WO2020103565A1 - 一种基于区块链的出租车营运方法和装置 - Google Patents

一种基于区块链的出租车营运方法和装置

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Publication number
WO2020103565A1
WO2020103565A1 PCT/CN2019/107217 CN2019107217W WO2020103565A1 WO 2020103565 A1 WO2020103565 A1 WO 2020103565A1 CN 2019107217 W CN2019107217 W CN 2019107217W WO 2020103565 A1 WO2020103565 A1 WO 2020103565A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
taxi
blockchain
carrier
transaction
identity authentication
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PCT/CN2019/107217
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李敏
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阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司
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Application filed by 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 filed Critical 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司
Publication of WO2020103565A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020103565A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/382—Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction
    • G06Q20/3825—Use of electronic signatures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/40—Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
    • G06Q20/401—Transaction verification
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
    • G06Q30/0645—Rental transactions; Leasing transactions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/40—Business processes related to the transportation industry

Definitions

  • This specification relates to the field of blockchain network technology, in particular to a blockchain-based taxi operation method and device.
  • Blockchain technology also known as distributed ledger technology, is an emerging technology in which several computing devices jointly participate in "bookkeeping" and jointly maintain a complete distributed database.
  • Blockchain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, openness and transparency, each computing device can participate in database records, and data synchronization can be quickly performed between computing devices, making blockchain technology widely used in many fields. To apply.
  • This specification provides a taxi operation method based on the blockchain, which includes the node equipment of the taxi operator; the blockchain is backed up by the taxi operator and the carrier based on target rental A lease contract for a car, the lease contract includes a rental fee payment plan based on the target taxi; the method includes:
  • the node device of the taxi operator obtains a passenger's vehicle use record of the target taxi, wherein the vehicle use record includes at least the order fee of the passenger using the target taxi;
  • the order fee is allocated.
  • the vehicle use record and the vehicle use record transaction further include the content of the travel record of the passenger during the use of the target taxi.
  • the lease contract also includes an electronic signature made by the taxi operator and the carrier based on the lease contract.
  • the lease contract is deployed as a smart contract on the blockchain
  • the allocation of the order fee based on the rental fee payment plan includes:
  • the method further includes:
  • the method further includes:
  • the identity authentication information includes one of the carrier ’s ID card information, household registration information, biometric information, physical health status information, driving permit certification information, and driving behavior history information One or more.
  • this specification also provides a taxi operating device based on the blockchain, the blockchain includes the node equipment of the taxi operator; the blockchain operator and the carrier are backed up on the blockchain Based on the rental contract of the target taxi, the rental contract includes a rental fee payment plan based on the target taxi; the device includes:
  • An obtaining unit the node device of the taxi operator obtains a vehicle usage record of a passenger using a target taxi, wherein the vehicle usage record includes at least an order fee of the passenger using the target taxi;
  • the sending unit sends the first transaction including the vehicle use record to the blockchain, so that the first transaction is included in the distributed database of the blockchain after being verified by the blockchain consensus;
  • the allocation unit allocates the order fee based on the rental fee payment plan.
  • the vehicle use record and the vehicle use record transaction further include the content of the travel record of the passenger during the use of the target taxi.
  • the lease contract also includes an electronic signature made by the taxi operator and the carrier based on the lease contract.
  • the lease contract is deployed as a smart contract on the blockchain
  • the distribution unit :
  • the device further includes a storage unit:
  • the acquiring unit acquires the identity authentication information of the carrier
  • the sending unit sends a third transaction including the identity authentication information to the blockchain, so that the third transaction is included in the distributed database of the blockchain after being verified by the blockchain consensus .
  • the identity authentication information includes one of the carrier ’s ID card information, household registration information, biometric information, physical health status information, driving permit certification information, and driving behavior history information One or more.
  • This specification also provides a computer device, including: a memory and a processor; a computer program executable by the processor is stored on the memory; when the processor runs the computer program, the above-mentioned blockchain-based leasing is executed The steps described in the car operation method.
  • This specification also provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored.
  • the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps described in the above blockchain-based taxi operation method are performed.
  • the taxi operation method and device based on the blockchain provided in this specification can run the blockchain's node protocol and join the blockchain network.
  • the blockchain-based taxi operation method provided in this manual sends the taxi operator and the carrier's rental contract based on the target taxi, and the taxi operator's use records obtained by the taxi operator to use the target taxi to Record and document proof on the blockchain.
  • the data information backed up in the distributed database of the blockchain will not be tampered after being provided, thereby ensuring the authenticity of the content of the lease contract and the passengers ’car records, which is convenient for taxi operators Carrier and the carrier based on the above passengers' vehicle records for cost allocation, judicial evidence collection and other operations.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a blockchain-based taxi operation method shown in an embodiment provided by this specification
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a blockchain-based taxi operating device provided by an embodiment provided by this specification
  • FIG. 3 is a hardware structure diagram of an embodiment of a blockchain-based taxi operation device provided in this specification.
  • the steps of the corresponding method are not necessarily performed in the order shown and described in this specification.
  • the method may include more or fewer steps than described in this specification.
  • the single step described in this specification may be decomposed into multiple steps for description in other embodiments; and the multiple steps described in this specification may also be combined into a single step in other embodiments. description.
  • FIG. 1 is a taxi operation method based on a blockchain provided by an exemplary embodiment, the blockchain includes a node device of a taxi operator.
  • the blockchain described in this embodiment may specifically refer to a P2P network system with distributed data storage structure reached by each node through a consensus mechanism, and the data in the blockchain is distributed in time-connected "areas" Within the “block", the latter block contains the data summary of the previous block, and according to the specific consensus mechanism (such as POW, POS, DPOS or PBFT, etc.), a full backup of all or part of the node's data is achieved .
  • the specific consensus mechanism such as POW, POS, DPOS or PBFT, etc.
  • the blockchain using Pow consensus requires at least the entire network Only an attack of 51% of the computing power is possible to tamper with the existing data. Therefore, the blockchain system has the characteristics of ensuring data security and preventing attack and tampering comparable to other centralized database systems. It can be seen that, in the embodiments provided in this specification, the data included in the distributed database of the blockchain will not be attacked or tampered, thereby ensuring the authenticity and fairness of the data related to taxi operations.
  • the "taxi operator" described in this embodiment may include organizations or individuals who enjoy the property rights or operation rights of taxis, such as taxi management companies. Taxi operators usually manage multiple taxis, and by signing a taxi operation contract with a taxi carrier (usually a taxi driver), the operation and management of taxis is carried out.
  • the lease contract may include the subject matter of the lease, the lease term, the rent payment plan, or other rights and obligations; as for the taxi payment plan, those skilled in the art will know that it can usually include the carrier ’s Proportional distribution of order fees and other content.
  • the backup deployment party of the rental contract described in this embodiment may be the above-mentioned taxi operator or carrier, or it may be a dedicated user on the blockchain used to deploy the taxi rental contract. limited.
  • the lease contract in order to ensure the accuracy of the above lease contract, to prevent other users from tampering with the contents, and to affect the legality of the above lease contract, the lease contract also includes the taxi operator and the carrier based on An electronic signature made by all or part of the content of the lease contract, thereby effectively preventing the content of the lease contract from being maliciously tampered with.
  • the above lease contract can also be compiled into a smart contract, which is deployed on the blockchain after the consensus of the blockchain nodes, and the user can perform the above lease contract by calling the above smart contract Deposit and fulfill.
  • the above smart contract can correspond to the deposit and fulfillment of one taxi rental contract, and can also correspond to the deposit and fulfillment of multiple taxi rental contracts.
  • the above smart contract can be used as a business contract for taxi rental on the blockchain. Any user on the blockchain with the authority specified in the smart contract can call the smart contract to complete the deposit of the taxi rental contract. And fulfillment.
  • smart contract should be called at any time according to the user's request, which greatly improves the efficiency of taxi rental contract fulfillment; and smart contract execution has the advantages of lower human intervention and decentralized authority, more Increased the fairness of taxi operations.
  • the above-mentioned taxi operator or taxi carrier equipment can be added to the blockchain as a node device of the blockchain by installing according to the corresponding node protocol and running the node protocol program. It is worth noting that the node device described in this specification can include either a full node that backs up all the data of the distributed database of the above-mentioned blockchain, or a part of the data of the distributed database of the above-mentioned blockchain.
  • the light node or client is not limited in this manual.
  • Step 102 The node device of the taxi operator obtains a passenger's vehicle use record of the target taxi, where the vehicle record transaction includes at least the passenger's order fee for using the target taxi.
  • the node device of the taxi operator can obtain the passenger's use record of the target taxi.
  • the obtaining method may include: obtaining through a vehicle record collection device installed on the target taxi, such as a meter (available Including mileage calculator) can obtain order cost or / and mileage statistics data, driving recorder can collect the video or audio information of the target taxi during the above passengers' car use; after the above car record collection device obtains the above car record , You can remotely communicate with the node device of the taxi operator through the network device configured in the target taxi, and send the above vehicle records to the node device of the taxi operator in real time or occasionally; the target taxi can also Run to a designated location (such as a delivery location) for a predetermined period of time, centrally transmit the vehicle use records stored in the vehicle vehicle record collection device to the node device of the taxi operator, or communicate with the node device of the target taxi.
  • a vehicle record collection device installed on the target taxi, such as a meter (available Including mileage calculator) can obtain order cost or / and mileage statistics data
  • the passenger ’s record of using the target taxi should at least include the order cost of the passenger using the target taxi, so that the taxi operator can manage the order cost of the target taxi, such as the carrier of the target taxi Divided based on order costs.
  • the vehicle use record may further include the travel record content of the passenger during the use of the target taxi, such as road condition video, or in-vehicle video / audio, or passenger route record, etc. It is convenient for the taxi operator to manage the target taxi safely, and it is also possible to deposit certificates for possible road disputes.
  • Step 104 Send the first transaction including the vehicle use record to the blockchain, so that the first transaction is included in the distributed database of the blockchain after being verified by the blockchain consensus.
  • the transfer described in this specification refers to a piece of data that a user creates through a node device (such as a client) of the blockchain and needs to be finally released to the distributed database of the blockchain.
  • a node device such as a client
  • the narrow sense of the transaction refers to a value transfer issued by the user to the blockchain; for example, in the traditional Bitcoin blockchain network, the transaction can be a transfer initiated by the user in the blockchain.
  • the generalized transaction refers to a piece of business data released by the user to the blockchain with business intent; for example, the data published in the above-mentioned embodiment of this specification to the blockchain, including the above-mentioned vehicle record, is It may be a transaction; or the above data including the vehicle records may be sorted according to a preset transaction data format to be converted into a transaction, etc., thereby generating the above-mentioned first transaction.
  • the detailed process of uploading the first transaction to the distributed database of the blockchain described in this embodiment may be specifically set according to the consensus mechanism and transaction verification rules of the blockchain.
  • the specific process of including the first transaction in the distributed database of the blockchain may include:
  • the consensus accounting node adds the first transaction to the candidate block
  • the consensus accounting node broadcasts the candidate block to the nodes of the blockchain
  • the candidate block After the candidate block passes the verification of the predetermined number of nodes of the blockchain, the candidate block is regarded as the latest block and is added to the distributed database of the blockchain.
  • the above consensus mechanism may include a proof of work mechanism (PoW), or a proof of rights mechanism (PoS), or a proof of share authorization mechanism (DPoS), etc.
  • PoW proof of work mechanism
  • PoS proof of rights mechanism
  • DoS proof of share authorization mechanism
  • the consortium chain usually adopts proof-of-stake or consensus algorithms such as PBFT and RAFT; due to the high efficiency of consensus using this algorithm, it can meet the needs of high-frequency transaction volume, and the delay of consensus is very low, which can quickly
  • the above-mentioned first transaction is included in the newborn block (especially for the case where the taxi operator node device obtains the above-mentioned vehicle use record in real time, and uploads the first transaction including the vehicle use record in real time);
  • the letter node takes into account the security and stability; in addition, the use of the PBFT algorithm will not consume too much computing power resources, nor does it necessarily require token circulation, so it has good usability.
  • Step 106 Allocate the order fee based on the rental fee payment plan.
  • the taxi operator and the carrier Based on the rental fee payment plan included in the lease contract, the taxi operator and the carrier distribute the order fees for the above-mentioned passengers to use the target taxi in accordance with the proportion agreed in the contract. It is worth noting that the above-mentioned distribution of the order fee can be calculated in real time based only on the order fee to allocate the fee between the taxi operator and the carrier; or it can be based on the sum of multiple order fees Perform calculations in stages to allocate costs between the above-mentioned operators and carriers; it may also include other specific forms of cost allocation, which are not limited in this specification. Moreover, the above-mentioned allocation of the order fee can be achieved either on the blockchain by sending transfer transactions between the operator and the carrier, or outside the blockchain through resource allocation methods such as cash delivery and online bank transfer.
  • the above step based on the rental fee payment scheme and the step of allocating the order fee may be performed based on the above
  • the first transaction is implemented by calling the above smart contract: the nodes on the blockchain can obtain the above first transaction, call the smart contract and execute the smart contract based on the smart contract address and interface included in the first exchange
  • the declared rental fee payment logic allocates the order fee to the carrier and the taxi operator.
  • the taxi operation method based on the blockchain described in this embodiment sends the taxi operator and the carrier's rental contract based on the target taxi, and the passenger record of the passenger using the target taxi obtained by the taxi operator Go to the blockchain for record keeping.
  • the data information backed up in the distributed database of the blockchain will not be tampered after being provided, thereby ensuring the authenticity of the content of the lease contract and the passengers ’car records, which is convenient for taxi operators Carrier and the carrier based on the above passengers' vehicle records for cost allocation, judicial evidence collection and other operations.
  • the above identity authentication information includes but is not limited to the carrier ’s identity card information, household registration information, biometric information 1.
  • One or more of the information about the qualification for driving permit For example, with the promulgation of taxi-related laws and regulations, the taxi carrier needs to verify the real-name of the taxi, and the taxi operator needs to check whether the carrier ’s identity certification information meets the laws and regulations of the region regarding the taxi carrier. (Including residence requirements, driving age requirements, traffic violations, etc.); for example, in the investigation and evidence collection of road behavior violations or other accidents, the judiciary needs to verify the identity of the taxi driver or carrier to prevent Others are posing as alternatives.
  • the above identification process needs to be collected and identified by the biological information of the taxi driver or carrier.
  • the taxi operator shall store the identity verification information of the backup taxi carrier for search, review or verification.
  • the blockchain with data tamper resistance provides powerful technical support for the taxi operator to deposit the identity authentication information of the target taxi carrier.
  • the lease contract since the lease contract usually records the identity information of both parties of the contract, such as name, ID card information, organization information, etc., in this embodiment, the identity authentication information described in the above embodiment may be Collected in the above lease contract.
  • the lease contract containing the identity authentication information of the above carrier is included in the distributed database of the above-mentioned blockchain.
  • the anti-tampering mechanism of the blockchain provides a technical basis for the above-mentioned lease contract to deposit certificates.
  • the above blockchain-based taxi operation method further includes receiving identity authentication including the carrier in order to complete the identification authentication information of the carrier user in the lease contract A second transaction of information; calling the smart contract, executing the storage logic of the carrier's identity authentication information declared by the smart contract, and storing the carrier's identity authentication information in the smart contract.
  • the above process of storing the identity authentication information of the carrier in the lease contract can be regarded as the process of updating the smart contract, and the results of the execution of the above smart contract by the nodes in the blockchain need to go through the blockchain After the consensus is verified, it can be included in the distributed database of the blockchain.
  • the specific process is similar to the process in which the first transaction is included in the distributed database of the blockchain, and will not be repeated here.
  • the above storage of the identity authentication information of the carrier is achieved by the taxi operator sending a third transaction to the blockchain to store the above identity authentication information:
  • the node device of the taxi operator obtains the identity authentication information of the carrier; sends a third transaction including the identity authentication information to the blockchain, so that the third transaction is agreed by the blockchain After verification, it is included in the distributed database of the blockchain.
  • the specific process in which the third transaction is included in the distributed database of the blockchain is similar to the specific process in which the first transaction is included, and details are not described herein.
  • the carrier of the target taxi can pay the taxi operator the basic rental fee or deposit fee or other deposit fees for carrying the target taxi to establish credit for the above carrier.
  • the above-mentioned payment can be completed by the taxi carrier issuing a transfer transaction on the blockchain.
  • the above-mentioned transfer transaction can either be directly transferred by the above-mentioned carrier to the operator's account, or by the above-mentioned carrier
  • the above smart contract is called, and the smart contract completes the collection or transfer of the above deposit fees, etc., so that the blockchain deposits the above payment behavior and payment amount.
  • the taxi operator can base on the good driving behavior of the carrier Historical, or healthy body status and other identity authentication information, without charging the carrier a deposit for the target taxi, thereby encouraging more carriers to participate in carrying the target taxi operated by the above-mentioned taxi operator.
  • the embodiments of the present specification also provide a taxi operating device based on blockchain.
  • the device can be implemented by software, or by hardware or a combination of hardware and software. Taking software implementation as an example, as a logical device, it is formed by reading the corresponding computer program instructions into the memory through the CPU (Central Processing Unit) of the device where it is located. From a hardware perspective, in addition to the CPU, memory, and storage shown in FIG. 3, the device where the device for implementing network risk services usually includes other hardware such as chips for wireless signal transmission and reception, and / or for implementation Network communication function boards and other hardware.
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • FIG. 2 shows a taxi operating device 20 based on a blockchain
  • the blockchain includes node devices of a taxi operator
  • the blockchain is backed up by the taxi operator and the carrier based on A rental contract for a target taxi
  • the rental contract includes a rental fee payment scheme based on the target taxi
  • the device 20 includes:
  • An obtaining unit 202 the node device of the taxi operator obtains a passenger's car use record of the target taxi, wherein the car use record includes at least the passenger's order fee for using the target taxi;
  • the sending unit 204 sends the first transaction including the vehicle use record to the blockchain, so that the first transaction is included in the distributed database of the blockchain after being verified by the blockchain consensus;
  • the allocation unit 206 allocates the order fee based on the rental fee payment plan.
  • the vehicle use record and the vehicle use record transaction further include the content of the travel record of the passenger during the use of the target taxi.
  • the lease contract also includes an electronic signature made by the taxi operator and the carrier based on the lease contract.
  • the lease contract is deployed as a smart contract on the blockchain
  • the distribution unit 206 The distribution unit 206:
  • the device further includes a storage unit 208:
  • the acquiring unit 202 acquires the identity authentication information of the carrier
  • the sending unit 204 sends a third transaction including the identity authentication information to the blockchain, so that the third transaction is included in the distributed blockchain after being verified by the blockchain consensus database.
  • the identity authentication information includes one of the carrier ’s ID card information, household registration information, biometric information, physical health status information, driving permit certification information, and driving behavior history information One or more.
  • the device embodiments described above are only schematic, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical modules, that is, may be located One place, or can be distributed to multiple network modules. Some or all of the units or modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the solutions in this specification. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement without paying creative labor.
  • a typical implementation device is a computer, and the specific form of the computer may be a personal computer, a laptop computer, a cellular phone, a camera phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant, a media player, a navigation device, an email sending and receiving device, and a game control Desk, tablet computer, wearable device, or any combination of these devices.
  • the embodiments of the present specification also provide a computer device, which includes a memory and a processor.
  • a computer program that can be executed by the processor is stored on the memory; when the processor runs the stored computer program, each step of the taxi operation method based on the blockchain in the embodiment of the present specification is executed.
  • each step of the taxi operation method based on the blockchain in the embodiment of the present specification is executed.
  • the embodiments of the present specification also provide a computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer programs on the storage medium.
  • the computer program is executed based on The steps of the blockchain taxi operation method.
  • the various steps of the blockchain-based taxi operation method please refer to the previous content, and will not be repeated.
  • the computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.
  • processors CPUs
  • input / output interfaces output interfaces
  • network interfaces network interfaces
  • memory volatile and non-volatile memory
  • the memory may include non-permanent memory, random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory in computer-readable media, such as read only memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM). Memory is an example of computer-readable media.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • flash RAM flash memory
  • Computer-readable media including permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, can store information by any method or technology.
  • the information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data.
  • Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, read-only compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical storage, Magnetic tape cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or any other non-transmission media can be used to store information that can be accessed by computing devices. As defined in this article, computer-readable media does not include temporary computer-readable media (transitory media), such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.
  • PRAM phase change memory
  • SRAM static random access memory
  • DRAM dynamic random access memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • flash memory or other memory technologies
  • CD-ROM compact disc read-only memory
  • DVD digital versatile disc
  • the embodiments of the present specification may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the embodiments of the present specification may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the embodiments of this specification may take the form of computer program products implemented on one or more computer usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer usable program code .
  • computer usable storage media including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.

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Abstract

本说明书的一个或多个实施例提供了一种基于区块链的出租车营运方法和装置，所述区块链包括出租车营运方的节点设备；所述区块链上备份有所述出租车营运方与承运方基于目标出租车的租赁合约，所述租赁合约包括基于所述目标出租车的租金费用支付方案；所述方法包括：所述出租车营运方的节点设备获取乘客使用目标出租车的用车记录，其中，所述用车记录至少包括所述乘客使用目标出租车的订单费用；向所述区块链发送包括所述用车记录的第一交易，以使所述第一交易被所述区块链共识验证后收录于所述区块链的分布式数据库；基于所述租金费用支付方案，分配所述订单费用。

Description

一种基于区块链的出租车营运方法和装置 技术领域
本说明书涉及区块链网络技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于区块链的出租车营运方法和装置。
背景技术
区块链技术，也被称之为分布式账本技术，是一种由若干台计算设备共同参与“记账”，共同维护一份完整的分布式数据库的新兴技术。由于区块链技术具有去中心化、公开透明、每台计算设备可以参与数据库记录、并且各计算设备之间可以快速的进行数据同步的特性，使得区块链技术已在众多的领域中广泛的进行应用。
发明内容
本说明书提供了一种基于区块链的出租车营运方法，所述区块链包括出租车营运方的节点设备；所述区块链上备份有所述出租车营运方与承运方基于目标出租车的租赁合约，所述租赁合约包括基于所述目标出租车的租金费用支付方案；所述方法包括：
所述出租车营运方的节点设备获取乘客使用目标出租车的用车记录，其中，所述用车记录至少包括所述乘客使用目标出租车的订单费用；
向所述区块链发送包括所述用车记录的第一交易，以使所述第一交易被所述区块链共识验证后收录于所述区块链的分布式数据库；
基于所述租金费用支付方案，分配所述订单费用。
在又一示出的实施方式中，所述用车记录和所述用车记录交易还包括所述乘客使用所述目标出租车期间的行车记录内容。
在又一示出的实施方式中，所述租赁合约还包括所述出租车营运方和承运方基于所述租赁合约而作的电子签名。
在又一示出的实施方式中，所述租赁合约在所述区块链上被部署为智能合约；
所述基于所述租金费用支付方案，分配所述订单费用，包括：
调用所述智能合约，执行所述智能合约声明的租金费用支付逻辑，向所述承运方和 所述出租车营运方分配所述订单费用。
在又一示出的实施方式中，所述的方法还包括：
接收包括所述承运方的身份认证信息的第二交易；
调用所述智能合约，执行所述智能合约声明的承运方身份认证信息的存证逻辑，将所述承运方的身份认证信息存储于所述智能合约。
在又一示出的实施方式中，所述的方法还包括：
获取所述承运方的身份认证信息；
向所述区块链发送包括所述身份认证信息的第三交易，以使所述第三交易被所述区块链共识验证后收录于所述区块链的分布式数据库。
在又一示出的实施方式中，所述身份认证信息包括所述承运方的身份证信息、户口信息、生物特征信息、身体健康状态信息、准驾资格证明信息、驾驶行为历史信息中的一种或多种。
相应的，本说明书还提供了一种基于区块链的出租车营运装置，所述区块链包括出租车营运方的节点设备；所述区块链上备份有所述出租车营运方与承运方基于目标出租车的租赁合约，所述租赁合约包括基于所述目标出租车的租金费用支付方案；所述装置包括：
获取单元，所述出租车营运方的节点设备获取乘客使用目标出租车的用车记录，其中，所述用车记录至少包括所述乘客使用目标出租车的订单费用；
发送单元，向所述区块链发送包括所述用车记录的第一交易，以使所述第一交易被所述区块链共识验证后收录于所述区块链的分布式数据库；
分配单元，基于所述租金费用支付方案，分配所述订单费用。
在又一示出的实施方式中，所述用车记录和所述用车记录交易还包括所述乘客使用所述目标出租车期间的行车记录内容。
在又一示出的实施方式中，所述租赁合约还包括所述出租车营运方和承运方基于所述租赁合约而作的电子签名。
在又一示出的实施方式中，所述租赁合约在所述区块链上被部署为智能合约；
所述分配单元：
调用所述智能合约，执行所述智能合约声明的租金费用支付逻辑，向所述承运方和所述出租车营运方分配所述订单费用。
在又一示出的实施方式中，所述的装置还包括存储单元：
接收包括所述承运方的身份认证信息的第二交易；
调用所述智能合约，执行所述智能合约声明的承运方身份认证信息的存证逻辑，将所述承运方的身份认证信息存储于所述智能合约。
在又一示出的实施方式中，所述获取单元：获取所述承运方的身份认证信息；
所述发送单元：向所述区块链发送包括所述身份认证信息的第三交易，以使所述第三交易被所述区块链共识验证后收录于所述区块链的分布式数据库。
在又一示出的实施方式中，所述身份认证信息包括所述承运方的身份证信息、户口信息、生物特征信息、身体健康状态信息、准驾资格证明信息、驾驶行为历史信息中的一种或多种。
本说明书还提供了一种计算机设备，包括：存储器和处理器；所述存储器上存储有可由处理器运行的计算机程序；所述处理器运行所述计算机程序时，执行上述基于区块链的出租车营运方法所述的步骤。
本说明书还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器运行时，执行上述基于区块链的出租车营运方法所述的步骤。
由以上技术方案可见，本说明书提供的基于区块链的出租车营运方法及装置，出租车营运方设备可运行区块链的节点协议加入到区块链网络中。本说明书所提供的基于区块链的出租车营运方法，将出租车营运方及承运方基于目标出租车的租赁合约、及出租车营运方获取到的乘客使用目标出租车的用车记录发送至区块链上进行记录存证。基于区块链的共识机制，备份在区块链的分布式数据库中的数据信息不会在提供后被篡改，从而保证了租赁合约内容、及乘客用车记录的真实性，便于出租车营运方和承运方基于上述乘客用车记录进行费用分配、司法取证等操作。
附图说明
图1为本说明书所提供的一实施例所示的基于区块链的出租车营运方法的流程图；
图2为本说明书所提供的一实施例提供的基于区块链的出租车营运装置的示意图；
图3为运行本说明书所提供的基于区块链的出租车营运装置实施例的一种硬件结构图。
具体实施方式
这里将详细地对示例性实施例进行说明，其示例表示在附图中。下面的描述涉及附图时，除非另有表示，不同附图中的相同数字表示相同或相似的要素。以下示例性实施例中所描述的实施方式并不代表与本说明书一个或多个实施例相一致的所有实施方式。相反，它们仅是与如所附权利要求书中所详述的、本说明书一个或多个实施例的一些方面相一致的装置和方法的例子。
需要说明的是：在其他实施例中并不一定按照本说明书示出和描述的顺序来执行相应方法的步骤。在一些其他实施例中，其方法所包括的步骤可以比本说明书所描述的更多或更少。此外，本说明书中所描述的单个步骤，在其他实施例中可能被分解为多个步骤进行描述；而本说明书中所描述的多个步骤，在其他实施例中也可能被合并为单个步骤进行描述。
图1是一示例性实施例提供的一种基于区块链的出租车营运方法，所述区块链包括出租车营运方的节点设备。
本实施例所述的区块链，具体可指一个各节点通过共识机制达成的、具有分布式数据存储结构的P2P网络***，该区块链内的数据分布在时间上相连的一个个“区块(block)”之内，后一区块包含前一区块的数据摘要，且根据具体的共识机制(如POW、POS、DPOS或PBFT等)的不同，达成全部或部分节点的数据全备份。本领域的技术人员熟知，由于区块链***在相应共识机制下运行，已收录至区块链数据库内的数据很难被任意的节点篡改，例如采用Pow共识的区块链，至少需要全网51％算力的攻击才有可能篡改已有数据，因此区块链***有着其他中心化数据库***所法比拟的保证数据安全、防攻击篡改的特性。由此可知，在本说明书所提供的实施例中，被收录至区块链的分布式数据库中的数据不会被攻击或篡改，从而保证了出租车营运相关数据的真实与公正性。
本实施例所述的“出租车营运方”可以包括享有出租车的物权或营运权的组织机构或个人，如出租车管理公司等。出租车营运方通常管理有多辆出租车，通过与出租车承运方(通常为出租车驾驶员)签订出租车营运合约，进行出租车的营运管理行为。租赁合约可包含租赁标的物、租赁期限、租金支付方案、或其他权利义务等内容；关于出租 车的租金支付方案，本领域的技术人员可知，通常可包含承运方基于乘客使用出租车而产生的订单费用的按比例分配方式等内容。
值得注意的是，本实施例所述的租赁合约的备份部署方可以是上述出租车营运方或承运方，也可以是区块链上用以部署出租车租赁合约的专有用户，在此不作限定。
在一示出的实施方式中，为保证上述租赁合约的准确性，防止其他用户篡改其中的内容，影响上述租赁合约的合法性，所述租赁合约还包括所述出租车营运方和承运方基于所述租赁合约的全部或部分内容而作的电子签名，从而有效地防止租赁合约的内容被恶意篡改。
在又一示出的实施方式中，还可将上述租赁合约编译为智能合约，经过区块链的节点共识后被部署至区块链上，用户可以通过调用上述智能合约履行对上述租赁合约的存证及履行。上述智能合约可以对应一份出租车租赁合约的存证及履行，还可对应多份出租车租赁合约的存证及履行。可选的，上述智能合约可以作为区块链上进行出租车租赁的业务合约，区块链上任何具有该智能合约规定权限的用户均可调用该智能合约，完成其出租车租赁合约的存证及履行。
本领域的技术人员应知，智能合约在任何时候应相应用户的请求而调用，大大提升出租车租赁合约履行的效率；且智能合约执行有着较低的人为干预、去中心化权威的优势，更加增加了出租车营运行为的公平性。
上述出租车营运方、或出租车承运方的设备，均可通过遵循相应节点协议、运行节点协议程序的安装来加入作该区块链，作为该区块链的节点设备。值得注意的是，本说明书中所述的节点设备，既可以包括备份有上述区块链的分布式数据库的全部数据的全节点，也可以包括备份有上述区块链的分布式数据库的部分数据的轻节点或客户端，在本说明书中不作限定。
本实施例所提供的出租车营运管理方法包括：
步骤102，所述出租车营运方的节点设备获得乘客使用所述目标出租车的用车记录，其中，所述用车记录交易至少包括所述乘客使用目标出租车的订单费用。
乘客在使用目标出租车完毕后，出租车营运方的节点设备可获得该乘客使用目标出租车的用车记录。本说明书并不限定上述出租车营运方获取乘客使用目标出租车的用车记录的具体方法，例如该获取方法可以包括：通过目标出租车上安装的用车记录采集设备获得，如计价器(可包括里程计算器)可获得订单费用或/及里程统计数据，行车记录 仪可采集目标出租车在上述乘客用车期间的视频或音频信息等；上述用车记录采集设备获取到上述用车记录后，可以通过目标出租车内配置的网络装置与出租车营运方的节点设备进行远程通讯，将上述用车记录实时或间或性发送至出租车营运方的节点设备；该目标出租车也可每隔预定的时长运行到指定的地点(如交车地点)，将车内用车记录采集设备存储的用车记录集中传输至出租车营运方的节点设备，或与该出租车营运方的节点设备通信相连的其他设备，等等。
如上所述，乘客使用目标出租车的用车记录，至少应包括乘客使用目标出租车的订单费用，以便该出租车营运方进行目标出租车的订单费用管理，如与该目标出租车的承运方基于订单费用进行分成等。在又一示出的实施方式中，上述用车记录还可包括上述乘客使用上述目标出租车期间的行车记录内容，如路况视频、或车内视频/音频、或乘客用车路线记录等，既方便出租车营运方对目标出租车进行安全管理，又可为可能发生的道路纠纷进行存证。
步骤104，向所述区块链发送包括所述用车记录的第一交易，以使所述第一交易被所述区块链共识验证后收录于所述区块链的分布式数据库。
在本说明书中所描述的交易(transfer)，是指用户通过区块链的节点设备(如客户端)创建，并需要最终发布至区块链的分布式数据库中的一笔数据。其中，区块链中的交易，存在狭义的交易以及广义的交易之分。狭义的交易是指用户向区块链发布的一笔价值转移；例如，在传统的比特币区块链网络中，交易可以是用户在区块链中发起的一笔转账。而广义的交易是指用户向区块链发布的一笔具有业务意图的业务数据；例如，本说明书的上述实施例所述的发布至上述区块链中的、包括上述用车记录的数据即可以为一笔交易；或者将上述包括用车记录的数据按照预设的交易数据格式整理，从而转化为一笔交易，等等，从而生成上述第一交易。
本实施例所述的将所述第一交易上传到所述区块链的分布式数据库中的详细过程，可依据所述区块链的共识机制及交易验证规则而具体设定。在一示出的实施例中，将上述第一交易收录至上述区块链的分布式数据库中的具体过程，可以包括:
确定满足所述区块链共识机制的共识记账节点；
所述共识记账节点将所述第一交易加入到候选区块；
所述共识记账节点向所述区块链的节点广播所述候选区块；
在所述候选区块通过所述区块链符合预设数量的节点的验证认可后，所述候选区块 被视为最新区块，加入到所述区块链的分布式数据库中。
上述共识机制可以包括工作量证明机制(PoW)、或权利证明机制(PoS)、或股份授权证明机制(DPoS)等。为降低交易或数据的确认时间、提高交易吞吐量、满足对安全和性能的需求，本说明书所提供的实施例还可选用联盟链架构来构建该区块链。联盟链通常多采用权益证明或PBFT、RAFT等共识算法；由于采用该种算法共识的效率高，可满足高频交易量的需求，且共识的时延很低，能快速地在区块链的新生区块中收录上述第一交易(尤其适用于出租车营运方节点设备实时获取上述用车记录，并实时上传包括该用车记录的第一交易的情况)；而且，将联盟链网络中可信节点作为预选的记账节点，兼顾了安全性与稳定性；另外，采用PBFT算法不会消耗过多的计算机算力资源，也不一定需要代币流通，因此具有良好的可使用性。
步骤106，基于所述租金费用支付方案，分配所述订单费用。
出租车营运方和承运方基于所述租赁合约内包括的租金费用支付方案，按照合约约定的比例分配上述乘客使用目标出租车的订单费用。值得注意的是，上述分配所述订单费用，既可以是仅基于该笔订单费用进行实时计算，以在出租车营运方和承运方之间进行费用分配；也可以是基于多笔订单费用的总和阶段性进行计算，以在上述营运方和承运方之间进行费用分配；还可包括其他可以实现费用分配的具体形式，在本说明书中不作限定。而且，上述分配所述订单费用，既可以在区块链上通过营运方和承运方之间相互发送转账交易实现，也可在区块链外通过现金交付、网上银行转账等资源分配方式实现。
在又一示出的实施例中，当上述租赁合约在所述区块链上被部署为智能合约时，上述基于所述租金费用支付方案，分配所述订单费用的步骤的执行可通过基于上述第一交易调用上述智能合约来实现：所述区块链上的节点可获取到上述第一交易，基于第一交易所包含的智能合约地址及接口，调用所述智能合约，执行所述智能合约声明的租金费用支付逻辑，向所述承运方和所述出租车营运方分配所述订单费用。
本实施例所述的基于区块链的出租车营运方法，将出租车营运方及承运方基于目标出租车的租赁合约、及出租车营运方获取到的乘客使用目标出租车的用车记录发送至区块链上进行记录存证。基于区块链的共识机制，备份在区块链的分布式数据库中的数据信息不会在提供后被篡改，从而保证了租赁合约内容、及乘客用车记录的真实性，便于出租车营运方和承运方基于上述乘客用车记录进行费用分配、司法取证等操作。
为保证出租车营运合法合规安全，出租车营运方通常需要收集审核出租车承运方的身份认证信息，上述身份认证信息包括但不限于所述承运方的身份证信息、户口信息、生物特征信息、准驾资格证明信息中的一种或多种。例如，随着出租车相关法律法规的规范出台，出租车承运方承运出租车需实名认证，且出租车营运方需审核承运方的身份认证信息是否符合本地区关于出租车承运人的法律法规要求(包括户口所在地要求、驾龄要求、交通违规行为要求等)；又如，在出现道路行为违规违法或其他事故行为的调查取证中，司法机构需验明出租车驾驶员或承运方的身份，防止其他人冒充替代，上述验明身份的过程需要通过对出租车驾驶员或承运方的生物信息进行采集识别。在上述两种情形中，出租车营运方应存储备份出租车承运方的身份认证信息，以备查找、审核或验证。具备数据防篡改属性的区块链为出租车营运方存证目标出租车的承运方的身份认证信息提供了有力的技术支持。
在一示出的实施方式中，由于租赁合约通常会记录合约双方的身份信息，如姓名、身份证信息、组织机构信息等，在本实施方式中，上述实施例所述的身份认证信息可被收集在上述租赁合约内。包含上述承运方的身份认证信息的租赁合约被收录于上述区块链的分布式数据库中，区块链的防篡改机制为上述租赁合约提供了存证的技术基础。
当上述租赁合约被部署为智能合约时，为完成在租赁合约中存证上述承运方用户的身份认证信息，上述基于区块链的出租车营运方法还包括：接收包括所述承运方的身份认证信息的第二交易；调用所述智能合约，执行所述智能合约声明的承运方身份认证信息的存证逻辑，将所述承运方的身份认证信息存储于所述智能合约。
本领域的技术人员应知，上述在租赁合约中存证承运方的身份认证信息的过程可被看做智能合约更新的过程，区块链中的节点执行上述智能合约的结果需经过区块链的共识验证后，方可被收录在区块链的分布式数据库中，其具体过程与以上第一交易被收录在区块链的分布式数据库中的过程类似，在此不再赘述。
在又一示出的实施方式中，上述对承运方的身份认证信息的存证通过出租车运营方向所述区块链发送用以存证上述身份认证信息的第三交易的方式来实现：所述出租车运营方的节点设备获取所述承运方的身份认证信息；向所述区块链发送包括所述身份认证信息的第三交易，以使所述第三交易被所述区块链共识验证后收录于所述区块链的分布式数据库。上述第三交易被收录于所述区块链的分布式数据库的具体过程与上述第一交易被收录的具体过程类似，在此不再赘述。
在传统的出租车租赁营运模式中，目标出租车的承运方可向出租车营运方支付承运 该目标出租车的基础租金费用或押金费用或其他保证金费用等，以为上述承运方建立信用。在本说明书中，上述支付行为可通过出租车承运方在区块链上发布转账交易的形式完成，上述转账交易既可以是由上述承运方直接向营运方账户转账，也可以是由上述承运方调用上述智能合约，由智能合约完成对上述押金费用等的收取或转存，从而为上述支付行为及支付额度进行区块链存证。
更优的，在本说明书提供的多个实施例中，由于上述出租车承运方的身份认证信息在上述区块链上不可篡改地被存证，出租车营运方可基于承运方良好的驾驶行为历史、或健康的身体状态等身份认证信息，而不向该承运方收取目标出租车的押金，从而鼓励更多的承运方参与承运上述出租车营运方所营运的目标出租车。
与上述流程实现对应，本说明书的实施例还提供了一种基于区块链的出租车营运装置。该装置可以通过软件实现，也可以通过硬件或者软硬件结合的方式实现。以软件实现为例，作为逻辑意义上的装置，是通过所在设备的CPU(Central Process Unit，中央处理器)将对应的计算机程序指令读取到内存中运行形成的。从硬件层面而言，除了图3所示的CPU、内存以及存储器之外，网络风险业务的实现装置所在的设备通常还包括用于进行无线信号收发的芯片等其他硬件，和/或用于实现网络通信功能的板卡等其他硬件。
图2所示为一种基于区块链的出租车营运装置20，所述区块链包括出租车营运方的节点设备；所述区块链上备份有所述出租车营运方与承运方基于目标出租车的租赁合约，所述租赁合约包括基于所述目标出租车的租金费用支付方案；所述装置20包括：
获取单元202，所述出租车营运方的节点设备获取乘客使用目标出租车的用车记录，其中，所述用车记录至少包括所述乘客使用目标出租车的订单费用；
发送单元204，向所述区块链发送包括所述用车记录的第一交易，以使所述第一交易被所述区块链共识验证后收录于所述区块链的分布式数据库；
分配单元206，基于所述租金费用支付方案，分配所述订单费用。
在又一示出的实施方式中，所述用车记录和所述用车记录交易还包括所述乘客使用所述目标出租车期间的行车记录内容。
在又一示出的实施方式中，所述租赁合约还包括所述出租车营运方和承运方基于所述租赁合约而作的电子签名。
在又一示出的实施方式中，所述租赁合约在所述区块链上被部署为智能合约；
所述分配单元206：
调用所述智能合约，执行所述智能合约声明的租金费用支付逻辑，向所述承运方和所述出租车营运方分配所述订单费用。
在又一示出的实施方式中，所述的装置还包括存储单元208：
接收包括所述承运方的身份认证信息的第二交易；
调用所述智能合约，执行所述智能合约声明的承运方身份认证信息的存证逻辑，将所述承运方的身份认证信息存储于所述智能合约。
在又一示出的实施方式中，所述获取单元202：获取所述承运方的身份认证信息；
所述发送单元204：向所述区块链发送包括所述身份认证信息的第三交易，以使所述第三交易被所述区块链共识验证后收录于所述区块链的分布式数据库。
在又一示出的实施方式中，所述身份认证信息包括所述承运方的身份证信息、户口信息、生物特征信息、身体健康状态信息、准驾资格证明信息、驾驶行为历史信息中的一种或多种。
上述装置中各个单元的功能和作用的实现过程具体详见上述方法中对应步骤的实现过程，相关之处参见方法实施例的部分说明即可，在此不再赘述。
以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，其中所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理模块，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络模块上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元或模块来实现本说明书方案的目的。本领域普通技术人员在不付出创造性劳动的情况下，即可以理解并实施。
上述实施例阐明的装置、单元、模块，具体可以由计算机芯片或实体实现，或者由具有某种功能的产品来实现。一种典型的实现设备为计算机，计算机的具体形式可以是个人计算机、膝上型计算机、蜂窝电话、相机电话、智能电话、个人数字助理、媒体播放器、导航设备、电子邮件收发设备、游戏控制台、平板计算机、可穿戴设备或者这些设备中的任意几种设备的组合。
与上述方法实施例相对应，本说明书的实施例还提供了一种计算机设备，该计算机设备包括存储器和处理器。其中，存储器上存储有能够由处理器运行的计算机程序；处理器在运行存储的计算机程序时，执行本说明书实施例中基于区块链的出租车营运方法 的各个步骤。对基于区块链的出租车营运方法的各个步骤的详细描述请参见之前的内容，不再重复。
与上述方法实施例相对应，本说明书的实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，该存储介质上存储有计算机程序，这些计算机程序在被处理器运行时，执行本说明书实施例中基于区块链的出租车营运方法的各个步骤。对基于区块链的出租车营运方法的各个步骤的详细描述请参见之前的内容，不再重复。
以上所述仅为本说明书的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本说明书，凡在本说明书的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本说明书保护的范围之内。
在一个典型的配置中，计算设备包括一个或多个处理器(CPU)、输入/输出接口、网络接口和内存。
内存可能包括计算机可读介质中的非永久性存储器，随机存取存储器(RAM)和/或非易失性内存等形式，如只读存储器(ROM)或闪存(flash RAM)。内存是计算机可读介质的示例。
计算机可读介质包括永久性和非永久性、可移动和非可移动媒体可以由任何方法或技术来实现信息存储。信息可以是计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序的模块或其他数据。
计算机的存储介质的例子包括，但不限于相变内存(PRAM)、静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)、其他类型的随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、快闪记忆体或其他内存技术、只读光盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)、数字多功能光盘(DVD)或其他光学存储、磁盒式磁带，磁带磁磁盘存储或其他磁性存储设备或任何其他非传输介质，可用于存储可以被计算设备访问的信息。按照本文中的界定，计算机可读介质不包括暂存电脑可读媒体(transitory media)，如调制的数据信号和载波。
还需要说明的是，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、商品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
本领域技术人员应明白，本说明书的实施例可提供为方法、***或计算机程序 产品。因此，本说明书的实施例可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本说明书的实施例可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种基于区块链的出租车营运方法，所述区块链包括出租车营运方的节点设备；所述区块链上备份有所述出租车营运方与承运方基于目标出租车的租赁合约，所述租赁合约包括基于所述目标出租车的租金费用支付方案；所述方法包括：
    所述出租车营运方的节点设备获取乘客使用目标出租车的用车记录，其中，所述用车记录至少包括所述乘客使用目标出租车的订单费用；
    向所述区块链发送包括所述用车记录的第一交易，以使所述第一交易被所述区块链共识验证后收录于所述区块链的分布式数据库；
    基于所述租金费用支付方案，分配所述订单费用。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，所述用车记录和所述用车记录交易还包括所述乘客使用所述目标出租车期间的行车记录内容。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，所述租赁合约还包括所述出租车营运方和承运方基于所述租赁合约而作的电子签名。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，所述租赁合约在所述区块链上被部署为智能合约；
    所述基于所述租金费用支付方案，分配所述订单费用，包括：
    调用所述智能合约，执行所述智能合约声明的租金费用支付逻辑，向所述承运方和所述出租车营运方分配所述订单费用。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，还包括：
    接收包括所述承运方的身份认证信息的第二交易；
    调用所述智能合约，执行所述智能合约声明的承运方身份认证信息的存证逻辑，将所述承运方的身份认证信息存储于所述智能合约。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
    获取所述承运方的身份认证信息；
    向所述区块链发送包括所述身份认证信息的第三交易，以使所述第三交易被所述区块链共识验证后收录于所述区块链的分布式数据库。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的方法，所述身份认证信息包括所述承运方的身份证信息、户口信息、生物特征信息、身体健康状态信息、准驾资格证明信息、驾驶行为历史信息中的一种或多种。
  8. 一种基于区块链的出租车营运装置，所述区块链包括出租车营运方的节点设备；所述区块链上备份有所述出租车营运方与承运方基于目标出租车的租赁合约，所述租赁 合约包括基于所述目标出租车的租金费用支付方案；所述装置包括：
    获取单元，所述出租车营运方的节点设备获取乘客使用目标出租车的用车记录，其中，所述用车记录至少包括所述乘客使用目标出租车的订单费用；
    发送单元，向所述区块链发送包括所述用车记录的第一交易，以使所述第一交易被所述区块链共识验证后收录于所述区块链的分布式数据库；
    分配单元，基于所述租金费用支付方案，分配所述订单费用。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的装置，所述用车记录和所述用车记录交易还包括所述乘客使用所述目标出租车期间的行车记录内容。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的装置，所述租赁合约还包括所述出租车营运方和承运方基于所述租赁合约而作的电子签名。
  11. 根据权利要求8或9所述的装置，所述租赁合约在所述区块链上被部署为智能合约；
    所述分配单元：
    调用所述智能合约，执行所述智能合约声明的租金费用支付逻辑，向所述承运方和所述出租车营运方分配所述订单费用。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的装置，还包括存储单元：
    接收包括所述承运方的身份认证信息的第二交易；
    调用所述智能合约，执行所述智能合约声明的承运方身份认证信息的存证逻辑，将所述承运方的身份认证信息存储于所述智能合约。
  13. 根据权利要求8所述的装置，所述获取单元：获取所述承运方的身份认证信息；
    所述发送单元：向所述区块链发送包括所述身份认证信息的第三交易，以使所述第三交易被所述区块链共识验证后收录于所述区块链的分布式数据库。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的装置，所述身份认证信息包括所述承运方的身份证信息、户口信息、生物特征信息、身体健康状态信息、准驾资格证明信息、驾驶行为历史信息中的一种或多种。
  15. 一种计算机设备，包括：存储器和处理器；所述存储器上存储有可由处理器运行的计算机程序；所述处理器运行所述计算机程序时，执行如权利要求1到7任意一项所述的方法。
  16. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器运行时，执行如权利要求1到7任意一项所述的方法。
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