WO2020118804A1 - 利用疏浚底泥免烧骨料制备透水砖的方法 - Google Patents

利用疏浚底泥免烧骨料制备透水砖的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020118804A1
WO2020118804A1 PCT/CN2019/070168 CN2019070168W WO2020118804A1 WO 2020118804 A1 WO2020118804 A1 WO 2020118804A1 CN 2019070168 W CN2019070168 W CN 2019070168W WO 2020118804 A1 WO2020118804 A1 WO 2020118804A1
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aggregate
ingredients
parts
dredged
burnable
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PCT/CN2019/070168
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English (en)
French (fr)
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吴燕
彭啸
彭瑜洲
史浩良
杨茂
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天津科技大学
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Publication of WO2020118804A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020118804A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B15/00—General arrangement or layout of plant ; Industrial outlines or plant installations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
    • B28B11/245—Curing concrete articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00284—Materials permeable to liquids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of dredging industry and building material technology, and relates to the environmental protection utilization of dredged bottom mud, in particular to a method for preparing permeable bricks by using dredged bottom mud without burning aggregate.
  • a method for preparing non-fired bricks by using dredged sediment aggregates including the following steps: (1) Screening of dredged sediment aggregates; (2) Crushing cement, quicklime, gypsum and fly ash through a grinder; (3) Ingredients: Mix and mix the pretreated cement, quicklime, gypsum and fly ash to prepare a dry mixture. Weigh the dredged bottom mud aggregate.
  • the mass fraction of the dry mixed material and dredged bottom mud aggregate is: cement 5 ⁇ 20 parts, quick lime 3 ⁇ 13 parts, gypsum 1 ⁇ 10 parts, fly ash 15 ⁇ 30 parts, dredged bottom mud aggregates 45 ⁇ 70 parts; (4)Add water to stir; (5)Mixed material aging; (6)Brick press ; (7) product maintenance, that is, finished products without burning bricks.
  • the method can consume a large amount of dredged sediment to achieve the purpose of resource utilization and meet the needs of the dredging industry.
  • the burn-free method used has low energy consumption, low-cost burn-free bricks are produced, and the performance is better. It can broaden the resource utilization of dredged sediment Way to meet the needs of the building materials market.
  • the amplitude is 0?5mm and the vibration time is 1 to 5 minutes. After 20 to 30 hours, the mold is demoulded, and the humidity is maintained at >95%, and the temperature is controlled at 19.5 to 20.5°C for 7 to 90 days under continuous wet curing.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: wide source of raw materials, low cost; good mechanical strength; simple process and easy mass production.
  • the invention belongs to the technical field of environmental engineering and building materials.
  • a non-burnable brick with river and lake dredged bottom mud as main material, the raw material weight percentage composition is: dredged bottom mud 50%-70%, cement 10%-20%, sand 12.5%-30%, fly ash 1.5% -5%, quick lime 2%-3%, sodium silicate 0.1%-0.25%, antifreeze 0.25%-0.4%.
  • the natural curing method of the burn-free bricks made of river and lake dredged bottom mud as main material (1) Dewatering of dredged bottom mud: dehydrated to less than 30% moisture content; (2) Mixing: dredged bottom mud, cement, sand, Dry mixing of fly ash, sodium silicate and antifreeze; adding water and wet mixing, adding quick lime and stirring; (3) wheel milling; (4) brick making: brick making machine makes bricks by vibration and pressure; (5 )Natural conservation: bricks are palletized, and natural conservation is obtained without burning bricks.
  • the invention has the advantages of simple process, convenient operation, turning waste into treasure, good brick quality, low cost, obvious benefit, and environmental friendliness.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, and to provide a method for preparing permeable bricks by using dredged bottom mud without burning aggregate, which is energy-saving and waste-free, has low production energy consumption and does not require sintering.
  • the permeable brick has high strength, excellent performance and qualified quality.
  • the method for preparing permeable bricks by using dredged sediment-free burning aggregate includes the following steps:
  • Screening of dredged sediment-free aggregates use a screening machine to screen the dredged sediment-free aggregates, select and obtain burn-free aggregates, soak the burnt aggregates in water for 1 to 15 minutes in advance, and the amount of immersion is no-burn 1% ⁇ 10% of aggregate quality;
  • Base ingredients Mix and stir cement and fly ash to prepare the basic ingredients. Weigh the pre-processed non-burnable aggregate.
  • the mass parts of the above-mentioned basic ingredients and pre-processed non-burnable aggregate are: 15-30 parts of cement, powder 3 to 10 parts of coal ash, 65 to 90 parts of pre-drained dredged sediment-free aggregate;
  • the cylinder compression strength of the non-burnable aggregate in the step (1) is 5-15 MPa, and the water absorption rate of the non-burnable aggregate is 4%-10%.
  • the rest time is 1 to 10 minutes.
  • the time interval of watering in the step (8) is 8 to 14 hours.
  • the amount of non-burning aggregate added to the dredged bottom mud in the dry mix at the base level accounts for 50 to 75 parts, and the utilization rate of the dredged bottom mud is high; the hydration of cement combined with the process steps and methods of this method
  • the rational design of the parameters allows the method to produce permeable bricks without roasting in the process of preparing permeable bricks, which greatly reduces the energy consumption of production; moreover, the manufactured permeable bricks have scientific structure, low cost and product strength High, excellent performance; at the same time, the maintenance steps of this method is simple, reducing production costs.
  • pre-wet treatment of the non-burnable aggregate after the water-absorbed aggregate is mixed with cement and fly ash, can effectively reduce the loss of concrete slump, improve the workability of concrete, and make the concrete mix
  • the compatibility and fluidity are improved, which is beneficial to industrial operations; during the curing process of permeable bricks, the aggregates after water absorption can naturally release water, which produces an "internal conservation" effect, which makes the internal hydration reaction of the permeable bricks more thorough and improves the pavement bricks.
  • the shrinkage performance reduces the occurrence of internal cracks and improves the strength of permeable bricks.
  • the technical composition is ingenious and reasonable.
  • the dredged sediment is first prepared as non-burnable aggregate, and then the dredged sediment is not mixed with fiber and cement in the form of coarse and fine aggregates to press the permeable brick and introduced into the brick body
  • the fiber can improve the micro-cracks caused by the self-shrinkage of the cement, and play a role in cracking, strengthening and toughening the brick body; at the same time, the dredging sediment-free coarse aggregate has high strength, excellent performance, and cementing material
  • the aggregates in the entire permeable brick system are connected by a point-to-point connection through cementing materials to ensure that the entire system is glued together, the structure is stable, the pores are rich, the production energy consumption is low, the strength is high, and the performance is excellent.
  • the permeable bricks produced meet the needs of the construction market.
  • the aggregate is sieved first, or the dredged bottom mud can be used to prepare non-burnable aggregate first, and then sieved to obtain a well-graded aggregate, which is then mixed with the cementitious material in the form of aggregate and pressed.
  • Permeable bricks are obtained; the dredged sediment-free burnt aggregates as fine aggregates have high strength and excellent performance.
  • the aggregates in the entire permeable brick system are connected by dots and dots through cemented materials To ensure that the entire system is tightly glued together, with abundant pores, stable structure, and no collapse.
  • This method can consume a large amount of dredged bottom mud, reduce the exploitation of natural aggregates, achieve the purpose of resource utilization and protect the ecological environment; meet the needs of the dredging industry, use the non-burning method to produce low energy consumption, low emissions, and the production of permeable bricks Low cost and excellent performance can broaden the utilization of dredged sediment resources, while meeting the needs of the building materials market, and can better alleviate the "urban heat island effect.”
  • the preparation process of the dredged bottom mud burn-free aggregate used in the present invention includes two steps: the first step is to complete the preparation of the dredged bottom mud burn-free original ceramsite. Method" (Patent No. ZL20151 0374608.5); the second step is to complete the preparation of dredged bottom mud without burning aggregates, which refers to the patent publication "A method of wrapping the dredged bottom mud without burning aggregates" (Patent No. It is ZL20151 0387395.X).
  • the fly ash used is collected from the fly ash produced by coal-fired power plants, and its performance complies with the technical requirements of GB1596-91 "Fly Ash Used in Cement and Concrete”;
  • the quicklime is general building quicklime, and its performance complies with JC/T 621-2009 "Quicklime for silicate building products" technical requirements;
  • the gypsum is ordinary building phosphogypsum powder, and its performance meets the technical requirements of GB/T 23456-2009 "Phosphogypsum”;
  • the cement is ordinary grades of 42.5 and 52.5 Portland cement;
  • the water glass is general industrial water glass, and its performance meets the technical requirements of GB 4209-96 "Industrial Sodium Silicate".
  • the method for preparing permeable bricks by using dredged bottom sediment-free aggregates includes the following steps:
  • Screening of dredged sediment-free aggregate Use a screening machine to screen the dredged sediment-free aggregate.
  • the particle size range is 1 ⁇ 5mm, the cylinder pressure strength is 9.8MPa, and the water absorption rate is 5.4% bone.
  • the material is used as a fine aggregate of permeable bricks; the non-burnable aggregate is immersed in water for 6 minutes in advance, and the amount of soaking is 6% of the mass of the non-burnable aggregate;
  • Base-level ingredients mix cement (general PO 42.5) and fly ash and mix to prepare the base-level dry mixture, weigh the pre-treated burn-free brick aggregate, the dry mix and the pre-treatment burn-free aggregate
  • the mass fraction of the basic ingredients is 18 parts of cement, 5 parts of fly ash, and 80 parts of pre-dried dredged non-burning aggregate;
  • top layer ingredients put the top layer ingredients in the mixer and stir. During the mixing process, water with 6% of the total mass of the top layer ingredients is added, and the stirring time is 5 minutes;
  • Compression molding of the brick press First, the uniformly mixed base ingredients are filled into the brick mold of the brick press, and then the uniformly mixed surface ingredients are evenly spread on the base.
  • the above-mentioned base ingredients and surface ingredients The mass parts are: 80 parts of the base layer ingredients and 10 parts of the top layer ingredients; after the base layer ingredients and the top layer ingredients are stacked, they are allowed to stand for 5 minutes, and then the brick pressing machine is started to press the materials into permeable brick bricks.
  • the pressing time is 5 minutes and the pressure is 15KN , Get permeable bricks and bricks;
  • the compressive strength of the dredged sediment permeable brick obtained in this example is 21.5MPa, and the water permeability coefficient is 1.05 ⁇ 10 -2 cm/s, which fully complies with the standard requirements of GB/T "Permeable Pavement Bricks and Permeable Slabs".
  • the method for preparing permeable bricks by using dredged bottom sediment-free aggregates includes the following steps:
  • Screening of dredged sediment-free aggregate Use a screening machine to screen the dredged sediment-free aggregate.
  • the particle size range is 5 ⁇ 10mm, the cylinder pressure strength is 12.4MPa, and the water absorption rate is 7.4%.
  • the material is used as the permeable brick coarse aggregate; the non-burnable aggregate is soaked in water for 10 minutes in advance, and the amount of water soaking is 8% of the mass of the non-burnable aggregate;
  • Pretreatment of aggregate Prepare 75 parts of dredged sediment-free burned aggregate and 4 parts of 1 ⁇ 4mm fiber material;
  • Base ingredients mix cement (general PO42.5) with fly ash and mix to prepare the base dry mix, weigh the pre-treated burn-free brick aggregate, the dry mix and the pre-process burn-free aggregate
  • the mass fraction of the basic ingredients constituted is: 20 parts of cement, 5 parts of fly ash, and 90 parts of pre-dried dredged sediment-free aggregate;
  • the surface ingredients are added and stirred with water: the surface ingredients are placed in a blender and stirred. During the stirring process, water with a total mass of 7% of the surface ingredients is added, and the stirring time is 10 minutes;
  • Compression molding of the brick press First, the uniformly mixed base ingredients are filled into the brick mold of the brick press, and then the uniformly mixed surface ingredients are evenly spread on the base.
  • the above-mentioned base ingredients and surface ingredients The quality parts are: 85 parts of the base layer ingredients and 15 parts of the top layer ingredients; after the base layer ingredients and the top layer ingredients are stacked, they are allowed to stand for 7 minutes, and then the brick pressing machine is started to press the materials into permeable brick bricks.
  • the pressing time is 4 minutes and the pressure is 30KN , Get permeable bricks and bricks;
  • the compressive strength of the dredged bottom permeable brick obtained in this example is 22.7 MPa, and the water permeability coefficient is 1.13 ⁇ 10 -2 cm/s, which fully complies with the standard requirements of GB/T "Permeable Pavement Bricks and Permeable Slabs".
  • the method for preparing permeable bricks by using dredged bottom sediment-free aggregates includes the following steps:
  • Screening of dredged sediment-free aggregate Use a sieving machine to screen the dredged sediment-free aggregate.
  • the particle size range is 1 ⁇ 5mm, the cylinder pressure strength is 12.4MPa, and the water absorption rate is 6.5%.
  • 4 parts of the material and fiber material are used as the permeable brick aggregate; the non-burnable aggregate is soaked in water for 8 minutes in advance, and the amount of soaking is 9% of the mass of the non-burnable aggregate;
  • Pretreatment of aggregates According to 85 parts of dredged sediment-free burnable aggregate and 3 parts of 1-4 mm fiber material, pre-treated dredged sediment-free burned aggregate is prepared;
  • Ingredients at the base level Mix the cement (general PO52.5) with fly ash and fiber materials to produce a dry mix at the base level. Weigh the pre-processed non-sintered brick aggregate.
  • the mass fraction of the base ingredients composed of burned aggregate is: 30 parts of cement, 8 parts of fly ash, and 75 parts of pre-dried dredged sediment-free aggregate;
  • top layer ingredients put the top layer ingredients in the mixer and stir. During the mixing process, water with 9% of the total mass of the top layer ingredients is added, and the stirring time is 5 minutes;
  • Compression molding of the brick press First, the uniformly mixed base ingredients are filled into the brick mold of the brick press, and then the uniformly mixed surface ingredients are evenly spread on the base.
  • the above-mentioned base ingredients and surface ingredients The mass parts are: 90 parts for the base layer ingredients and 20 parts for the top layer ingredients; after the base layer ingredients and the top layer ingredients are stacked, they are allowed to stand for 3 minutes, and then the brick pressing machine is started to press the materials into permeable brick bricks.
  • the pressing time is 5 minutes and the pressure is 40KN , Get permeable bricks and bricks;
  • the compressive strength of the dredged bottom permeable brick obtained in this example is 25.6MPa, and the water permeability coefficient is 1.46 ⁇ 10 -2 cm/s, which fully complies with the standard requirements of GB/T "Pervious Pavement Bricks and Permeable Pavement Panels".
  • the method for preparing permeable bricks by using dredged bottom sediment-free aggregates includes the following steps:
  • Screening of dredged sediment-free aggregate Use a sieving machine to screen the dredged sediment-free aggregate.
  • the particle size range is 5 ⁇ 10mm, the cylinder pressure strength is 10.1MPa, and the water absorption rate is 4.8%.
  • Pretreatment of aggregates Prepare pretreatment of dredged sediment-free aggregates according to 90 parts of dredged sediment-free burnable aggregates and 1 part of fiber material of 1-4mm;
  • Ingredients at the base level Mix the cement (general PO52.5) with fly ash and fiber materials to produce a dry mix at the base level. Weigh the pre-processed non-sintered brick aggregate.
  • the mass fraction of the base ingredients composed of burned aggregate is: 30 parts of cement, 5 parts of fly ash, and 85 parts of pre-dried dredged sediment-free burned aggregate;
  • top layer ingredients put the top layer ingredients in the mixer and stir. During the mixing process, water with 9% of the total mass of the top layer ingredients is added, and the stirring time is 5 minutes;
  • Compression molding of the brick press First, the uniformly mixed base ingredients are filled into the brick mold of the brick press, and then the uniformly mixed surface ingredients are evenly spread on the base.
  • the above-mentioned base ingredients and surface ingredients The mass parts are: 90 parts of the base ingredients and 20 parts of the top ingredients; after the base ingredients and the top ingredients are stacked, they are left to stand for 9 minutes, and then the brick press is started to press the materials into permeable brick bricks, the pressing time is 3 minutes, and the pressure is 25KN , Get permeable bricks and bricks;
  • the compressive strength of the dredged bottom permeable brick obtained in this example is 20.4 MPa, and the water permeability coefficient is 2.15 ⁇ 10 -2 cm/s, which fully complies with the standard requirements of GB/T "Permeable Pavement Bricks and Permeable Slabs".

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

一种利用疏浚底泥免烧骨料制备透水砖的方法，包括如下步骤：⑴疏浚底泥免烧骨料筛选；⑵预处理免烧骨料的制备；⑶基层配料；⑷基层配料加水搅拌；⑸面层配料；⑹面层配料加水搅拌；⑺压砖机压制成型；⑻制品养护。该方法能够消耗大量疏浚底泥，减少天然骨料的开采，达到资源化利用、保护生态环境的目的；满足疏浚行业需求，所用免烧法生产能耗低、排放少，生产的透水砖成本低廉，性能优异，够拓宽疏浚底泥资源化利用的途径，同时满足建材市场的需求，并能较好地缓解"城市热岛效应"。

Description

利用疏浚底泥免烧骨料制备透水砖的方法 技术领域
本发明属于疏浚行业和建筑材料技术领域，涉及疏浚底泥的环保利用，尤其是利用疏浚底泥免烧骨料制备透水砖的方法。
背景技术
目前，我国建材的需求量与日俱增，每年要开釆多达100亿吨的砂、石材料用于建材上，造成了严重的资源枯竭和生态破坏问题。因此，国家于2000-2013年发布多项政策鼓励利用废弃物制备建材，大力发展绿色建材。近年来，由于我国疏浚业快速发展，每年倾倒于海洋的疏浚物达到近2亿m 3。疏浚底泥是疏浚工程通过清除河湖水体中的受污染底泥而产生的，将疏浚底泥应用于建材，不仅解决了底泥量大难处理的问题，而且将减少建筑业对天然骨料的消耗，起到变废为宝、节能减排的巨大综合社会效益。目前，国内外疏浚底泥在建材方面的资源化利用多采用烧结法，而烧结法所制备的烧结砖虽然结构致密，强度较高，但烧制需要大量的能源，每年消耗大量煤资源，对于成本的控制不利，且烧结过程产生大量CO 2，影响环境。
通过检索，发现如下三篇与本发明专利申请相关的专利公开文献：
1、一种利用疏浚底泥骨料制备免烧砖的方法(105130289A)，包括步骤如下：⑴疏浚底泥骨料筛分；⑵将水泥、生石灰、石膏和粉煤灰通过粉碎机进行粉碎；⑶配料：将预处理的水泥、生石灰、石膏和粉煤灰混合搅拌，制得干混合料，称取疏浚底泥骨料，干混合料与疏浚底泥骨料的质量份数为：水泥5～20份、生石灰3～13份、石膏1～10份、粉煤灰15～30份、疏浚底泥骨料45～70份；⑷加水搅拌；⑸混合料陈化；⑹压砖机压制成型；⑺制品养护，即得到成品免烧砖。本方法能够消耗大量疏浚底泥，达到资源化利用的目的，满足疏浚行业需求，所用免烧法生产能耗低，生产的免烧砖成本低廉，性能较优，能够拓宽疏浚底泥资源化利用的途径，同时满足建材市场的需求。
2、一种采用疏浚底泥制备泡沫底泥砖的方法(106045420A)，包括如下步骤：1)采集河道疏浚底泥，自然通风后，静置24～48h，倒去上覆水，将底泥在自然条件下风化晾干；2)将风干后结块的底泥经过粉碎机破碎研磨，过100～200目筛，收集备用；3)将底泥、P.O 42.5水泥按照质量比7:3混合，然后加入占水泥质量2％的固化剂；4)混合均匀后浇铸于模具中，将模具置于振动台上，机械振动至填满模具，振幅为0？5mm，振动时间为1～5分钟，20～30小时后脱模，于湿度>95％，温度控制于19.5～20.5℃条件下连续湿式养护7～90天。本发明的有益效果：原材料来源广，成本低廉；机械强度好；工艺简单易量产。
3、一种河湖疏浚底泥为主料的免烧砖及其自然养护制作方法(104177015B)。本发明属于环境工程及建材技术领域。一种河湖疏浚底泥为主料的免烧砖，其原料重量百分比组成为：疏浚底泥50％-70％、水泥10％-20％、沙子12.5％-30％、粉煤灰1.5％-5％、生石灰2％-3％、硅酸钠0.1％-0.25％、防冻剂0.25％-0.4％。河湖疏浚底泥为主料的免烧砖的自然养护制作方法：(1)疏浚底泥脱水：脱水干化至含水率30％以下；(2)混合：将疏浚底泥、水泥、沙子、粉煤灰、硅酸钠和防冻剂干拌；加水湿拌，加入生石灰，搅拌；(3)轮碾；(4)制砖体：制砖机通过振动和加压制成砖体；(5)自然养护：砖体码垛，自然养护得到免烧砖。本发明具有工艺简单，操作方便，变废为宝，砖质量好，成本低廉，效益明显，环境友好等优点。
通过技术特征的对比，申请人认为，上述三篇公开专利文献，虽然发明目的基本相同，但技术方案的内容区别较大，本发明申请的技术优势体现的明显，因此不会破坏本发明申请的创造性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足之处，提供一种利用疏浚底泥免烧骨料制备透水砖的方法，该方法节能利废、生产能耗低、不需要烧结，所制得的透水砖强度高、性能优异、质量合格。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
利用疏浚底泥免烧骨料制备透水砖的方法，包括如下步骤：
⑴疏浚底泥免烧骨料筛选：利用筛分机对疏浚底泥免烧骨料进行筛分，筛选得到免烧骨料，将免烧骨料提前浸水润湿1～15min，浸水量为免烧骨料质量的1％～10％；
⑵预处理免烧骨料的制备：免烧骨料与1～4mm的纤维材料的质量份数为：1～10mm骨料65～90份、1～4mm的纤维材料1～5份；
⑶基层配料：将水泥和粉煤灰混合搅拌，制得基层配料，称取预处理免烧骨料，上述基层配料与预处理免烧骨料的质量份数为：水泥15～30份、粉煤灰3～10份、预处理疏浚底泥免烧骨料65～90份；
⑷基层配料加水搅拌：将预处理免烧骨料与干混合料所形成的基层配料置于搅拌机中搅拌，搅拌过程中加入为基层配料总质量5％～15％的水，搅拌时间为5～10min；
⑸面层配料：将水泥、石英砂和混凝土颜料混合搅拌，制得面层配料，所述面层配料的质量份数为：水泥15～25份、石英砂45～60份、混凝土颜料1～5份；
⑹面层配料加水搅拌：将面层配料置于搅拌机中搅拌，搅拌过程中加入为面层配料总质量5％～10％的水，搅拌时间为5～10min；
⑺压砖机压制成型：先将拌合均匀的基层配料填放入压砖机的砖坯模具中，再将拌合均匀的面层配料均匀铺在基层配料上，相应的质量份数为：基层配料80～90份、面层配料10～20份；上述基层配料与面层配料层叠完成后静置，然后启动压砖机将物料压制成透水砖砖坯，压制时间为1～5min，压力为15～50KN，得免烧透水砖砖坯；
⑻制品养护：制备出的透水砖砖坯表面覆盖保鲜膜，进行洒水自然养护3～28天，得到成品疏浚底泥免烧骨料透水砖。
而且，所述步骤⑴中免烧骨料的筒压强度为5～15MPa，免烧骨料的吸水率为4％～10％。
而且，所述步骤⑺中基层配料与面层配料层叠完成后静置时间为1～10min。
而且，所述步骤⑻中洒水的时间间隔为8～14h。
本发明取得的优点和有益效果是：
1、本方法中，在基层干混合料中疏浚底泥免烧骨料的加入量占到50～75份，疏浚底泥资 源化利用率高；水泥的水化作用结合该方法的工艺步骤和参数的合理设计，使得该方法制备透水砖的过程中不需要进行焙烧即可直接制得透水砖，极大降低了生产能耗；而且，所制得的透水砖结构科学，成本低廉且产品强度高，性能优异；同时，该方法的养护步骤简便，降低了生产成本。
2、本方法中，对免烧骨料进行预湿处理，吸水后的骨料与水泥和粉煤灰混合后，可以有效降低混凝土坍落度的损失，改善混凝土的和易性，使混凝土拌合性跟流动性提升，有利于工业操作；透水砖在养护过程中，吸水后的骨料可自然释放出水分，产生“内养护”作用，使得透水砖内部水化反应更彻底，改善路面砖的收缩性能，减少内部裂纹的产生从而提升透水砖的强度，技术构成巧妙而合理。
3、本方法中，是先将疏浚底泥制备成免烧骨料，然后将疏浚底泥免烧骨料以粗、细集料的形式与纤维、胶凝材料混合压制透水砖，引入砖体的纤维能改善水泥因自缩而产生的微裂缝，对砖体起到阻裂、增强和増韧的作用；同时，疏浚底泥免烧粗骨料自身强度高，性能优异，与胶凝材料混合压制成透水砖时，使整个透水砖体系中骨料间通过胶凝材料以点点连接结合，保证整个体系胶连在一起，结构稳定，孔隙丰富，生产能耗低、强度高，性能优异，生产的透水砖满足建筑市场的需求。
4、本方法先将骨料进行筛分或者可以先利用疏浚底泥制备成免烧骨料再进行筛分，得级配优良的骨料，然后以骨料形式与胶凝材料混合，通过压制得到透水砖；作为细集料的疏浚底泥免烧骨料自身强度高，性能优异，与胶凝材料混合压制透水砖时，使整个透水砖体系中骨料间通过胶凝材料以点点连接结合，保证整个体系紧密胶连在一起，孔隙丰富，结构稳定，不坍塌。
5、本方法能够消耗大量疏浚底泥，减少天然骨料的开采，达到资源化利用、保护生态环境的目的；满足疏浚行业需求，所用免烧法生产能耗低、排放少，生产的透水砖成本低廉，性能优异，能够拓宽疏浚底泥资源化利用的途径，同时满足建材市场的需求，并能较好地缓解“城市热岛效应”。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例，对本发明进一步说明；下述实施例是说明性的，不是限定性的，不能以下述实施例来限定本发明的保护范围。
首先需要说明的是：
1、本发明中所使用的原料，如无特殊说明，均为常规的市售产品；本发明中所使用的方法，如无特殊说明，均为本领域的常规方法。
2、本发明所用疏浚底泥免烧骨料的制备过程包含两个步骤：第一步完成疏浚底泥免烧原陶粒的制备，其参照专利公开文献《一种疏浚底泥免烧陶粒的方法》(专利号为ZL 2015 1 0374608.5)；第二步完成疏浚底泥免烧骨料的制备，其参照专利公开文献《一种疏浚底泥免烧骨料的裹壳方法》(专利号为ZL 2015 1 0387395.X)。
3、所用粉煤灰为燃煤电厂产生的飞灰收集所得，性能符合GB1596-91《用于水泥和混凝土中的粉煤灰》技术要求；所述生石灰为普通建筑生石灰，性能符合JC/T 621-2009《硅酸盐建筑制品用生石灰》技术要求；所述石膏为普通建筑磷石膏粉，性能符合GB/T 23456-2009《磷石膏》技术要求；所述水泥为42.5、52.5等级的普通硅酸盐水泥；所述水玻璃为普通工业用水玻璃，性能符合GB 4209-96《工业硅酸钠》技术要求。
下面通过四个实施例，来具体描述本发明申请的技术内容。
实施例1：
利用疏浚底泥免烧骨料制备透水砖的方法，包括步骤如下：
1、疏浚底泥免烧骨料筛分：利用筛分机对疏浚底泥免烧骨料进行筛分，筛选粒径范围为1～5mm，筒压强度为9.8MPa，吸水率为5.4％的骨料作为透水砖细集料；将免烧骨料提前浸水润湿6min，浸水量为免烧骨料质量的6％；
2、预处理免烧骨料的制备：按照疏浚底泥免烧骨料65份、1～4mm的纤维材料5份配制预处理疏浚底泥免烧骨料；
3、基层配料：将水泥(通用PO 42.5)和粉煤灰混合搅拌，制得基层干混合料，称取预处 理的免烧砖骨料，所述干混合料与预处理免烧骨料所构成的基层配料的质量份数为：水泥18份、粉煤灰5份、预处理疏浚底泥免烧骨料80份；
4、基层配料加水搅拌：将预处理免烧砖骨料与干混合料所构成的基层配料置于搅拌机中搅拌，搅拌过程中加入为基层配料总质量6％的水，搅拌时间为5min；
5、面层配料：将水泥、石英砂和混凝土颜料混合搅拌，制得面层配料，所述面层配料的质量份数为：水泥15份、石英砂45份、混凝土颜料1份：
6、面层配料加水搅拌：将面层配料置于搅拌机中搅拌，搅拌过程中加入为面层配料总质量6％的水，搅拌时间为5min；
7、压砖机压制成型：先将拌合均匀的基层配料填放入压砖机的砖坯模具中，再将拌合均匀的面层配料均匀铺在基层上，上述基层配料与面层配料的质量份数为：基层配料80份、面层配料10份；基层配料与面层配料层叠完成后静置5min，然后启动压砖机将物料压制成透水砖砖坯，压制时间为5min，压力为15KN，得透水砖砖坯；
8、制品养护：制备出的透水砖砖坯表面覆盖保鲜膜，进行洒水自然养护15天，得到成品疏浚底泥透水砖。
通过检验，本实施例所得的疏浚底泥透水砖的抗压强度21.5MPa，透水系数为1.05×10 -2cm/s，完全符合GB/T《透水路面砖和透水路面板》的标准要求。
实施例2：
利用疏浚底泥免烧骨料制备透水砖的方法，包括步骤如下：
1、疏浚底泥免烧骨料筛分：利用筛分机对疏浚底泥免烧骨料进行筛分，筛选粒径范围为5～10mm，筒压强度为12.4MPa，吸水率为7.4％的骨料作为透水砖粗集料；将免烧骨料提前浸水润湿10min，浸水量为免烧骨料质量的8％；
2、骨料的预处理：按照疏浚底泥免烧骨料75份、1～4mm的纤维材料4份配制预处理疏浚底泥免烧骨料；
3、基层配料：将水泥(通用PO42.5)和粉煤灰混合搅拌，制得基层干混合料，称取预处 理的免烧砖骨料，所述干混合料与预处理免烧骨料所构成的基层配料质量份数为：水泥20份、粉煤灰5份、预处理疏浚底泥免烧骨料90份；
4、基层配料加水搅拌：将预处理免烧砖骨料与干混合料所构成的基层配料置于搅拌机中搅拌，搅拌过程中加入为基层配料总质量8％的水，搅拌时间为5min；
5、面层配料：将水泥、石英砂和混凝土颜料混合搅拌，制得面层配料，所述面层配料的质量份数为：水泥20份、石英砂50份、混凝土颜料3份：
6、面层配料加水搅拌：将面层配料置于搅拌机中搅拌，搅拌过程中加入为面层配料总质量7％的水，搅拌时间为10min；
7、压砖机压制成型：先将拌合均匀的基层配料填放入压砖机的砖坯模具中，再将拌合均匀的面层配料均匀铺在基层上，上述基层配料与面层配料的质量份数为：基层配料85份、面层配料15份；基层配料与面层配料层叠完成后静置7min，然后启动压砖机将物料压制成透水砖砖坯，压制时间为4min，压力为30KN，得透水砖砖坯；
8、制品养护：制备出的透水砖砖坯表面覆盖保鲜膜，进行洒水自然养护24天，得到成品疏浚底泥透水砖。
通过检验，本实施例所得的疏浚底泥透水砖的抗压强度22.7MPa，透水系数为1.13×10 -2cm/s，完全符合GB/T《透水路面砖和透水路面板》的标准要求。
实施例3：
利用疏浚底泥免烧骨料制备透水砖的方法，包括步骤如下：
1、疏浚底泥免烧骨料筛分：利用筛分机对疏浚底泥免烧骨料进行筛分，筛选粒径范围为1～5mm，筒压强度为12.4MPa，吸水率为6.5％的骨料与纤维材料4份作为透水砖集料；将免烧骨料提前浸水润湿8min，浸水量为免烧骨料质量的9％；
2、骨料的预处理：按照疏浚底泥免烧骨料85份、1～4mm的纤维材料3份配制预处理疏浚底泥免烧骨料；
3、基层配料：将水泥(通用PO52.5)和粉煤灰、纤维材料混合搅拌，制得基层干混合料， 称取预处理的免烧砖骨料，所述干混合料与预处理免烧骨料所构成的基层配料的质量份数为：水泥30份、粉煤灰8份、预处理疏浚底泥免烧骨料75份；
4、基层配料加水搅拌：将预处理免烧砖骨料与干混合料置于搅拌机中搅拌，搅拌过程中加入为基层配料总质量9％的水，搅拌时间为10min；
5、面层配料：将水泥、石英砂和混凝土颜料混合搅拌，制得面层配料，所述面层配料的质量份数为：水泥25份、石英砂60份、混凝土颜料3份：
6、面层配料加水搅拌：将面层配料置于搅拌机中搅拌，搅拌过程中加入为面层配料总质量9％的水，搅拌时间为5min；
7、压砖机压制成型：先将拌合均匀的基层配料填放入压砖机的砖坯模具中，再将拌合均匀的面层配料均匀铺在基层上，上述基层配料与面层配料的质量份数为：基层配料90份、面层配料20份；基层配料与面层配料层叠完成后静置3min，然后启动压砖机将物料压制成透水砖砖坯，压制时间为5min，压力为40KN，得透水砖砖坯；
8、制品养护：制备出的透水砖坯表面覆盖保鲜膜，进行洒水自然养护28天，得到成品疏浚底泥透水砖。
通过检验，本实施例所得的疏浚底泥透水砖的抗压强度25.6MPa，透水系数1.46×10 -2cm/s，完全符合GB/T《透水路面砖和透水路面板》的标准要求。
实施例4：
利用疏浚底泥免烧骨料制备透水砖的方法，包括步骤如下：
1、疏浚底泥免烧骨料筛分：利用筛分机对疏浚底泥免烧骨料进行筛分，筛选粒径范围为5～10mm，筒压强度为10.1MPa，吸水率为4.8％的骨料与纤维材料5份，作为透水砖集料；将免烧骨料提前浸水润湿15min，浸水量为免烧骨料质量的7％；
2、骨料的预处理：按照疏浚底泥免烧骨料90份、1～4mm的纤维材料1份配制预处理疏浚底泥免烧骨料；
3、基层配料：将水泥(通用PO52.5)和粉煤灰、纤维材料混合搅拌，制得基层干混合料， 称取预处理的免烧砖骨料，所述干混合料与预处理免烧骨料所构成的基层配料的质量份数为：水泥30份、粉煤灰5份、预处理疏浚底泥免烧骨料85份；
4、基层配料加水搅拌：将预处理免烧砖骨料与干混合料所构成的基层配料置于搅拌机中搅拌，搅拌过程中加入为基层配料总质量8％的水，搅拌时间为10min；
5、面层配料：将水泥、石英砂和混凝土颜料混合搅拌，制得面层配料，所述面层配料的质量份数为：水泥25份、石英砂55份、混凝土颜料2份：
6、面层配料加水搅拌：将面层配料置于搅拌机中搅拌，搅拌过程中加入为面层配料总质量9％的水，搅拌时间为5min；
7、压砖机压制成型：先将拌合均匀的基层配料填放入压砖机的砖坯模具中，再将拌合均匀的面层配料均匀铺在基层上，上述基层配料与面层配料的质量份数为：基层配料90份、面层配料20份；基层配料与面层配料层叠完成后静置9min，然后启动压砖机将物料压制成透水砖砖坯，压制时间为3min，压力为25KN，得透水砖砖坯；
8、制品养护：制备出的透水砖坯表面覆盖保鲜膜，进行洒水自然养护28天，得到成品疏浚底泥透水砖。
通过检验，本实施例所得的疏浚底泥透水砖的抗压强度20.4MPa，透水系数2.15×10 -2cm/s，完全符合GB/T《透水路面砖和透水路面板》的标准要求。

Claims (3)

  1. 利用疏浚底泥免烧骨料制备透水砖的方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
    ⑴疏浚底泥免烧骨料筛选：利用筛分机对疏浚底泥免烧骨料进行筛分，筛选得到免烧骨料，将免烧骨料提前浸水润湿1～15min，浸水量为免烧骨料质量的1％～10％；
    ⑵预处理免烧骨料的制备：免烧骨料与1～4mm的纤维材料的质量份数为：1～10mm骨料65～90份、1～4mm的纤维材料1～5份；
    ⑶基层配料：将水泥和粉煤灰混合搅拌，制得基层干混合料，称取预处理免烧骨料，上述基层干混合料与预处理免烧骨料的质量份数为：水泥15～30份、粉煤灰3～10份、预处理疏浚底泥免烧骨料65～90份；
    ⑷基层配料加水搅拌：将预处理免烧骨料与干混合料所形成的基层配料置于搅拌机中搅拌，搅拌过程中加入为基层配料总质量5％～15％的水，搅拌时间为5～10min；
    ⑸面层配料：将水泥、石英砂和混凝土颜料混合搅拌，制得面层配料，所述面层配料的质量份数为：水泥15～25份、石英砂45～60份、混凝土颜料1～5份；
    ⑹面层配料加水搅拌：将面层配料置于搅拌机中搅拌，搅拌过程中加入为面层配料总质量5％～10％的水，搅拌时间为5～10min；
    ⑺压砖机压制成型：先将拌合均匀的基层配料填放入压砖机的砖坯模具中，再将拌合均匀的面层配料均匀铺在基层配料上，相应的质量份数为：基层配料80～90份、面层配料10～20份；上述基层配料与面层配料层叠完成后静置，然后启动压砖机将物料压制成透水砖砖坯，压制时间为1～5min，压力为15～50KN，得免烧透水砖砖坯；
    ⑻制品养护：制备出的透水砖砖坯表面覆盖保鲜膜，进行洒水自然养护3～28天，得到成品疏浚底泥免烧骨料透水砖。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的利用疏浚底泥免烧骨料制备透水砖的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤⑴中免烧骨料的筒压强度为5～15MPa，免烧骨料的吸水率为4％～10％。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的利用疏浚底泥免烧骨料制备透水砖的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤⑺中基层配料与面层配料层叠完成后静置时间为1～10min。
    根据权利要求1所述的利用疏浚底泥免烧骨料制备透水砖的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤⑻中洒水的时间间隔为8～14h。
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