WO2020128920A1 - Method and device for treating fluids for supply - Google Patents

Method and device for treating fluids for supply Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020128920A1
WO2020128920A1 PCT/IB2019/061049 IB2019061049W WO2020128920A1 WO 2020128920 A1 WO2020128920 A1 WO 2020128920A1 IB 2019061049 W IB2019061049 W IB 2019061049W WO 2020128920 A1 WO2020128920 A1 WO 2020128920A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
filter
outlet
container
homogeneous mixture
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2019/061049
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Oscar Hernán CARDONA GARCIA
Juan Pablo LEYVA
Oscar Efren OSPINA ZUÑIGA
Duvan RAMIREZ BAYONA
Original Assignee
Universidad Cooperativa De Colombia
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidad Cooperativa De Colombia filed Critical Universidad Cooperativa De Colombia
Publication of WO2020128920A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020128920A1/en

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D21/00Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/01Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation using flocculating agents
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D21/00Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/02Settling tanks with single outlets for the separated liquid
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D21/00Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/28Mechanical auxiliary equipment for acceleration of sedimentation, e.g. by vibrators or the like
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D24/00Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
    • B01D24/02Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D24/00Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
    • B01D24/02Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration
    • B01D24/10Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration the filtering material being held in a closed container
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D36/00Filter circuits or combinations of filters with other separating devices
    • B01D36/02Combinations of filters of different kinds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D36/00Filter circuits or combinations of filters with other separating devices
    • B01D36/04Combinations of filters with settling tanks
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/54Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to the fluid filtration industry, particularly with devices for treating fluids for supply. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method and device for treating fluids for delivery using at least one organic coagulant.
  • the test includes purifying rainwater with powder or paste of moringa seeds in a glass and purifying rainwater with seeds moringa in a separate glass.
  • the first test involves the steps of grinding or crushing dry moringa seeds until a paste or powder is obtained depending on the degree of humidity of the seeds. This powder or paste is poured into a glass with water and stirred quickly for two minutes in order to stimulate the active ingredients, obtaining a mixed fluid. Later this mixed fluid is added in a glass which contains rain water.
  • the second trial comprises a glass with rain water and this glass is added to the unmilled moringa seeds.
  • the glasses are shaken for a specified time of two minutes at a few revolutions until the rainwater stops moving. It is left in seal for approximately 45 minutes and then filtered.
  • the filtration process is done using a PVC tube which comprises three filtration stages arranged in series, and the function of the second and third stages is to filter out the particles that were not able to filter in the first stage. After the filtration process, it is observed how rainwater has changed its color, resembling drinking water.
  • the disclosure entitled "Treatment of water based on moringa seeds” evidences a process and device for the treatment of water based on moringa seeds. The process begins when the moringa seeds are crushed and dissolved in a quantity of demineralized or distilled water.
  • the device comprises a first tank which is elevated to a height of three meters and comprises a first filter and two outlets.
  • the filter is close to the first outlet which connects to a second tank.
  • the second outlet is at the bottom of the first tank where heavy particles are removed.
  • crushed mixture of moringa seeds and demineralized water are poured into the second tank where it is subsequently stirred at non-constant speeds for a certain time, after stirring it is left in seal for a time of 90 minutes.
  • a solenoid valve opens, which allows the passage of the fluid obtained in the second tank to a filter which includes activated carbon.
  • patent document CN2042745U discloses a device for sludge thickening and coagulation sedimentation in a V-groove.
  • the device comprises a reaction chamber, a V-groove plate settling chamber and a water distribution chamber. .
  • the device works by mixing raw water (sludge) with coagulant forming a flocculation, thus facilitating the separation and precipitation of solid bodies.
  • the mixture is directed upwards to a quartz sand filter with a layer of anthracite.
  • the excess of the mixture that could not be filtered is precipitated into the V-groove and is subsequently eliminated through an outlet duct.
  • patent document US20070102337A1 discloses a deep bed filter system which comprises a deep bed filter comprising a container, which has a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet.
  • the container can be any container that can function as a filter, the inlet of the container is controlled by a valve, and the outlet is also controlled by a valve.
  • the interior of the container comprises a plurality of filters.
  • the plurality of filters includes a layer of sand and a layer of polymeric particles. These two layers are mixed obtaining an intermediate layer.
  • the fluid to be treated can pass from the outlet of the container to the inlet of the container or vice versa, the important thing is that it passes through the intermediate layer.
  • the disclosures are limited to filtering the fluid and treating it through filters without taking into account if the treated fluid is optimal for possible human consumption or to be supplied in a process that requires quality standards.
  • the present invention corresponds to a method and a device for the treatment of fluids for supply.
  • the fluid treatment device comprises a container with a first outlet and a second outlet, where the first outlet is located proximal to the bottom of the container. Also, a stirrer located inside the container and a filtration system connected to the second outlet of the container.
  • the method for the treatment of fluids comprises the steps of a) shaking the fluid with an organic coagulant for a time between 10 seconds to 20 seconds and at least between 20 RPM to 100 RPM to obtain a homogeneous mixture, b) shaking the homogeneous mixture obtained in step a) for a time between 10 minutes to 15 minutes and at least between 5 RPM to 20 RPM until the flocculation of the homogeneous mixture is achieved, c) suspend the agitation of step b) and leave the mixture homogeneous sealing for 5 minutes to 10 minutes until the homogeneous mixture has a maximum of 5 to 10 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) d) filter the homogeneous mixture from step c) until the fluid has a maximum of one to two nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), where in stage c) a liquid phase and a solid phase are obtained.
  • NTU nephelometric turbidity units
  • FIG. 1 corresponds to an isometric view of the device for the treatment of fluids for supply.
  • FIG. 2 corresponds to the front view with a cross section of the container showing the stirrer inside.
  • FIG: 3 corresponds to the front view of the device showing the first section of pipe and the filtration system.
  • FIG. 4 corresponds to the method of fluid treatment in which an organic coagulant is supplied to the interior of the container and subsequent agitation.
  • FIG. 5 corresponds to the extraction of the fluid obtained in the container which passes through the filtration system.
  • the present invention discloses a method and a device for the treatment of fluids for supply using at least one organic coagulant in order to obtain a fluid with at least two nephelometric turbidity units (NTU).
  • NTU nephelometric turbidity units
  • the device for the treatment of fluids comprises a container (1) with a first outlet (Ib) and a second outlet (le).
  • the first outlet (Ib) is located proximal to the bottom of the container (1).
  • a stirrer (2) located inside the container (1) and a filtration system (3) connected to the second outlet (le) of the container (1).
  • the container (1) allows to lodge a fluid to be treated, particularly fluids with high turbidity nephelometric units (NTU) (greater than 4 NTU).
  • NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Unit
  • NTU refers to the degree of transparency that water or liquid loses due to the presence of particles in suspension, to a greater amount of solids suspended present in a fluid, the greater the degree of turbidity.
  • a fluid can be natural water, salt water, cloudy water, some fluid with the presence of chemicals, wastewater, standing water or any cloudy fluid that has more than two nephelometric turbidity units.
  • the container (1) has a geometry selected from conical, torispheric, spherical, flat head, conical and combinations of the foregoing.
  • the container (1) preferably has a conical bottom because it allows to better distribute the suspended solids when treating the cloudy fluid with an organic coagulant (22). Also, in the conical bottom the second outlet (le) is connected, in which it is possible to remove the heavy solids after the treatment of the fluid with organic coagulant (22).
  • the container (1) is open to the atmosphere and has a capacity between 5F and 500F.
  • the container (1) is made of a material selected from carbon steel, cast iron, galvanized iron, chrome steels, chrome-nickel steels, chrome-nickel-titanium steels, alloy nickel-chrome- molybdenum-tungsten, chrome-molybdenum ferrous alloys, 301 stainless steel, 302 stainless steel, 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel, 405 stainless steel, 410 stainless steel, 430 stainless steel, 442 stainless steel, manganese alloy steel and combinations of the previous ones.
  • the container (1) is made of 304 stainless steel, this material is selected due to its resistance to corrosion, for example, if the fluid to be treated is cloudy water with the presence of mercury, this fluid would not affect It would not compromise the selected steel nor would it oxidize it, it is important to detail that since it does not oxidize as fast as other metals, there would be no possibility of finding suspended particles of stainless steel in the fluid to be treated.
  • the container (1) is made of a plastic material that is selected from polymethylmetracylate (PMMA), polyvinylchloride (PVC); Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC); polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamides (PA) (eg PA12, PA6, PA66); polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE); vinylidene polyfluoride (PVDF); ethylene polytetrafluoride (PTFE); ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE); fiber-reinforced plastics (polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, vinyl resins) (e.g. glass, aramid, polyester), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX). Also, the container (1) is made of a ceramic material that is selected from concrete, reinforced concrete with metallic reinforcement.
  • the container (1) has a second outlet (le) connected at the bottom of the container (1).
  • the second outlet allows you to remove heavy solids after treatment of the fluid to be treated.
  • Proximal to the second outlet (le) there is a second section of pipe (21) which allows directing the heavy solids to another collection process or leaving it open to the atmosphere.
  • a fourth valve (19) that allows regulating the flow and flow of heavy solids from the container (1).
  • the container (1) has an inlet (la) and a first outlet (Ib), the inlet (la) is open to the atmosphere with the In order to allow fluid to be treated with an organic coagulant (22) to enter and the first outlet (Ib) to allow the treated fluid to exit after the treatment method (the fluid treatment method will be described in detail later).
  • the first outlet (Ib) is located proximal to the bottom of the container (1) in such a way that after the fluid has been treated, the first outlet (Ib) allows the extraction of the treated fluid.
  • the first outlet (Ib) is located proximal to the bottom of the container (1) and distal to the second outlet (le) in order to extract the largest amount of treated fluid present in the total amount of fluid entered by the inlet (the ), without extracting the heavy solids present after the fluid treatment, which as described above, are extracted through the second outlet (le).
  • a first section of pipe (20) is provided which allows coupling a filtration system (3) in order to filter relatively small particles.
  • the filtration system (3) comprises a first filter (3a), a second filter (3b) and a third filter (3c), where the three filters (3a, 3b and 3c) are arranged serially, although in an embodiment (not illustrated), the filters are arranged in parallel.
  • the three filters (3a, 3b and 3c) are arranged in series, allowing the treated fluid to flow through each of the three filters (3a, 3b and 3c) in a progressive and sequential way, thus achieving a better capture of particles in each of the filters.
  • the objective of the three filters (3a, 3b and 3c) is to obtain a fluid treated with a maximum of two nephelometric turbidity units (NTU).
  • the first pipe section (20) comprises a first valve (16), a second valve (17) and a third valve (18).
  • the three valves (16, 17 and 18) are arranged as follows as long as the three filters (3a, 3b and 3c) are arranged in series, the first valve (16) is arranged before the first filter (3a) and after the first outlet (Ib), the second valve (17) is arranged after the first filter (3a) and before the second filter (3b); and the third valve (18) is arranged after the third filter (3c).
  • the third valve (18) allows the entire first section of pipe (20) to be closed if the other two valves (16 and 17) are open.
  • the treated fluid can be used or supplied in different irrigation processes or for human consumption, domestic consumption, veterinary medicine, human medicine for cases of intoxication, in the wastewater treatment, clarification of sugar syrup among others.
  • a pump is connected to the third valve (18) which allows the fluid housed inside the container (1) to be sucked and then to pass through the three filters (3a, 3b, 3c).
  • the pump is selected from gear pumps, vane pumps, thyme pumps, progressive cavity pumps, lobe or cam pump, peristaltic pumps, reciprocating pumps, centrifugal pumps, duplex pump, diaphragm pump, double diaphragm pump , dilator pumps or other equivalent pumps known to a person skilled in the art.
  • the first filter (3a) contains anthracite inside.
  • Anthracite is a material whose properties allow clarifying a cloudy or dirty fluid.
  • the reason why the first filter (3a) contains anthracite is because the anthracite contains a series of grains that allow the suspended particles present in the fluid to be clarified to be retained in the anthracite. Compared to sand, anthracite allows for greater flow, less pressure drop and better backwash.
  • the backwash is a cleaning process that anthracite undergoes at a certain time in order to remove and eradicate dirt present therein.
  • a fluid preferably without suspended solids
  • a fluid must be applied in counterflow from the direction of the fluid to be treated.
  • the second filter (3b) contains sand inside.
  • the sand allows to filter particles of up to twenty microns in size and the reason why Which is arranged after the first filter (3a) is because the sand drops the pressure inside the first section of pipe (20).
  • the sand from the second filter (3b) is selected from silica sand, quartzite gravel, microsilice or combinations of the above.
  • the second filter (3b) contains silica sand inside, it allows the retention of the flocs of small sizes that are not separated in the treatment method that is carried inside the container (1).
  • the third filter (3c) contains activated carbon inside.
  • Activated carbon is a mineral that allows the removal of chlorine and organic compounds present in the fluid previously treated in the first filter (3a) and in the second filter (3b). The retention of the particles is the same as in the second filter (3b).
  • the activated carbon of the third filter (3c) is selected from the family of carbonaceous adsorbents.
  • the type of adsorbent it must be taken into account that you want to treat, for example, if it is for human consumption, domestic consumption, veterinary medicine, human medicine for cases of intoxication, in the treatment of wastewater, clarification of sugar syrup among others.
  • the first pipe section (20) and the second pipe section (21) have a diameter selected between 0.0 lm and 0.9m.
  • the diameter of the first pipe section (20) and the second pipe section (21) is selected depending on what flow the user wants. It should be understood that the flow is also linked to the partial or total opening of the valves (16, 17, 18 and 19).
  • the first pipe section (20) and the second pipe section (21) have a cross section that is selected from the group comprising circular, triangular, rectangular, square, hexagonal sections, polygonal, tubular, regular shapes, irregular shapes, or each of the polygons that form or limit a polyhedron.
  • first pipe section (20) and the second pipe section (21) are made of a material selected from carbon steel, cast iron, galvanized iron, chrome steels, chrome-nickel steels, chrome-nickel-titanium steels, nickel-chrome-molybdenum-tungsten alloy, ferro-chrome-molybdenum alloys, 301 stainless steel, 302 stainless steel, 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel, 405 stainless steel, 410 stainless steel, steel 430 stainless, 442 stainless steel, manganese alloyed steel and combinations of the above.
  • first section of pipe (20) and the second section of pipe (21) are made of a plastic material that is selected from polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyvinylchloride (PVC); Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC); polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamides (PA) (eg PA12, PA6, PA66); polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE); vinylidene polyfluoride (PVDF); ethylene polytetrafluoride (PTFE); ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE); fiber-reinforced plastics (polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, vinyl resins) (eg glass, aramid, polyester), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX).
  • the first pipe section (20) and the second pipe section (21) are made of a ceramic material that is selected from concrete, reinforced concrete with metal reinforcement.
  • the first valve (16), second valve (17), third valve (18) and the fourth valve (19) are selected from check valves, gate valves, ball valves or ball valve, pressure relief or safety valve, globe (or seat) valve, butterfly valve, diaphragm valve, rotary valve, non-return valve, such as swing valve, spring valve, piston valve, ball check valve or any valve known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the valve selected for the four valves (16, 17, 18, and 19) are ball valves because they allow a user to easily gauge how much flow he wants to pass between the valves.
  • the container (1) has a stirrer (2) located inside, which is responsible for stirring the fluid to be treated with the organic coagulant (22) until obtaining a mixture homogeneous.
  • the agitator (2) comprises a propeller (7), a first shaft (8) with a first end (8a) and a second end (8b), a power transmission mechanism (9), where the power transmission mechanism it comprises a first gear (10), a second gear (11), a second shaft (12) and a crank (13).
  • the propeller (7) is selected from propellers, fixed pitch propellers, variable pitch propellers, controllable pitch propellers, nozzle propellers, paddle wheel propellers, flat bladed twin bladed propellers or any propeller known to a person of ordinary skill in the art .
  • the propeller (7) is connected to the first shaft (8) through the first end (8a) by means of fastening elements or connecting elements.
  • the fasteners are selected from rivets, bolts, screws, pins, staples, keys, glues, or equivalent elements known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. These clamping elements allow the propeller
  • the propeller (7) is attached to the first end (8a) by welding, and the end (8b) is connected to the power transmission mechanism (10) by means of fasteners.
  • Bonding elements are selected from chemical welding, temperature welding, pressure welding, friction welding, welding (eg SMAW, GMAW, GTAW, FCAW, and other methods accepted by the American Welding Society), chemical welding (eg adhesives epoxies, methacrylates, acrylics, or combinations thereof). These connecting elements are disadvantageous compared to the fastening elements because as they are fixedly attached, there is no possibility of separating them for preventive or corrective maintenance.
  • the power transmission mechanism (9) connects to the first shaft (8) through the second end.
  • the power transmission mechanism (9) connects to the first axis
  • the power transmission mechanism is selected from cables, transmission chains, drive belts or belts, pulleys, toothed pulleys, gears, pinions, sprocket-chain, sprocket mechanism and worm gear, mechanism rack and pinion wheels, friction wheels, friction discs, splines and ribs, cardan joints and CV joints, camshafts and other equivalent mechanical transmission elements known to a person skilled in the art.
  • the power transmission mechanism (9) is a gear transmission, which comprises a first gear
  • the first gear (10) is connected to the second end (8b) of the first shaft (8) by means of fastening elements.
  • the second gear is connected to the second end (8b) of the first shaft (8) by means of fastening elements.
  • the first gear (10) and the second gear (11) are gears selected from spur gears, worm gears, double helical gears and any gear known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the second gear (11) is connected to a second shaft (12) by means of connecting elements or clamping elements, preferably with fixing elements for the reasons previously described.
  • a power source is connected to the second axis (12).
  • the power source is selected from crank (13), electric motor, air motor, hydraulic motor or combustion motor.
  • the power source is a crank (13) connected to the second axis (12).
  • a user can transmit power through the crank (13), the crank (13) rotates clockwise or counterclockwise.
  • this rotational movement is transferred to the second gear (11) where to the tangential contact it has with the first gear (10) the direction of rotation changes from 0 or 90 °, allowing the first gear (10) to transfer this movement to the first shaft (8) and this to the propeller (7) allowing shake the fluid to be treated and in this way obtain a homogeneous mixture.
  • the crank (13) can be replaced by an electric motor which can be selected from alternating current motors (eg three-phase synchronous motors, synchronous asynchronous motors, motors with a permanent magnet rotor, single-phase motors , two-phase motors, motors with wound auxiliary start, motors with wound auxiliary start and with capacitor), direct current motors (eg series excitation motors, parallel excitation motors, compound excitation motors).
  • alternating current motors eg three-phase synchronous motors, synchronous asynchronous motors, motors with a permanent magnet rotor, single-phase motors , two-phase motors, motors with wound auxiliary start, motors with wound auxiliary start and with capacitor
  • direct current motors eg series excitation motors, parallel excitation motors, compound excitation motors.
  • the electric motor is connected to the first shaft (8) at the second end (8b)
  • the propeller (7), the first shaft (8), the first gear (10), the second gear (11), the second shaft (12) and the crank (13) are made of a material selected from carbon steel, cast iron, galvanized iron, chrome steels, chrome-nickel steels, chrome-nickel-titanium steels, nickel-chrome-molybdenum-tungsten alloy, ferro-chrome-molybdenum alloys, stainless steel 301, 302 stainless steel, 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel, 405 stainless steel, 410 stainless steel, 430 stainless steel, 442 stainless steel, manganese alloy steel and combinations of the above.
  • the propeller (7), the first shaft (8), the first gear (10), the second gear (11) and the crank (13) are made of a plastic material selected from polymethylmetracylate (PMMA), polyvinylchloride ( PVC); Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC); polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamides (PA) (eg PA12, PA6, PA66); polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE); vinylidene polyfluoride (PVDF); ethylene polytetrafluoride (PTFE); ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE); fiber-reinforced plastics (polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, vinyl resins) (eg glass, aramid, polyester), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX).
  • PMMA polymethylmetracylate
  • PVC polyvinylchloride
  • CPVC Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PA polyamides
  • the propeller (7), the first shaft (8), and the second shaft (12) are made of 304 stainless steel.
  • This material is selected due to its resistance to corrosion, for example, if the stirrer (2) is When stirring a fluid that has the presence of salt, this fluid would not affect or compromise the selected steel or oxidize it. It is important to detail that since it does not oxidize as fast as other metals, there would be no possibility of finding suspended particles of stainless steel in the fluid to be treated.
  • the stirrer (2) is connected to a stirrer structure (15) in a fixed manner, allowing all the elements of the stirrer (2) to move without undergoing horizontal displacements.
  • the stirrer structure (15) connects to the container (1) at the inlet (la), preferably the stirrer structure (15) connects on the outer diameter of the container (1).
  • the agitator structure (15) is constructed by connecting structural elements so that a structural arrangement is obtained capable of resisting the load generated by the agitator (2) and the movements it generates.
  • the stirrer structure (15) is of a material selected from carbon steel, cast iron, galvanized iron, chrome steels, chrome-nickel steels, chrome-nickel-titanium steels, nickel-chrome alloy- molybdenum-tungsten, chrome-molybdenum ferrous alloys, 301 stainless steel, 302 stainless steel, 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel, 405 stainless steel, 410 stainless steel, 430 stainless steel, 442 stainless steel, manganese alloy steel and combinations of the previous ones.
  • the stirrer structure (15) is made of a plastic material that is selected from polymethylmetracylate (PMMA), polyvinyl vinyl (PVC); polychlorinated vinyl polychloride (CPVC); polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamides (PA) (eg PA12, PA6, PA66); polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE); vinylidene polyfluomer (PVDF); polytetrafluomer of ethylene (PTFE); ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE); fiber-reinforced plastics (polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, vinyl resins) (e.g. glass, aramid, polyester), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX).
  • PMMA polymethylmetracylate
  • PVC polyvinyl vinyl
  • CPVC polychlorinated vinyl polychloride
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PA polyamides
  • PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene
  • PVDF vinylidene polyflu
  • the device comprises a structure of the device (14) in order to support all the weight device, additionally, the structure of the device (14) is arranged on a horizontal surface.
  • a horizontal surface is defined if it is perpendicular to the direction of gravity.
  • the structure of the device (14) is constructed by connecting structural elements so as to obtain a structural arrangement capable of resisting the weight of the device.
  • the structure of the device (14) is made of a material selected from carbon steel, cast iron, galvanized iron, chrome steels, chrome-nickel steels, chrome-nickel-titanium steels, nickel-chrome alloy- molybdenum-tungsten, chrome-molybdenum ferrous alloys, 301 stainless steel, 302 stainless steel, 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel, 405 stainless steel, 410 stainless steel, 430 stainless steel, 442 stainless steel, manganese alloy steel and combinations of the previous ones.
  • the structure of the device (14) is made of a plastic material that is selected from polymethylmethyl acrylate (PMMA), polyvinylchloride (PVC); Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC); polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamides (PA) (eg PA12, PA6, PA66); polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE); vinylidene polyfluoride (PVDF); ethylene polytetrafluoride (PTFE); ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE); fiber-reinforced plastics (polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, vinyl resins) (e.g. glass, aramid, polyester), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX).
  • PMMA polymethylmethyl acrylate
  • PVC polyvinylchloride
  • CPVC Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PA polyamides
  • PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene
  • PVDF vinyl
  • the present invention also comprises a method for the treatment of fluids (hereinafter method).
  • the method comprises the steps of a) stirring for a time between 10 seconds to 20 seconds and at least between 20 RPM to 100 RPM the fluid with an organic coagulant to obtain a homogeneous mixture, b) stirring the homogeneous mixture obtained in step a ) for a time between 10 minutes to 15 minutes and at least between 5 RPM to 20 RPM until flocculation of the homogeneous mixture is achieved, c) suspend the agitation of step b) and leave the homogeneous mixture in tightness for a time between 5 minutes to 10 minutes until the homogeneous mixture has a maximum of between 5 to 10 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) and in step d) filter the homogeneous mixture from step c) until the fluid has a maximum of one to two nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), where in stage c) a liquid phase and a solid phase are obtained.
  • NTU nephelometric turbidity units
  • an organic coagulant is an element that allows separating solids and liquids from a liquid sample, whether it is cloudy or crystalline. Additionally, it will be understood in the present invention that turbidity is the measure of the degree of transparency that the fluid or some other type of liquid loses due to the presence of particles in suspension.
  • the organic coagulant (22) are moringa oleifera seeds which are crushed and macerated.
  • the crushing of the moringa seed can be carried out by different crushing processes, for example, grinder, roller mill, hammer mills, attrition disk mills, drum mills, blade chopper, grinding mortar, macerator or combinations of the previous.
  • the moringa ole ⁇ fera seeds are crushed with an attrition mill which allows obtaining fine grains from the seed in such a way that they resemble the dust because the grains are relatively small, these grains have a size between 0.05mm to 0.2mm.
  • a grinding mortar comprises a hollow container in which the element to be crushed is disposed and forceful blows are made by means of a mortar in order to reduce its size and separate it into fine grains. After crushing the moringa seeds and obtaining crushed grains between 0.05mm to 0.2mm, they must pass through a sieve which allows separating solid grains that were not crushed in the crushing process and separating small impurities from the crushed seeds. moringa.
  • the screen is of a material selected from carbon steel, cast iron, galvanized iron, chrome steels, chrome-nickel steels, chrome-nickel-titanium steels, nickel-chrome alloy- molybdenum-tungsten, chrome-molybdenum ferrous alloys, 301 stainless steel, 302 stainless steel, 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel, 405 stainless steel, 410 stainless steel, 430 stainless steel, 442 stainless steel, manganese alloy steel and combinations of the previous ones.
  • the screen is 304 stainless steel because this material has high resistance to corrosion.
  • the screen includes a mesh.
  • This mesh allows the passage of solid particles through it.
  • the mesh is selected from mesh No. 40 to No. 200, the mesh number represents the number of spaces within a square inch, that is, if the bad is No. 32 it means that it allows solid particles to pass through. 0.495mm or 0.0194 inches within a square inch, the higher the mesh number, the smaller the size of the particles you want to filter.
  • the crushed and macerated moringa seeds are added to the container (1) which comprises a liquid to be treated.
  • the moringa / fluid ratio is the ratio of the weight of moringa in grams for each liter of fluid to be treated, for example, to treat a liter of a cloudy fluid, it takes between 20 milligrams to 140 milligrams of crushed and macerated oleifera moringa.
  • NTU nephelometric turbidity units
  • the agitator (2) agitates this mixture for a time between 10 seconds to 20 seconds and at least between 20 RPM to 100 RPM the fluid with an organic coagulant to obtain a mixture homogeneous.
  • a homogeneous mixture is a mixture of uniform elements, where its components cannot be differentiated with the naked eye.
  • the homogeneous mixture refers to the uniformity between the fluid to be treated and the organic coagulant (22) which are crushed moringa seeds.
  • step b) the stirrer (2) shake the homogeneous mixture obtained in step a) for a time between 10 minutes to 15 minutes and at least between 5 RPM to 20 RPM until the flocculation of the homogeneous mixture is achieved.
  • flocculation is a chemical process in which, with the addition of flocculating substances (in this case the crushed moringa seeds) they capture the generally solid substances, thus allowing their decantation and subsequent filtering.
  • step c) the homogeneous mixture of step b) is left in tightness with a time between 5 minutes to 10 minutes, to leave the homogeneous mixture in tightness, the mixture should be stopped stirring.
  • the homogeneous mixture is left in airtightness so that the heavy particles present in the mixture descend to the bottom of the container (1).
  • Solid particles correspond to a solid phase
  • the localized homogeneous fluid superior to the solid phase corresponds to a liquid phase.
  • the homogeneous mixture is stirred between 20 RPM to 40 RPM in order that the organic coagulant (22) manages to capture the solid particles present in the fluid to be treated easily.
  • step c) The time selected in step c) allows the homogeneous fluid to obtain nephelometric turbidity units between 2 to 10.
  • step d) the homogeneous mixture (without solid particles) is filtered through the filtration system (3).
  • the homogeneous mixture is withdrawn through the first outlet (Ib) of the container (1), the homogeneous mixture passes through the first section of pipe (20) which comprises the filtration system (3).
  • the homogeneous mixture enters the first filter (3a) which contains anthracite, subsequently enters the second filter (3b) which contains sand, and finally passes through the third filter (3c) which contains activated carbon. After passing through the three filters (3a, 3b, 3c), the homogeneous mixture has a maximum of two nephelometric turbidity units.
  • Example 1 Manufacture of a device for the treatment of fluids for supply.
  • a device for the treatment of fluids was designed and built, where the treatment is achieved by combining a fluid to be treated and an organic coagulant.
  • container (1) which has a cylindrical geometric shape, additionally, at the bottom, the container (1) has a conical shape in order to accumulate solid particles present in the fluid to be treated after the flocculation process.
  • container (1) has a capacity of 20L.
  • the device has a stirrer (2) that has a propeller (7) located inside, preferably the propeller (7) is made of blades.
  • the propeller (7) is connected to a first shaft (8) and this is connected to a power transmission mechanism (9), the power transmission mechanism (9) to a second shaft (12) and this to a crank (13).
  • the power transmission mechanism (9) are two gears (11, 12) arranged at 90 ° in such a way that the rotational movement coming from the crank (13) changes direction 90 °.
  • the gears (11 and 12) are bevel helical gears.
  • the container (1) has a height of 0.4m and a thickness of 0.03m. Additionally, the container (1) has an inlet (la), a second outlet (le) and a second outlet (le). Preferably, the inlet (la), the first outlet (Ib) and the second outlet (le) have a diameter selected between 0.0 lm and 0.9m.
  • the second outlet (le) is committed to a second section of pipe (21) which has the same diameter.
  • a fourth valve (19) which is a ball valve.
  • the first outlet (Ib) is connected to a first section of pipe (20) which comprises a filtration system (3).
  • the filtration system (3) comprises a first filter (3a) which contains anthracite, the second filter (3b) contains sand and the third filter (3c) contains activated carbon.
  • the first section of pipe (20) comprises a first valve (16) located after the outlet (Ib) of the container (1) and before the first filter (3a), a second valve (17) located between after the first filter (3a) and before the second filter (3b), and a third valve (18) located after the third filter (3c).
  • the three valves (16, 17 and 18) are ball valves and preferably have a diameter equal to the first outlet (Ib) of the container (1) and of the first pipe section (20).
  • Example 2 A method for treating supply fluids
  • Step a) shake for at least 20 seconds and at least 100 RPM a fluid with an organic coagulant (22) to obtain a homogeneous mixture, preferably the organic coagulant (22) are crushed and macerated moringa seeds.
  • the crushed and macerated seeds have a size between 0.1mm to 0.05mm. Subsequently, they must be sieved on a No. 40 or No. 140 sieve.
  • Step b) stir the homogeneous mixture with the agitator (2) for at least 15 minutes and at least 10 RPM until flocculation is achieved.
  • Step c) suspend agitation of the stirrer (2) and leave the homogeneous mixture in tightness for a time of at least 10 minutes until the homogeneous mixture has a maximum of 10 nephelometric turbidity units.
  • the Heavy particles from the homogeneous mixture descend to the conical bottom of the container (1).
  • Step d) the homogeneous mixture from step c) is filtered through a filtration system (3) until a maximum of two nephelometric turbidity units are obtained.
  • the homogeneous mixture passes through a first filter (3a) that contains anthracite, then it passes through a second filter (3b) that contains sand and finally it passes through a third filter (3c) that has activated carbon.

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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and to a device for the treatment of fluids for supply. The device for fluid treatment comprises: a recipient with a first outlet and a second outlet, the first outlet being located close to the bottom of the recipient; an agitator located inside the recipient; and a filtration system connected to the second outlet of the recipient. The method for treating fluids comprises the steps of: a) agitating the fluid with an organic coagulant for 10-20 seconds at a minimum of 20-100 rpm to obtain a homogenous mixture; b) agitating the homogenous mixture obtained in step a) for 10-15 minutes at a minimum of 5-20 rpm to flocculate the homogenous mixture; c) stopping the agitation of step b) and leaving the homogenous mixture in a sealed state for 5-10 minutes until it has a maximum of 5-10 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU); and d) filtering the homogenous mixture of step c) until the fluid has a maximum of 1-2 NTU, a liquid phase and a solid being obtained in step c).

Description

MÉTODO Y DISPOSITIVO PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE FLUIDOS PARA METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE TREATMENT OF FLUIDS FOR
SUMINISTRO SUPPLY
Campo técnico de la invención. Technical field of the invention.
La presente invención está relacionada con la industria de filtración de fluidos, particularmente con dispositivos para el tratamiento de fluidos para suministro. Específicamente, la presente invención se refiere a un método y a un dispositivo para el tratamiento de fluidos para suministro utilizando al menos un coagulante orgánico. The present invention is related to the fluid filtration industry, particularly with devices for treating fluids for supply. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method and device for treating fluids for delivery using at least one organic coagulant.
Descripción del estado de la técnica. Description of the state of the art.
En el estado de la técnica existen diferentes tipos de métodos de tratamiento de fluidos y de dispositivos para el tratamiento de fluidos para suministro, como los divulgados en los documentos de patente CN2042745U y US20070102337A1, y en las divulgaciones no patente “Laboratorio purificando con moringa” (link: https://www.voutube.com/watch?v:::j Z7mj5iZC)k) y “Tratamiento del agua a base de semillas de moringa” (link: htps://www.vouriibe.conVwatch? v:::7K9veeFx sw) . En la divulgación titulada “Laboratorio purificando con moringa” se evidencia un experimento con varios ensayos para purificar agua con semillas de moringa, el ensayo incluye purificar agua de lluvia con polvo o pasta de semillas de moringa en un vaso y purificar agua de lluvia con semillas de moringa en un vaso aparte. El primer ensayo comprende los pasos de moler o triturar semillas secas de moringa hasta obtener una pasta o un polvo dependiendo del grado de humedad que tengan las semillas. Este polvo o pasta se vierte en un vaso con agua y se agita rápidamente durante dos minutos con la finalidad de estimular los ingredientes activos obteniendo un fluido mezclado. Posteriormente se agrega este fluido mezclado en un vaso el cual contiene agua de lluvia. In the state of the art, there are different types of fluid treatment methods and fluid treatment devices for supply, such as those disclosed in patent documents CN2042745U and US20070102337A1, and in non-patent disclosures "Laboratory purifying with moringa" (link: https://www.voutube.com/watch?v ::: j Z7mj5iZC) k) and “Treatment of water based on moringa seeds” (link: htps: //www.vouriibe.conVwatch? v ::: 7K9veeFx sw). In the disclosure entitled "Laboratory purifying with moringa" an experiment with several tests to purify water with moringa seeds is evidenced, the test includes purifying rainwater with powder or paste of moringa seeds in a glass and purifying rainwater with seeds moringa in a separate glass. The first test involves the steps of grinding or crushing dry moringa seeds until a paste or powder is obtained depending on the degree of humidity of the seeds. This powder or paste is poured into a glass with water and stirred quickly for two minutes in order to stimulate the active ingredients, obtaining a mixed fluid. Later this mixed fluid is added in a glass which contains rain water.
El segundo ensayo comprende un vaso con agua lluvia y este vaso se le agrega las semillas de moringa sin moler. Al primer ensayo y al segundo ensayo se agitan los vasos por un tiempo determinado de dos minutos a pocas revoluciones hasta que el agua lluvia deje de moverse. Se deja en estanqueidad aproximadamente 45 minutos para luego ser filtrado. The second trial comprises a glass with rain water and this glass is added to the unmilled moringa seeds. In the first test and the second test, the glasses are shaken for a specified time of two minutes at a few revolutions until the rainwater stops moving. It is left in seal for approximately 45 minutes and then filtered.
El proceso de filtración se hace mediante un tubo de PVC el cual comprende tres etapas de filtración dispuestas en serie, y la función de la segunda y la tercera etapa es filtrar las partículas que no se lograron filtrar en la primera etapa. Después del proceso de filtración, se observa como el agua lluvia ha cambiado su color asemejándose al agua potable. The filtration process is done using a PVC tube which comprises three filtration stages arranged in series, and the function of the second and third stages is to filter out the particles that were not able to filter in the first stage. After the filtration process, it is observed how rainwater has changed its color, resembling drinking water.
Por otra parte, la divulgación titulada“Tratamiento del agua a base de semillas de moringa” evidencia un proceso y dispositivo para el tratamiento de agua a base de semillas de moringa. El proceso inicia cuando se tritura las semillas de moringa y se disuelve en una cantidad de agua desmineralizada o destilada. On the other hand, the disclosure entitled "Treatment of water based on moringa seeds" evidences a process and device for the treatment of water based on moringa seeds. The process begins when the moringa seeds are crushed and dissolved in a quantity of demineralized or distilled water.
El dispositivo comprende un primer tanque el cual esta elevado a una altura de tres metros y comprende un primer filtro y dos salidas. El filtro se encuentra próximo a la primera salida la cual conecta a un segundo tanque. La segunda salida se encuentra en el fondo del primer tanque en donde se eliminan partículas pesadas. The device comprises a first tank which is elevated to a height of three meters and comprises a first filter and two outlets. The filter is close to the first outlet which connects to a second tank. The second outlet is at the bottom of the first tank where heavy particles are removed.
La mezcla de triturado de semillas de moringa y agua desmineralizada se vierten en el segundo tanque donde posteriormente se agita a velocidades no constantes durante un tiempo determinado, luego de agitar se deja en estanqueidad durante un tiempo de 90 minutos. The crushed mixture of moringa seeds and demineralized water are poured into the second tank where it is subsequently stirred at non-constant speeds for a certain time, after stirring it is left in seal for a time of 90 minutes.
Posteriormente, a los 90 minutos después de agitar todos los competentes se abre una electroválvula, lo cual permite el paso del fluido obtenido en el segundo tanque pasa hacia un filtro el cual comprende carbón activado. Subsequently, 90 minutes after stirring all the competent, a solenoid valve opens, which allows the passage of the fluid obtained in the second tank to a filter which includes activated carbon.
Por otro lado, el documento patente CN2042745U divulga un dispositivo para el espesamiento de lodos y sedimentación de coagulación en una ranura en V. El dispositivo comprende una cámara de reacción, una cámara de decantación de placa de ranura en V y cámara de distribución de agua. El dispositivo funciona mezclando agua cruda (lodo) con coagulante formando un floculo facilitando así la separación y precipitación de cuerpos sólidos. La mezcla se dirige ascendentemente a un filtro de arena de cuarzo con una capa de antracita. El excedente de la mezcla que no se logró filtrar se precipita hacia la ranura en V y posteriormente se elimina mediante un ducto de salida. On the other hand, patent document CN2042745U discloses a device for sludge thickening and coagulation sedimentation in a V-groove. The device comprises a reaction chamber, a V-groove plate settling chamber and a water distribution chamber. . The device works by mixing raw water (sludge) with coagulant forming a flocculation, thus facilitating the separation and precipitation of solid bodies. The mixture is directed upwards to a quartz sand filter with a layer of anthracite. The excess of the mixture that could not be filtered is precipitated into the V-groove and is subsequently eliminated through an outlet duct.
Finalmente, el documento de patente US20070102337A1 divulga un sistema de filtración de lecho profundo el cual comprende un filtro de lecho profundo que comprende un recipiente, el cual tiene una entrada de fluido y una salida de fluido. El recipiente puede ser cualquier recipiente que pueda funcionar como un filtro, la entrada del recipiente está controlada por una válvula y la salida también está controlada por una válvula. Finally, patent document US20070102337A1 discloses a deep bed filter system which comprises a deep bed filter comprising a container, which has a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. The container can be any container that can function as a filter, the inlet of the container is controlled by a valve, and the outlet is also controlled by a valve.
El interior del recipiente comprende una pluralidad de filtros. La pluralidad de filtros incluye una capa de arena y una capa de partículas poliméricas. Estas dos capas se mezclan obteniendo una capa intermedia. The interior of the container comprises a plurality of filters. The plurality of filters includes a layer of sand and a layer of polymeric particles. These two layers are mixed obtaining an intermediate layer.
El fluido a tratar puede pasar de la salida del recipiente a la entrada del recipiente o viceversa, lo importante es que pase por la capa intermedia. The fluid to be treated can pass from the outlet of the container to the inlet of the container or vice versa, the important thing is that it passes through the intermediate layer.
En el estado del arte, las divulgaciones se limitan a filtrar el fluido y tratarlo mediante filtros sin tener en cuenta si el fluido tratado es óptimo para un posible consumo humano o ser suministrado en algún proceso que requiera unos estándares de calidad. In the state of the art, the disclosures are limited to filtering the fluid and treating it through filters without taking into account if the treated fluid is optimal for possible human consumption or to be supplied in a process that requires quality standards.
Breve descripción de la invención Brief description of the invention
La presente invención corresponde a un método y a un dispositivo para el tratamiento de fluidos para suministro. El dispositivo para el tratamiento de fluidos comprende un recipiente con una primera salida y una segunda salida, donde la primera salida se localiza proximal al fondo del recipiente. También, un agitador localizado al interior del recipiente y un sistema de filtración conectado a la segunda salida del recipiente. El método para el tratamiento de fluidos comprende los pasos de a) agitar durante un tiempo entre 10 segundos a 20 segundos y como mínimo entre 20 RPM a 100 RPM el fluido con un coagulante orgánico para obtener una mezcla homogénea, b) agitar la mezcla homogénea obtenida en la etapa a) durante un tiempo entre 10 minutos a 15 minutos y como mínimo entre 5 RPM a 20 RPM hasta lograr la floculación de la mezcla homogénea, c) suspender la agitación de la etapa b) y dejar la mezcla homogénea en estanqueidad durante un tiempo entre 5 minutos a 10 minutos hasta que la mezcla homogénea tenga como máximo entre 5 a 10 unidades nefelométricas de turbidez (NTU) d) filtrar la mezcla homogénea de la etapa c) hasta que el fluido tenga como máximo entre uno a dos unidades nefelométricas de turbidez (NTU), donde en la etapa c) se obtiene una fase líquida y una fase sólida. Breve descripción de las figuras The present invention corresponds to a method and a device for the treatment of fluids for supply. The fluid treatment device comprises a container with a first outlet and a second outlet, where the first outlet is located proximal to the bottom of the container. Also, a stirrer located inside the container and a filtration system connected to the second outlet of the container. The method for the treatment of fluids comprises the steps of a) shaking the fluid with an organic coagulant for a time between 10 seconds to 20 seconds and at least between 20 RPM to 100 RPM to obtain a homogeneous mixture, b) shaking the homogeneous mixture obtained in step a) for a time between 10 minutes to 15 minutes and at least between 5 RPM to 20 RPM until the flocculation of the homogeneous mixture is achieved, c) suspend the agitation of step b) and leave the mixture homogeneous sealing for 5 minutes to 10 minutes until the homogeneous mixture has a maximum of 5 to 10 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) d) filter the homogeneous mixture from step c) until the fluid has a maximum of one to two nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), where in stage c) a liquid phase and a solid phase are obtained. Brief description of the figures
• La FIG. 1 corresponde a una vista isométrica del dispositivo para el tratamiento de fluidos para suministro. · La FIG. 2 corresponde a la vista frontal con un corte transversal del recipiente evidenciando el agitador en su interior. • FIG. 1 corresponds to an isometric view of the device for the treatment of fluids for supply. · FIG. 2 corresponds to the front view with a cross section of the container showing the stirrer inside.
• La FIG: 3 corresponde a la vista frontal del dispositivo evidenciando la primera sección de tubería y el sistema de filtración. • FIG: 3 corresponds to the front view of the device showing the first section of pipe and the filtration system.
• La FIG. 4 corresponde al método del tratamiento de fluidos en el que se suministrar un coagulante orgánico al interior del recipiente y posterior agitación. · La FIG. 5 corresponde a la extracción del fluido obtenido en el recipiente el cual pasa por el sistema de filtración. • FIG. 4 corresponds to the method of fluid treatment in which an organic coagulant is supplied to the interior of the container and subsequent agitation. · FIG. 5 corresponds to the extraction of the fluid obtained in the container which passes through the filtration system.
Descripción detallada de la invención La presente invención divulga un método y un dispositivo para el tratamiento de fluidos para suministro utilizando al menos un coagulante orgánico con la finalidad de obtener un fluido con al menos dos unidades nefelométricas de turbidez (NTU). Detailed description of the invention The present invention discloses a method and a device for the treatment of fluids for supply using at least one organic coagulant in order to obtain a fluid with at least two nephelometric turbidity units (NTU).
En relación al dispositivo y haciendo referencia a las FIG. 1, a la FIG. 2 y a la FIG. 3, el dispositivo para el tratamiento de fluidos comprende un recipiente (1) con una primera salida (Ib) y una segunda salida (le). Fa primera salida (Ib) se localiza proximal al fondo del recipiente (1). También, un agitador (2) localizado al interior del recipiente (1) y un sistema de filtración (3) conectado a la segunda salida (le) del recipiente (1). In relation to the device and referring to FIG. 1, to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the device for the treatment of fluids comprises a container (1) with a first outlet (Ib) and a second outlet (le). The first outlet (Ib) is located proximal to the bottom of the container (1). Also, a stirrer (2) located inside the container (1) and a filtration system (3) connected to the second outlet (le) of the container (1).
El recipiente (1) permite alojar un fluido a tratar, particularmente fluidos con unidades nefelométricas de turbidez alta (NTU) (mayores a 4 NTU). Se entenderá en la presente invención que las unidades nefelométricas de turbidez (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit, NTU por sus siglas en inglés) se refiere al grado de transparencia que pierde el agua o algún líquido por la presencia de partículas en suspensión, a mayor cantidad de solidos suspendidos presentes en un fluido, mayor será el grado de turbidez. The container (1) allows to lodge a fluid to be treated, particularly fluids with high turbidity nephelometric units (NTU) (greater than 4 NTU). It will be understood in the present invention that the Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU) refers to the degree of transparency that water or liquid loses due to the presence of particles in suspension, to a greater amount of solids suspended present in a fluid, the greater the degree of turbidity.
Se entenderá en la presente invención que un fluido puede ser agua natural, agua salada, agua turbia, algún fluido con presencia de químicos, aguas residuales, aguas estancadas o cualquier fluido turbio que tenga más de dos unidades nefelométricas de turbidez. It will be understood in the present invention that a fluid can be natural water, salt water, cloudy water, some fluid with the presence of chemicals, wastewater, standing water or any cloudy fluid that has more than two nephelometric turbidity units.
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 2, en una modalidad de la invención, el recipiente (1) tiene una geometría seleccionada entre cónica, cabezal toriesférico, esférico, de cabecera (dished head, en inglés) plano, cónico y combinaciones de los anteriores. El recipiente (1), preferiblemente tiene un fondo cónico debido a que permite distribuir mejor los sólidos suspendidos al momento de tratar el fluido turbio con un coagulante orgánico (22). También, en el fondo cónico se conecta la segunda salida (le) en la cual permite retirar los sólidos pesados posterior al tratamiento del fluido con coagulante orgánico (22). Referring to FIG. 2, in an embodiment of the invention, the container (1) has a geometry selected from conical, torispheric, spherical, flat head, conical and combinations of the foregoing. The container (1) preferably has a conical bottom because it allows to better distribute the suspended solids when treating the cloudy fluid with an organic coagulant (22). Also, in the conical bottom the second outlet (le) is connected, in which it is possible to remove the heavy solids after the treatment of the fluid with organic coagulant (22).
El recipiente (1) es abierto a la atmósfera y tiene una capacidad entre 5F y 500F. En una modalidad de la invención, el recipiente (1) es de un material que se selecciona entre acero al carbono, fundiciones de hierro, hierro galvanizado, aceros al cromo, aceros al cromo-níquel, aceros al cromo-níquel-titanio, aleación de níquel-cromo- molibdeno-tungsteno, aleaciones ferrosas al cromo-molibdeno, acero inoxidable 301, acero inoxidable 302, acero inoxidable 304, acero inoxidable 316, acero inoxidable 405, acero inoxidable 410, acero inoxidable 430, acero inoxidable 442, acero aleado con manganeso y combinaciones de los anteriores. En una modalidad de la invención, el recipiente (1) es de acero inoxidable 304, se selecciona este material debido a su resistencia a la corrosión, por ejemplo, si el fluido a tratar es agua turbia con presencia de mercurio, este fluido no afectaría ni comprometería el acero seleccionado ni tampoco lo oxidaría, es importante detallar que al no oxidarse tan rápido como otros metales, no habría posibilidad de encontrar partículas suspendidas del acero inoxidable en el fluido a tratar. The container (1) is open to the atmosphere and has a capacity between 5F and 500F. In an embodiment of the invention, the container (1) is made of a material selected from carbon steel, cast iron, galvanized iron, chrome steels, chrome-nickel steels, chrome-nickel-titanium steels, alloy nickel-chrome- molybdenum-tungsten, chrome-molybdenum ferrous alloys, 301 stainless steel, 302 stainless steel, 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel, 405 stainless steel, 410 stainless steel, 430 stainless steel, 442 stainless steel, manganese alloy steel and combinations of the previous ones. In an embodiment of the invention, the container (1) is made of 304 stainless steel, this material is selected due to its resistance to corrosion, for example, if the fluid to be treated is cloudy water with the presence of mercury, this fluid would not affect It would not compromise the selected steel nor would it oxidize it, it is important to detail that since it does not oxidize as fast as other metals, there would be no possibility of finding suspended particles of stainless steel in the fluid to be treated.
Adicionalmente, el recipiente (1) es de un material plástico que se selecciona entre polimetilmetracilato (PMMA), policloruro de vinilo (PVC, por sus siglas en inglés); de policloruro de vinilo clorado (CPVC, por sus siglas en inglés); polietileno teréftalato (PET, por sus siglas en inglés), poliamidas (PA) (v.g. PA12, PA6, PA66); policlorotrifluoretileno (PCTFE, por sus siglas en inglés); polifluoruro de vinilideno (PVDF, por sus siglas en inglés); politetrafluoruro de etileno (PTFE, por sus siglas en inglés); etileno-clorotrifluoroetileno (ECTFE, por sus siglas en inglés); plásticos (resinas poliéster, vinilester, epóxicas, vinílicas) reforzados con fibras (v.g. de vidrio, aramida, poliéster), polietileno reticulado (PEX). También, el recipiente (1) es de un material cerámico que se selecciona entre concreto, concreto reforzado con armadura metálica. Additionally, the container (1) is made of a plastic material that is selected from polymethylmetracylate (PMMA), polyvinylchloride (PVC); Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC); polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamides (PA) (eg PA12, PA6, PA66); polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE); vinylidene polyfluoride (PVDF); ethylene polytetrafluoride (PTFE); ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE); fiber-reinforced plastics (polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, vinyl resins) (e.g. glass, aramid, polyester), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX). Also, the container (1) is made of a ceramic material that is selected from concrete, reinforced concrete with metallic reinforcement.
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 2 y a la FIG. 3, el recipiente (1) tiene una segunda salida (le) conectada en el fondo del recipiente (1). Como se describió anteriormente, la segunda salida (le) permite retirar sólidos pesados posteriores al tratamiento del fluido a tratar. Proximal a la segunda salida (le) se dispone una segunda sección de tubería (21) la cual permite dirigir los sólidos pesados a otro proceso de captación o dejarlo abierto a la atmósfera. En la segunda sección de tubería (21) se dispone de una cuarta válvula (19) que permite regular el flujo y el caudal de los sólidos pesados provenientes del recipiente (1). Referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the container (1) has a second outlet (le) connected at the bottom of the container (1). As described above, the second outlet (you) allows you to remove heavy solids after treatment of the fluid to be treated. Proximal to the second outlet (le) there is a second section of pipe (21) which allows directing the heavy solids to another collection process or leaving it open to the atmosphere. In the second pipe section (21) there is a fourth valve (19) that allows regulating the flow and flow of heavy solids from the container (1).
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 2 y a la FIG. 4, el recipiente (1) tiene una entrada (la) y una primera salida (Ib), la entrada (la) se encuentra abierta a la atmosfera con la finalidad de permitir ingresar fluido a tratar con un coagulante orgánico (22) y la primera salida (Ib) permite la salida del fluido tratado después del método de tratamiento (más adelante se describirá detalladamente el método de tratamiento de fluidos). Referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 4, the container (1) has an inlet (la) and a first outlet (Ib), the inlet (la) is open to the atmosphere with the In order to allow fluid to be treated with an organic coagulant (22) to enter and the first outlet (Ib) to allow the treated fluid to exit after the treatment method (the fluid treatment method will be described in detail later).
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 2, la primera salida (Ib) se localiza proximal al fondo del recipiente (1) de tal manera que después de tratado el fluido, la primera salida (Ib) permita la extracción del fluido tratado. La primera salida (Ib) se localiza proximal al fondo del recipiente (1) y distal a la segunda salida (le) con la finalidad de extraer la mayor cantidad de fluido tratado presente en el la cantidad total de fluido ingresado por la entrada (la), sin extraer los sólidos pesados presentes después del tratamiento del fluido, que como se describió anteriormente, se extraen por la segunda salida (le). Referring to FIG. 2, the first outlet (Ib) is located proximal to the bottom of the container (1) in such a way that after the fluid has been treated, the first outlet (Ib) allows the extraction of the treated fluid. The first outlet (Ib) is located proximal to the bottom of the container (1) and distal to the second outlet (le) in order to extract the largest amount of treated fluid present in the total amount of fluid entered by the inlet (the ), without extracting the heavy solids present after the fluid treatment, which as described above, are extracted through the second outlet (le).
En una modalidad de la invención, proximal a la primera salida (Ib) se dispone una primera sección de tubería (20) la cual permite acoplar un sistema de filtración (3) con la finalidad de filtrar partículas relativamente pequeñas. In an embodiment of the invention, proximal to the first outlet (Ib), a first section of pipe (20) is provided which allows coupling a filtration system (3) in order to filter relatively small particles.
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 3, el sistema de filtración (3) comprende una primer filtro (3a) un segundo filtro (3b) y un tercer filtro (3c), donde los tres filtros (3a, 3b y 3c) se disponen serie, aunque en una modalidad (no ilustrada), los filtros se disponen en paralelo. Referring to FIG. 3, the filtration system (3) comprises a first filter (3a), a second filter (3b) and a third filter (3c), where the three filters (3a, 3b and 3c) are arranged serially, although in an embodiment ( not illustrated), the filters are arranged in parallel.
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 3, preferiblemente, se disponen los tres filtros (3a, 3b y 3c) en serie, permitiendo al fluido tratado fluir por cada uno de los tres filtros (3a, 3b y 3c) de manera progresiva y secuencial, logrando así una mejor captación de partículas en cada uno de los filtros. El objetivo de los tres filtros (3a, 3b y 3c) es lograr obtener un fluido tratado con máximo dos unidades nefelométricas de turbidez (NTU). Referring to FIG. 3, preferably, the three filters (3a, 3b and 3c) are arranged in series, allowing the treated fluid to flow through each of the three filters (3a, 3b and 3c) in a progressive and sequential way, thus achieving a better capture of particles in each of the filters. The objective of the three filters (3a, 3b and 3c) is to obtain a fluid treated with a maximum of two nephelometric turbidity units (NTU).
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 1 y a la FIG. 3, preferiblemente, la primera sección de tubería (20) comprende una primera válvula (16), una segunda válvula (17) y una tercera válvula (18). Las tres válvulas (16, 17 y 18) se disponen de la siguiente manera siempre y cuando los tres filtros (3a, 3b y 3c) se dispongan en serie, la primera válvula (16) se dispone antes del primer filtro (3a) y después de la primera salida (Ib), la segunda válvula (17) se dispone después del primer filtro (3a) y antes del segundo filtro (3b); y la tercera válvula (18) se dispone después del tercer filtro (3c). La tercera válvula (18) permite cerrar toda la primera sección de tubería (20) si las otras dos válvulas (16 y 17) están abiertas. Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, preferably, the first pipe section (20) comprises a first valve (16), a second valve (17) and a third valve (18). The three valves (16, 17 and 18) are arranged as follows as long as the three filters (3a, 3b and 3c) are arranged in series, the first valve (16) is arranged before the first filter (3a) and after the first outlet (Ib), the second valve (17) is arranged after the first filter (3a) and before the second filter (3b); and the third valve (18) is arranged after the third filter (3c). The third valve (18) allows the entire first section of pipe (20) to be closed if the other two valves (16 and 17) are open.
En una modalidad de la invención, después de la tercera válvula (18), el fluido tratado puede ser usado o suministrado en diferentes procesos de riego o para el consumo humano, consumo doméstico, medicina veterinaria, medicina humana para casos de intoxicación, en el tratamiento de aguas residuales, clarificación de jarabe de azúcar entre otros. In an embodiment of the invention, after the third valve (18), the treated fluid can be used or supplied in different irrigation processes or for human consumption, domestic consumption, veterinary medicine, human medicine for cases of intoxication, in the wastewater treatment, clarification of sugar syrup among others.
En una modalidad no ilustrada, se dispone de una bomba conectada a la tercera válvula (18) la cual permite succionar el fluido alojado al interior del recipiente (1) para luego pasar por los tres filtros (3a, 3b, 3c). La bomba se selecciona entre bombas de engranes, bombas de aspa, bombas de tomillo, bombas de cavidad progresiva, bombas de lóbulo o bomba de levas, bombas peristálticas, bombas reciprocantes, bombas centrifugas, bomba dúplex, bomba de diafragma, bomba de doble diafragma, bombas dilaceradoras u otras bombas equivalentes conocidos por una persona versada en la materia técnica. In an embodiment not illustrated, a pump is connected to the third valve (18) which allows the fluid housed inside the container (1) to be sucked and then to pass through the three filters (3a, 3b, 3c). The pump is selected from gear pumps, vane pumps, thyme pumps, progressive cavity pumps, lobe or cam pump, peristaltic pumps, reciprocating pumps, centrifugal pumps, duplex pump, diaphragm pump, double diaphragm pump , dilator pumps or other equivalent pumps known to a person skilled in the art.
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 3, en una modalidad de la invención, el primer filtro (3a) contiene en su interior antracita. La antracita es un material cuyas propiedades permite clarificar un fluido turbio o sucio. El motivo por el cual el primer filtro (3a) contiene antracita es debido a que la antracita contiene una serie de granos que permiten a las partículas en suspensión presentes en el fluido a clarificar sean retenidos en la antracita. En comparación con la arena, la antracita permite un mayor flujo, menos caída de presión y mejor retrolavado. Referring to FIG. 3, in an embodiment of the invention, the first filter (3a) contains anthracite inside. Anthracite is a material whose properties allow clarifying a cloudy or dirty fluid. The reason why the first filter (3a) contains anthracite is because the anthracite contains a series of grains that allow the suspended particles present in the fluid to be clarified to be retained in the anthracite. Compared to sand, anthracite allows for greater flow, less pressure drop and better backwash.
Se entenderá en la presente invención, que el retrolavado es un proceso de limpieza que sufre la antracita en un momento determinado con la finalidad de eliminar y erradicar suciedad presente en la misma. Por ejemplo, para retrolavar el primer filtro (3a), se debe aplicar un fluido (preferiblemente sin sólidos suspendidos) en contraflujo de la dirección del fluido a tratar. It will be understood in the present invention, that the backwash is a cleaning process that anthracite undergoes at a certain time in order to remove and eradicate dirt present therein. For example, to backwash the first filter (3a), a fluid (preferably without suspended solids) must be applied in counterflow from the direction of the fluid to be treated.
En una modalidad de la invención, el segundo filtro (3b) contiene en su interior arena. La arena permite filtrar partículas de hasta de veinte mieras de tamaño y el motivo por el cual se dispone después del primer fdtro (3a) es debido a que la arena hace caer la presión en el interior de la primera sección de tubería (20). In an embodiment of the invention, the second filter (3b) contains sand inside. The sand allows to filter particles of up to twenty microns in size and the reason why Which is arranged after the first filter (3a) is because the sand drops the pressure inside the first section of pipe (20).
En una modalidad de la invención, la arena del segundo filtro (3b) se selecciona entre arena sílice, grava cuarcitica, microsilice o combinaciones de las anteriores. Por ejemplo, en el caso donde el segundo filtro (3b) contenga en su interior arena sílice, ésta permite la retención de los flóculos de tamaños pequeños que no son separados en el método de tratamiento que se lleva al interior del recipiente (1). In an embodiment of the invention, the sand from the second filter (3b) is selected from silica sand, quartzite gravel, microsilice or combinations of the above. For example, in the case where the second filter (3b) contains silica sand inside, it allows the retention of the flocs of small sizes that are not separated in the treatment method that is carried inside the container (1).
En una modalidad de la invención, el tercer filtro (3c) contiene en su interior carbón activado. El carbón activado es un mineral que permite la eliminación de cloro y compuestos orgánicos presentes en el fluido tratado previamente en el primer filtro (3a) y en el segundo filtro (3b). La retención de las partículas es igual que en el segundo filtro (3b). In an embodiment of the invention, the third filter (3c) contains activated carbon inside. Activated carbon is a mineral that allows the removal of chlorine and organic compounds present in the fluid previously treated in the first filter (3a) and in the second filter (3b). The retention of the particles is the same as in the second filter (3b).
En una modalidad de la invención, el carbón activado del tercer filtro (3c) se selecciona entre la familia de los adsorbentes carbonáceos. Para escoger el tipo de adsorbente se debe tener en cuenta que se quiere tratar, por ejemplo, si es para consumo humano, consumo doméstico, medicina veterinaria, medicina humana para casos de intoxicación, en el tratamiento de aguas residuales, clarificación de jarabe de azúcar entre otros. In one embodiment of the invention, the activated carbon of the third filter (3c) is selected from the family of carbonaceous adsorbents. To choose the type of adsorbent, it must be taken into account that you want to treat, for example, if it is for human consumption, domestic consumption, veterinary medicine, human medicine for cases of intoxication, in the treatment of wastewater, clarification of sugar syrup among others.
En una modalidad de la invención, la primera sección de tubería (20) y la segunda sección de tubería (21) tienen un diámetro seleccionado entre 0,0 lm y 0,9m. El diámetro de la primera sección de tubería (20) y la segunda sección de tubería (21) se selecciona dependiendo de que caudal quiere el usuario. Se debe entender que el caudal también está ligado a la apertura parcial o total de las válvulas (16, 17, 18 y 19). In an embodiment of the invention, the first pipe section (20) and the second pipe section (21) have a diameter selected between 0.0 lm and 0.9m. The diameter of the first pipe section (20) and the second pipe section (21) is selected depending on what flow the user wants. It should be understood that the flow is also linked to the partial or total opening of the valves (16, 17, 18 and 19).
Por otro lado, en una modalidad de la invención, la primera sección de tubería (20) y la segunda sección de tubería (21) tienen una sección transversal que se selecciona del grupo que comprende secciones circulares, triangulares, rectangulares, cuadradas, hexagonales, poligonales, tubulares, formas regulares, formas irregulares, o cada uno de los polígonos que se forman o limitan un poliedro. De igual manera, la primera sección de tubería (20) y la segunda sección de tubería (21) son de un material que se seleccionan entre acero al carbono, fundiciones de hierro, hierro galvanizado, aceros al cromo, aceros al cromo-níquel, aceros al cromo-níquel- titanio, aleación de níquel-cromo-molibdeno-tungsteno, aleaciones ferrosas al cromo- molibdeno, acero inoxidable 301, acero inoxidable 302, acero inoxidable 304, acero inoxidable 316, acero inoxidable 405, acero inoxidable 410, acero inoxidable 430, acero inoxidable 442, acero aleado con manganeso y combinaciones de los anteriores. También, la primera sección de tubería (20) y la segunda sección de tubería (21) son de un material plástico que se seleccionan entre polimetilmetracilato (PMMA), policloruro de vinilo (PVC, por sus siglas en inglés); de policloruro de vinilo clorado (CPVC, por sus siglas en inglés); polietileno teréftalato (PET, por sus siglas en inglés), poliamidas (PA) (v.g. PA12, PA6, PA66); policlorotrifluoretileno (PCTFE, por sus siglas en inglés); polifluoruro de vinilideno (PVDF, por sus siglas en inglés); politetrafluoruro de etileno (PTFE, por sus siglas en inglés); etileno-clorotrifluoroetileno (ECTFE, por sus siglas en inglés); plásticos (resinas poliéster, vinilester, epóxicas, vinílicas) reforzados con fibras (v.g. de vidrio, aramida, poliéster), polietileno reticulado (PEX). También, la primera sección de tubería (20) y la segunda sección de tubería (21) son de un material cerámico que se selecciona entre concreto, concreto reforzado con armadura metálica. On the other hand, in an embodiment of the invention, the first pipe section (20) and the second pipe section (21) have a cross section that is selected from the group comprising circular, triangular, rectangular, square, hexagonal sections, polygonal, tubular, regular shapes, irregular shapes, or each of the polygons that form or limit a polyhedron. Similarly, the first pipe section (20) and the second pipe section (21) are made of a material selected from carbon steel, cast iron, galvanized iron, chrome steels, chrome-nickel steels, chrome-nickel-titanium steels, nickel-chrome-molybdenum-tungsten alloy, ferro-chrome-molybdenum alloys, 301 stainless steel, 302 stainless steel, 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel, 405 stainless steel, 410 stainless steel, steel 430 stainless, 442 stainless steel, manganese alloyed steel and combinations of the above. Also, the first section of pipe (20) and the second section of pipe (21) are made of a plastic material that is selected from polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyvinylchloride (PVC); Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC); polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamides (PA) (eg PA12, PA6, PA66); polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE); vinylidene polyfluoride (PVDF); ethylene polytetrafluoride (PTFE); ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE); fiber-reinforced plastics (polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, vinyl resins) (eg glass, aramid, polyester), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX). Also, the first pipe section (20) and the second pipe section (21) are made of a ceramic material that is selected from concrete, reinforced concrete with metal reinforcement.
Por otra parte, en una modalidad de la invención la primera válvula (16), segunda válvula (17), tercera válvula (18) y la cuarta válvula (19) se seleccionan entre válvulas de retención, válvulas de compuerta, válvulas de bola o válvula esférica, válvula de seguridad o de alivio de presión, válvula de globo (o de asiento), válvula mariposa, válvula de diafragma, válvula rotatoria, válvula antirretomo, como por ejemplo válvula de clapeta oscilante, válvula de muelle, válvula de pistón, válvula de retención de bola o cualquier válvula conocida por una persona medianamente versada en la materia. Preferiblemente, la válvula seleccionada para las cuatro válvulas (16, 17, 18, yl9) son válvulas de bola debido a que estas permiten a un usuario graduar fácilmente que cantidad de flujo desea que pasen entre las válvulas. On the other hand, in an embodiment of the invention the first valve (16), second valve (17), third valve (18) and the fourth valve (19) are selected from check valves, gate valves, ball valves or ball valve, pressure relief or safety valve, globe (or seat) valve, butterfly valve, diaphragm valve, rotary valve, non-return valve, such as swing valve, spring valve, piston valve, ball check valve or any valve known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. Preferably, the valve selected for the four valves (16, 17, 18, and 19) are ball valves because they allow a user to easily gauge how much flow he wants to pass between the valves.
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 1, a la FIG: 2 y a la FIG: 4A, el recipiente (1) tiene un agitador (2) localizado en su interior, el cual se encarga de agitar el fluido a tratar con el coagulante orgánico (22) hasta obtener una mezcla homogénea. El agitador (2) comprende una hélice (7), un primer eje (8) con un primer extremo (8a) y un segundo extremo (8b), un mecanismo de transmisión de potencia (9), donde el mecanismo de transmisión de potencia comprende un primer engranaje (10), un segundo engranaje (11), un segundo eje (12) y una manivela (13). Referring to FIG. 1, to FIG: 2 and to FIG: 4A, the container (1) has a stirrer (2) located inside, which is responsible for stirring the fluid to be treated with the organic coagulant (22) until obtaining a mixture homogeneous. The agitator (2) comprises a propeller (7), a first shaft (8) with a first end (8a) and a second end (8b), a power transmission mechanism (9), where the power transmission mechanism it comprises a first gear (10), a second gear (11), a second shaft (12) and a crank (13).
La hélice (7) se selecciona entre hélices, hélices de paso fijo, hélices de paso variable, hélices de paso controlable, hélices para toberas, rueda tipo paleta, hélices bipala de paletas planas o cualquier hélice conocida por una persona medianamente versada en la materia. The propeller (7) is selected from propellers, fixed pitch propellers, variable pitch propellers, controllable pitch propellers, nozzle propellers, paddle wheel propellers, flat bladed twin bladed propellers or any propeller known to a person of ordinary skill in the art .
La hélice (7) se conecta al primer eje (8) a través del primer extremo (8a) mediante elementos de sujeción o elementos de unión. En una modalidad de la invención, los elementos de sujeción se seleccionan entre remaches, pernos, tomillos, pasadores, grapas, chavetas, pegantes o elementos equivalentes conocidos por una persona medianamente versada en la materia. Estos elementos de sujeción permiten a la héliceThe propeller (7) is connected to the first shaft (8) through the first end (8a) by means of fastening elements or connecting elements. In one embodiment of the invention, the fasteners are selected from rivets, bolts, screws, pins, staples, keys, glues, or equivalent elements known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. These clamping elements allow the propeller
(7) conectarse de manera fija al primer eje (8), y en el caso de eventual mantenimiento, se pueden separar estas dos partes. (7) connect in a fixed way to the first axis (8), and in the event of possible maintenance, these two parts can be separated.
En una modalidad de la invención no ilustrada, la hélice (7) se une al primer extremo (8a) mediante soldadura, y el extremo (8b) se conecta al mecanismo de transmisión de potencia (10) mediante elementos de sujeción. In an embodiment of the invention not illustrated, the propeller (7) is attached to the first end (8a) by welding, and the end (8b) is connected to the power transmission mechanism (10) by means of fasteners.
Los elementos de unión, se seleccionan entre soldadura química, soldadura por temperatura, soldadura por presión, soldadura por fricción, soldadura (v.g. SMAW, GMAW, GTAW, FCAW, y demás métodos aceptados por la American Welding Society), soldadura química (v.g. adhesivos epóxicos, metacrilatos, acríbeos, o combinaciones de los mismos). Estos elementos de unión son desventajosos a comparación de los elementos de sujeción debido a que como se unen fijamente, no existe la posibilidad de separarlos para un mantenimiento preventivo o correctivo. Bonding elements are selected from chemical welding, temperature welding, pressure welding, friction welding, welding (eg SMAW, GMAW, GTAW, FCAW, and other methods accepted by the American Welding Society), chemical welding (eg adhesives epoxies, methacrylates, acrylics, or combinations thereof). These connecting elements are disadvantageous compared to the fastening elements because as they are fixedly attached, there is no possibility of separating them for preventive or corrective maintenance.
El mecanismo de transmisión de potencia (9) se conecta al primer eje (8) a través del segundo extremo. El mecanismo de transmisión de potencia (9) se conecta al primer ejeThe power transmission mechanism (9) connects to the first shaft (8) through the second end. The power transmission mechanism (9) connects to the first axis
(8) con elementos de unión o de elementos de fijación, preferiblemente con elementos de fijación por las razones anteriormente descritas. En una modalidad de la invención, el mecanismo de transmisión de potencia se selecciona entre cables, cadenas de transmisión, correas o bandas de transmisión, poleas, poleas dentadas, engranajes, piñones, piñón-cadena, mecanismo de piñón y tomillo sin fin, mecanismo de cremallera, ruedas de fricción, discos de fricción, chavetas y ejes nervados, juntas cardán y juntas homocinéticas, árbol de levas y otros elementos de transmisión mecánica equivalentes conocidos por una persona versada en la materia técnica. (8) with connecting elements or fixing elements, preferably with fixing elements for the reasons previously described. In one embodiment of the invention, the power transmission mechanism is selected from cables, transmission chains, drive belts or belts, pulleys, toothed pulleys, gears, pinions, sprocket-chain, sprocket mechanism and worm gear, mechanism rack and pinion wheels, friction wheels, friction discs, splines and ribs, cardan joints and CV joints, camshafts and other equivalent mechanical transmission elements known to a person skilled in the art.
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 2, preferiblemente, el mecanismo de transmisión de potencia (9) es una transmisión por engranajes, el cual comprende un primer engranajeReferring to FIG. 2, preferably, the power transmission mechanism (9) is a gear transmission, which comprises a first gear
(10) y un segundo engranaje (11). El primer engranaje (10) se conecta al segundo extremo (8b) del primer eje (8) mediante elementos de sujeción. El segundo engranaje(10) and a second gear (11). The first gear (10) is connected to the second end (8b) of the first shaft (8) by means of fastening elements. The second gear
(11) entra en contacto con el primer engranaje (10) de manera tangencial, de tal manera que la dirección rotacional gire 90°. (11) contacts the first gear (10) tangentially, such that the rotational direction rotates 90 °.
En una modalidad de la invención, el primer engranaje (10) y el segundo engranaje (11) son engranajes seleccionados entre engranajes rectos, engranajes helicoidales, engranajes doble helicoidal y cualquier engranaje conocido por una persona medianamente versada en la materia. In one embodiment of the invention, the first gear (10) and the second gear (11) are gears selected from spur gears, worm gears, double helical gears and any gear known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Por otra parte, el segundo engranaje (11) se conecta a un segundo eje (12) mediante elementos de unión o elementos de sujeción, preferiblemente con elementos de fijación por las razones anteriormente descritas. On the other hand, the second gear (11) is connected to a second shaft (12) by means of connecting elements or clamping elements, preferably with fixing elements for the reasons previously described.
Al segundo eje (12) se conecta una fuente de potencia. La fuente de potencia se selecciona entre manivela (13), motor eléctrico, motor neumático, motor hidráulico o motor de combustión. A power source is connected to the second axis (12). The power source is selected from crank (13), electric motor, air motor, hydraulic motor or combustion motor.
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 2, en una modalidad de la invención, la fuente de potencia es una manivela (13) conectada al segundo eje (12). En esta modalidad, un usuario puede transmitir potencia a través de la manivela (13), la manivela (13) gira en sentido de las manecillas del reloj o al contrario. Posterior a que la manivela (13) comience a rotar, este movimiento rotacional se transfiere al segundo engranaje (11) donde debido al contacto tangencial que tiene con el primer engranaje (10) la dirección del giro cambia de 0o a 90°, permitiendo que el primer engranaje (10) transfiera este movimiento al primer eje (8) y este a la hélice (7) permitiendo agitar el fluido a tratar y de esta manera obtener una mezcla homogénea. Referring to FIG. 2, in an embodiment of the invention, the power source is a crank (13) connected to the second axis (12). In this mode, a user can transmit power through the crank (13), the crank (13) rotates clockwise or counterclockwise. After the crank (13) begins to rotate, this rotational movement is transferred to the second gear (11) where to the tangential contact it has with the first gear (10) the direction of rotation changes from 0 or 90 °, allowing the first gear (10) to transfer this movement to the first shaft (8) and this to the propeller (7) allowing shake the fluid to be treated and in this way obtain a homogeneous mixture.
En una modalidad de la invención no ilustrada, la manivela (13) puede reemplazarse por un motor eléctrico el cual se puede seleccionar entre motores de corriente alterna (v.g. motores sincrónicos trifásicos, motores asincronos sincronizados, motores con un rotor de imán permanente, motores monofásicos, motores bifásicos, motores con arranque auxiliar bobinado, motores con arranque auxiliar bobinado y con condensador), motores de corriente continua (v.g. motores de excitación en serie, motores de excitación en paralelo, motores de excitación compuesta). Adicionalmente, en una modalidad de la invención, el motor eléctrico se conecta al primer eje (8) en el segundo extremo (8b) In an embodiment of the invention not illustrated, the crank (13) can be replaced by an electric motor which can be selected from alternating current motors (eg three-phase synchronous motors, synchronous asynchronous motors, motors with a permanent magnet rotor, single-phase motors , two-phase motors, motors with wound auxiliary start, motors with wound auxiliary start and with capacitor), direct current motors (eg series excitation motors, parallel excitation motors, compound excitation motors). Additionally, in an embodiment of the invention, the electric motor is connected to the first shaft (8) at the second end (8b)
En una modalidad de la invención, la hélice (7), el primer eje (8), el primer engranaje (10), el segundo engranaje (11), el segundo eje (12) y la manivela (13) son de un material seleccionado entre acero al carbono, fundiciones de hierro, hierro galvanizado, aceros al cromo, aceros al cromo-níquel, aceros al cromo-níquel-titanio, aleación de níquel-cromo-molibdeno-tungsteno, aleaciones ferrosas al cromo-molibdeno, acero inoxidable 301, acero inoxidable 302, acero inoxidable 304, acero inoxidable 316, acero inoxidable 405, acero inoxidable 410, acero inoxidable 430, acero inoxidable 442, acero aleado con manganeso y combinaciones de los anteriores. También, la hélice (7), el primer eje (8), el primer engranaje (10), el segundo engranaje (11) y la manivela (13) son de un material plástico seleccionado entre polimetilmetracilato (PMMA), policloruro de vinilo (PVC, por sus siglas en inglés); de policloruro de vinilo clorado (CPVC, por sus siglas en inglés); polietileno teréftalato (PET, por sus siglas en inglés), poliamidas (PA) (v.g. PA12, PA6, PA66); policlorotrifluoretileno (PCTFE, por sus siglas en inglés); polifluoruro de vinilideno (PVDF, por sus siglas en inglés); politetrafluoruro de etileno (PTFE, por sus siglas en inglés); etileno-clorotrifluoroetileno (ECTFE, por sus siglas en inglés); plásticos (resinas poliéster, vinilester, epóxicas, vinílicas) reforzados con fibras (v.g. de vidrio, aramida, poliéster), polietileno reticulado (PEX). Preferiblemente, la hélice (7), el primer eje (8), y el segundo eje (12) son de acero inoxidable 304. Se selecciona este material debido a su resistencia a la corrosión, por ejemplo, si el agitador (2) va a agitar un fluido que tenga presencia de sal, este fluido no afectaría ni comprometería el acero seleccionado ni tampoco lo oxidaría. Es importante detallar que al no oxidarse tan rápido como otros metales, no habría posibilidad de encontrar partículas suspendidas del acero inoxidable en el fluido a tratar. In one embodiment of the invention, the propeller (7), the first shaft (8), the first gear (10), the second gear (11), the second shaft (12) and the crank (13) are made of a material selected from carbon steel, cast iron, galvanized iron, chrome steels, chrome-nickel steels, chrome-nickel-titanium steels, nickel-chrome-molybdenum-tungsten alloy, ferro-chrome-molybdenum alloys, stainless steel 301, 302 stainless steel, 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel, 405 stainless steel, 410 stainless steel, 430 stainless steel, 442 stainless steel, manganese alloy steel and combinations of the above. Also, the propeller (7), the first shaft (8), the first gear (10), the second gear (11) and the crank (13) are made of a plastic material selected from polymethylmetracylate (PMMA), polyvinylchloride ( PVC); Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC); polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamides (PA) (eg PA12, PA6, PA66); polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE); vinylidene polyfluoride (PVDF); ethylene polytetrafluoride (PTFE); ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE); fiber-reinforced plastics (polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, vinyl resins) (eg glass, aramid, polyester), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX). Preferably, the propeller (7), the first shaft (8), and the second shaft (12) are made of 304 stainless steel. This material is selected due to its resistance to corrosion, for example, if the stirrer (2) is When stirring a fluid that has the presence of salt, this fluid would not affect or compromise the selected steel or oxidize it. It is important to detail that since it does not oxidize as fast as other metals, there would be no possibility of finding suspended particles of stainless steel in the fluid to be treated.
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 1, el agitador (2) se conecta a una estructura de agitador (15) de manera fija, permitiendo que todos los elementos del agitador (2) puedan moverse sin sufrir desplazamientos horizontales. La estructura de agitador (15) se conecta al recipiente (1) en la entrada (la), preferiblemente la estructura de agitador (15) se conecta en el diámetro extemo del recipiente (1). Referring to FIG. 1, the stirrer (2) is connected to a stirrer structure (15) in a fixed manner, allowing all the elements of the stirrer (2) to move without undergoing horizontal displacements. The stirrer structure (15) connects to the container (1) at the inlet (la), preferably the stirrer structure (15) connects on the outer diameter of the container (1).
En una modalidad de la invención, la estructura de agitador (15) se construye conectado elementos estructurales de manera que se obtenga un arreglo estructural capaz de resistir la carga generada por el agitador (2) y lo movimientos que este genere. También, la estructura de agitador (15) es de un material seleccionado entre acero al carbono, fundiciones de hierro, hierro galvanizado, aceros al cromo, aceros al cromo-níquel, aceros al cromo-níquel-titanio, aleación de níquel-cromo-molibdeno-tungsteno, aleaciones ferrosas al cromo-molibdeno, acero inoxidable 301, acero inoxidable 302, acero inoxidable 304, acero inoxidable 316, acero inoxidable 405, acero inoxidable 410, acero inoxidable 430, acero inoxidable 442, acero aleado con manganeso y combinaciones de los anteriores. Adicionalmente, la estructura de agitador (15) es de un material plástico que se selecciona entre polimetilmetracilato (PMMA), policlomro de vinilo (PVC, por sus siglas en inglés); de policlomro de vinilo clorado (CPVC, por sus siglas en inglés); polietileno teréftalato (PET, por sus siglas en inglés), poliamidas (PA) (v.g. PA12, PA6, PA66); policlorotrifluoretileno (PCTFE, por sus siglas en inglés); polifluomro de vinilideno (PVDF, por sus siglas en inglés); politetrafluomro de etileno (PTFE, por sus siglas en inglés); etileno-clorotrifluoroetileno (ECTFE, por sus siglas en inglés); plásticos (resinas poliéster, vinilester, epóxicas, vinílicas) reforzados con fibras (v.g. de vidrio, aramida, poliéster), polietileno reticulado (PEX). In an embodiment of the invention, the agitator structure (15) is constructed by connecting structural elements so that a structural arrangement is obtained capable of resisting the load generated by the agitator (2) and the movements it generates. Also, the stirrer structure (15) is of a material selected from carbon steel, cast iron, galvanized iron, chrome steels, chrome-nickel steels, chrome-nickel-titanium steels, nickel-chrome alloy- molybdenum-tungsten, chrome-molybdenum ferrous alloys, 301 stainless steel, 302 stainless steel, 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel, 405 stainless steel, 410 stainless steel, 430 stainless steel, 442 stainless steel, manganese alloy steel and combinations of the previous ones. Additionally, the stirrer structure (15) is made of a plastic material that is selected from polymethylmetracylate (PMMA), polyvinyl vinyl (PVC); polychlorinated vinyl polychloride (CPVC); polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamides (PA) (eg PA12, PA6, PA66); polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE); vinylidene polyfluomer (PVDF); polytetrafluomer of ethylene (PTFE); ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE); fiber-reinforced plastics (polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, vinyl resins) (e.g. glass, aramid, polyester), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX).
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 1, en una modalidad de la invención, el dispositivo comprende una estructura del dispositivo (14) con la finalidad de soportar todo el peso dispositivo, adicionalmente, la estructura del dispositivo (14) se dispone sobre una superficie horizontal. Referring to FIG. 1, in an embodiment of the invention, the device comprises a structure of the device (14) in order to support all the weight device, additionally, the structure of the device (14) is arranged on a horizontal surface.
Se entenderá en la presente invención que una superficie horizontal se define si es perpendicular a la dirección de la gravedad. It will be understood in the present invention that a horizontal surface is defined if it is perpendicular to the direction of gravity.
En una modalidad de la invención, la estructura del dispositivo (14) se construye conectado elementos estructurales de manera que se obtenga un arreglo estructural capaz de resistir el peso del dispositivo. También, la estructura del dispositivo (14) es de un material seleccionado entre acero al carbono, fundiciones de hierro, hierro galvanizado, aceros al cromo, aceros al cromo-níquel, aceros al cromo-níquel-titanio, aleación de níquel-cromo-molibdeno-tungsteno, aleaciones ferrosas al cromo- molibdeno, acero inoxidable 301, acero inoxidable 302, acero inoxidable 304, acero inoxidable 316, acero inoxidable 405, acero inoxidable 410, acero inoxidable 430, acero inoxidable 442, acero aleado con manganeso y combinaciones de los anteriores. Adicionalmente, la estructura del dispositivo (14) es de un material plástico que se selecciona entre polimetilmetracilato (PMMA), policloruro de vinilo (PVC, por sus siglas en inglés); de policloruro de vinilo clorado (CPVC, por sus siglas en inglés); polietileno teréftalato (PET, por sus siglas en inglés), poliamidas (PA) (v.g. PA12, PA6, PA66); policlorotrifluoretileno (PCTFE, por sus siglas en inglés); polifluoruro de vinilideno (PVDF, por sus siglas en inglés); politetrafluoruro de etileno (PTFE, por sus siglas en inglés); etileno-clorotrifluoroetileno (ECTFE, por sus siglas en inglés); plásticos (resinas poliéster, vinilester, epóxicas, vinílicas) reforzados con fibras (v.g. de vidrio, aramida, poliéster), polietileno reticulado (PEX). In an embodiment of the invention, the structure of the device (14) is constructed by connecting structural elements so as to obtain a structural arrangement capable of resisting the weight of the device. Also, the structure of the device (14) is made of a material selected from carbon steel, cast iron, galvanized iron, chrome steels, chrome-nickel steels, chrome-nickel-titanium steels, nickel-chrome alloy- molybdenum-tungsten, chrome-molybdenum ferrous alloys, 301 stainless steel, 302 stainless steel, 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel, 405 stainless steel, 410 stainless steel, 430 stainless steel, 442 stainless steel, manganese alloy steel and combinations of the previous ones. Additionally, the structure of the device (14) is made of a plastic material that is selected from polymethylmethyl acrylate (PMMA), polyvinylchloride (PVC); Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC); polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamides (PA) (eg PA12, PA6, PA66); polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE); vinylidene polyfluoride (PVDF); ethylene polytetrafluoride (PTFE); ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE); fiber-reinforced plastics (polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, vinyl resins) (e.g. glass, aramid, polyester), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX).
Dando alcance al dispositivo anteriormente descrito, la presente invención también comprende un método para el tratamiento de fluidos (de ahora en adelante método). Extending to the device described above, the present invention also comprises a method for the treatment of fluids (hereinafter method).
El método comprende los pasos de a) agitar durante un tiempo entre 10 segundos a 20 segundos y como mínimo entre 20 RPM a 100 RPM el fluido con un coagulante orgánico para obtener una mezcla homogénea , b) agitar la mezcla homogénea obtenida en la etapa a) durante un tiempo entre 10 minutos a 15 minutos y como mínimo entre 5 RPM a 20 RPM hasta lograr la floculación de la mezcla homogénea, c) suspender la agitación de la etapa b) y dejar la mezcla homogénea en estanqueidad durante un tiempo entre 5 minutos a 10 minutos hasta que la mezcla homogénea tenga como máximo entre 5 a 10 unidades nefelométricas de turbidez (NTU) y en la etapa d) filtrar la mezcla homogénea de la etapa c) hasta que el fluido tenga como máximo entre uno a dos unidades nefelométricas de turbidez (NTU), donde en la etapa c) se obtiene una fase líquida y una fase sólida. The method comprises the steps of a) stirring for a time between 10 seconds to 20 seconds and at least between 20 RPM to 100 RPM the fluid with an organic coagulant to obtain a homogeneous mixture, b) stirring the homogeneous mixture obtained in step a ) for a time between 10 minutes to 15 minutes and at least between 5 RPM to 20 RPM until flocculation of the homogeneous mixture is achieved, c) suspend the agitation of step b) and leave the homogeneous mixture in tightness for a time between 5 minutes to 10 minutes until the homogeneous mixture has a maximum of between 5 to 10 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) and in step d) filter the homogeneous mixture from step c) until the fluid has a maximum of one to two nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), where in stage c) a liquid phase and a solid phase are obtained.
Se entenderá en la presente invención que un coagulante orgánico es un elemento que permite separar los sólidos y los líquidos de una muestra liquida, sea turbia o sea cristalina. Adicionalmente, se entenderá en la presente invención que turbidez es la medida del grado de transparencia que pierde el fluido o algún otro tipo de líquido por la presencia de partículas en suspensión. It will be understood in the present invention that an organic coagulant is an element that allows separating solids and liquids from a liquid sample, whether it is cloudy or crystalline. Additionally, it will be understood in the present invention that turbidity is the measure of the degree of transparency that the fluid or some other type of liquid loses due to the presence of particles in suspension.
Por ejemplo, en el tratamiento de potabilización del agua es importante considerar la turbidez del agua, entre más clara sea el agua, se considera que es de mejor calidad y su turbidez es baja. For example, in the treatment of water purification it is important to consider the turbidity of the water, the clearer the water, it is considered to be of better quality and its turbidity is low.
En una modalidad de la invención, en la etapa a), el coagulante orgánico (22) son semillas de moringa oleífera las cuales se trituran y se maceran. In an embodiment of the invention, in step a), the organic coagulant (22) are moringa oleifera seeds which are crushed and macerated.
La trituración de la semilla de moringa puede realizarse mediante diferentes procesos de trituración, por ejemplo, molinillo, molino de rodillos, molinos de martillos, molinos de discos de atrición, molinos de tambor, picadora de aspas, mortero triturador, macerador o combinaciones de los anteriores. The crushing of the moringa seed can be carried out by different crushing processes, for example, grinder, roller mill, hammer mills, attrition disk mills, drum mills, blade chopper, grinding mortar, macerator or combinations of the previous.
Preferiblemente, las semillas de moringa oleífera se trituran con un molino de atrición el cual permite obtener granos finos de la semilla de tal manera que se asemejen al polvo debido a que los granos son relativamente pequeños, estos granos tienen un tamaño entre 0,05mm a 0,2mm. Preferably, the moringa oleífera seeds are crushed with an attrition mill which allows obtaining fine grains from the seed in such a way that they resemble the dust because the grains are relatively small, these grains have a size between 0.05mm to 0.2mm.
Se entenderá en la presente invención que un mortero triturador comprende un recipiente hueco en el cual se dispone el elemento a triturar y mediante un mortero se efectúan golpes contundentes con la finalidad de reducir su tamaño y separarlo en granos finos. Posterior a triturar las semillas de moringa y obtener granos triturados entre 0,05mm a 0,2mm estas deben pasar por un tamiz el cual permite separar granos sólidos que no fueron triturados en el proceso de trituración y separar pequeñas impurezas del triturado de las semillas de moringa. It will be understood in the present invention that a grinding mortar comprises a hollow container in which the element to be crushed is disposed and forceful blows are made by means of a mortar in order to reduce its size and separate it into fine grains. After crushing the moringa seeds and obtaining crushed grains between 0.05mm to 0.2mm, they must pass through a sieve which allows separating solid grains that were not crushed in the crushing process and separating small impurities from the crushed seeds. moringa.
En una modalidad de la invención, el tamiz es de un material seleccionado entre acero al carbono, fundiciones de hierro, hierro galvanizado, aceros al cromo, aceros al cromo- níquel, aceros al cromo-níquel-titanio, aleación de níquel-cromo-molibdeno-tungsteno, aleaciones ferrosas al cromo-molibdeno, acero inoxidable 301, acero inoxidable 302, acero inoxidable 304, acero inoxidable 316, acero inoxidable 405, acero inoxidable 410, acero inoxidable 430, acero inoxidable 442, acero aleado con manganeso y combinaciones de los anteriores. Preferiblemente, el tamiz es acero inoxidable 304 debido a que este material tiene una alta resistencia a la corrosión. In one embodiment of the invention, the screen is of a material selected from carbon steel, cast iron, galvanized iron, chrome steels, chrome-nickel steels, chrome-nickel-titanium steels, nickel-chrome alloy- molybdenum-tungsten, chrome-molybdenum ferrous alloys, 301 stainless steel, 302 stainless steel, 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel, 405 stainless steel, 410 stainless steel, 430 stainless steel, 442 stainless steel, manganese alloy steel and combinations of the previous ones. Preferably, the screen is 304 stainless steel because this material has high resistance to corrosion.
Se entenderá en la presente invención que el tamiz incluye una malla. Esta malla permite el paso de las partículas sólidas a través de ella. Adicionalmente, la malla se selecciona entre malla No. 40 a No. 200, el número de la malla representa el número espacios que hay dentro de una pulgada cuadrada, es decir, si la mala es No. 32 significa que permite pasar partículas sólidas de 0,495mm o 0,0194 pulgadas dentro de una pulgada cuadrada, entre mayor sea el número de la malla, menores tamaños deberán tener las partículas que se desean filtrar. It will be understood in the present invention that the screen includes a mesh. This mesh allows the passage of solid particles through it. Additionally, the mesh is selected from mesh No. 40 to No. 200, the mesh number represents the number of spaces within a square inch, that is, if the bad is No. 32 it means that it allows solid particles to pass through. 0.495mm or 0.0194 inches within a square inch, the higher the mesh number, the smaller the size of the particles you want to filter.
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 4 y al paso a), el triturado y macerado de las semillas de moringa, se añaden al recipiente (1) el cual, comprende un líquido a tratar. Referring to FIG. 4 and step a), the crushed and macerated moringa seeds, are added to the container (1) which comprises a liquid to be treated.
En una modalidad de la invención, la relación de moringa/fluido es la relación entre peso de moringa en gramos por cada litro de fluido a tratar, por ejemplo, para tratar un litro de un fluido turbio se necesita entre 20 miligramos a 140 miligramos de moringa oleífera triturada y macerada. In an embodiment of the invention, the moringa / fluid ratio is the ratio of the weight of moringa in grams for each liter of fluid to be treated, for example, to treat a liter of a cloudy fluid, it takes between 20 milligrams to 140 milligrams of crushed and macerated oleifera moringa.
En un ejemplo, para tratar un 1L de fluido turbio el cual tiene 20 unidades nefelometricas de turbidez (NTU) se recomienda utilizar 30 miligramos de moringa oleífera triturada y macerada. De igual manera, se puede tomar esta medida para calcular que cantidad de miligramos de moringa oleífera triturada y macerada usar en el caso de tener un fluido menos turbio o un fluido más turbio. In one example, to treat a 1L of cloudy fluid which has 20 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) it is recommended to use 30 milligrams of crushed and macerated oleifera moringa. Similarly, this measure can be taken to Calculate how many milligrams of crushed and macerated moringa oleifera to use if you have a less cloudy fluid or a more cloudy fluid.
Posterior a añadir el coagulante orgánico (22) en el fluido a tratar, el agitador (2) agita esta mezcla un tiempo entre 10 segundos a 20 segundos y como mínimo entre 20 RPM a 100 RPM el fluido con un coagulante orgánico para obtener una mezcla homogénea.After adding the organic coagulant (22) in the fluid to be treated, the agitator (2) agitates this mixture for a time between 10 seconds to 20 seconds and at least between 20 RPM to 100 RPM the fluid with an organic coagulant to obtain a mixture homogeneous.
Se entenderá en la presente invención que una mezcla homogénea es una mezcla de elementos uniformes, donde sus componentes no se pueden diferenciar a simple vista. En la presente invención, la mezcla homogénea se refiere a la uniformidad entre el fluido a tratar y el coagulante orgánico (22) el cual son semillas de moringa triturada. It will be understood in the present invention that a homogeneous mixture is a mixture of uniform elements, where its components cannot be differentiated with the naked eye. In the present invention, the homogeneous mixture refers to the uniformity between the fluid to be treated and the organic coagulant (22) which are crushed moringa seeds.
Haciendo referencia al paso b), el agitador (2) agitar la mezcla homogénea obtenida en la etapa a) durante un tiempo entre 10 minutos a 15 minutos y como mínimo entre 5 RPM a 20 RPM hasta lograr la floculación de la mezcla homogénea. Referring to step b), the stirrer (2) shake the homogeneous mixture obtained in step a) for a time between 10 minutes to 15 minutes and at least between 5 RPM to 20 RPM until the flocculation of the homogeneous mixture is achieved.
Se entenderá en la presente invención que floculación es un proceso químico en el cual, con la adición de sustancias floculantes (en este caso las semillas de moringa trituradas) capturan las sustancias generalmente sólidas, permitiendo de esta manera su decantación y posterior filtrado. It will be understood in the present invention that flocculation is a chemical process in which, with the addition of flocculating substances (in this case the crushed moringa seeds) they capture the generally solid substances, thus allowing their decantation and subsequent filtering.
Haciendo referencia al paso c), la mezcla homogénea de la etapa b), se deja en estanqueidad con un tiempo entre 5 minutos a 10 minutos, para dejar la mezcla homogénea en estanqueidad se debe dejar de agitar la mezcla. Se deja en estanqueidad la mezcla homogénea con la finalidad de que las partículas pesadas presentes en la mezcla desciendan hasta el fondo del recipiente (1). Las partículas sólidas corresponde a una fase sólida, y el fluido homogéneo localizado superior a la fase sólida corresponde a una fase líquida. Referring to step c), the homogeneous mixture of step b) is left in tightness with a time between 5 minutes to 10 minutes, to leave the homogeneous mixture in tightness, the mixture should be stopped stirring. The homogeneous mixture is left in airtightness so that the heavy particles present in the mixture descend to the bottom of the container (1). Solid particles correspond to a solid phase, and the localized homogeneous fluid superior to the solid phase corresponds to a liquid phase.
En una modalidad de la invención, se agita la mezcla homogénea entre 20 RPM a 40 RPM con la finalidad de que el coagulante orgánico (22) logre capturar las partículas sólidas presentes en el fluido a tratar fácilmente. In an embodiment of the invention, the homogeneous mixture is stirred between 20 RPM to 40 RPM in order that the organic coagulant (22) manages to capture the solid particles present in the fluid to be treated easily.
El tiempo seleccionado en la etapa c), permite al fluido homogéneo obtener unidades nefelométricas de turbidez entre 2 a 10. Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 5, en el paso d) la mezcla homogénea (sin partículas sólidas) se filtran a través del sistema de filtración (3). La mezcla homogénea se extrae a través de la primera salida (Ib) del recipiente (1), la mezcla homogénea pasa a través de la primera sección de tubería (20) la cual comprende el sistema de filtración (3). The time selected in step c) allows the homogeneous fluid to obtain nephelometric turbidity units between 2 to 10. Referring to FIG. 5, in step d) the homogeneous mixture (without solid particles) is filtered through the filtration system (3). The homogeneous mixture is withdrawn through the first outlet (Ib) of the container (1), the homogeneous mixture passes through the first section of pipe (20) which comprises the filtration system (3).
Inicialmente, la mezcla homogénea entra en el primer filtro (3a) el cual contiene antracita, posteriormente entra en segundo filtro (3b) el cual contiene arena, y finalmente pasa por el tercer filtro (3c) el cual contiene carbón activado. Después de pasar por los tres filtros (3a, 3b, 3c) la mezcla homogénea tiene como máximo dos unidades nefelométricas de turbidez. Initially, the homogeneous mixture enters the first filter (3a) which contains anthracite, subsequently enters the second filter (3b) which contains sand, and finally passes through the third filter (3c) which contains activated carbon. After passing through the three filters (3a, 3b, 3c), the homogeneous mixture has a maximum of two nephelometric turbidity units.
Ejemplo 1. Fabricación de un dispositivo para el tratamiento de fluidos para sumnistro. Example 1. Manufacture of a device for the treatment of fluids for supply.
Se diseñó y se construyó un dispositivo para el tratamiento de fluidos en donde el tratamiento se logra mediante la combinación de un fluido a tratar y un coagulante orgánico. A device for the treatment of fluids was designed and built, where the treatment is achieved by combining a fluid to be treated and an organic coagulant.
Se dispone de un recipiente (1) el cual tiene una forma geométrica cilindrica, adicionalmente, en la parte inferior, el recipiente (1) tiene forma cónica con la finalidad de acumular partículas sólidas presentes en el fluido a tratar después del proceso de floculación. Preferiblemente, recipiente (1) tiene una capacidad de 20L. There is a container (1) which has a cylindrical geometric shape, additionally, at the bottom, the container (1) has a conical shape in order to accumulate solid particles present in the fluid to be treated after the flocculation process. Preferably container (1) has a capacity of 20L.
El dispositivo tiene un agitador (2) que tiene una hélice (7) localizada en su interior, preferiblemente la hélice (7) es de aspas. La hélice (7) se conecta a un primer eje (8) y este se conecta a un mecanismo de transmisión de potencia (9), el mecanismo de transmisión de potencia (9) a un segundo eje (12) y este a una manivela (13). The device has a stirrer (2) that has a propeller (7) located inside, preferably the propeller (7) is made of blades. The propeller (7) is connected to a first shaft (8) and this is connected to a power transmission mechanism (9), the power transmission mechanism (9) to a second shaft (12) and this to a crank (13).
El mecanismo de transmisión de potencia (9) son dos engranajes (11, 12) dispuestos a 90° de tal manera que el movimiento rotacional proveniente de la manivela (13) cambie de dirección 90°. Los engranajes (11 y 12) son engranajes helicoidales cónicos. The power transmission mechanism (9) are two gears (11, 12) arranged at 90 ° in such a way that the rotational movement coming from the crank (13) changes direction 90 °. The gears (11 and 12) are bevel helical gears.
El recipiente (1) tiene una altura de 0,4m y un espesor de 0,03m. Adicionalmente, el recipiente (1) tiene una entrada (la), una segunda salida (le) y una segunda salida (le). Preferiblemente, la entrada (la), la primera salida (Ib) y la segunda salida (le) tienen un diámetro seleccionado entre 0,0 lm y 0,9m. The container (1) has a height of 0.4m and a thickness of 0.03m. Additionally, the container (1) has an inlet (la), a second outlet (le) and a second outlet (le). Preferably, the inlet (la), the first outlet (Ib) and the second outlet (le) have a diameter selected between 0.0 lm and 0.9m.
La segunda salida (le) se cometa a una segunda sección de tubería (21) la cual tiene el mismo diámetro. En la distancia media de la segunda sección de tubería (21) se dispone de una cuarta válvula (19) la cual es una válvula de bolas. The second outlet (le) is committed to a second section of pipe (21) which has the same diameter. In the middle distance of the second pipe section (21) there is a fourth valve (19) which is a ball valve.
La primera salida (Ib) se conecta a una primera sección de tubería (20) la cual comprende un sistema de filtración (3). El sistema de filtración (3) comprende un primer filtro (3a) el cual contiene antracita, el segundo filtro (3b) contiene arena y el tercer filtro (3c) contiene carbón activado. Adicionalmente, la primera sección de tubería (20) comprende una primera válvula (16) localizada después de la salida (Ib) del recipiente (1) y antes del primer filtro (3a), una segunda válvula (17) localizada entre después del primer filtro (3a) y antes del segundo filtro (3b), y una tercera válvula (18) localizada después del tercer filtro (3c). Las tres válvulas (16,17 y 18) son válvulas de bolas y preferiblemente tienen un diámetro igual a la primera salida (Ib) del recipiente (1) y de la primera sección de tubería (20). The first outlet (Ib) is connected to a first section of pipe (20) which comprises a filtration system (3). The filtration system (3) comprises a first filter (3a) which contains anthracite, the second filter (3b) contains sand and the third filter (3c) contains activated carbon. Additionally, the first section of pipe (20) comprises a first valve (16) located after the outlet (Ib) of the container (1) and before the first filter (3a), a second valve (17) located between after the first filter (3a) and before the second filter (3b), and a third valve (18) located after the third filter (3c). The three valves (16, 17 and 18) are ball valves and preferably have a diameter equal to the first outlet (Ib) of the container (1) and of the first pipe section (20).
Ejemplo 2. Un método para el tratamiento de fluidos para suministro Example 2. A method for treating supply fluids
Paso a), agitar al menos 20 segundos y como mínimo a 100 RPM un fluido con un coagulante orgánico (22) para obtener una mezcla homogénea, preferiblemente el coagulante orgánico (22) son semillas de moringa trituradas y maceradas. Step a), shake for at least 20 seconds and at least 100 RPM a fluid with an organic coagulant (22) to obtain a homogeneous mixture, preferably the organic coagulant (22) are crushed and macerated moringa seeds.
Las semillas trituradas y maceradas tienen un tamaño entre 0,lmm a 0,05mm. Posteriormente, deberán ser tamizadas en un tamiz No. 40 o No. 140. The crushed and macerated seeds have a size between 0.1mm to 0.05mm. Subsequently, they must be sieved on a No. 40 or No. 140 sieve.
Paso b) agitar la mezcla homogénea con el agitador (2) al menos 15 minutos y a al menos 10 RPM hasta lograrla floculación. Step b) stir the homogeneous mixture with the agitator (2) for at least 15 minutes and at least 10 RPM until flocculation is achieved.
Paso c) suspender la agitación del agitador (2) y dejar la mezcla homogénea en estanqueidad durante un tiempo de al menos 10 minutos hasta que la mezcla homogénea tenga como máximo 10 unidades nefelométricas de turbidez. En esta parte del paso, las partículas pesadas de la mezcla homogénea descienden hasta el fondo cónico del recipiente (1). Step c) suspend agitation of the stirrer (2) and leave the homogeneous mixture in tightness for a time of at least 10 minutes until the homogeneous mixture has a maximum of 10 nephelometric turbidity units. In this part of the step, the Heavy particles from the homogeneous mixture descend to the conical bottom of the container (1).
Paso d) la mezcla homogénea de la etapa c) se filtra por un sistema de filtración (3) hasta obtener máximo dos unidades nefelométricas de turbidez. La mezcla homogénea pasa por un primer filtro (3a) que contiene antracita, posterior pasa por un segundo filtro (3b) que contiene arena y por ultimo pasa por un tercer filtro (3c) que tiene carbón activado. Se debe entender que la presente invención no se halla limitada a las modalidades descritas e ilustradas, ni limitadas a métodos y dispositivos para el tratamiento de fluidos, pues como será evidente para una persona versada en el arte, existen variaciones y modificaciones posibles que no se apartan del espíritu de la invención, el cual solo se encuentra definido por las siguientes reivindicaciones. Step d) the homogeneous mixture from step c) is filtered through a filtration system (3) until a maximum of two nephelometric turbidity units are obtained. The homogeneous mixture passes through a first filter (3a) that contains anthracite, then it passes through a second filter (3b) that contains sand and finally it passes through a third filter (3c) that has activated carbon. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the described and illustrated modalities, nor limited to methods and devices for the treatment of fluids, since as will be evident to a person skilled in the art, there are variations and possible modifications that are not depart from the spirit of the invention, which is only defined by the following claims.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Un dispositivo para el tratamiento de fluidos que comprende: 1. A fluid treatment device comprising:
un recipiente (1) con una primera salida (Ib) y una segunda salida (le), donde la primera salida (Ib) se localiza proximal al fondo del recipiente (1); un agitador (2) localizado al interior del recipiente (1); y a container (1) with a first outlet (Ib) and a second outlet (le), where the first outlet (Ib) is located proximal to the bottom of the container (1); a stirrer (2) located inside the container (1); and
un sistema de filtración (3) conectado a la segunda salida (Ib) del recipiente (1). a filtration system (3) connected to the second outlet (Ib) of the container (1).
2. El dispositivo para el tratamiento de fluidos de la Reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el recipiente (1) tiene una geometría cónica, en donde en la parte cónica se conecta a la salida (le). 2. The fluid treatment device of Claim 1, characterized in that the container (1) has a conical geometry, where in the conical part it is connected to the outlet (le).
3. El dispositivo para el tratamiento de fluidos de la Reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el sistema de filtrado (3) tiene un primer filtro (3a) que contiene antracita, un segundo filtro (3b) que contiene arena y un tercer filtro (3c) que contiene carbón activado, donde los tres filtros (3a, 3b, 3c) se disponen en serie. The fluid treatment device of Claim 1, characterized in that the filter system (3) has a first filter (3a) containing anthracite, a second filter (3b) containing sand, and a third filter (3c) containing activated carbon, where the three filters (3a, 3b, 3c) are arranged in series.
4. El dispositivo para el tratamiento de fluidos de la Reivindicación 3, caracterizado porque el sistema de filtrado (3) se dispone en paralelo. 4. The fluid treatment device of Claim 3, characterized in that the filter system (3) is arranged in parallel.
5. El dispositivo para el tratamiento de fluidos de la Reivindicación 3, caracterizado porque la arena del segundo filtro (3b) se selecciona entre arena sílice, grava cuarcitica, microsilice y combinaciones de los anteriores. 5. The fluid treatment device of Claim 3, characterized in that the sand from the second filter (3b) is selected from silica sand, quartzite gravel, microsilice and combinations of the above.
6. El dispositivo para el tratamiento de fluidos de la Reivindicación 3, caracterizado porque el tercer filtro (3c) tiene carbón activado y se selecciona de la familia de los adsorbentes carbonáceos. 6. The fluid treatment device of Claim 3, characterized in that the third filter (3c) has activated carbon and is selected from the family of carbonaceous adsorbents.
7. Un método para el tratamiento de fluidos que comprende los siguientes pasos: a) agitar durante un tiempo entre 10 segundos a 20 segundos y como mínimo entre 20 RPM a 100 RPM el fluido con un coagulante orgánico para obtener una mezcla homogénea; b) agitar la mezcla homogénea obtenida en la etapa a) durante un tiempo entre 10 minutos a 15 minutos y como mínimo entre 5 RPM a 20 RPM hasta lograr la floculación de la mezcla homogénea; 7. A method for the treatment of fluids comprising the following steps: a) shake the fluid with an organic coagulant for a time between 10 seconds to 20 seconds and at least between 20 RPM to 100 RPM to obtain a homogeneous mixture; b) stirring the homogeneous mixture obtained in step a) for a time between 10 minutes to 15 minutes and at least between 5 RPM to 20 RPM until flocculation of the homogeneous mixture is achieved;
c) suspender la agitación de la etapa b) y dejar la mezcla homogénea en estanqueidad durante un tiempo entre 5 minutos a 10 minutos hasta que la mezcla homogénea tenga como máximo entre 2 a 10 unidades nefelométricas de turbidez (NTU); y c) suspend the agitation of step b) and leave the homogeneous mixture in tightness for a time between 5 minutes to 10 minutes until the homogeneous mixture has a maximum of between 2 to 10 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU); and
d) filtrar la mezcla homogénea de la etapa c) hasta que el fluido tenga como máximo entre uno a dos unidades nefelométricas de turbidez (NTU); d) filtering the homogeneous mixture from step c) until the fluid has between a maximum of one to two nephelometric turbidity units (NTU);
donde en la etapa c), se obtiene una fase líquida y una fase sólida. where in step c), a liquid phase and a solid phase are obtained.
8. El método para el tratamiento de fluidos de la Reivindicación 7, caracterizada porque el coagulante orgánico de la etapa a) son semillas de moringa oleífera. 8. The method for the treatment of fluids of Claim 7, characterized in that the organic coagulant of step a) are moringa oleifera seeds.
9. El método para el tratamiento de fluidos de la Reivindicación 8, caracterizada porque las semillas de moringa oleífera se trituran y se maceran. 9. The method for the treatment of fluids of Claim 8, characterized in that the moringa oleifera seeds are crushed and macerated.
10. El método para el tratamiento de fluidos de la Reivindicación 9, caracterizada porque el triturado y el macerado de las semillas de moringa tienen un tamaño entre 0,05mm a 0,2mm. The fluid treatment method of Claim 9, characterized in that the crushing and mashing of the moringa seeds are between 0.05mm and 0.2mm in size.
11. El método para el tratamiento de fluidos de la Reivindicación 7, donde en la etapa b) se agita la mezcla homogénea entre 20 RPM a 40 RPM. 11. The method for the treatment of fluids of Claim 7, wherein in step b) the homogeneous mixture is stirred between 20 RPM to 40 RPM.
12. El método para el tratamiento de fluidos de la Reivindicación 7, caracterizada porque la mezcla homogénea se filtra hasta obtener un rango de unidades nefelométricas de turbidez entre uno a dos NTU. 12. The method for the treatment of fluids of Claim 7, characterized in that the homogeneous mixture is filtered until obtaining a range of nephelometric turbidity units between one and two NTUs.
13. El método para el tratamiento de fluidos de la Reivindicación 7, caracterizada porque la relación de coagulante/fluido es entre 20 miligramos a 140 miligramos por cada litro de fluido a tratar. 13. The fluid treatment method of Claim 7, characterized in that the coagulant / fluid ratio is between 20 milligrams to 140 milligrams for each liter of fluid to be treated.
PCT/IB2019/061049 2018-12-18 2019-12-18 Method and device for treating fluids for supply WO2020128920A1 (en)

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