WO2020164395A1 - Two-stroke engine having independent combustion chamber and special piston and with synchronous boosting - Google Patents

Two-stroke engine having independent combustion chamber and special piston and with synchronous boosting Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020164395A1
WO2020164395A1 PCT/CN2020/074127 CN2020074127W WO2020164395A1 WO 2020164395 A1 WO2020164395 A1 WO 2020164395A1 CN 2020074127 W CN2020074127 W CN 2020074127W WO 2020164395 A1 WO2020164395 A1 WO 2020164395A1
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Prior art keywords
valve
combustion chamber
piston
independent combustion
cylinder
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PCT/CN2020/074127
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张诗刚
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张诗刚
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Publication of WO2020164395A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020164395A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
    • F02B23/10—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/18—Other cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/42—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of engines, in particular to a two-stroke engine with independent combustion chambers, special pistons and synchronous supercharging.
  • engines can be divided into four-stroke engines and two-stroke engines.
  • a four-stroke engine the piston reciprocates twice for every two revolutions of the crankshaft (720 degrees), and the engine completes a working cycle, that is, every four strokes complete a working cycle.
  • a two-stroke engine every time the crankshaft rotates one revolution (360 degrees), the piston reciprocates once, and the engine completes a working cycle, that is, every two strokes complete a working cycle.
  • the existing four-stroke engine has an intake stroke and a compression stroke, its existence fundamentally reduces the working efficiency of the engine, increases the load, and it is difficult to effectively improve the explosiveness.
  • the existing two-stroke engine crankshaft rotates once, there is a power stroke, therefore, under the same conditions of speed, intake conditions and other factors, theoretically the power that the two-stroke engine can produce should be equal to the same working volume four-stroke engine Produce twice the power.
  • the exhaust gas of the two-stroke engine is not completely discharged, and the scavenging port is closed before the exhaust port, additional exhaust gas is generated, and the air pressure is difficult to increase; in fact, the performance of the two-stroke engine is not ideal, and the oil is discharged without burning Go out, causing waste and pollution.
  • the compression chamber of the existing engine and the combustion chamber are in the same space.
  • engines with different compression ratios have high requirements for fuel, high requirements for fuel injection advance angle, and complex ignition systems. Even so, The occurrence of knocking cannot be completely avoided.
  • the compression chamber and the combustion chamber of the existing engine are in the same space, so the limited high-temperature and high-pressure gas after combustion can only do work on the same piston end face, and cannot maximize the heat energy into power and lose resources.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to allow fuel to be fully burned in a high-temperature and high-pressure independent combustion chamber, reduce waste emissions, eliminate the hazard of knocking, and reduce fuel requirements, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure gas after the same volume of combustion can act on a small area
  • the piston end face can double the power output. Under the same existing conditions, the same fuel can double the output power. On the contrary, under the same existing output power, it can double the fuel saving.
  • the two-stroke engine of the present invention uses special pistons to provide high-pressure gas synchronously, and the fuel is burned in an independent combustion chamber to reduce the reactive power and ineffective load of the engine as much as possible, and greatly improve the working efficiency and power performance of the engine, and improve the fuel efficiency. Intake and power are combined into one power stroke, and compression and exhaust are combined into one exhaust stroke, so that the two strokes complete a working cycle of the engine, thereby achieving the purpose of improving work efficiency, improving power performance, and enhancing explosiveness .
  • the present invention provides a two-stroke engine with an independent combustion chamber, special pistons, and synchronous supercharging.
  • the special pistons provide high-pressure compressed gas synchronously, which combines intake and work into one stroke to compress Combined with exhaust gas into one stroke, two strokes complete a working cycle of the engine.
  • a two-stroke engine with an independent combustion chamber, special pistons and synchronous supercharging including a crank connecting rod mechanism, a lubrication system, a cooling system, a starting system, a fuel supply and control system, and a valve mechanism, is characterized by: crankshaft A connecting rod is connected to the upper end of the connecting rod, and the upper end of the connecting rod is connected with a large piston. The large piston moves up and down on the inner wall of the large cylinder in synchronization with the crankshaft.
  • the large piston draws fresh air into the large cylinder ,
  • the inhaled gas is compressed in the compression chamber,
  • the large piston has a large piston ring, the large piston and the small piston are a whole, the stroke is the same, the internal lubrication is connected,
  • the small piston has a small piston ring, so
  • the large cylinder is connected with a small cylinder, the small piston moves up and down on the inner wall of the small cylinder, the side wall of the small cylinder has an intake passage, and the side wall of the small cylinder has a compressed air passage.
  • the compressed air passage is connected to the upper part of the backing plate.
  • the one-way valve is connected, the upper one-way valve is connected to the independent combustion chamber, the compressed gas channel is connected and disconnected with the independent combustion chamber through the opening and closing of the upper one-way valve, the There is a through hole for the intake valve in the small cylinder, a through hole for the lower one-way valve in the small cylinder, a working chamber in the middle of the small cylinder, and a working chamber sealing strip below the working chamber.
  • the small cylinder is connected to a backing plate, the backing plate is provided with a through hole for the intake valve, the backing plate is provided with a through hole for the middle valve, and the backing plate is provided with a through hole for the upper one-way valve ,
  • the upper one-way valve is installed on the backing plate, the middle valve is installed on the backing plate, the upper part of the backing plate is connected with a cylinder head, the cylinder head has the independent combustion chamber, and
  • An exhaust valve is installed in the independent combustion chamber, the cylinder head has a through hole for the intermediate valve, the cylinder head has a through hole for the intake valve, and the cylinder head has a through hole for the exhaust valve.
  • a high-pressure nozzle is installed on the cylinder head to communicate with the independent combustion chamber, and the high-pressure nozzle is externally connected to the high-pressure common rail.
  • the fuel injection amount is controlled by the ECU to provide the independent combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber is injected with fuel.
  • a camshaft is installed above the cylinder head. The camshaft is equipped with intermediate valve cams, intake valve cams, exhaust valve cams, upper one-way valve cams, and lower one-way valve cams.
  • the intake valve is controlled by the intake valve cam
  • the lower one-way valve is controlled by the lower one-way valve cam
  • the upper one-way valve is controlled by the upper one-way valve cam
  • the middle valve is controlled by the The intermediate valve cam
  • the exhaust valve is controlled by the exhaust valve cam.
  • the working method of the above two-stroke engine with independent combustion chamber, special piston and synchronous supercharging includes the following steps:
  • the temperature in the independent combustion chamber is about 700 degrees
  • the high-pressure nozzle starts to inject fuel
  • the fuel starts to self-ignite
  • the crankshaft rotates to a position near 360 degrees
  • the lower one-way valve is closed
  • the middle valve is opened
  • the independent combustion chamber is connected to the working chamber, and high temperature and high pressure combustion gas Pushing the small piston to move downward, and rotating the crankshaft through the large piston and the connecting rod to perform work, and the work ends when the small piston reaches bottom dead center 2;
  • the above-mentioned two-stroke engine with independent combustion chamber, special piston and synchronous supercharging, said large piston and small piston are a whole, the size of large piston and small piston, and the travel stroke of large piston and small piston are designed according to needs ,
  • the number is 1 independent or multiple.
  • the number of said large cylinders and small cylinders is one independent or multiple arrangements.
  • the above-mentioned two-stroke engine with independent combustion chamber, special piston and synchronous supercharging can be designed in different shapes and placed in appropriate positions.
  • the high-pressure nozzles are placed in cooperation with the independent combustion chamber.
  • the number of high-pressure nozzles and the number of fuel injections are based on Need to decide, the fuel injection quantity and time are controlled by ECU.
  • the number of air passages, camshafts, and cams is one or more, which can be designed into different shapes and placed in appropriate positions.
  • valve and one-way valve can be cam, spring, air pressure, or electromagnet. All electromagnets can be used. Camshafts and cams can also be used together.
  • the above-mentioned two-stroke engine with independent combustion chamber, special piston and synchronous supercharging includes but not limited to diesel, gasoline, ethanol, natural gas. Each fuel can be used alone or in combination. For those with high auto-ignition temperature Fuel, add ignition device.
  • the above-mentioned two-stroke engine with independent combustion chamber, special piston and synchronous supercharging can apply the continuously variable valve timing mechanism on the existing four-stroke engine, and change the intake valve on the camshaft by changing the angle of the camshaft
  • the phase of the cam, intermediate valve cam, and exhaust valve cam controls the opening and closing timings of the intake valve, intermediate valve, and exhaust valve that they drive, thereby changing the compression ratio and expansion ratio of the engine, enabling the engine to achieve Multi-modal continuous conversion from constant expansion mode to multiple super expansion modes.
  • the two-stroke engine has two strokes less, the power performance is better, the efficiency is higher, the explosive power is greatly enhanced, and the structure is simple, small in size and light in weight;
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas burned in the independent combustion chamber acts on the small end face of the piston. It can be calculated according to the pressure formula. Compared with the traditional piston area, the power will increase by much, which is inversely proportional and greatly improved. The power output of the same fuel, under the same existing power output conditions, greatly reduces the weight of the engine and saves fuel consumption.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a two-stroke engine with independent combustion chambers, special pistons and synchronous supercharging;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the special piston structure of a two-stroke engine with independent combustion chambers, special pistons and synchronous supercharging;
  • FIG. 1 the figure only shows the structural diagram of the engine with a single cylinder. In actual use, it can be designed as a multi-cylinder or a single cylinder), a two-stroke engine with independent combustion chambers, special pistons and synchronous boosting.
  • the special pistons provide high pressure Compress the gas, combine intake and work into one stroke, and combine compression and exhaust into one stroke, so that two strokes complete a working cycle of the engine.
  • the two-stroke engine Compared with the four-stroke engine, the two-stroke engine has two strokes less, the power performance is better, the efficiency is higher, the explosive power is greatly enhanced, and the structure is simple, the volume is small, and the weight is light. Compared with the traditional two-stroke engine, no pre-ignition is required , Combustion is carried out in an independent combustion chamber, which eliminates knocking, avoids incomplete combustion and pollution, greatly improves combustion efficiency, and reduces fuel requirements.
  • a two-stroke engine with an independent combustion chamber, a special piston and a synchronous supercharge including a crank connecting rod mechanism, a lubrication system, a cooling system, a starting system, a fuel supply and control system, and a valve mechanism, characterized by: the crankshaft (1)
  • a connecting rod (2) is connected, and the upper end of the connecting rod (2) is connected with a large piston (4).
  • the large piston (4) moves up and down on the inner wall of the large cylinder (3), and is connected to the crankshaft (1). Synchronously, through the opening of the intake valve (19), the large piston (4) sucks fresh air into the large cylinder (3), and the sucked gas is compressed in the compression chamber (5) on the large piston (4).
  • the large piston (3) is connected to a small cylinder (15), the small piston (17) moves up and down on the inner wall of the small cylinder (15), and the side wall of the small cylinder (15) has an intake passage (7), the side wall of the small cylinder (15) is provided with a compressed air passage (8), the compressed air passage (8) is provided with a lower check valve (6), and the compressed air passage (8) passes through the The lower one-way valve (6) is opened and closed to realize the communication and disconnection with the large cylinder (3).
  • the compressed air passage (8) is connected to the upper one-way valve (9) on the backing plate (30). ) Connection, the upper one-way valve (9) is connected to an independent combustion chamber (10), and the compressed gas channel (8) is connected to the independent combustion chamber (10) by opening and closing the upper one-way valve (9).
  • the combustion chamber (10) is connected and disconnected, the small cylinder (15) has a through hole for the intake valve (19), and the small cylinder (15) has the lower one-way valve (6)
  • the small cylinder (15) has a working chamber (16) in the middle of the small cylinder (15).
  • the backing plate (30) has a through hole for the intake valve (19), the backing plate (30) has a through hole for the middle valve (14), and the backing plate (30) is There is a through hole for the upper check valve (9), the upper check valve (9) is installed on the backing plate (30), and the middle valve (14) is installed on the backing plate (30).
  • the backing plate (30) is connected to a cylinder head (11), the cylinder head (11) has an independent combustion chamber (10), and an exhaust valve (24) is installed in the independent combustion chamber (10) ,
  • the cylinder head (11) has a through hole for the intermediate valve (14), the cylinder head (11) has a through hole for the intake valve (19), and the cylinder head (11)
  • the cylinder head (11) has an exhaust channel (21), and the cylinder head (11) is equipped with a high-pressure nozzle (12) and the independent combustion chamber ( 10) Connected, the high-pressure nozzle (12) is connected to an external high-pressure common rail to inject fuel into the independent combustion chamber (10), a camshaft (26) is installed above the cylinder head (11), and the camshaft ( 26)
  • the middle valve cam (13), intake valve cam (22), exhaust valve cam (23), upper check valve cam (27), and lower check valve cam (28) are installed on the The valve (19) is controlled by the intake valve cam (
  • FIG. 1 the figure only shows the structural schematic diagram of the engine when it is single-cylinder. In actual use, it can be designed as single-cylinder or multi-cylinder).
  • a two-stroke engine with independent combustion chamber, special pistons and synchronous supercharging includes the following steps:
  • the temperature in the independent combustion chamber (10) is about 700 degrees
  • the high-pressure nozzle (12) starts to inject fuel
  • the fuel starts to ignite
  • the crankshaft (1) Rotate to a position near 360 degrees, the lower one-way valve (6) is closed, the intermediate valve (14) is opened, the independent combustion chamber (10) is in communication with the working chamber (16), high temperature and high pressure
  • the combustion gas pushes the small piston (17) to move downward, and the crankshaft (1) is rotated through the large piston (4) and the connecting rod (2) to perform work until the small piston (17) reaches Work ends at bottom dead center 2;
  • the whole working process is realized as follows: the crankshaft (1) starts from 0 degrees and rotates clockwise, driving the large piston (4) to move from top dead center 1 to bottom dead center 1, and the middle valve (14) is opened
  • the independent combustion chamber (10) is in communication with the working chamber (16)
  • the intake valve (19) is opened, air is drawn into the compression chamber (5)
  • the crankshaft (1) rotates to 179 degrees Near the position
  • the exhaust valve (24) opens, the crankshaft (1) rotates to a position near 180 degrees
  • the large piston (4) descends to the bottom dead center 1
  • the intake valve (19) closes
  • the crankshaft (1) rotates to a position near 220 degrees
  • the lower one-way valve (6) is opened
  • the crankshaft (1) rotates to a position near 324 degrees
  • the middle valve (14) is closed
  • the upper The one-way valve (9) is opened, the exhaust valve (24) is closed, the crankshaft (1) is rotated to a position near 359 degrees, and the upper one-way valve (9) is
  • the independent combustion chamber (10) The temperature inside is about 700 degrees, the high-pressure nozzle (12) starts to inject fuel, the fuel starts to spontaneously ignite, the crankshaft (1) rotates to a position near 360 degrees, the lower one-way valve (6) is closed, The intermediate valve (14) is opened. After the intermediate valve (14) is opened, the independent combustion chamber (10) is connected to the working chamber (16), and the high temperature and high pressure combustion gas pushes the small piston (17) ) Moving downwards, the crankshaft (1) is rotated through the large piston (4) and the connecting rod (2) to perform work, and the work ends when the small piston (17) reaches the bottom dead center 2;
  • the exhaust valve (24) opens, the intake valve (19) closes, and the exhaust gas is discharged from the small cylinder (15) under its own residual pressure and pushed by the small piston (17).
  • the intermediate valve (14) is closed, and the small piston (17) continues to move upward to compress the exhaust gas to a certain extent to compensate Gap, welcome the beginning of the next work.
  • the two-stroke engine with independent combustion chamber, special piston and synchronous supercharging provided by the present invention is widely applicable to equipment requiring power including but not limited to automobiles, airplanes, agricultural machinery, tanks, ships, generators and the like.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is a two-stroke engine having an independent combustion chamber and a special piston and with synchronous boosting. A high-pressure gas synchronously compressed by a larger end face of a special piston passes through a compressed gas channel (8) and is stored in an independent combustion chamber (10), fuel combusts in the independent combustion chamber (10), and a high-temperature high-pressure gas expanded after combustion does work on a smaller end face of the special piston, thereby solving problems, such as fuel requirements being too high, engine knock and the non-adjustable compression ratio of the existing engine, mixing combustion of engine oil and fuel oil of a two-stroke engine, serious emission pollution, and a low working efficiency defect of a four-stroke engine. Under the same existing conditions, the power of an engine approximately doubles (or about half of fuel is economized), and the engine has a thermal efficiency of about 50%, thereby realizing full combustion and saving on energy.

Description

具有独立燃烧室、特殊活塞和同步增压的二冲程发动机Two-stroke engine with independent combustion chamber, special piston and synchronous supercharging 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及发动机技术领域，具体为一种具有独立燃烧室、特殊活塞和同步增压的二冲程发动机。The invention relates to the technical field of engines, in particular to a two-stroke engine with independent combustion chambers, special pistons and synchronous supercharging.
背景技术Background technique
按照完成一个工作循环所需的冲程数，发动机可分为四冲程发动机和二冲程发动机。在四冲程发动机中，曲轴每旋转两圈(720度)，活塞往复移动两次，发动机完成一个工作循环，即每四个冲程完成一个工作循环。而在二冲程发动机中，曲轴每旋转一圈(360度)，活塞往复移动一次，发动机完成一个工作循环，即每两个冲程完成一个工作循环。According to the number of strokes required to complete a working cycle, engines can be divided into four-stroke engines and two-stroke engines. In a four-stroke engine, the piston reciprocates twice for every two revolutions of the crankshaft (720 degrees), and the engine completes a working cycle, that is, every four strokes complete a working cycle. In a two-stroke engine, every time the crankshaft rotates one revolution (360 degrees), the piston reciprocates once, and the engine completes a working cycle, that is, every two strokes complete a working cycle.
现有四冲程发动机有一个吸气冲程和压缩冲程，它的存在从根本上降低了发动机的工作效率，增加了负荷，爆发性难以得到有效提高。The existing four-stroke engine has an intake stroke and a compression stroke, its existence fundamentally reduces the working efficiency of the engine, increases the load, and it is difficult to effectively improve the explosiveness.
现有二冲程发动机曲轴每旋转一圈，就有一个做功冲程，因此，在转速、进气条件等因素相同的条件下，理论上二冲程发动机所能产生的功率应该等于相同工作容积四冲程发动机产生功率的两倍。但因二冲程发动机废气排出不完全，且扫气口先于排气口关闭而产生额外排气，而且气压难以提高；实际上二冲程发动机的性能并不理想，而且有油未经燃烧就排了出去，造成浪废和污染。The existing two-stroke engine crankshaft rotates once, there is a power stroke, therefore, under the same conditions of speed, intake conditions and other factors, theoretically the power that the two-stroke engine can produce should be equal to the same working volume four-stroke engine Produce twice the power. However, because the exhaust gas of the two-stroke engine is not completely discharged, and the scavenging port is closed before the exhaust port, additional exhaust gas is generated, and the air pressure is difficult to increase; in fact, the performance of the two-stroke engine is not ideal, and the oil is discharged without burning Go out, causing waste and pollution.
现有发动机压缩室与燃烧室在同一空间，为了避免爆震的产生，不同压缩比的发动机对于燃料要求很高，对于喷油提前角度要求很高，还有复杂的点火***，即使这样，还是不能完全避免爆震的产生。The compression chamber of the existing engine and the combustion chamber are in the same space. In order to avoid knocking, engines with different compression ratios have high requirements for fuel, high requirements for fuel injection advance angle, and complex ignition systems. Even so, The occurrence of knocking cannot be completely avoided.
现有发动机的压缩室与燃烧室在同一个空间，因此有限的燃烧后的高温高压气体，只能做功于同一活塞端面，无法将热能最大化转为动力而损失资源。The compression chamber and the combustion chamber of the existing engine are in the same space, so the limited high-temperature and high-pressure gas after combustion can only do work on the same piston end face, and cannot maximize the heat energy into power and lose resources.
克服现有多冲程发动机的缺陷，发挥二冲程发动机的优势即是本发明的切入点。Overcoming the defects of the existing multi-stroke engine and taking advantage of the two-stroke engine is the starting point of the present invention.
技术问题technical problem
本发明的目的是，让燃料在高温高压的独立燃烧室里面充分燃烧，减少废物排放，消除爆震的危害，降低对燃料的要求，使相同容量燃烧后的高温高压气体，作用于小面积的活塞端面，就能增加成倍的动力输出，在现有相同条件下，使同样的燃料能成倍增加输出的动力，反之，在现有输出动力不变的情况下，可以成倍节约燃料的损耗，尽量降低发动机的无功工作和无效负荷，极力提高发动机的工作效率和动力性能，提高燃油效率；本发明二冲程发动机由特殊活塞同步提供高压气体，燃料在独立的燃烧室里面燃烧，将进气和做功合并到一个做功冲程，将压缩和排气合并到一个排气冲程，这样两个冲程就完成了发动机的一个工作循环，从而达到提高工作效率，提升动力性能，增强爆发性的目的。The purpose of the present invention is to allow fuel to be fully burned in a high-temperature and high-pressure independent combustion chamber, reduce waste emissions, eliminate the hazard of knocking, and reduce fuel requirements, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure gas after the same volume of combustion can act on a small area The piston end face can double the power output. Under the same existing conditions, the same fuel can double the output power. On the contrary, under the same existing output power, it can double the fuel saving. The two-stroke engine of the present invention uses special pistons to provide high-pressure gas synchronously, and the fuel is burned in an independent combustion chamber to reduce the reactive power and ineffective load of the engine as much as possible, and greatly improve the working efficiency and power performance of the engine, and improve the fuel efficiency. Intake and power are combined into one power stroke, and compression and exhaust are combined into one exhaust stroke, so that the two strokes complete a working cycle of the engine, thereby achieving the purpose of improving work efficiency, improving power performance, and enhancing explosiveness .
技术解决方案Technical solutions
为了解决现有技术存在的上述问题，本发明提供了具有独立燃烧室、特殊活塞和同步增压的二冲程发动机，特殊活塞同步提供高压压缩气体，将进气和做功合并到一个冲程，将压缩和排气合并到一个冲程，这样两个冲程就完成了发动机的一个工作循环。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a two-stroke engine with an independent combustion chamber, special pistons, and synchronous supercharging. The special pistons provide high-pressure compressed gas synchronously, which combines intake and work into one stroke to compress Combined with exhaust gas into one stroke, two strokes complete a working cycle of the engine.
进一步地，由具有独立燃烧室、特殊活塞和同步增压的二冲程发动机，包括曲柄连杆机构、润滑***、冷却***、启动***、燃料供给和控制***、配气机构，其特征是：曲轴上连接有连杆，所述连杆上端与大活塞连接，所述大活塞在大气缸内壁做上下相对运动，与所述曲轴同步，通过进气门的开启，大活塞把新鲜空气吸入大气缸，吸入的气体在压缩室内被压缩，所述大活塞上有大活塞环，所述大活塞与小活塞是一个整体，行程一致，内部有润滑相通，所述小活塞上有小活塞环，所述大气缸上面连接的是小气缸，所述小活塞在所述小气缸内壁做上下相对运动，所述小气缸侧壁有进气通道，所述小气缸侧壁有压缩气通道，所述压缩气通道里有下单向阀，所述压缩气通道通过所述下单向阀的开、闭，来实现与所述大气缸的连通与断开，所述压缩气通道与垫板上的上单向阀连接，所述上单向阀与独立燃烧室连接，所述压缩气通道通过所述上单向阀的开、闭，来实现与所述独立燃烧室的连通与断开，所述小气缸里有所述进气门的过孔，所述小气缸里有下单向阀的过孔，所述小气缸的中间是工作室，所述工作室的下方有工作室密封条，所述小气缸上面连接垫板，所述垫板上有所述进气门的过孔，所述垫板上有中间气门的过孔，所述垫板上有所述上单向阀的过孔，所述垫板上安装有所述上单向阀，所述垫板上安装有所述中间气门，所述垫板上方连接缸盖，所述缸盖中有所述独立燃烧室，所述独立燃烧室内安装有排气门，所述缸盖里面有所述中间气门的过孔，所述缸盖里面有所述进气门的过孔，所述缸盖里面有所述排气门的过孔，所述缸盖里面有排气通道，所述缸盖上面安装有高压喷嘴与所述独立燃烧室连通，所述高压喷嘴外接高压共轨，喷油量由ECU控制，给所述独立燃烧室喷燃料，所述缸盖上方安装有凸轮轴，所述凸轮轴上安装有中间气门凸轮、进气门凸轮、排气门凸轮，上单向阀凸轮，下单向阀凸轮，所述进气门通过所述进气门凸轮控制，所述下单向阀通过所述下单向阀凸轮控制，所述上单向阀通过所述上单向阀凸轮控制，所述中间气门通过所述中间气门凸轮控制、所述排气门通过所述排气门凸轮控制。Furthermore, a two-stroke engine with an independent combustion chamber, special pistons and synchronous supercharging, including a crank connecting rod mechanism, a lubrication system, a cooling system, a starting system, a fuel supply and control system, and a valve mechanism, is characterized by: crankshaft A connecting rod is connected to the upper end of the connecting rod, and the upper end of the connecting rod is connected with a large piston. The large piston moves up and down on the inner wall of the large cylinder in synchronization with the crankshaft. Through the opening of the intake valve, the large piston draws fresh air into the large cylinder , The inhaled gas is compressed in the compression chamber, the large piston has a large piston ring, the large piston and the small piston are a whole, the stroke is the same, the internal lubrication is connected, the small piston has a small piston ring, so The large cylinder is connected with a small cylinder, the small piston moves up and down on the inner wall of the small cylinder, the side wall of the small cylinder has an intake passage, and the side wall of the small cylinder has a compressed air passage. There is a lower check valve in the air passage, and the compressed air passage is connected and disconnected with the large cylinder through the opening and closing of the lower check valve. The compressed air passage is connected to the upper part of the backing plate. The one-way valve is connected, the upper one-way valve is connected to the independent combustion chamber, the compressed gas channel is connected and disconnected with the independent combustion chamber through the opening and closing of the upper one-way valve, the There is a through hole for the intake valve in the small cylinder, a through hole for the lower one-way valve in the small cylinder, a working chamber in the middle of the small cylinder, and a working chamber sealing strip below the working chamber. The small cylinder is connected to a backing plate, the backing plate is provided with a through hole for the intake valve, the backing plate is provided with a through hole for the middle valve, and the backing plate is provided with a through hole for the upper one-way valve , The upper one-way valve is installed on the backing plate, the middle valve is installed on the backing plate, the upper part of the backing plate is connected with a cylinder head, the cylinder head has the independent combustion chamber, and An exhaust valve is installed in the independent combustion chamber, the cylinder head has a through hole for the intermediate valve, the cylinder head has a through hole for the intake valve, and the cylinder head has a through hole for the exhaust valve. Through holes, there is an exhaust passage in the cylinder head, a high-pressure nozzle is installed on the cylinder head to communicate with the independent combustion chamber, and the high-pressure nozzle is externally connected to the high-pressure common rail. The fuel injection amount is controlled by the ECU to provide the independent combustion chamber. The combustion chamber is injected with fuel. A camshaft is installed above the cylinder head. The camshaft is equipped with intermediate valve cams, intake valve cams, exhaust valve cams, upper one-way valve cams, and lower one-way valve cams. The intake valve is controlled by the intake valve cam, the lower one-way valve is controlled by the lower one-way valve cam, the upper one-way valve is controlled by the upper one-way valve cam, and the middle valve is controlled by the The intermediate valve cam is controlled, and the exhaust valve is controlled by the exhaust valve cam.
上述具有独立燃烧室、特殊活塞和同步增压的二冲程发动机的工作方法，包括以下步骤：The working method of the above two-stroke engine with independent combustion chamber, special piston and synchronous supercharging includes the following steps:
S1，以所述大活塞在上止点1为起点，所述曲轴这时为0度，所述中间气门已开启，来阐述工作过程，所述曲轴从0度开始，顺时针旋转，带动所述大活塞从上止点1向下止点1运动，所述独立燃烧室与所述工作室连通，所述进气门开启，空气被吸入所述压缩室；S1, taking the large piston at top dead center 1 as the starting point, the crankshaft is now at 0 degrees, and the intermediate valve has been opened to illustrate the working process. The crankshaft starts at 0 degrees and rotates clockwise to drive all The large piston moves from top dead center 1 to bottom dead center 1, the independent combustion chamber communicates with the working chamber, the intake valve opens, and air is sucked into the compression chamber;
S2，空气被吸入所述压缩室，所述曲轴旋转到179度位置附近，所述排气门打开，所述曲轴旋转到180度位置附近，所述大活塞下行至下止点1位置，所述进气门关闭，所述曲轴旋转到220度位置附近，所述下单向阀打开，所述曲轴旋转到324度位置附近，所述中间气门关闭，所述上单向阀打开，所述排气门关闭，所述曲轴旋转到359度位置附近，所述上单向阀关闭，此时、所述独立燃烧室里面的温度在700度左右，所述高压喷嘴开始喷燃料，燃料开始自燃，所述曲轴旋转到360度位置附近，所述下单向阀关闭，所述中间气门打开，所述中间气门打开后，将所述独立燃烧室与所述工作室连通，高温高压的燃烧气体推动所述小活塞向下运动，通过所述大活塞、所述连杆使所述曲轴旋转做功，至所述小活塞到达下止点2时做功结束；S2, air is sucked into the compression chamber, the crankshaft rotates to a position near 179 degrees, the exhaust valve opens, the crankshaft rotates to a position near 180 degrees, the large piston descends to the bottom dead center position 1, so The intake valve is closed, the crankshaft rotates to near 220 degrees, the lower one-way valve opens, the crankshaft rotates to near 324 degrees, the middle valve closes, the upper one-way valve opens, and the The exhaust valve is closed, the crankshaft rotates to a position near 359 degrees, and the upper one-way valve is closed. At this time, the temperature in the independent combustion chamber is about 700 degrees, the high-pressure nozzle starts to inject fuel, and the fuel starts to self-ignite , The crankshaft rotates to a position near 360 degrees, the lower one-way valve is closed, the middle valve is opened, and after the middle valve is opened, the independent combustion chamber is connected to the working chamber, and high temperature and high pressure combustion gas Pushing the small piston to move downward, and rotating the crankshaft through the large piston and the connecting rod to perform work, and the work ends when the small piston reaches bottom dead center 2;
S3，在压缩行程开始后，废气在自身剩余压力和在所述活塞推动下，被排出所述小气缸里面的工作室，所述曲轴旋转到324度位置附近时，所述中间气门关闭，所述小活塞继续上行，将废气压缩到一定程度，用于弥补空隙，减小气压差，迎接下一次的做功开始。S3. After the compression stroke starts, the exhaust gas is discharged from the working chamber in the small cylinder under its own residual pressure and pushed by the piston. When the crankshaft rotates to a position near 324 degrees, the intermediate valve is closed, so The small piston continues to move upward, compressing the exhaust gas to a certain extent, and is used to make up the gap, reduce the air pressure difference, and welcome the start of the next work.
上述具有独立燃烧室、特殊活塞和同步增压的二冲程发动机，所述的大活塞、小活塞是一个整体，大活塞、小活塞的尺寸，大活塞、小活塞的行走行程，根据需要而设计，数目为1个独立或多个。The above-mentioned two-stroke engine with independent combustion chamber, special piston and synchronous supercharging, said large piston and small piston are a whole, the size of large piston and small piston, and the travel stroke of large piston and small piston are designed according to needs , The number is 1 independent or multiple.
上述具有独立燃烧室、特殊活塞和同步增压的二冲程发动机，所述的大气缸、小气缸的数目为1个独立或多个排列。In the above-mentioned two-stroke engine with independent combustion chambers, special pistons and synchronous supercharging, the number of said large cylinders and small cylinders is one independent or multiple arrangements.
上述具有独立燃烧室、特殊活塞和同步增压的二冲程发动机，所述的独立燃烧室可以设计成不同形状放在适当位置，高压喷嘴与独立燃烧室配合安放，高压喷嘴数量和喷油次数根据需要决定，喷油量和时间都通过ECU控制。The above-mentioned two-stroke engine with independent combustion chamber, special piston and synchronous supercharging. The independent combustion chamber can be designed in different shapes and placed in appropriate positions. The high-pressure nozzles are placed in cooperation with the independent combustion chamber. The number of high-pressure nozzles and the number of fuel injections are based on Need to decide, the fuel injection quantity and time are controlled by ECU.
上述具有独立燃烧室、特殊活塞和同步增压的二冲程发动机，所述的进气通道、进气门、压缩气通道、上单向阀、下单向阀、中间气门、排气门、排气通道、凸轮轴、凸轮的数目为1个或多个，可以设计成不同形状放在适当位置。The above-mentioned two-stroke engine with independent combustion chamber, special piston and synchronous supercharging, said intake passage, intake valve, compressed gas passage, upper check valve, lower check valve, middle valve, exhaust valve, exhaust The number of air passages, camshafts, and cams is one or more, which can be designed into different shapes and placed in appropriate positions.
上述具有独立燃烧室、特殊活塞和同步增压的二冲程发动机，所述的气门和单向阀的控制方法可以是凸轮、弹簧、气压、也可以是电磁铁，全部采用电磁铁，就可以取消凸轮轴和凸轮，也可配合使用。For the above two-stroke engine with independent combustion chamber, special piston and synchronous supercharging, the control method of the valve and one-way valve can be cam, spring, air pressure, or electromagnet. All electromagnets can be used. Camshafts and cams can also be used together.
上述具有独立燃烧室、特殊活塞和同步增压的二冲程发动机，所述的燃料包含但不限于柴油、汽油、乙醇、天然气，每种燃料单独使用，也可以配合使用，对于自燃温度太高的燃料，增设点火装置。The above-mentioned two-stroke engine with independent combustion chamber, special piston and synchronous supercharging. The fuel includes but not limited to diesel, gasoline, ethanol, natural gas. Each fuel can be used alone or in combination. For those with high auto-ignition temperature Fuel, add ignition device.
上述具有独立燃烧室、特殊活塞和同步增压的二冲程发动机，其可以应用现有四冲程发动机上的连续可变气门正时机构，通过改变凸轮轴的角度从而改变凸轮轴上的进气门凸轮、中间气门凸轮、排气门凸轮的相位来控制其驱动的进气门、中间气门、排气门的开启、闭合的正时，进而可以改变发动机的压缩比和膨胀比，能够使发动机实现从等膨胀模式到多种超膨胀模式之间的多模态连续转换。The above-mentioned two-stroke engine with independent combustion chamber, special piston and synchronous supercharging can apply the continuously variable valve timing mechanism on the existing four-stroke engine, and change the intake valve on the camshaft by changing the angle of the camshaft The phase of the cam, intermediate valve cam, and exhaust valve cam controls the opening and closing timings of the intake valve, intermediate valve, and exhaust valve that they drive, thereby changing the compression ratio and expansion ratio of the engine, enabling the engine to achieve Multi-modal continuous conversion from constant expansion mode to multiple super expansion modes.
有益效果Beneficial effect
1，二冲程发动机较四冲程发动机少了两个冲程，动力性能更好，效率更高，爆发力得到大幅度增强，且结构简单，体积小，重量轻；1. Compared with the four-stroke engine, the two-stroke engine has two strokes less, the power performance is better, the efficiency is higher, the explosive power is greatly enhanced, and the structure is simple, small in size and light in weight;
2，与传统发动机相比，不需要提前点火，燃烧在独立燃烧室里进行，消除了爆震现象，避免了不完全燃烧和污染，燃烧效率大幅度提高，降低了对燃料的要求；2. Compared with traditional engines, there is no need for pre-ignition, combustion is carried out in an independent combustion chamber, which eliminates knocking, avoids incomplete combustion and pollution, greatly improves combustion efficiency, and reduces fuel requirements;
3，在独立燃烧室燃烧后的高温高压气体，作用于活塞的小端面上，根据压强公式计算可得，相比于传统的活塞面积小多少，动力就增加多少，成反比例，极大的提高了相同燃料的动力输出，在现有相同的动力输出条件下，极大的减轻了发动机的重量，节约了燃料消耗。3. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas burned in the independent combustion chamber acts on the small end face of the piston. It can be calculated according to the pressure formula. Compared with the traditional piston area, the power will increase by much, which is inversely proportional and greatly improved. The power output of the same fuel, under the same existing power output conditions, greatly reduces the weight of the engine and saves fuel consumption.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1是具有独立燃烧室、特殊活塞和同步增压的二冲程发动机的结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a two-stroke engine with independent combustion chambers, special pistons and synchronous supercharging;
图2是具有独立燃烧室、特殊活塞和同步增压的二冲程发动机的特殊活塞结构示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the special piston structure of a two-stroke engine with independent combustion chambers, special pistons and synchronous supercharging;
图中标记：1、曲轴；2、连杆；3、大气缸；4、大活塞；5、压缩室；6、下单向阀；7、进气通道；8、压缩气通道；9、上单向阀；10、独立燃烧室；11、缸盖；12、高压喷嘴；13、中间气门凸轮；14、中间气门；15、小气缸；16、工作室；17、小活塞；18、小活塞环；19、进气门；20、大活塞环；22、进气门凸轮；23、排气门凸轮；24、排气门；26、凸轮轴；27、上单向阀凸轮；28、下单向阀凸轮；29、工作室密封条；30、垫板。Marks in the picture: 1. Crankshaft; 2. Connecting rod; 3. Large cylinder; 4. Large piston; 5. Compression chamber; 6. Lower one-way valve; 7. Inlet passage; 8. Compressed air passage; 9. Upper One-way valve; 10, independent combustion chamber; 11, cylinder head; 12, high pressure nozzle; 13, middle valve cam; 14, middle valve; 15, small cylinder; 16, working room; 17, small piston; 18, small piston Ring; 19, intake valve; 20, large piston ring; 22, intake valve cam; 23, exhaust valve cam; 24, exhaust valve; 26, camshaft; 27, upper check valve cam; 28, lower One-way valve cam; 29, studio sealing strip; 30, backing plate.
本发明的最佳实施方式The best mode of the invention
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行详细的描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所得到的所有其它实施方式，都属于本发明所保护的范围。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementations obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
参见图1（附图只表示出发动机单缸时的结构示意图，实际使用中可以设计成多缸或单缸），具有独立燃烧室、特殊活塞和同步增压的二冲程发动机，特殊活塞提供高压压缩气体，将进气和做功合并到一个冲程，将压缩和排气合并到一个冲程，这样两个冲程就完成了发动机的一个工作循环。Refer to Figure 1 (the figure only shows the structural diagram of the engine with a single cylinder. In actual use, it can be designed as a multi-cylinder or a single cylinder), a two-stroke engine with independent combustion chambers, special pistons and synchronous boosting. The special pistons provide high pressure Compress the gas, combine intake and work into one stroke, and combine compression and exhaust into one stroke, so that two strokes complete a working cycle of the engine.
二冲程发动机较四冲程发动机少了两个冲程，动力性能更好，效率更高，爆发力得到大幅度增强，且结构简单，体积小、重量轻，与传统二冲程发动机相比，不需要提前点火，燃烧在独立燃烧室里进行，消除了爆震现象，避免了不完全燃烧和污染，燃烧效率大幅度提高，降低了对燃料的要求，在独立燃烧室燃烧后的高温高压气体，作用于活塞的小端面上，根据压强公式计算可得，相比于传统的活塞面积小多少，动力就增加多少，成反比例，极大的提高了相同燃料的动力输出，在现有相同的动力输出条件下，极大的减轻了发动机的重量，节约了燃料消耗。具有独立燃烧室、特殊活塞和同步增压的二冲程发动机，包括曲柄连杆机构、润滑***、冷却***、起动***、燃料供给和控制***、配气机构，其特征在于：曲轴（1）上连接有连杆（2），所述连杆（2）上端与大活塞（4）连接，所述大活塞（4）在大气缸（3）内壁做上下相对运动，与所述曲轴（1）同步，通过进气门（19）的开启，所述大活塞（4）把新鲜空气吸入大气缸（3），吸入的气体在压缩室（5）内被压缩，所述大活塞（4）上有大活塞环（20），所述大活塞（4）与小活塞（17）是一个整体，行程一致，内部有润滑相通，所述小活塞（17）上有小活塞环（18），所述大气缸（3）上面连接的是小气缸（15），所述小活塞（17）在所述小气缸（15）内壁做上下相对运动，所述小气缸（15）侧壁有进气通道（7），所述小气缸（15）侧壁有压缩气通道（8），所述压缩气通道（8）里有下单向阀（6），所述压缩气通道（8）通过所述下单向阀（6）的开、闭，来实现与所述大气缸（3）的连通与断开，所述压缩气通道（8）与垫板（30）上的上单向阀（9）连接，所述上单向阀（9）与独立燃烧室（10）连接，所述压缩气通道（8）通过所述上单向阀（9）的开、闭，来实现与所述独立燃烧室（10）的连通与断开， 所述小气缸（15）里有所述进气门（19）的过孔，所述小气缸（15）里有所述下单向阀（6）的过孔，所述小气缸（15）的中间是工作室（16），所述工作室（16）的下方有工作室密封条（29），所述小气缸（15）上面连接垫板（30），所述垫板（30）上有所述进气门（19）的过孔，所述垫板（30）上有中间气门（14）的过孔，所述垫板（30）上有所述上单向阀（9）的过孔，所述垫板（30）上安装有所述上单向阀（9），所述垫板（30）上安装有所述中间气门（14），所述垫板（30）上面连接缸盖（11），所述缸盖（11）中有独立燃烧室（10），所述独立燃烧室（10）内安装有排气门（24），所述缸盖（11）里面有所述中间气门（14）的过孔，所述缸盖（11）里面有所述进气门（19）的过孔，所述缸盖（11）里面有所述排气门（24）的过孔，所述缸盖（11）里面有排通道（21），所述缸盖（11）上面安装有高压喷嘴（12）与所述独立燃烧室（10）连通，所述高压喷嘴（12）外接高压共轨，给所述独立燃烧室（10）喷燃料，所述缸盖（11）上方安装有凸轮轴（26）， 所述凸轮轴（26）上安装有中间气门凸轮（13）、进气门凸轮（22）、排气门凸轮（23）、上单向阀凸轮（27）、下单向阀凸轮（28），所述进气门（19）通过所述进气门凸轮（22）控制，所述下单向阀（6）通过所述下单向阀凸轮（28）控制，所述上单向阀（9）通过所述上单向阀凸轮（27）控制，所述中间气门（14）通过所述中间气门凸轮（13）控制、所述排气门（24）通过所述排气门凸轮（23）控制。Compared with the four-stroke engine, the two-stroke engine has two strokes less, the power performance is better, the efficiency is higher, the explosive power is greatly enhanced, and the structure is simple, the volume is small, and the weight is light. Compared with the traditional two-stroke engine, no pre-ignition is required , Combustion is carried out in an independent combustion chamber, which eliminates knocking, avoids incomplete combustion and pollution, greatly improves combustion efficiency, and reduces fuel requirements. The high temperature and high pressure gas after combustion in the independent combustion chamber acts on the piston According to the calculation of the pressure formula on the small end face of the piston, the power will increase as much as the traditional piston area is smaller, which is inversely proportional, greatly improving the power output of the same fuel, under the same current power output conditions , Which greatly reduces the weight of the engine and saves fuel consumption. A two-stroke engine with an independent combustion chamber, a special piston and a synchronous supercharge, including a crank connecting rod mechanism, a lubrication system, a cooling system, a starting system, a fuel supply and control system, and a valve mechanism, characterized by: the crankshaft (1) A connecting rod (2) is connected, and the upper end of the connecting rod (2) is connected with a large piston (4). The large piston (4) moves up and down on the inner wall of the large cylinder (3), and is connected to the crankshaft (1). Synchronously, through the opening of the intake valve (19), the large piston (4) sucks fresh air into the large cylinder (3), and the sucked gas is compressed in the compression chamber (5) on the large piston (4). There is a large piston ring (20), the large piston (4) and the small piston (17) are a whole, the stroke is the same, and the inside is lubricated, and the small piston (17) has a small piston ring (18), so The large cylinder (3) is connected to a small cylinder (15), the small piston (17) moves up and down on the inner wall of the small cylinder (15), and the side wall of the small cylinder (15) has an intake passage (7), the side wall of the small cylinder (15) is provided with a compressed air passage (8), the compressed air passage (8) is provided with a lower check valve (6), and the compressed air passage (8) passes through the The lower one-way valve (6) is opened and closed to realize the communication and disconnection with the large cylinder (3). The compressed air passage (8) is connected to the upper one-way valve (9) on the backing plate (30). ) Connection, the upper one-way valve (9) is connected to an independent combustion chamber (10), and the compressed gas channel (8) is connected to the independent combustion chamber (10) by opening and closing the upper one-way valve (9). The combustion chamber (10) is connected and disconnected, the small cylinder (15) has a through hole for the intake valve (19), and the small cylinder (15) has the lower one-way valve (6) The small cylinder (15) has a working chamber (16) in the middle of the small cylinder (15). There is a working chamber sealing strip (29) below the working chamber (16), and a backing plate ( 30) The backing plate (30) has a through hole for the intake valve (19), the backing plate (30) has a through hole for the middle valve (14), and the backing plate (30) is There is a through hole for the upper check valve (9), the upper check valve (9) is installed on the backing plate (30), and the middle valve (14) is installed on the backing plate (30). ), the backing plate (30) is connected to a cylinder head (11), the cylinder head (11) has an independent combustion chamber (10), and an exhaust valve (24) is installed in the independent combustion chamber (10) , The cylinder head (11) has a through hole for the intermediate valve (14), the cylinder head (11) has a through hole for the intake valve (19), and the cylinder head (11) There is a through hole for the exhaust valve (24), the cylinder head (11) has an exhaust channel (21), and the cylinder head (11) is equipped with a high-pressure nozzle (12) and the independent combustion chamber ( 10) Connected, the high-pressure nozzle (12) is connected to an external high-pressure common rail to inject fuel into the independent combustion chamber (10), a camshaft (26) is installed above the cylinder head (11), and the camshaft ( 26) The middle valve cam (13), intake valve cam (22), exhaust valve cam (23), upper check valve cam (27), and lower check valve cam (28) are installed on the The valve (19) is controlled by the intake valve cam (22), the lower one-way valve (6) is controlled by the lower one-way valve cam (28), and the upper one-way valve (9) is controlled by the The upper one-way valve cam (27) is controlled, the middle valve (14) is controlled by the middle valve cam (13), and the exhaust valve (24) is controlled by the exhaust valve cam (23).
参见图1（附图只表示出发动机单缸时的结构示意图，实际使用中可以设计成单缸或多缸），具有独立燃烧室、特殊活塞和同步增压的二冲程发动机，包括以下步骤：Refer to Figure 1 (the figure only shows the structural schematic diagram of the engine when it is single-cylinder. In actual use, it can be designed as single-cylinder or multi-cylinder). A two-stroke engine with independent combustion chamber, special pistons and synchronous supercharging includes the following steps:
S1，以所述大活塞（4）在上止点1为起点，所述曲轴（1）这时为0度，来阐述工作步骤，所述曲轴（1）从0度开始，顺时针旋转，带动所述大活塞(4)从上止点1向下止点1运动，所述中间气门（14）已开启，所述独立燃烧室（10）与所述工作室（16）连通，所述进气门(19)开启，空气被吸入所述压缩室（5）；S1, taking the large piston (4) at the top dead center 1 as the starting point, the crankshaft (1) is 0 degrees at this time, to illustrate the working steps, the crankshaft (1) starts from 0 degrees and rotates clockwise, The large piston (4) is driven to move from the top dead center 1 to the bottom dead center 1, the intermediate valve (14) has been opened, the independent combustion chamber (10) is in communication with the working chamber (16), the The intake valve (19) is opened and air is drawn into the compression chamber (5);
S2，空气被吸入所述压缩室（5），所述曲轴（1）旋转到179度位置，所述排气门（24）打开，所述曲轴（1）旋转到180度位置，所述大活塞(4)下行至下止点1位置，所述进气门(19)关闭，所述曲轴（1）旋转到220度位置附近，所述下单向阀（6）打开，所述曲轴（1）旋转到324度位置附近，所述中间气门（14）关闭，所述上单向阀（9）打开，所述排气门（24）关闭，所述曲轴（1）旋转到359度位置附近，所述上单向阀（9）关闭，此时、所述独立燃烧室（10）里面的温度在700度左右，所述高压喷嘴（12）开始喷燃料，燃料开始自燃，所述曲轴（1）旋转到360度位置附近，所述下单向阀（6）关闭，所述中间气门（14）打开，所述独立燃烧室（10）与所述工作室（16）连通，高温高压的燃烧气体推动所述小活塞（17）向下运动，通过所述大活塞（4）、所述连杆（2）使所述曲轴(1)旋转做功，至所述小活塞（17）到达下止点2时做功结束；S2, air is drawn into the compression chamber (5), the crankshaft (1) is rotated to a position of 179 degrees, the exhaust valve (24) is opened, the crankshaft (1) is rotated to a position of 180 degrees, and the large The piston (4) descends to the bottom dead center 1, the intake valve (19) is closed, the crankshaft (1) rotates to around 220 degrees, the lower one-way valve (6) opens, and the crankshaft ( 1) Rotate to around 324 degrees, the middle valve (14) is closed, the upper check valve (9) is opened, the exhaust valve (24) is closed, and the crankshaft (1) is rotated to the 359 degree position Nearby, the upper one-way valve (9) is closed. At this time, the temperature in the independent combustion chamber (10) is about 700 degrees, the high-pressure nozzle (12) starts to inject fuel, the fuel starts to ignite, and the crankshaft (1) Rotate to a position near 360 degrees, the lower one-way valve (6) is closed, the intermediate valve (14) is opened, the independent combustion chamber (10) is in communication with the working chamber (16), high temperature and high pressure The combustion gas pushes the small piston (17) to move downward, and the crankshaft (1) is rotated through the large piston (4) and the connecting rod (2) to perform work until the small piston (17) reaches Work ends at bottom dead center 2;
S3，在压缩行程开始后，废气在自身剩余压力和在所述活塞(17)推动下，被排出所述小气缸（15）里面的工作室(16)，所述曲轴（1）旋转到324度附近时，所述中间气门（14）关闭，所述小活塞（17）继续上行，将废气压缩到一定程度，用于弥补空隙。S3: After the compression stroke begins, the exhaust gas is discharged from the working chamber (16) in the small cylinder (15) under its own residual pressure and pushed by the piston (17), and the crankshaft (1) rotates to 324 When the temperature is near, the intermediate valve (14) is closed, and the small piston (17) continues to move upward, compressing the exhaust gas to a certain degree, and is used to make up the gap.
整个工作过程是这样实现的：曲轴（1）从0度开始，顺时针旋转，带动所述大活塞(4)从上止点1向下止点1运动，所述中间气门（14）已开启，所述独立燃烧室（10）与所述工作室（16）连通，所述进气门(19)开启，空气被吸入所述压缩室（5），所述曲轴（1）旋转到179度位置附近，所述排气门（24）打开，所述曲轴（1）旋转到180度位置附近，所述大活塞(4)下行至下止点1位置，所述进气门(19)关闭，所述曲轴（1）旋转到220度位置附近，所述下单向阀（6）打开，所述曲轴（1）旋转到324度位置附近，所述中间气门（14）关闭，所述上单向阀（9）打开，所述排气门（24）关闭，所述曲轴（1）旋转到359度位置附近，所述上单向阀（9）关闭，此时、所述独立燃烧室（10）里面的温度在700度左右，所述高压喷嘴（12）开始喷燃料，燃料开始自燃，所述曲轴（1）旋转到360度位置附近，所述下单向阀（6）关闭，所述中间气门（14）打开，所述中间气门（14）打开后，将所述独立燃烧室（10）与所述工作室（16）连通，高温高压的燃烧气体推动所述小活塞（17）向下运动，通过所述大活塞（4）、所述连杆（2）使所述曲轴(1)旋转做功，至所述小活塞（17）到达下止点2时做功结束；The whole working process is realized as follows: the crankshaft (1) starts from 0 degrees and rotates clockwise, driving the large piston (4) to move from top dead center 1 to bottom dead center 1, and the middle valve (14) is opened The independent combustion chamber (10) is in communication with the working chamber (16), the intake valve (19) is opened, air is drawn into the compression chamber (5), and the crankshaft (1) rotates to 179 degrees Near the position, the exhaust valve (24) opens, the crankshaft (1) rotates to a position near 180 degrees, the large piston (4) descends to the bottom dead center 1, and the intake valve (19) closes , The crankshaft (1) rotates to a position near 220 degrees, the lower one-way valve (6) is opened, the crankshaft (1) rotates to a position near 324 degrees, the middle valve (14) is closed, and the upper The one-way valve (9) is opened, the exhaust valve (24) is closed, the crankshaft (1) is rotated to a position near 359 degrees, and the upper one-way valve (9) is closed. At this time, the independent combustion chamber (10) The temperature inside is about 700 degrees, the high-pressure nozzle (12) starts to inject fuel, the fuel starts to spontaneously ignite, the crankshaft (1) rotates to a position near 360 degrees, the lower one-way valve (6) is closed, The intermediate valve (14) is opened. After the intermediate valve (14) is opened, the independent combustion chamber (10) is connected to the working chamber (16), and the high temperature and high pressure combustion gas pushes the small piston (17) ) Moving downwards, the crankshaft (1) is rotated through the large piston (4) and the connecting rod (2) to perform work, and the work ends when the small piston (17) reaches the bottom dead center 2;
在第一冲程接近终了时，排气门（24）打开，进气门（19）关闭，废气在自身剩余压力和在所述小活塞(17)推动下，被排出所述小气缸（15）里面的工作室(16)，所述曲轴（1）旋转到324度附近时，所述中间气门(14)关闭，所述小活塞（17）继续上行，将废气压缩到一定程度，用于弥补空隙，迎接下一次的做功开始。At the end of the first stroke, the exhaust valve (24) opens, the intake valve (19) closes, and the exhaust gas is discharged from the small cylinder (15) under its own residual pressure and pushed by the small piston (17). Inside the working chamber (16), when the crankshaft (1) rotates to around 324 degrees, the intermediate valve (14) is closed, and the small piston (17) continues to move upward to compress the exhaust gas to a certain extent to compensate Gap, welcome the beginning of the next work.
工业实用性Industrial applicability
本发明提供的具有独立燃烧室、特殊活塞和同步增压的二冲程发动机，广泛适用于包含但不限于汽车、飞机、农机、坦克、轮船、发电机等需要动力的设备。The two-stroke engine with independent combustion chamber, special piston and synchronous supercharging provided by the present invention is widely applicable to equipment requiring power including but not limited to automobiles, airplanes, agricultural machinery, tanks, ships, generators and the like.
最后所应说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已，并不用于限定本发明的保护范围，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above descriptions are only for the present invention. The specific embodiments are only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (5)

  1. 具有独立燃烧室、特殊活塞和同步增压的二冲程发动机，特殊活塞同步提供高压气体，燃料在独立的燃烧室里面燃烧，将进气和做功合并到一个做功冲程，将压缩和排气合并到一个排气冲程，这样两个冲程就完成了发动机的一个工作循环；其特征在于：所述具有独立燃烧室、特殊活塞和同步增压的二冲程发动机还包括曲柄连杆机构、润滑***、冷却***、起动***、燃料供给和控制***、配气机构；曲轴(1)上连接有连杆（2），所述连杆（2）上端与大活塞（4）连接，所述大活塞（4）在大气缸（3）内壁做上下相对运动，与所述曲轴（1）同步，通过进气门（19）的开启，所述大活塞（4）把新鲜空气吸入大气缸（3），吸入的气体在压缩室（5）内被压缩，所述大活塞（4）上有大活塞环（20），所述大活塞（4）与小活塞（17）是一个整体，行程一致，内部有润滑相通，所述小活塞（17）上有小活塞环（18），所述大气缸（3）上面连接的是小气缸（15），所述小活塞（17）在所述小气缸（15）内壁做上下相对运动，所述小气缸（15）侧壁有进气通道（7），所述小气缸（15）侧壁有压缩气通道（8），所述压缩气通道（8）里有下单向阀（6），所述压缩气通道（8）通过所述下单向阀（6）的开、闭，来实现与所述大气缸（3）的连通与断开，所述压缩气通道（8）与垫板（30）上的上单向阀（9）连接，所述上单向阀（9）与独立燃烧室(10)连接，所述压缩气通道（8）通过所述上单向阀（9）的开、闭，来实现与所述独立燃烧室（10）的连通与断开，所述小气缸（15）里有进气门（19）的过孔，所述小气缸（15）里有所述下单向阀（6）的过孔，所述小气缸（15）的中间是工作室（16），所述工作室（16）的下方有工作室密封条（29），所述小气缸（15）上面连接垫板（30），所述垫板（30）上有所述进气门（19）的过孔，所述垫板（30）上有中间气门（14）的过孔，所述垫板（30）上有所述上单向阀（9）的过孔，所述垫板（30）上安装有所述上单向阀（9），所述垫板（30）上安装有所述中间气门（14），所述垫板（30）上面连接缸盖（11），所述缸盖（11）中有所述独立燃烧室（10），所述独立燃烧室（10）内安装有排气门（24），所述缸盖（11）里面有所述中间气门（14）的过孔，所述缸盖（11）里面有所述进气门（19）的过孔，所述缸盖（11）里面有所述排气门（24）的过孔，所述缸盖（11）里面有排气通道（21），所述缸盖（11）上面安装有高压喷嘴（12）与所述独立燃烧室（10）连通，所述高压喷嘴（12）外接高压共轨，给所述独立燃烧室（10）喷燃料，所述缸盖（11）上方安装有凸轮轴（26）， 所述凸轮轴（26）上安装有中间气门凸轮（13）、进气门凸轮（22）、排气门凸轮（23）、上单向阀凸轮（27）、下单向阀凸轮（28），所述进气门（19）通过所述进气门凸轮（22）控制，所述下单向阀（6）通过所述下单向阀凸轮（28）控制，所述上单向阀（9）通过所述上单向阀凸轮（27）控制，所述中间气门（14）通过所述中间气门凸轮（13）控制、所述排气门（24）通过所述排气门凸轮（23）控制。A two-stroke engine with an independent combustion chamber, special pistons and synchronous supercharging. The special pistons provide high-pressure gas synchronously. The fuel is burned in the independent combustion chamber. The intake and work are combined into one work stroke, and the compression and exhaust are combined into One exhaust stroke, so two strokes complete one working cycle of the engine; it is characterized in that: the two-stroke engine with independent combustion chamber, special piston and synchronous supercharging also includes crank connecting rod mechanism, lubrication system, cooling System, starting system, fuel supply and control system, valve mechanism; a connecting rod (2) is connected to the crankshaft (1), the upper end of the connecting rod (2) is connected with the large piston (4), the large piston (4) ) Make up and down relative movements on the inner wall of the large cylinder (3), synchronized with the crankshaft (1), and through the opening of the intake valve (19), the large piston (4) sucks fresh air into the large cylinder (3), The gas is compressed in the compression chamber (5), the large piston (4) has a large piston ring (20), the large piston (4) and the small piston (17) are a whole, with the same stroke and internal Lubrication is connected, the small piston (17) is provided with a small piston ring (18), the large cylinder (3) is connected to a small cylinder (15), and the small piston (17) is connected to the small cylinder (15). ) The inner wall moves up and down, the side wall of the small cylinder (15) has an intake channel (7), the side wall of the small cylinder (15) has a compressed air channel (8), and the compressed air channel (8) There is a lower check valve (6), and the compressed air passage (8) is connected and disconnected with the large cylinder (3) through the opening and closing of the lower check valve (6). The compressed air passage (8) is connected with the upper check valve (9) on the backing plate (30), the upper check valve (9) is connected with the independent combustion chamber (10), and the compressed gas passage (8) passes The upper one-way valve (9) is opened and closed to realize the communication and disconnection with the independent combustion chamber (10), and the small cylinder (15) has a through hole for the intake valve (19), The small cylinder (15) has a through hole for the lower one-way valve (6), the middle of the small cylinder (15) is a working room (16), and there is a working room below the working room (16) A sealing strip (29), the small cylinder (15) is connected to a backing plate (30), the backing plate (30) has a through hole for the intake door (19), and the backing plate (30) is There is a through hole for the middle valve (14), the backing plate (30) is provided with a through hole for the upper check valve (9), and the backing plate (30) is installed with the upper check valve (9). ), the intermediate valve (14) is installed on the backing plate (30), the backing plate (30) is connected to a cylinder head (11), and the cylinder head (11) has the independent combustion chamber ( 10) An exhaust valve (24) is installed in the independent combustion chamber (10), the cylinder head (11) has a through hole for the intermediate valve (14), and the cylinder head (11) has The through hole of the intake valve (19), the cylinder head (11) has a through hole of the exhaust valve (24), and the cylinder head (11) There is an exhaust passage (21), a high-pressure nozzle (12) is installed on the cylinder head (11) to communicate with the independent combustion chamber (10), and the high-pressure nozzle (12) is externally connected with a high-pressure common rail to provide the independent The combustion chamber (10) is injected with fuel. A camshaft (26) is installed above the cylinder head (11). The camshaft (26) is installed with an intermediate valve cam (13), an intake valve cam (22), Valve cam (23), upper check valve cam (27), lower check valve cam (28), the intake valve (19) is controlled by the intake valve cam (22), the lower one-way The valve (6) is controlled by the lower one-way valve cam (28), the upper one-way valve (9) is controlled by the upper one-way valve cam (27), and the middle valve (14) passes through the middle A valve cam (13) is controlled, and the exhaust valve (24) is controlled by the exhaust valve cam (23).
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的具有独立燃烧室、特殊活塞和同步增压的二冲程发动机，其特征在于：所述的大气缸、小气缸的数目为1个独立或多个排列。The two-stroke engine with independent combustion chambers, special pistons and synchronous supercharging according to claim 1, wherein the number of said large cylinders and small cylinders is one independent or multiple arrangements.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的具有独立燃烧室、特殊活塞和同步增压的二冲程发动机，其特征在于：所述的独立燃烧室可以设计成不同形状放在适当位置，高压喷嘴与独立燃烧室配合安放，高压喷嘴数量和喷油次数根据需要决定，喷油量和时间都通过ECU控制。The two-stroke engine with independent combustion chamber, special piston and synchronous supercharging according to claim 1, characterized in that: the independent combustion chamber can be designed in different shapes and placed in appropriate positions, and the high-pressure nozzle is matched with the independent combustion chamber Placement, the number of high-pressure nozzles and the number of injections are determined according to needs, and the injection volume and time are controlled by ECU.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的具有独立燃烧室、特殊活塞和同步增压的二冲程发动机，其特征在于：所述的进气通道、进气门、压缩气通道、上单向阀、下单向阀、中间气门、排气门、排气通道、凸轮轴、凸轮的数目为1个或多个，可以设计成不同形状放在适当位置。The two-stroke engine with independent combustion chamber, special piston and synchronous supercharging according to claim 1, characterized in that: said intake passage, intake valve, compressed gas passage, upper check valve, lower check valve The number of valves, intermediate valves, exhaust valves, exhaust passages, camshafts, and cams is one or more, which can be designed in different shapes and placed in appropriate positions.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的具有独立燃烧室、特殊活塞和同步增压的二冲程发动机，其特征在于：所述的气门和单向阀的控制方法可以是凸轮、弹簧、气压、也可以是电磁铁，全部采用电磁铁，就可以取消凸轮轴和凸轮，也可配合使用。The two-stroke engine with independent combustion chamber, special piston and synchronous supercharging according to claim 1, characterized in that: the control method of the valve and one-way valve can be cam, spring, air pressure, or electromagnetic Iron, all using electromagnets can eliminate camshafts and cams, and can also be used in conjunction.
PCT/CN2020/074127 2019-02-15 2020-01-31 Two-stroke engine having independent combustion chamber and special piston and with synchronous boosting WO2020164395A1 (en)

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CN201920208592.4 2019-02-15

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4085710A (en) * 1976-08-03 1978-04-25 Sundar Savarimuthu Hydraulic engine piston
DE3518982A1 (en) * 1985-05-07 1986-11-13 Fred 5600 Wuppertal Nixdorf Two stroke internal combustion engine
CN1038685A (en) * 1988-05-07 1990-01-10 丹·梅里特 Internal-combustion engine
CN2353897Y (en) * 1998-06-12 1999-12-15 王险峰 Double-cavity gas-intake type two-stroke gasoline engine

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4085710A (en) * 1976-08-03 1978-04-25 Sundar Savarimuthu Hydraulic engine piston
DE3518982A1 (en) * 1985-05-07 1986-11-13 Fred 5600 Wuppertal Nixdorf Two stroke internal combustion engine
CN1038685A (en) * 1988-05-07 1990-01-10 丹·梅里特 Internal-combustion engine
CN2353897Y (en) * 1998-06-12 1999-12-15 王险峰 Double-cavity gas-intake type two-stroke gasoline engine

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