WO2020153870A1 - Solid fuel boiler - Google Patents

Solid fuel boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020153870A1
WO2020153870A1 PCT/RU2019/000908 RU2019000908W WO2020153870A1 WO 2020153870 A1 WO2020153870 A1 WO 2020153870A1 RU 2019000908 W RU2019000908 W RU 2019000908W WO 2020153870 A1 WO2020153870 A1 WO 2020153870A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
boiler
solid fuel
firebox
vertical
combustion chamber
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PCT/RU2019/000908
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French (fr)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Олег Михайлович ШАРОВ
Original Assignee
Олег Михайлович ШАРОВ
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Publication of WO2020153870A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020153870A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
    • F24H1/28—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/34—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water chamber arranged adjacent to the combustion chamber or chambers, e.g. above or at side
    • F24H1/36—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water chamber arranged adjacent to the combustion chamber or chambers, e.g. above or at side the water chamber including one or more fire tubes

Definitions

  • the proposed utility model relates to heat and power engineering and concerns the design of a solid fuel boiler, mainly on biofuel in the form of pellets and dry chips, which can be used in the production of high-power boilers.
  • the prototype boiler contains a water jacket, a vertical cylindrical furnace closed at the top, a vertical cylindrical combustion chamber and a burner installed in the furnace, vertical smoke tubes radially installed around the furnace at the same distance from the central axis of the boiler, with cleaning brushes - turbulators installed in the tubes.
  • the flame is reversed in the furnace. The flame goes up from the combustion chamber in the center of the firebox, then it is reflected from the top cover of the firebox and goes down along the walls of the firebox.
  • two tasks are effectively solved: firstly, the hot combustion chamber is separated from the cold walls of the furnace and an adiabatic boiler is obtained, and secondly, the entire surface of the furnace participates in heat exchange.
  • the radial scheme allows minimizing the geometric and weight characteristics of the boiler in comparison with other structures, for example, linear ones.
  • the latter is relevant if it is possible to place the smoke tubes in a circle in one row around the combustion chamber, i.e. for boilers of small and medium power up to 90 kW.
  • the advantages and general features of the device according to the prototype with the proposed utility model are the presence of a water jacket, a vertical cylindrical firebox closed at the top, a vertical cylindrical combustion chamber and a burner installed in the firebox, vertically placed smoke tubes, with scrubbing brushes - turbulators installed in them, which allows use a scheme with flame reversal in the boiler furnace, including the separation of the hot walls of the combustion chamber from the cold walls of the furnace and efficient use of the entire heat exchange surface of the furnace.
  • the prototype device is not without its drawbacks.
  • Boiler structure designed and optimized boilers of low and medium power.
  • the volume of the combustion chamber is proportional to the square of the radius of the chamber, and the surface of the smoke tubes is proportional to their number.
  • the task of the proposed utility model is to improve the design of a solid fuel boiler of high power.
  • the technical result of using the utility model is to reduce the external dimensions of the solid fuel boiler and its weight.
  • the task is achieved by the fact that in a solid fuel boiler containing a water jacket, a vertical cylindrical combustion chamber closed from above, a vertical cylindrical combustion chamber and a burner installed in the furnace, vertical smoke tubes, smoke tubes are installed on one side of the furnace and are arranged in a linear order on a rectangular grid; the water jacket is formed by two half-cylinders and two planes.
  • Figure 1 shows a vertical section of a solid fuel boiler.
  • Figure 2 shows a horizontal section of a solid fuel boiler.
  • the solid fuel boiler in FIG. 1 -2 contains:
  • the water jacket 1 is formed by two half-cylinders - and two planes.
  • the vertical cylindrical firebox 2 is located in the center of one of the half-cylinders of the water jacket 1.
  • the vertical cylindrical firebox 2 is closed at the top.
  • a vertical cylindrical combustion chamber 3 is installed in a vertical cylindrical firebox 2 on an axis.
  • a burner 4 is installed in the lower part of the vertical cylindrical combustion chamber 2 under the vertical cylindrical combustion chamber 3.
  • Vertical smoke tubes 5 are installed on one side of the furnace 2 and are placed in a linear order along a rectangular grid.
  • Fuel are supplied and burned on the burner 4 in the presence of primary air.
  • combustible gases are released from it, which are burned out in the vertical cylindrical combustion chamber 3 when secondary air is supplied.
  • the burnt gases unfold (reverse the stroke), go down along the walls of the firebox and enter the vertical smoke tubes 5, where they give off heat to the water jacket 1.
  • Installation of vertical smoke tubes on one side of the furnace and placing them in a linear order along a rectangular grid provides a reduction in the width of a solid fuel boiler of high power in width, reduces its weight, and also facilitates its maintenance.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

The proposed utility model relates to thermal power engineering and concerns a design for a boiler powered by solid fuel, preferably biofuel in the form of pellets and dry chips, which design can be used in the production of high-power boilers. A solid fuel boiler comprises a water jacket, a vertical cylindrical firebox closed from above, a vertical cylindrical combustion chamber and a burner which are mounted in the firebox, and vertical fire tubes. Said vertical fire tubes are disposed to one side of the firebox and are arranged linearly in the form of a rectangular grid. The technical result of the utility model is a reduction in the external dimensions and weight of the solid fuel boiler.

Description

КОТЕЛ НА ТВЕРДОМ ТОПЛИВЕ SOLID FUEL BOILER
Предлагаемая полезная моделей относится к теплоэнергетике и касается конструкции котла на твердом топливе, преимущественно на биотопливе в виде пеллет и сухой щепы, которая может быть использована при производстве котлов большой мощности. The proposed utility model relates to heat and power engineering and concerns the design of a solid fuel boiler, mainly on biofuel in the form of pellets and dry chips, which can be used in the production of high-power boilers.
Наиболее близким по технической сущности и достигаемому техническому результату к предлагаемой полезной модели является котел на твердом топливе, защищенный патентом RU 157016 Ш, кл. F24H 1/00, опубл. 20.11.2015, принятый за ближайший аналог (прототип). The closest in technical essence and the achieved technical result to the proposed utility model is a solid fuel boiler, protected by patent RU 157016 Sh, class. F24H 1/00, publ. 11/20/2015, taken as the closest analogue (prototype).
Котел по прототипу содержит водяную рубашку, вертикальную цилиндрическую топку, закрытую сверху, вертикальную цилиндрическую камеру сгорания и горелку, установленные в топке, вертикальные дымогарные трубы, радиально установленные вокруг топки на одном расстоянии от центральной оси котла, с установленными в трубах зачистными щетками - турбулизаторами. В данной схеме котла используется реверс пламени в топке. Пламя идет из камеры сгорания по центру топки вверх, затем отражается от верхней крышки топки и опускается вниз вдоль стенок топки. При этом эффективно решаются две задачи: во-первых горячая камера сгорания отделена от холодных стенок топки и получается адиабатный котел, во-вторых вся поверхность топки участвует в теплообмене. Радиальная схема позволяет минимизировать геометрические и весовые характеристики котла в сравнении с другими конструкциями, например, линейными. Последнее актуально при возможности размещения дымогарных труб по окружности в один ряд вокруг камеры сгорания, т.е. для котлов малой и средней мощности до 90 кВт. The prototype boiler contains a water jacket, a vertical cylindrical furnace closed at the top, a vertical cylindrical combustion chamber and a burner installed in the furnace, vertical smoke tubes radially installed around the furnace at the same distance from the central axis of the boiler, with cleaning brushes - turbulators installed in the tubes. In this boiler scheme, the flame is reversed in the furnace. The flame goes up from the combustion chamber in the center of the firebox, then it is reflected from the top cover of the firebox and goes down along the walls of the firebox. In this case, two tasks are effectively solved: firstly, the hot combustion chamber is separated from the cold walls of the furnace and an adiabatic boiler is obtained, and secondly, the entire surface of the furnace participates in heat exchange. The radial scheme allows minimizing the geometric and weight characteristics of the boiler in comparison with other structures, for example, linear ones. The latter is relevant if it is possible to place the smoke tubes in a circle in one row around the combustion chamber, i.e. for boilers of small and medium power up to 90 kW.
Преимуществами и общими признаками устройства по прототипу с предлагаемой полезной моделью является наличие водяной рубашки, вертикальной цилиндрической топки, закрытой сверху, вертикальной цилиндрической камеры сгорания и горелки, установленных в топке, вертикально размещенных дымогарных труб, с установленными в них зачистными щетками - турбулизаторами, что позволяет использовать схему с реверсом пламени в топке котла, в том числе отделение горячих стенок камеры сгорания от холодных стенок топки и эффективное использование всей теплообменной поверхности топки. The advantages and general features of the device according to the prototype with the proposed utility model are the presence of a water jacket, a vertical cylindrical firebox closed at the top, a vertical cylindrical combustion chamber and a burner installed in the firebox, vertically placed smoke tubes, with scrubbing brushes - turbulators installed in them, which allows use a scheme with flame reversal in the boiler furnace, including the separation of the hot walls of the combustion chamber from the cold walls of the furnace and efficient use of the entire heat exchange surface of the furnace.
Однако, устройство по прототипу, не лишено недостатков. В первую очередь - это сложность масштабирования. Конструкция котла спроектирована и оптимизирована котлов малой и средней мощности. В расчете котла существует жесткая взаимосвязь между объемом камеры сгорания и площадью дымогарных труб. Эта зависимость мало меняется с изменением мощности котла, она определяется процессами горения топлива и передачи тепла водяной рубашке. С другой стороны, при прочих равных условиях, объем камеры сгорания пропорционален квадрату радиуса камеры, а поверхность дымогарных труб - соответственно их количеству. При масштабировании котла, например, при увеличении мощности котла в два раза, радиус камеры сгорания увеличивается пропорционально корню из двух, а количество труб в два раза. Таким образом, при увеличении мощности котла вокруг камеры сгорания необходимо разместить дымогарные трубы в два, и более рядов. Площадь поперечного сечения котла при этом будет использоваться не рационально. Котел становится слишком большим, широким и неудобным для обслуживания по эргономическим параметрам (длины человеческих рук не хватает). Преимущество радиальной схемы при большой мощности котла исчезает. However, the prototype device is not without its drawbacks. First of all, it is the complexity of scaling. Boiler structure designed and optimized boilers of low and medium power. In the design of a boiler, there is a strict relationship between the volume of the combustion chamber and the area of the fire tubes. This dependence changes little with a change in the boiler power, it is determined by the processes of fuel combustion and heat transfer to the water jacket. On the other hand, all other things being equal, the volume of the combustion chamber is proportional to the square of the radius of the chamber, and the surface of the smoke tubes is proportional to their number. When scaling the boiler, for example, when the boiler power is doubled, the radius of the combustion chamber increases in proportion to the root of two, and the number of pipes doubles. Thus, with an increase in the boiler power around the combustion chamber, it is necessary to place the smoke tubes in two or more rows. In this case, the cross-sectional area of the boiler will not be used rationally. The boiler becomes too large, wide and ergonomically inconvenient for maintenance (human arms are not long enough). The advantage of the radial design disappears at high boiler output.
В задачу предлагаемой полезной модели положено усовершенствование конструкции котла на твердом топливе большой мощности. The task of the proposed utility model is to improve the design of a solid fuel boiler of high power.
Технический результат от использования полезной модели заключается в уменьшении внешних габаритов котла на твердом топливе и его веса. The technical result of using the utility model is to reduce the external dimensions of the solid fuel boiler and its weight.
Поставленная задача достигается тем, что в котле на твердом топливе, содержащем водяную рубашку, вертикальную цилиндрическую топку, закрытую сверху, вертикальную цилиндрическую камеру сгорания и горелку установленные в топке, вертикальные дымогарные трубы, дымогарные трубы установлены с одной стороны от топки и размещены в линейном порядке по прямоугольной сетке; водяная рубашка образована двумя полуцилиндрами и двумя плоскостями. The task is achieved by the fact that in a solid fuel boiler containing a water jacket, a vertical cylindrical combustion chamber closed from above, a vertical cylindrical combustion chamber and a burner installed in the furnace, vertical smoke tubes, smoke tubes are installed on one side of the furnace and are arranged in a linear order on a rectangular grid; the water jacket is formed by two half-cylinders and two planes.
На фиг.1 представлен вертикальный разрез котла на твердом топливе. Figure 1 shows a vertical section of a solid fuel boiler.
На фиг.2 представлен горизонтальный разрез котла на твердом топливе. Figure 2 shows a horizontal section of a solid fuel boiler.
Конструктивно котел на твердом топливе на фиг. 1 -2 содержит: Structurally, the solid fuel boiler in FIG. 1 -2 contains:
1 - водяную рубашку; 1 - water jacket;
2 - вертикальную цилиндрическую топку (жаровую трубу); 2 - vertical cylindrical firebox (fire tube);
3 - вертикальную цилиндрическую камеру сгорания; 3 - vertical cylindrical combustion chamber;
4 - горелку; 4 - burner;
5 - вертикальные дымогарные трубы; 5 - vertical smoke tubes;
6 - зачистные щетки-турбулизаторы. 6 - cleaning brushes-turbulators.
Водяная рубашка 1 образована двумя полуцилиндрами - и двумя плоскостями. Вертикальная цилиндрическая топка 2 размещена в центре одного из полуцилиндров водяной рубашки 1. Вертикальная цилиндрическая топка 2 выполнена закрытой сверху. The water jacket 1 is formed by two half-cylinders - and two planes. The vertical cylindrical firebox 2 is located in the center of one of the half-cylinders of the water jacket 1. The vertical cylindrical firebox 2 is closed at the top.
Вертикальная цилиндрическая камера сгорания 3 установлена в вертикальной цилиндрической топке 2 на оси. A vertical cylindrical combustion chamber 3 is installed in a vertical cylindrical firebox 2 on an axis.
В нижней части вертикальной цилиндрической топки 2 под вертикальной цилиндрической камерой сгорания 3 установлена горелка 4. A burner 4 is installed in the lower part of the vertical cylindrical combustion chamber 2 under the vertical cylindrical combustion chamber 3.
Вертикальные дымогарные трубы 5 установлены с одной стороны от топки 2 и размещены в линейном порядке по прямоугольной сетке. Vertical smoke tubes 5 are installed on one side of the furnace 2 and are placed in a linear order along a rectangular grid.
В вертикальных дымогарных трубах 5 установлены зачистные щетки- турбулизаторы 6. In vertical smoke tubes 5 there are scrubbing brushes-turbulators 6.
Предлагаемая полезная модель работает следующим образом. The proposed utility model works as follows.
Топливо (пеллеты) подаются и сгорают на горелке 4 в присутствии первичного воздуха. В процессе нагрева топлива из него выделяются горючие газы, которые дожигаются в вертикальной цилиндрической камере сгорания 3 при подаче вторичного воздуха. В верхней части вертикальной цилиндрической топки 2 сгоревшие газы разворачиваются (выполняют реверс хода), опускаются вниз вдоль стенок топки и поступают в вертикальные дымогарные трубы 5, где отдают тепло водяной рубашке 1. Fuel (pellets) are supplied and burned on the burner 4 in the presence of primary air. In the process of heating the fuel, combustible gases are released from it, which are burned out in the vertical cylindrical combustion chamber 3 when secondary air is supplied. In the upper part of the vertical cylindrical firebox 2, the burnt gases unfold (reverse the stroke), go down along the walls of the firebox and enter the vertical smoke tubes 5, where they give off heat to the water jacket 1.
Установка вертикальных дымогарных труб с одной стороны от топки и размещение их в линейном порядке по прямоугольной сетке обеспечивает уменьшение габарита котла на твердом топливе большой мощности по ширине, снижает его вес, а также облегчает его обслуживание. Installation of vertical smoke tubes on one side of the furnace and placing them in a linear order along a rectangular grid provides a reduction in the width of a solid fuel boiler of high power in width, reduces its weight, and also facilitates its maintenance.
В тоже время все преимущества схемы с реверсом пламени в топке котла, в том числе отделение горячих стенок камеры сгорания от холодных стенок топки и эффективное использование всей теплообменной поверхности топки, сохраняются. At the same time, all the advantages of the scheme with flame reversal in the boiler furnace, including the separation of the hot walls of the combustion chamber from the cold walls of the furnace and the efficient use of the entire heat exchange surface of the furnace, remain.

Claims

ФОРМУЛА ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ USEFUL MODEL FORMULA
1. Котел на твердом топливе, содержащий водяную рубашку, вертикальную цилиндрическую топку, закрытую сверху, вертикальную цилиндрическую камеру сгорания, горелку, установленные в топке, вертикальные дымогарные трубы, отличающийся тем, что дымогарные трубы установлены с одной стороны от топки и размещены в линейном порядке по прямоугольной сетке. 1. A solid fuel boiler, containing a water jacket, a vertical cylindrical firebox closed at the top, a vertical cylindrical combustion chamber, a burner installed in the firebox, vertical smoke pipes, characterized in that the smoke pipes are installed on one side of the furnace and are arranged in a linear order on a rectangular grid.
2. Котел по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что водяная рубашка образована двумя полуцилиндрами и двумя плоскостями. 2. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the water jacket is formed by two half-cylinders and two planes.
PCT/RU2019/000908 2019-01-21 2019-12-06 Solid fuel boiler WO2020153870A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2019101525 2019-01-21
RU2019101525 2019-01-21

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU12460U1 (en) * 1999-08-17 2000-01-10 Шлегель Игорь Феликсович WATER BOILER
RU122465U1 (en) * 2012-07-13 2012-11-27 Александр Юрьевич Григорьев AUTOMATED SOLID FUEL BOILER
UA80981U (en) * 2013-02-01 2013-06-10 Владимир Иванович Никулин Solid fuel hot water boiler
RU157016U1 (en) * 2014-10-20 2015-11-20 Олег Михайлович Шаров SOLID FUEL BOILER

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU12460U1 (en) * 1999-08-17 2000-01-10 Шлегель Игорь Феликсович WATER BOILER
RU122465U1 (en) * 2012-07-13 2012-11-27 Александр Юрьевич Григорьев AUTOMATED SOLID FUEL BOILER
UA80981U (en) * 2013-02-01 2013-06-10 Владимир Иванович Никулин Solid fuel hot water boiler
RU157016U1 (en) * 2014-10-20 2015-11-20 Олег Михайлович Шаров SOLID FUEL BOILER

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