WO2020102865A1 - Método de monitoramento de cargas axiais em estruturas por meio da identificação das frequências naturais - Google Patents
Método de monitoramento de cargas axiais em estruturas por meio da identificação das frequências naturaisInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020102865A1 WO2020102865A1 PCT/BR2018/050437 BR2018050437W WO2020102865A1 WO 2020102865 A1 WO2020102865 A1 WO 2020102865A1 BR 2018050437 W BR2018050437 W BR 2018050437W WO 2020102865 A1 WO2020102865 A1 WO 2020102865A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- load
- natural frequencies
- mooring
- sensors
- fact
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013473 artificial intelligence Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002964 excitative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013481 data capture Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0041—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
- G01M5/005—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
- G01M5/0058—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems of elongated objects, e.g. pipes, masts, towers or railways
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/04—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands
- G01L5/042—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands by measuring vibrational characteristics of the flexible member
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H11/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties
- G01H11/06—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means
- G01H11/08—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means using piezoelectric devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/16—Measuring force or stress, in general using properties of piezoelectric devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0066—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by exciting or detecting vibration or acceleration
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- G01M99/008—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass by doing functionality tests
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of monitoring axial loads in structures, such as moorings, through the identification of their natural frequencies.
- Moorings are structures composed of elements connected through contact and subjected exclusively to traction efforts.
- the load cell solution uses electronic sensors, known as strain gauges, which measure the deformation of the material (usually steel) from its change in electrical resistance.
- strain gauges which measure the deformation of the material (usually steel) from its change in electrical resistance.
- a signal conditioner converts the read signal into millivolts per volts applied to the unit of measure load. To start operating and monitor the structure, all this apparatus needs to be mounted directly on the anchoring line.
- the determination of the cargo on the mooring indirectly by measuring its angle is based on a calculation method that takes into account the position of the anchor on the seabed and the position of the ship, both information obtained by GPS with differential system. Having these data, an estimate of the load on the mooring is made using the mathematical model of a catenary.
- This calculation methodology presents great uncertainties, derived from the measurements of the positions of the anchor, the ship and the mooring angle, in addition to simplifying hypotheses of the mooring approach by a mathematical catenary model.
- the document US 2008/001 1091 aims to solve all these problems through a system and a method to obtain data related to stresses and temperature in structural components through the excitation of one or more vibration modes in the structure. Changes in the associated resonant frequencies or phases that are caused by changes in the loads and temperature of the structure are detected.
- a finite element model is constructed only to determine the optimal positioning of the sensors and actuators.
- the The solution proposed by US 2008/001 1091 contains a calibration process with the limitation of requiring a replica of the real structure to be monitored in order to carry out the calibration process. This problem makes it impossible to use the referring method in anchoring moorings on a ship, for example, due to its large dimensions and the magnitude of the associated loads.
- the method takes into account several types of load - radial, bending and axial.
- This claim makes an extremely laborious calibration process necessary, since, in order to build the calibration chart, it is necessary to apply each of the loads described above separately to the structure - each load must be applied at different load levels - in addition to multiple load combinations that may exist.
- US 2008/001 1091 also states that it is possible to obtain the loading levels to which the structure is subjected - considering as loading any axial, radial, bending, torsion and thermal loads, and any combination between them - just by calculating the variation of natural frequencies, phase and temperature, obtained through measurements carried out in some points of the structure.
- the fact is that the proposed relationship is not unique in the sense that: 1 . if the load applied to the structure is defined, the deformation pattern of the system is also uniquely established, as well as its natural frequencies (superjective function); and
- the purpose of the present invention is to analyze the vibrational response of structures subjected exclusively to axial tensile load, using vibration sensors and, with this, to identify the natural frequencies of such structures in order to identify the load to which the structure is being submitted.
- a finite element model whose construction and adjustment take place by using a prototype of calibration smaller than the real structure, for example, a tie with a smaller number of links, it is possible to create a reliable computational model capable of predicting the vibratory behavior of the real mooring, enabling the monitoring of the applied load.
- the proposed system intends to be easy to calibrate, requiring the monitoring of only one type of load - the axial, in a prototype smaller than the real structure. It is not necessary to observe the temperature or phase. With the making of the computational model, it is not necessary to use the real structure at the time of calibration and mapping the relationship between vibration and load.
- the invention aims to have a better resolution than the previously mentioned methods and to solve the problems of maintenance difficulty.
- the invention aims to present a simpler and more versatile solution.
- the present solution eliminates the need to acquire an extensive calibration table through tests carried out on the real structure with different types of load being applied.
- Figure 1 - is an example of the measurement process as widely known in the state of the art
- Figure 2 - is a diagram of the components needed to perform the measurements and display the measured load
- Figure 3 - is a flow chart with all the operations carried out in the process;
- Figure 4 - is an example of measuring accelerometers;
- Figure 5 - is an example of a response in the structure in the frequency domain for two different loads.
- Figure 6 - is an example of variation in the value of natural frequencies due to the variation in load.
- the present invention makes use of this relationship between loading and vibration pattern to identify loads on strings, by observing their vibrational responses under different loads.
- Figure 1 exemplifies a common situation in the state of the art of measuring loading on moorings 105 using widely known components.
- the vessel 104 On the right is the vessel 104, on the left is an anchor 101 and between them there is the mooring 105.
- monitoring moorings as is commonly done has a number of disadvantages.
- the data collected by sensors 201 are sent to an acquisition, conditioning and signal processing unit 202 so that the results can be analyzed on a computer 203.
- step 301 a bench test is performed with a prototype that consists of a fraction of the actual tie, that is, a tie with a smaller number of links, called a test tie.
- vibration measurement sensors especially accelerometers, are arranged along the structure, where each sensor will measure vibration at the point where it was placed in the three spatial directions.
- the prototype must be tensioned in step 302 according to a pre-established value and then, in step 303, a vibration is caused.
- the excitation of the system can be made by the impact of a hammer, mallet or similar object, and the sensors arranged on the test strap capture the responses at each point of the prototype.
- step 304 the acceleration data, or other signal, is collected using a data acquisition module, as shown in Figure 2 and, in step 305, is saved on a computer.
- step 306 if necessary, steps 302 to 305 are repeated for loads of different magnitudes, that is, the tension of the test tie is changed and new measurements are made.
- step 307 the collected data is processed on a computer determining the response in the frequency domain.
- step 308 the natural frequencies of the structure are related to each applied load, in addition to the damping characteristics of the structure and the hysteresis curves of the test tie.
- a computational model of the prototype is developed, which was analyzed in steps 301 to 305.
- a 3D modeling DAC Computer Assisted Design
- an EAC Computer Assisted Engineering
- EAC Computer Assisted Engineering
- the constitutive properties of the material (usually steel) of the prototype are inserted, the boundary conditions, the same loading to which the prototype was subjected in the bench test and an initial value of the friction factor between the links.
- a modal analysis is done for the model and the natural frequencies for each load are calculated in step 310.
- step 311 the frequency response obtained in the analysis of the computational model is compared with the response obtained by the bench test and, in step 312, the model is updated by adjusting the computational model until the vibrational results converge, validating thus the computational model.
- step 313 the reduced test mooring model is extrapolated to a larger number of links in order to model the actual mooring.
- step 314 a computational modal analysis is carried out for different magnitudes of loads, thus obtaining the natural frequencies associated with each case in which the actual mooring is subjected to each of the pre-established loads.
- sensors preferably accelerometers
- a hammer, mallet or object can also be used similar to excite the system and obtain its vibrational behavior.
- inertial actuators physically coupled to the lashing and that are capable of applying an infinite number of excitation forces to the structure. Other types of actuators can be used, although it is not mandatory.
- step 317 the acceleration data, or other signal, is collected using a data acquisition module. Then, in step 318, the collected data is processed on a computer calculating the response in the frequency domain in order to analyze the peaks and identify the natural frequencies. With the identified natural frequencies, they are compared, in step 319, with the numerical ones obtained through the computational model.
- the determination of the load applied to the real mooring is done by correlating a single natural frequency with the results contained in the calibration chart specifically generated for this mooring.
- the choice of the natural frequency to be used in the identification of the load intensity is based on sensitivity criteria of each of the natural frequencies in relation to the applied load.
- a linear interpolation calculation is performed to estimate the load value in step 320, finally displaying the result on a monitor to the user .
- Figure 4 shows a graph that illustrates the format of a time signal response, from the moment the system is excited by impact until it rests. Such a response indicates the presence of system damping, which is inherent in the structure.
- Figure 5 exemplifies a frequency response for two loads, in which load 2 is greater than load 1.
- load 2 is greater than load 1.
- the location of the peaks undergoes an increase in frequency, with a change in the natural frequency of the moorings.
- the point 1 -1 at the first peak of the first charge occurs at a lower frequency than the corresponding point 2-1 at the first peak of the second charge.
- Figure 6 represents the variation of the values of the natural frequencies due to the variation of the load, in which f1 represents the frequency that appears in the first peak, f2 the frequency that appears in the second peak and so on.
- the mooring is excited by the environmental forces themselves, such as wind and sea waves.
- the vibrational response generated is measured by accelerometers and / or sensors that can capture the frequency response, such as strain gauges and position sensors. These data are acquired by an acquisition module, so they can be saved and processed on a 203 computer.
- any type of ambient vibration can be used to excite the structures during their operation and / or bench calibration.
- the impact of a hammer, sledgehammer or similar object can also be used to excite the system, therefore it is not necessary to use any type of actuator (although it is also possible).
- strain gauges it is possible to perform the monitoring using strain gauges, mainly by reusing those installed in the already installed defective load cells. That is, if it is verified that the strain gauges are providing a satisfactory response for a vibrational analysis, it is possible to use it by the method of the present invention.
- Another possibility of monitoring is through the use of laser position sensors.
- inertial actuators that are physically coupled to the lashing and that are capable of applying an infinite number of excitation forces to the structure.
- the sinusoidal sweep for example, is an excellent solution to excite the natural mooring frequencies.
- the load is determined by correlating a single natural frequency with the results contained in the calibration chart specifically generated for this tie.
- the choice of natural frequency to be used in the identification of the load intensity is based on sensitivity criteria of each of the natural frequencies in relation to the applied load.
- Another embodiment provides for the use of genetic algorithms or fuzzy logic to correlate various natural frequencies estimated through field measurements with the results contained in the calibration chart specifically generated for this tie. Through the response of these algorithms it is possible to determine the load applied to the mooring with a high level of confidence.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US17/296,144 US11788926B2 (en) | 2018-11-23 | 2018-11-23 | Method for monitoring axial loads in structures by identifying natural frequencies |
PCT/BR2018/050437 WO2020102865A1 (pt) | 2018-11-23 | 2018-11-23 | Método de monitoramento de cargas axiais em estruturas por meio da identificação das frequências naturais |
BR112021009890-9A BR112021009890B1 (pt) | 2018-11-23 | 2018-11-23 | Método de monitoramento de cargas axiais em estruturas por meio da identificação das frequências naturais |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/BR2018/050437 WO2020102865A1 (pt) | 2018-11-23 | 2018-11-23 | Método de monitoramento de cargas axiais em estruturas por meio da identificação das frequências naturais |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2020102865A1 true WO2020102865A1 (pt) | 2020-05-28 |
Family
ID=70773024
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/BR2018/050437 WO2020102865A1 (pt) | 2018-11-23 | 2018-11-23 | Método de monitoramento de cargas axiais em estruturas por meio da identificação das frequências naturais |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11788926B2 (pt) |
BR (1) | BR112021009890B1 (pt) |
WO (1) | WO2020102865A1 (pt) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112434369A (zh) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-03-02 | 北京宇航***工程研究所 | 一种基于机器学习的结构载荷感知方法 |
CN113567078A (zh) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-10-29 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 海上火箭发射平台冲击振动测试方法 |
CN113642216A (zh) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-11-12 | 西安理工大学 | 一种基于多层神经网络和支持向量机的随机信号识别方法 |
CN114492142A (zh) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-05-13 | 清华大学 | 用于测试航天器元器件抗火工冲击能力的装置及方法 |
CN117521531A (zh) * | 2024-01-05 | 2024-02-06 | 中国海洋大学 | 一种漂浮式光伏阵列结构系泊***及其优化方法 |
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- 2018-11-23 US US17/296,144 patent/US11788926B2/en active Active
- 2018-11-23 WO PCT/BR2018/050437 patent/WO2020102865A1/pt active Application Filing
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112434369A (zh) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-03-02 | 北京宇航***工程研究所 | 一种基于机器学习的结构载荷感知方法 |
CN112434369B (zh) * | 2020-11-11 | 2024-04-09 | 北京宇航***工程研究所 | 一种基于机器学习的结构载荷感知方法 |
CN113567078A (zh) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-10-29 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 海上火箭发射平台冲击振动测试方法 |
CN113567078B (zh) * | 2021-06-29 | 2024-02-20 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 海上火箭发射平台冲击振动测试方法 |
CN113642216A (zh) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-11-12 | 西安理工大学 | 一种基于多层神经网络和支持向量机的随机信号识别方法 |
CN113642216B (zh) * | 2021-08-17 | 2024-04-02 | 西安理工大学 | 一种基于多层神经网络和支持向量机的随机信号识别方法 |
CN114492142A (zh) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-05-13 | 清华大学 | 用于测试航天器元器件抗火工冲击能力的装置及方法 |
CN117521531A (zh) * | 2024-01-05 | 2024-02-06 | 中国海洋大学 | 一种漂浮式光伏阵列结构系泊***及其优化方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US11788926B2 (en) | 2023-10-17 |
US20220018729A1 (en) | 2022-01-20 |
BR112021009890A2 (pt) | 2021-09-28 |
BR112021009890B1 (pt) | 2023-11-28 |
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