 倍; 所述中空纤维渗透汽化膜组成的膜组件填装面积大, 单位体积下可达到板 框式膜组件的 5倍以上, 管式膜组件的 20倍以上, 关于该中空纤维渗透汽化膜 的具体内容介绍如下:
该中空纤维渗透汽化膜的制备:
步骤 1 : 配制内层铸膜液、 外层铸膜液以及芯液, 所述内层铸膜液、 所述外 层铸膜液和所述芯液通过喷丝口形成中空管状液膜;
步骤 2 : 所述中空管状液膜经过空气间隙后进入凝固浴池被相变凝固, 得到 中空纤维膜丝; 以及
步骤 3 : 处理所述中空纤维膜丝, 得到中空纤维渗透汽化膜。
其中在所述步骤 S3当中可以选择:
步骤 S31 : 依次用水、置换液和微孔保护液对所述中空纤维丝进行浸泡, 随 后在空气中晾干。
也可以选择: 冻干所述中空纤维膜丝。
另外, 在制备过程当中, 优选控制内层铸膜液的流速为 0. l-30ml/min, 外 层铸膜液流速 0. l-30ml/min, 芯液流速 0. l_30ml/min, 芯液和铸膜液温度 5-80 摄氏度, 喷丝头温度 5-80摄氏度, 绕丝轮速度 l_50m/min, 凝固池温度 5_80摄 氏度, 这样的制备条件控制使得本发明得到的中空纤维渗透汽化膜相较其他膜 有更好的性能。
其中所述外层铸膜液包括亲水性高分子和溶剂, 其中所述亲水性高分子包 括但不限于磺化聚砜,磺化聚苯砜,磺化聚醚砜,磺化聚酰胺和磺化聚酰亚胺, 聚乙烯醇, 聚氧乙烯, 纤维素, 纤维素乙酸酯, 水解聚丙烯腈, 聚乙烯吡咯烷 酮, 壳聚糖, 聚醚胺以及聚乙烯亚胺; 所述溶剂包括但不限于 n-甲基 -2 -吡咯烷 酮, N,N-二甲基乙酰胺, 二甲基甲酰胺, 二甲基亚砜, 四氢呋喃, 二氯甲烷, 三氯甲烷;
其中所述内层铸膜液包括聚合物高分子、 溶剂和助剂, 其中所述聚合物高 分子包括但不限于聚砜, 聚醚砜, 聚苯砜, 聚酰胺, 聚酰亚胺, 聚酰胺-酰亚胺, 聚偏二氟乙烯, 聚四氟乙烯, 聚丙烯晴, 聚丙烯, 聚碳酸酯, 聚苯并咪唑, 聚 氨酯; 所述溶剂包括但不限于 n-甲基 -2 -吡咯烷酮, N,N-二甲基乙酰胺, 二甲基 甲酰胺, 二甲基亚砜, 四氢呋喃, 二氯甲烷, 三氯甲烷; 以及所述助剂包括但 不限于聚乙二醇, 乙二醇, 丙三醇, 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮, 水, 乙醇, 丙酮, 氯化 锂, 溴化锂, 氯化钙;
其中所述芯液包括溶剂、 非溶剂和助剂, 其中所述助剂包括但不限于聚乙 二醇, 乙二醇, 丙三醇, 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮, 乙醇, 丙酮, 正丁醇, 其中所述溶 剂包括但不限于 n-甲基 -2 -吡咯烷酮, N,N-二甲基乙酰胺, 二甲基甲酰胺, 二甲 基亚砜, 四氢呋喃, 二氯甲烷, 三氯甲烷, 所述非溶剂为水。
结构如下:
如图 6和图 7所示, 传统的中空纤维渗透汽化膜从内向外依次形成传统内 层支撑层、 传统过渡支撑层以及传统选择性分离层, 也就是说, 此时传统选择 性分离层位于传统中空纤维渗透汽化膜的最外层, 在实际应用中就容易出现分 离层溶胀、化学分解和物理破坏等问题,进而破坏渗透汽化膜的膜结构完整性, 降低分离效率。 而本发明提供的中空纤维渗透汽化膜由内到外依次形成内层支 撑层、 选择性分离层以及外层保护层, 也就是说, 此时选择性分离层位于所述 外层保护层内被保护, 所述外层保护层具有良好的亲水性, 而避免化学性和物 理性破环等问题。 本发明提供的中空纤维渗透汽化膜的该中空结构是通过控制 内层铸膜液和外层铸膜液的配方达到的, 如果内外层的相容性很好, 那么中间 选择性分离层则形成不了, 如果内外层的相容性太差, 那么内外层会出现脱层 剥离的现象, 分离效果和稳定性则会很差。 本发明人在尝试了多组配方, 最终 确定了一系列的内层铸膜液和外层铸膜液的配方, 可以使得内外层达到“半相 容”的理想状态,实际得到的中空纤维渗透汽化膜的截面图如图 6和图 7所示。
具体的选择系列配方如下所示: 第一组配方: 外层铸膜液配方: 磺化聚苯砜和 n_甲基 _2 -吡咯烷酮的混合 液, 其中所述磺化聚苯砜的质量比在 10-35%之间, 所述 n-甲基 -2 -吡咯烷酮的 质量比在 65-90%, 其中二者配方合起来比例为 100%; 内层铸膜液配方: 聚苯讽、 乙二醇和 n_甲基 -2-P比咯焼酬的混合液, 其中 所述聚苯砜的质量比在 10-30%, 所述乙二醇的质量比在 2-20%之间, 所述 n-甲 基 -2 -吡咯烷酮的质量比在 50-88%, 其中三者配方合起来比例为 100%; 芯液配方: n-甲基 -2 -吡咯烷酮、 水和乙二醇, 其中所述 n-甲基 -2 -吡咯烷 酮的质量比为 50-99%,所述水的质量比在 1-4%,所述乙二醇的质量比在 0-10 %, 其中三者配方合起来比例为 100%。 第二组配方: 所述外层铸膜液: 纤维素乙酸酯和 n_甲基 _2 -吡咯烷酮的混合液, 其中所 述纤维素乙酸酯的质量比在 1-15%之间, 所述 n_甲基 -2 -吡咯烷酮的质量比在 85-99%, 其中二者配方合起来比例为 100%; 所述内层铸膜液:聚醚酰亚胺、聚乙二醇和 n-甲基 -2 -吡咯烷酮的混合液, 其中所述聚苯砜的质量比在 10-30%, 所述聚乙二醇的质量比在 1-10%之间, 所 述 n-甲基 -2 -吡咯烷酮的质量比在 60-89%, 其中三者配方合起来比例为 100%; 所述芯液: n-甲基 -2 -吡咯烷酮、 水和聚乙二醇, 其中所述 n-甲基 -2 -吡咯 烷酮的质量比为 50-99%,所述水的质量比在 1-40%, 所述聚乙二醇的质量比在 0-10 %, 其中三者配方合起来比例为 100%。 外层铸膜液配方: 纤维素乙酸酯乙酸酯和 n-甲基 -2 -吡咯烷酮的混合液, 其中所述纤维素乙酸酯乙酸酯的质量比在 1-15%之间, 所述 n-甲基 -2 -吡咯烷酮 的质量比在 85-99%, 其中二者配方合起来比例为 100%; 内层铸膜液配方: 聚醚酰亚胺、 乙醇和 n-甲基 -2 -吡咯烷酮的混合液, 其 中所述聚苯砜的质量比在 10-30%, 所述乙醇的质量比在 1-10%之间, 所述 n-甲 基 -2 -吡咯烷酮的质量比在 60-89%, 其中三者配方合起来比例为 100%; 芯液配方: n-甲基 -2 -吡咯烷酮、 水和聚乙二醇, 其中所述 n-甲基 -2 -吡咯 烷酮的质量比为 50-99%,所述水的质量比在 1-40%, 所述聚乙二醇的质量比在 0-10 %, 其中三者配方合起来比例为 100%。 相较现有技术, 本发明的有益效果为:
1、 采用超滤和渗透汽化的工艺取代传统的减压多级蒸馏等耗能工艺, 极大 程度地降低了生产能耗的浪费, 降低设备投资成本, 进而降低乙醇生产成本, 运行成本较传统工艺降低 50%以上。
2、 采用独创的中空纤维渗透汽化膜, 所述中空纤维渗透汽化膜的通量和截 留率高, 通量可达到交联聚乙烯醇膜的 5-10倍, 无机膜的 2-5倍, 从而使得所 述中空纤维渗透汽化膜的处理能力被大幅度地提高, 分离效率高,
3、 所述中空纤维渗透汽化膜对 pH、 电导率和水含量的耐受性强, 可直接对 含水量在 50-90%以上的粗甘油进行脱水浓缩。
3、 提供的甘油浓缩设备包括渗透汽化膜组、 加热装置、 冷凝器等设备组合 形成, 设备投资小, 且节省占地空间, 对应的工艺简单实用, 具有良好的实用 性。
4、 通过该新工艺浓缩的甘油产品稳定, 在低于 100摄氏度下对丙三醇进行 脱水浓缩, 不生成丙三醛和聚甘油, 无副产品, 且产品回收率高, 对环境影响 极小。
附图说明
图 i是根据本发明的一实施例的基于中空纤维渗透汽化膜的甘油浓缩设备 的设备示意图。
图 2是根据本发明的另一实施例的基于中空纤维渗透汽化膜的甘油浓缩设 备的设备示意图。
图 3是根据本发明的一实施例的超滤膜表面形态图。
图 4和图 5是根据本发明的另一实施例的超滤膜的结构示意图。
图 6和图 7是根据本发明的一实施例的中空纤维渗透汽化膜的结构示意图。 图 8是根据本发明的实施例 3的实验结果丙三醇含水量变化。
图中: 第一输送泵 1、 超滤单元 2、 缓冲罐 3、 第二输送泵 4、 预热器 5、 加 热器 6、 渗透汽化膜组 7、 第一冷凝器 8, 产品罐 9、 第四输送泵 10、 第二冷凝 器 11、 渗透液罐 12、 第三输送泵 13、 真空机组 14、 加热装置 15。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图, 对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清 楚、 完整地描述, 显然, 所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例, 而不是 全部的实施例。 基于本发明中的实施例, 本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其 他实施例, 都属于本发明保护的范围。
可以理解的是, 术语“一”应理解为“至少一”或“一个或多个” , 即在 一个实施例中, 一个元件的数量可以为一个, 而在另外的实施例中, 该元件的 数量可以为多个, 术语“一”不能理解为对数量的限制。
以下介绍利用本发明的基于中空纤维渗透汽化膜的甘油浓缩设备及方法进 行实际丙三醇脱水浓缩的实施例:
实施例 1 :
取用某生产企业的丙三醇粗液, 水含量约 80 wt%, 浊度为 300NTU, 此为连 续运行过程, 图 1设备示意图所示。
丙三醇粗液经第一输送泵 1被输送至超滤单元 2进行过滤超滤膜是无机陶 瓷膜, 孔径为 0. 05-0. 1微米, 操作压力为 0. 1-0. 2bar,得到水含量为 80%的清 液, 浊度小于 10NTU, 储存于缓冲罐 3 中。 此时, 得到超滤单元 2的回收率为 97-99%。
缓冲罐 3中的丙三醇清液经预热器 5和加热器 6 , 被加热到 90 °C, 输送入 渗透汽化膜组 7进行脱水浓缩。
浓缩后的产品储存在产品罐 9 , 并由第四输送泵 10输送至使用场地, 最终 得到产品纯度为 95 wt%, 收率为 99%。
水分渗透扩散至渗透汽化模组 7的真空测, 在冷凝器 11中液化, 储存于渗 透液管 12中, 并由输送泵 13输送至别处。 真空泵 14的真空度设置为 20mbar, 冷凝器 11的温度控制在小于 5 °C。
实施例 2 :
取用某企业的丙三醇使用过程中产生的废液, 水含量约 70 wt%, 并含有 3% 的木质纤维素, 浊度为 500NTU, 此为连续运行过程, 图 1设备示意图所示。
丙三醇粗液经第一输送泵 1被输送至超滤单元 2进行过滤, 超滤膜是有机 中空纤维膜, 孔径为 0. 01-0. 1微米, 操作压力为 lbar,得到水含量为 70%的清 液, 浊度小于 10NTU, 储存于缓冲罐 3 中。 此时, 得到超滤单元 2的回收率为 95% o
缓冲罐 3中的丙三醇清液经预热器 5和加热器 6, 被加热到 80°C, 输送入 渗透汽化膜组 7进行脱水浓缩。
浓缩后的产品储存在产品罐 9, 并由第四输送泵 10输送至使用场地, 最终 得到产品纯度为 92 wt%, 回收收率大于 99%。
水分渗透扩散至渗透汽化模组 7的真空测, 在冷凝器 11中液化, 储存于渗 透液管 12中,并由输送泵 13输送至别处。真空泵 14的真空度设置为 15-20mbar, 冷凝器 11的温度控制在小于 5 °C。 实施例 3 :
自行配制丙三醇与水溶液 15 kg, 此时, 配置的丙三醇水溶液没有水含量 约 80 wt%, 此为间歇运行过程, 图 2设备示意图所示。 将丙三醇水溶液置于料 液罐 3中, 打开加热装置 15 , 待料液温度升至 90 °C。 打开输送泵 4, 料液输送 至渗透汽化模组 7,然后回流至料液罐 3。打开真空机组 14,控制真空度为 20mbar, 冷凝器 11温度不小于 5 °C, 进行脱水浓缩。 测试料液罐 3中的料液水含量, 待 水含量降至约 6wt%, 停止实验。 丙三醇的含水量变化如图 8所示。 最终得到产 品纯度为 94wt%, 收率约 99%o
实施例 4:
取用某企业的丙三醇使用过程中产生的废液 12kg, 水含量约 70 wt%, 并含 有 3%的木质纤维素, 浊度为 500NTU, 此为间歇运行过程。
将甘油废液过滤后得到的清液置于料液罐 3中, 打开加热装置 15, 待料液 温度升至 90°C。 打开输送泵 4, 料液输送至渗透汽化模组 7, 然后回流至料液罐 3。 打开真空机组 14, 控制真空度为 20mbar,冷凝器 11温度不小于 5 °C, 进行脱 水浓缩。 测试料液罐 3中的料液水含量, 待水含量降至约 8wt%, 停止实验。 最 终得到产品纯度为 92. 5wt%, 收率约 99%。
本发明不局限于上述最佳实施方式, 任何人在本发明的启示下都可得出其 他各种形式的产品, 但不论在其形状或结构上作任何变化, 凡是具有与本申请 相同或相近似的技术方案, 均落在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 基于中空纤维渗透汽化膜的甘油浓缩方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤
S1: 含有 20%-50%的丙三醇粗液经过超滤过滤 TSS, 得到过滤清液;
S2: 加热过滤清液, 加热温度控制在 60-100°C ;
S3: 采用中空纤维渗透汽化膜脱水浓缩过滤清液, 得到回收的 92-95%的 丙三醇, 其中所述中空纤维渗透汽化膜由膜内至膜外依次形成内层支撑层, 选择分离层以及外层保护层,其中所述选择分离层置于所述内层支撑层和所 述外层保护层之间, 所述外层保护层具有亲水性。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的基于中空纤维渗透汽化膜的甘油浓缩方法, 其特 征在于, 所述中空纤维渗透汽化膜的制备过程如下: 步骤 1 : 配制内层铸膜 液、 外层铸膜液以及芯液, 所述内层铸膜液、 所述外层铸膜液和所述芯液通 过喷丝口形成中空管状液膜; 步骤 2: 所述中空管状液膜经过空气间隙后进 入凝固浴池被相变凝固, 得到中空纤维膜丝; 以及步骤 3 : 处理所述中空纤 维膜丝, 得到中空纤维渗透汽化膜; 其中所述外层铸膜液包括亲水性高分子 和溶剂, 其中所述亲水性高分子包括但不限于磺化聚砜, 磺化聚苯砜, 磺化 聚醚砜, 磺化聚酰胺和磺化聚酰亚胺, 聚乙烯醇, 聚氧乙烯, 纤维素, 纤维 素乙酸酯, 水解聚丙烯腈, 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮, 壳聚糖, 聚醚胺以及聚乙烯亚 胺; 所述溶剂包括但不限于 n-甲基 -2 -吡咯烷酮, N,N-二甲基乙酰胺, 二甲 基甲酰胺, 二甲基亚砜, 四氢呋喃, 二氯甲烷, 三氯甲烷; 其中所述内层铸 膜液包括聚合物高分子、 溶剂和助剂, 其中所述聚合物高分子包括但不限于 聚砜, 聚醚砜, 聚苯砜, 聚酰胺, 聚酰亚胺, 聚酰胺-酰亚胺, 聚偏二氟乙 烯, 聚四氟乙烯, 聚丙烯晴, 聚丙烯, 聚碳酸酯, 聚苯并咪唑, 聚氨酯; 所 述溶剂包括但不限于 n-甲基 -2 -吡咯烷酮, N,N-二甲基乙酰胺, 二甲基甲酰 胺, 二甲基亚砜, 四氢呋喃, 二氯甲烷, 三氯甲烷; 以及所述助剂包括但不 限于聚乙二醇, 乙二醇, 丙三醇, 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮, 水, 乙醇, 丙酮, 氯化 锂, 溴化锂, 氯化钙; 其中所述芯液包括溶剂、 非溶剂和助剂, 其中所述助 剂包括但不限于聚乙二醇, 乙二醇, 丙三醇, 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮, 水, 乙醇, 丙酮, 正丁醇。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的基于中空纤维渗透汽化膜的甘油浓缩方法, 其特 征在于, 所述外层铸膜液为磺化聚苯砜和 n_甲基 _2 -吡咯烷酮的混合液, 其 中所述磺化聚苯砜的质量比在 10-35%之间,所述 n-甲基 -2-P比咯焼酮的质量 比在 65-90%, 其中二者配方合起来比例为 100%; 所述内层铸膜液为: 聚苯 石风、 乙二醇和 n_甲基 -2-P比咯焼酬的混合液, 其中所述聚苯讽的质量比在 10-30%, 所述乙二醇的质量比在 2-20%之间, 所述 n-甲基 -2 -吡咯烷酮的质 量比在 50-88%, 其中三者配方合起来比例为 100%; 所述芯液为: n-甲基 -2- 吡咯烷酮、 水和乙二醇, 其中所述 n-甲基 -2 -吡咯烷酮的质量比为 50-99%, 所述水的质量比在 1-40%, 所述乙二醇的质量比在 0-10 %, 其中三者配方合 起来比例为 100%。
4、 根据权利要求 2所述的基于中空纤维渗透汽化膜的甘油浓缩方法其特征 在于, 所述外层铸膜液: 纤维素乙酸酯和 n_甲基 _2 -吡咯烷酮的混合液, 其 中所述纤维素乙酸酯的质量比在 1-25%之间, 所述 n_甲基 -2 -吡咯烷酮的质 量比在 75-99%, 其中二者配方合起来比例为 100%; 所述内层铸膜液: 聚醚 酰亚胺、 聚乙二醇和 n-甲基 -2 -吡咯烷酮的混合液, 其中所述聚苯砜的质量 比在 10-30%, 所述聚乙二醇的质量比在 1-10%之间, 所述 n-甲基 -2 -吡咯烷 酮的质量比在 60-89%, 其中三者配方合起来比例为 100%; 所述芯液: n-甲 基 -2 -吡咯烷酮、 水和聚乙二醇, 其中所述 n_甲基 -2 -吡咯烷酮的质量比为 50-99%,所述水的质量比在 1-40%, 所述聚乙二醇的质量比在 0-10 %, 其中 三者配方合起来比例为 100%。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的基于中空纤维渗透汽化膜的甘油浓缩方法, 其特 征在于, 所述超滤膜为无机陶瓷膜或者有机膜, 所述超滤膜选自中空纤维膜 , 板式膜, 单通道管式膜或者多通道管式膜, 所述超滤膜的孔径为 0. 01-0. 2 微米,当所述超滤膜为陶瓷超滤膜时,所述陶瓷超滤膜的孔径为 0. 01-0. 1微 米; 当所述超滤膜为有机超滤膜, 所述有机超滤膜为中空纤维膜, 孔径为 0. 01-0. 05微米。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的基于中空纤维渗透汽化膜的甘油浓缩方法, 其特 征在于, 超滤时的操作压力为 0. l-5bar; 渗透汽化组件截留侧的表压为 0-3 bar, 渗透侧的绝压为 5-30 mbar。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的基于中空纤维渗透汽化膜的甘油浓缩方法, 其特 征在于, 所述中空纤维渗透汽化膜的膜外径为 0. 8-1. 5mm , 内径为 0. 5-1. 2mm,壁厚为 0. 1-0. 2mm。
8、 基于中空纤维渗透汽化膜的甘油浓缩设备, 其特征在于, 包括:
依次连接的超滤单元 (2) 、 缓冲罐 (3) 、 预热器 (5) 、 加热器 (6) 以及渗透汽化膜组(7) , 其中渗透汽化膜组(7) 的渗透侧连接真空机组( 14) , 且在所述真空机组 (14) 和所述渗透汽化膜组 (7) 之间设有第二冷 凝器 (11) , 第二冷凝器(11) 连接渗透液罐 (12) ; 其中渗透汽化膜组 ( 7) 的截留侧连接产品罐 (9) , 在产品罐 (9) 和渗透汽化膜组(7) 之间设 有第一冷凝器 (8) ;
所述渗透汽化模组由中空纤维渗透汽化膜组成, 所述中空纤维渗透汽化 膜由膜内至膜外依次形成内层支撑层, 选择分离层以及外层保护层, 其中所 述选择分离层置于所述内层支撑层和所述外层保护层之间,所述外层保护层 具有亲水性; 所述中空纤维渗透汽化膜的制备过程如下: 步骤 1 : 配制内层 铸膜液、 外层铸膜液以及芯液, 所述内层铸膜液、 所述外层铸膜液和所述芯 液通过喷丝口形成中空管状液膜; 步骤 2 : 所述中空管状液膜经过空气间隙 后进入凝固浴池被相变凝固, 得到中空纤维膜丝; 以及步骤 3 : 处理所述中 空纤维膜丝, 得到中空纤维渗透汽化膜; 其中所述外层铸膜液包括亲水性高 分子和溶剂, 其中所述亲水性高分子包括但不限于磺化聚砜, 磺化聚苯砜, 磺化聚醚砜, 磺化聚酰胺和磺化聚酰亚胺, 聚乙烯醇, 聚氧乙烯, 纤维素, 纤维素乙酸酯, 水解聚丙烯腈, 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮, 壳聚糖, 聚醚胺以及聚乙 烯亚胺; 所述溶剂包括但不限于 n-甲基 -2 -吡咯烷酮, N,N-二甲基乙酰胺, 二甲基甲酰胺, 二甲基亚砜, 四氢呋喃, 二氯甲烷, 三氯甲烷; 其中所述内 层铸膜液包括聚合物高分子、溶剂和助剂, 其中所述聚合物高分子包括但不 限于聚砜, 聚醚砜, 聚苯砜, 聚酰胺, 聚酰亚胺, 聚酰胺-酰亚胺, 聚偏二 氟乙烯, 聚四氟乙烯, 聚丙烯晴, 聚丙烯, 聚碳酸酯, 聚苯并咪唑, 聚氨酯 ; 所述溶剂包括但不限于 n-甲基 -2 -吡咯烷酮, N,N-二甲基乙酰胺, 二甲基 甲酰胺, 二甲基亚砜, 四氢呋喃, 二氯甲烷, 三氯甲烷; 以及所述助剂包括 但不限于聚乙二醇, 乙二醇, 丙三醇, 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮, 水, 乙醇, 丙酮, 氯化锂, 溴化锂, 氯化钙; 其中所述芯液包括溶剂、 非溶剂和助剂, 其中所 述助剂包括但不限于聚乙二醇, 乙二醇, 丙三醇, 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮, 水, 乙 醇, 丙酮, 正丁醇。
9、 基于中空纤维渗透汽化膜的甘油浓缩设备, 其特征在于, 包括: 所述超 滤膜为无机陶瓷膜或者有机膜, 所述超滤膜选自中空纤维膜, 板式膜, 单通 道管式膜或者多通道管式膜, 所述超滤膜的孔径为 0.01-0.2微米。 当所述超 滤膜为陶瓷超滤膜时, 所述陶瓷超滤膜的孔径为 0.01-0.1微米; 当所述超滤 膜为有机超滤膜, 所述有机超滤膜为中空纤维膜, 孔径为 0.01-0.05微米。
10、 基于中空纤维渗透汽化膜的甘油浓缩设备, 其特征在于, 包括: 料液罐 (3) , 加热装置 (15) , 第二输送泵 (4) , 渗透汽化膜组 (7) , 第二冷凝器 (11) 、 渗透液罐 (12) 和真空机组 (14) ; 料液罐 (3) 的一 侧连接加热装置(15) , 料液罐 (3) 的另一侧连接渗透汽化膜组 (7) , 其 中渗透汽化膜组 (7) 的渗透侧连接真空机组 (14) , 且在所述真空机组 ( 14) 和所述渗透汽化膜组 (7) 之间设有第二冷凝器 (11) , 第二冷凝器 ( 11) 连接渗透液罐 (12) ; 渗透汽化膜组 (7) 的截留侧连接料液罐 (3) , 在料液罐 (3) 和渗透汽化膜组 (7) 之间设置第二输送泵 (4) , 从渗透汽 化膜组(7)浓缩的丙三醇被传送回料液罐(3) ; 所述渗透汽化模组由中空 纤维渗透汽化膜组成,所述中空纤维渗透汽化膜由膜内至膜外依次形成内层 支撑层, 选择分离层以及外层保护层, 其中所述选择分离层置于所述内层支 撑层和所述外层保护层之间, 所述外层保护层具有亲水性; 所述中空纤维渗 透汽化膜的制备过程如下: 步骤 1 : 配制内层铸膜液、 外层铸膜液以及芯液 , 所述内层铸膜液、所述外层铸膜液和所述芯液通过喷丝口形成中空管状液 膜; 步骤 2 : 所述中空管状液膜经过空气间隙后进入凝固浴池被相变凝固, 得到中空纤维膜丝; 以及步骤 3 : 处理所述中空纤维膜丝, 得到中空纤维渗 透汽化膜; 其中所述外层铸膜液包括亲水性高分子和溶剂, 其中所述亲水性 高分子包括但不限于磺化聚砜, 磺化聚苯砜, 磺化聚醚砜, 磺化聚酰胺和磺 化聚酰亚胺, 聚乙烯醇, 聚氧乙烯, 纤维素, 纤维素乙酸酯, 水解聚丙烯腈 , 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮, 壳聚糖, 聚醚胺以及聚乙烯亚胺; 所述溶剂包括但不限 于 n-甲基 -2 -吡咯烷酮, N, N-二甲基乙酰胺, 二甲基甲酰胺, 二甲基亚砜, 四氢呋喃, 二氯甲烷, 三氯甲烷; 其中所述内层铸膜液包括聚合物高分子、 溶剂和助剂, 其中所述聚合物高分子包括但不限于聚砜, 聚醚砜, 聚苯砜, 聚酰胺, 聚酰亚胺, 聚酰胺-酰亚胺, 聚偏二氟乙烯, 聚四氟乙烯, 聚丙烯 晴, 聚丙烯, 聚碳酸酯, 聚苯并咪唑, 聚氨酯; 所述溶剂包括但不限于 n- 甲基 -2 -吡咯烷酮, N,N-二甲基乙酰胺, 二甲基甲酰胺, 二甲基亚砜, 四氢 呋喃, 二氯甲烷, 三氯甲烷; 以及所述助剂包括但不限于聚乙二醇, 乙二醇 , 丙三醇, 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮, 水, 乙醇, 丙酮, 氯化锂, 溴化锂, 氯化钙; 其中所述芯液包括溶剂、 非溶剂和助剂, 其中所述助剂包括但不限于聚乙二 醇, 乙二醇, 丙三醇, 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮, 水, 乙醇, 丙酮, 正丁醇。
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