WO2020099704A1 - Ink composition decorating tableware - Google Patents

Ink composition decorating tableware Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020099704A1
WO2020099704A1 PCT/ES2019/070767 ES2019070767W WO2020099704A1 WO 2020099704 A1 WO2020099704 A1 WO 2020099704A1 ES 2019070767 W ES2019070767 W ES 2019070767W WO 2020099704 A1 WO2020099704 A1 WO 2020099704A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mixture
ink composition
tableware
composition according
ink
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2019/070767
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Óscar RUIZ VEGA.
Francisco Alejandro TIRADO FRANCISCO.
Alejandro Forés Fernandes
Javier Navarro Verdú
Original Assignee
Torrecid, S.A
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Application filed by Torrecid, S.A filed Critical Torrecid, S.A
Publication of WO2020099704A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020099704A1/en

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00Inks
    • C09D11/30Inkjet printing inks
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C8/00Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
    • C03C8/02Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form

Definitions

  • the present invention is framed in the field of inkjet inks using technology called Drop-on-Demand (Drop-on-demand, which is free of Ni, Cd and Pb and provide chromatic effects in-glaze and on-glaze on tableware supports after a firing cycle at temperatures between 850 ° C and 1300 ° C.
  • Drop-on-Demand Drop-on-Demand
  • the decorated tableware sector is made up of different types of products such as porcelain, stoneware and bone-china.
  • two types of decorative applications are distinguished.
  • One is called an on-glaze, characterized in that the decoration is deposited on a previously enameled tableware support, and the support-enamel-decoration set is subjected to a firing cycle at temperatures between 850 ° C and 1000 ° C.
  • the second decorative application is called in-glaze, and although it is also applied on a previously enameled tableware support, the cooking of the support-enamel-decoration set is carried out at higher temperatures, between 1000 ° C and 1300 ° C.
  • current crockery decoration techniques focus on brush and screen printing. In the case of silk-screen decoration, it is made by direct printing on the surface of the tableware product to be decorated or, indirectly, by applying the decoration on a decal that is subsequently deposited on the tableware product to be decorated.
  • patent application US6063446 describes a tableware production process using a decoration coloring substance comprising a pigment and a glass flux. Said ink is subjected to a firing temperature of between 1000 ° C and 1200 ° C.
  • said patent application focuses on screen printing formulations and especially, as described in the examples, at a mean particle size D50 of 1.3 micrometers and decoration on decal (transfer pattern).
  • patent application US6063446 establishes three conditions in the composition of the coloring substance, that the pigment has an average particle size (expressed as D50) equal to or less than 2 microns, that the glass flux has a density equal to or less 2.6 g / cm3 and that said glass flux also has a hemisphere temperature of less than 930 ° C. Finally, it is important to indicate that it is essential to achieve a correct coupling between the baked enamel of the tableware support and the decoration, which will be determined by the coefficient of thermal expansion of the frit or frits present in the ink. However, the aforementioned patent application US6063446 does not make any reference to this data.
  • patent application CN 103224727 protects an enamel composition (it is called ink enamel although its function is only for enameling) based on water that contains 30-50% of a ceramic enamel, 15-25% of an organic solvent, 4-10% of a dispersing agent, 2-5% of a water reducing agent (chelating agent), 2-5% of resin, 0.3-0, 6% of an antifoaming agent, 0.1-0, 2% of a leveling agent, 0.1% -0.2% of a pH regulator (buffer), 2-5% of a viscosity regulator, 0.1 -0.3% of a preservative, and the rest, water.
  • an enamel composition it is called ink enamel although its function is only for enameling
  • the composition of the enamel is expressed, as usual, in the form of oxides in such a way that said enamel has a composition of 45-65 parts of Si02, 20-26 parts of AI203, 0.2-1 parts of K20 , 2-7 parts Na20, 0.2-1 parts CaO, 0.02-0 parts MgO, 0.1-0.3 parts Fe203, 0.05-0.2 parts Ti02 and 1- 3 parts of ZnO.
  • said water-based ink enamel has a viscosity of between 10 and 40 mPa-s.
  • the aforementioned application CN 103224727 has the function of enameling instead of decorating, since it does not describe the use of pigments or their content in ink enamel.
  • being a composition where the main solvent is water it requires the use of additional additives specific for aqueous media such as chelating agents (named in the application water reducing agent) and pH regulators.
  • CN application 103224727 also discloses organic solvents, but they are polar and compatible with water, specifically glycerol, to regulate viscosity, and alcohols, preferably ethylene glycol and propylene glycol. Since it is an enamel, it is known in the state of the art that the oxide composition of an enamel is preferably achieved by using isolated raw materials although it may also contain some frit.
  • patent application CN 103224727 does not indicate whether it contains frit or its content or composition.
  • the fact that it is a water-based composition together with the presence of Fe203 indicates that raw materials are used in the composition of the enamel.
  • frits in the decoration of tableware with decorative inks, it is necessary to use only frits, and with a certain composition, since their function is to act as a flux causing the integration of the pigment in the enamel of the tableware holder, an aspect that does not It is achieved using isolated raw materials.
  • isolated raw materials have two additional drawbacks: on the one hand, it is more complex and expensive to decrease the particle size by grinding to adjust it to that required by DoD printing technology, and on the other hand, it is also more difficult to stabilize it in the medium.
  • an inkjet enamel composition specifically for its application in the enameling of fully enameled natural stone ceramic tiles. Specifically, it protects two enamel compositions, one that is deposited on the surface of the ceramic substrate and a second that is deposited on the first. In both cases its composition is described in the form of isolated raw materials expressed in oxides, as usual in the formulation of enamels. Again these are compositions based on water, specifically 33% water. Furthermore, it contains specific components for aqueous media such as sodium tripolyphosphate, widely known in the state of the art for its chelating agent function, and cellulose ether, also known in the state of the art as a thickening agent.
  • aqueous media such as sodium tripolyphosphate, widely known in the state of the art for its chelating agent function
  • cellulose ether also known in the state of the art as a thickening agent.
  • CN application 107640980 does not describe the use of frits or pigments, both necessary for decorative inkjet tableware applications. Furthermore, it does not describe the viscosity as a function of the shear rate or derived from the transverse deformation with respect to time, fundamental data to define a DoD decoration ink.
  • the present invention is an ink composition intended for in-glaze and on-glaze decoration using Drop-on-Demand (DoD) inkjet technology that is free of Ni, Cd and Pb and provides color effects on tableware supports after they have been cooked through a cycle at temperatures between 850 ° C and 1300 ° C.
  • DoD Drop-on-Demand
  • the decorated tableware products obtained are characterized by passing the test of resistance to washing with a dishwasher according to the ASTM3565 standard.
  • frit refers to a mixture of inorganic compounds that has been subjected to a fusion and subsequent cooling process to obtain an amorphous glassy compound, that is, without a crystalline structure, and whose composition is expressed as oxide.
  • the ink composition comprises at least one frit in a percentage by weight, with respect to the total ink composition, comprised between 35% and 55%, free of Ni, Cd and Pb and with a coefficient of thermal expansion between 70 x10 7 ° C 1 and 85 x10 7 ° C 1 in the temperature range between 25 ° C and 500 ° C.
  • the measurement of the coefficient of thermal expansion (also known by the acronym CDT) is widely known to the person skilled in the art matter and is performed using a dilatometer (type BAHR Model DIL801 L THERMO ANALYSE or the like). For this, a piece of the ceramic material with dimensions 10 cm x 10 cm is prepared and fired at the heat treatment temperature according to the present invention.
  • the composition by weight, with respect to the total composition of the frit, of each of the frits present in the ink according to the invention comprises between 50% and 65% of Si02, between 5% and 22% of R20, between 0% and 12% of RO, between 0% and 8% of M02, between 7% and 11% of AI203 and between 10% and 18% of B203; where R20 represents at least one oxide selected from Li20, Na20 and K20 or a mixture thereof, where RO represents at least one oxide selected from ZnO, MgO, CaO and BaO or a mixture thereof and where M02 represents at least one oxide selected from Ti02 , Zr02 and Ce02 or a mixture of them.
  • the ink composition comprises at least one apolar solvent in a percentage by weight, with respect to the total of the ink composition, comprised between 25% and 40%.
  • apolar solvents according to the invention, by way of illustration but not limitation, are aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, petroleum distillates and aliphatic esters.
  • the ceramic pigments used in the ink composition according to the invention have a D50 particle size of between 100 nanometers and 500 nanometers. Outside of this range, ceramic pigments have been found to have ink instability problems causing ink to settle as well as block the DoD printhead exit holes.
  • Ceramic pigments according to the invention by way of example but not limitation are Fe203, CuO, CeO, Cr207, among others, as well as crystalline structures of the spinel, perovskite, zirconium silicate type, etc. doped with different cations such as Pr, La, V, Co, Cu, Fe, Cr, among others. Also, the pigments are free of Ni, Cd and Pb.
  • the ink according to the present invention also contemplates at least one dispersant in a percentage by weight, with respect to the total composition of the ink, comprised between 1% and 5% and is selected from the group comprising derivatives of carboxylic acids, acrylic copolymers, polymeric fatty esters, polymeric esters, acidic polyesters, polyamide salts, alkyl ammonium salts, acids polycarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acid esters, polyamides, modified polyurethanes, phosphoric esters, polyacrylate salt, alkoxides, derivatives of non-ionic modified fatty acid, carboxylic acid salt, polyether phosphoric acid and polycarboxylic acid salt or mixture of the above.
  • the ink contains at least one thickener in a percentage by weight, with respect to the total composition of the ink, comprised between 1% and 5% and is selected from the group comprising acrylic resins, derived from cellulose and / or polyvinyl alcohols.
  • the tableware ink also contains at least one humectant in a percentage by weight, with respect to the total ink composition, comprised between 0.1% and 1% and is selected from the group that comprises a mixture of ethers with glycol of polyethylene-polypropylene with monobenzyl ether and C8-C10 alcohols, polyether polysiloxane copolymer, nonionic surfactants, polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane, fluorinated derivatives, alkoxylated alcohols, copolymers of ethylene oxide and polyethylene and polydimethylsiloxanes modified with polyester.
  • the ink composition object of the present invention is characterized by having the following viscosity values at 22 ° C as a function of the shear rate:
  • the inks can be used to directly decorate any type of tableware holder.
  • the tableware support can be both enameled and raw, that is, without the enamel fired, as well as enameled and with previously fired enamel.
  • tableware holders by way of example but not limitation include bone-chine, fine-china, porcelain, stoneware, tableware for hotels (also known as hotelware in English), stoneware, etc.
  • the inks can be used to decorate tableware supports using decals.
  • This type of decoration is especially interesting for decorating crockery supports with high relief or curvature.
  • the decoration procedure consists of depositing the inks on the decal, which in turn is attached to a support. Once the decal is decorated, it is wetted and removed from the support to which it was attached. Finally, the decorated decal is deposited, either manually or with an automatic equipment that takes the decal and deposits it, in both cases on the previously enameled and cooked crockery support and the whole is subjected to a firing cycle at the appropriate temperature.
  • the following table shows the three compositions of the frits, expressed in percent by weight of the oxides according to the present invention with the aim of achieving the desired properties and a particle size necessary for the formulation of DoD inks, specifically with a D50 of 200 nm.
  • the thermal expansion coefficient (CDT) obtained in each of them is also indicated at a D50 particle size of 200 nm.
  • Example 1 In-glaze decoration of bone-china using decal.
  • the five inks thus obtained were applied by means of a DoD inkjet equipment on a decal. Subsequently, the decal decorated with the inks was placed on bone-china tableware support previously enameled and fired. Once the five inks had been applied, the tableware set with decorated decal was subjected to a firing cycle at a maximum temperature of 1150 ° C.
  • Example 2 In-glaze bone-china decoration.
  • Table 5 shows the composition of each ink expressed in percentages by weight of each of the components.
  • the five inks thus obtained were applied by means of a DoD inkjet equipment directly on a previously enameled bone-china tableware support. Once the five inks had been applied, the tableware set decorated with inks was subjected to a firing cycle at a maximum temperature of 1160 ° C. Finally the resulting tableware product was subjected to a dishwasher resistance test in accordance with ASTM-D-3565. The following table shows the result obtained for each ink composition.
  • Table 8 shows the composition of each ink expressed in percentages by weight of each of the components.
  • the five inks thus obtained were applied by means of a DoD inkjet equipment on a decal. Subsequently, the decal decorated with the inks was placed on bone-china tableware support previously enameled and fired. Once the five inks had been applied, the tableware set with decorated decal was subjected to a firing cycle at a maximum temperature of 860 ° C.
  • the five inks thus obtained were applied by means of a DoD inkjet equipment directly on a previously enameled bone-china tableware support. Once the five inks were applied, the tableware set decorated with inks underwent a firing cycle at a maximum temperature of 895 ° C. Finally the resulting tableware product was subjected to a dishwasher resistance test in accordance with ASTM-D-3565. The following table shows the result obtained for each ink composition.
  • Table 13 Example 5. In-glaze porcelain decoration using decal. Five different color ink compositions were prepared: black (K5), blue (B5), red (R5), yellow (Y5) and green (G5) according to the present invention. Table 14 shows the composition of each ink expressed in percentages by weight of each of the components.
  • the five inks thus obtained were applied by means of a DoD inkjet equipment on a decal. Subsequently, the decal decorated with the inks was deposited on a previously enameled and fired porcelain tableware support. Once applied the five inks, the set of dishes with decorated decal was subjected to a cooking cycle at a maximum temperature of 1170 ° C.
  • Example 6 In-glaze porcelain decoration.
  • Table 17 shows the composition of each ink expressed in percentages by weight of each of the components.
  • the five inks thus obtained were applied by means of a DoD inkjet equipment on a previously enameled porcelain tableware support. Once the five inks were applied, the tableware set decorated with inks was subjected to a firing cycle at a maximum temperature of 1250 ° C.
  • Example 7 On-glaze porcelain decoration using decal.
  • Table 20 shows the composition of each ink expressed in percentages by weight of each of the components.
  • the five inks thus obtained were applied by means of a DoD inkjet equipment on a decal. Subsequently, the decal decorated with the inks was deposited on a previously enameled and fired porcelain tableware support. Once the five inks were applied, the tableware set with decorated decal was subjected to a firing cycle at a maximum temperature of 925 ° C.
  • Table 22 Example 8. On-glaze porcelain decoration. Five different color ink compositions were prepared: black (K8), blue (B8), red (R8), yellow (Y8) and green (G8) according to the present invention. Table 28 shows the composition of each ink expressed in percentages by weight of each of the components.
  • the five inks thus obtained were applied by means of a DoD inkjet equipment on a previously enameled porcelain tableware support. Once the five inks had been applied, the tableware set decorated with inks underwent a firing cycle at a maximum temperature of 965 ° C. Finally the resulting tableware product was subjected to a dishwasher resistance test in accordance with ASTM-D-3565. The following table shows the result obtained for each ink composition.
  • free of Ni, Cd and Pb means that any component of the ink that can present said elements as impurities, must be purified until the content in said elements is below 100 ppm of the total solid content of the ink.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an ink composition for drop-on-demand printing technology (Do D) which provides in-glaze and on-glaze chromatic effects on glazed tableware articles once they undergo a firing cycle at temperatures between 850ºC and 1300ºC.

Description

COMPOSICIÓN DE TINTA PARA DECORACIÓN DE VAJILLA  INK COMPOSITION FOR TABLE DECORATION
DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
La presente invención se enmarca en el campo de las tintas para inyección de tinta mediante la tecnología denominada gota bajo demanda ( Drop-on-demand , cuyas siglas en inglés son DoD) que se encuentran libre de Ni, Cd y Pb y proporcionan efectos cromáticos in-glaze y on-glaze en soportes de vajilla una vez sometidas a un ciclo de cocción a temperaturas comprendidas entre 850 °C y 1300 °C. The present invention is framed in the field of inkjet inks using technology called Drop-on-Demand (Drop-on-demand, which is free of Ni, Cd and Pb and provide chromatic effects in-glaze and on-glaze on tableware supports after a firing cycle at temperatures between 850 ° C and 1300 ° C.
ESTADO DE LA TÉCNICA STATE OF THE ART
El sector de la vajilla decorada está formado por diferentes tipologías de productos como porcelana, stoneware y bone-china. Asimismo, se distinguen dos tipologías de aplicaciones decorativas. Una se denomina on-glaze que se caracteriza porque la decoración se deposita sobre un soporte de vajilla, previamente esmaltado, y el conjunto soporte-esmalte-decoración se somete a un ciclo de cocción a temperaturas comprendidas entre 850 °C y 1000 °C. La segunda aplicación decorativa se denomina in-glaze, y si bien también se aplica sobre un soporte de vajilla previamente esmaltado, la cocción del conjunto soporte-esmalte-decoración se realiza a temperaturas más elevadas, comprendidas entre 1000 °C y 1300 °C. Por otra parte, las técnicas actuales de decoración de vajilla se centran en pincel y en serigrafía. En el caso de la decoración mediante serigrafía se realiza por impresión directa sobre la superficie del producto de vajilla a decorar o, indirecta aplicando la decoración sobre una calca que posteriormente se deposita sobre el producto de vajilla a decorar.  The decorated tableware sector is made up of different types of products such as porcelain, stoneware and bone-china. Also, two types of decorative applications are distinguished. One is called an on-glaze, characterized in that the decoration is deposited on a previously enameled tableware support, and the support-enamel-decoration set is subjected to a firing cycle at temperatures between 850 ° C and 1000 ° C. The second decorative application is called in-glaze, and although it is also applied on a previously enameled tableware support, the cooking of the support-enamel-decoration set is carried out at higher temperatures, between 1000 ° C and 1300 ° C. On the other hand, current crockery decoration techniques focus on brush and screen printing. In the case of silk-screen decoration, it is made by direct printing on the surface of the tableware product to be decorated or, indirectly, by applying the decoration on a decal that is subsequently deposited on the tableware product to be decorated.
Desde el punto de vista de calidad del producto final de vajilla, la decoración con serigrafía presenta numerosas limitaciones frente a la inyección de tinta donde se consigue una mayor definición, calidad de imagen y versatilidad. Por otra parte, uno de los grandes retos de los productos de vajilla decorados es la capacidad de resistir el lavado con lavavajillas, donde se emplean medios alcalinos que degradan la decoración y por lo tanto, la calidad estética del producto. Una de las formas de solventarlo es introduciendo en las composiciones de las tintas, fritas que aportan resistencia pero contienen elementos como Ni, Pb o Cd. Sin embargo, existe el riesgo de que estos elementos, que pueden ser nocivos, se liberen del esmalte y entren en contacto con los alimentos por lo que existe la necesidad de desarrollar composiciones de tinta para la decoración de vajillas que no incluyan elementos potencialmente peligrosos en su composición pero que sean resistentes en medios alcalinos. From the point of view of quality of the final tableware product, the decoration with screen printing presents numerous limitations compared to inkjet where greater definition, image quality and versatility are achieved. On the other hand, one of the great challenges of decorated tableware products is the ability to resist washing with a dishwasher, where alkaline media are used that degrade the decoration and, therefore, the aesthetic quality of the product. One of the ways to solve it is introducing into the ink compositions, frits that provide resistance but contain elements such as Ni, Pb or Cd. However, there is a risk that these elements, which can be harmful, are released from the enamel and come into contact with food so there is a need to develop compositions of ink for decorating tableware that does not include potentially dangerous elements in its composition but is resistant to alkaline media.
En el estado de la técnica actual existen soluciones para decoración de vajilla mediante serigrafía que resisten los lavados con lavavajillas. Así la solicitud de patente US6063446 describe un proceso de producción de vajilla utilizando una sustancia colorante para decoración que comprende un pigmento y un fundente de vidrio. Dicha tinta se somete a una temperatura de cocción comprendida entre 1000 °C y 1200 °C. Sin embargo dicha solicitud de patente se centra en formulaciones para serigrafía y especialmente, tal y como se describe en los ejemplos, a un tamaño de partícula medio D50 de 1 ,3 micrómetros y decoración sobre calca (transfer pattern). Además, la solicitud de patente US6063446 establece tres condiciones en la composición de la sustancia colorante, que el pigmento tenga un tamaño de partícula medio (expresado como D50) igual o menor a 2 micrómetros, que el fundente de vidrio tenga una densidad igual o menor de 2,6 g/cm3 y que dicho fundente de vidrio también tenga una temperatura de semiesfera menor de 930 °C. Finalmente es importante indicar que es fundamental conseguir un correcto acoplamiento entre el esmalte cocido del soporte de vajilla y la decoración, que vendrá determinado por el coeficiente de dilatación térmica de la frita o fritas presentes en la tinta. Sin embargo, la mencionada solicitud de patente US6063446 no hace ninguna referencia a este dato.  In the current state of the art, there are solutions for tableware decoration by screen printing that resist washing with a dishwasher. Thus patent application US6063446 describes a tableware production process using a decoration coloring substance comprising a pigment and a glass flux. Said ink is subjected to a firing temperature of between 1000 ° C and 1200 ° C. However, said patent application focuses on screen printing formulations and especially, as described in the examples, at a mean particle size D50 of 1.3 micrometers and decoration on decal (transfer pattern). Furthermore, patent application US6063446 establishes three conditions in the composition of the coloring substance, that the pigment has an average particle size (expressed as D50) equal to or less than 2 microns, that the glass flux has a density equal to or less 2.6 g / cm3 and that said glass flux also has a hemisphere temperature of less than 930 ° C. Finally, it is important to indicate that it is essential to achieve a correct coupling between the baked enamel of the tableware support and the decoration, which will be determined by the coefficient of thermal expansion of the frit or frits present in the ink. However, the aforementioned patent application US6063446 does not make any reference to this data.
Por su parte la solicitud de patente CN 103224727 protege una composición de esmalte (la denomina esmalte tinta aunque su función es únicamente para esmaltado) basada en agua que contiene 30-50% de un esmalte cerámico, 15-25% de un disolvente orgánico, 4-10% de un agente dispersante, 2-5% de un agente reductor de agua (agente quelante), 2-5% de resina, 0,3-0, 6% de un agente antiespumante, 0,1- 0,2% de una agente nivelante, 0, 1 %-0,2% de un regulador de pH (tampón), 2-5% de un regulador de viscosidad, 0,1 -0,3% de una agente conservante y, el resto, agua. En dicha solicitud la composición del esmalte se expresa, como es habitual, en forma de óxidos de tal manera que dicho esmalte tiene una composición de 45-65 partes de Si02, 20-26 partes de AI203, 0,2-1 partes de K20, 2-7 partes de Na20, 0,2-1 partes de CaO, 0,02-0 partes de MgO, 0, 1-0,3 partes de Fe203, 0,05-0,2 partes de Ti02 y 1- 3 partes de ZnO. A su vez dicho esmalte tinta base agua tiene una viscosidad comprendida entre 10 y 40 mPa-s. Sin embargo, la mencionada solicitud CN 103224727 tiene como función esmaltar en vez de decorar, ya que no describe el uso de pigmentos ni su contenido en el esmalte tinta. Además, al ser una composición donde el disolvente principal es agua, requiere el uso de aditivos adicionales específicos para medios acuosos como agentes quelantes (denominados en la solicitud agente reductor de agua) y reguladores de pH. For its part, patent application CN 103224727 protects an enamel composition (it is called ink enamel although its function is only for enameling) based on water that contains 30-50% of a ceramic enamel, 15-25% of an organic solvent, 4-10% of a dispersing agent, 2-5% of a water reducing agent (chelating agent), 2-5% of resin, 0.3-0, 6% of an antifoaming agent, 0.1-0, 2% of a leveling agent, 0.1% -0.2% of a pH regulator (buffer), 2-5% of a viscosity regulator, 0.1 -0.3% of a preservative, and the rest, water. In said application, the composition of the enamel is expressed, as usual, in the form of oxides in such a way that said enamel has a composition of 45-65 parts of Si02, 20-26 parts of AI203, 0.2-1 parts of K20 , 2-7 parts Na20, 0.2-1 parts CaO, 0.02-0 parts MgO, 0.1-0.3 parts Fe203, 0.05-0.2 parts Ti02 and 1- 3 parts of ZnO. In turn, said water-based ink enamel has a viscosity of between 10 and 40 mPa-s. However, the aforementioned application CN 103224727 has the function of enameling instead of decorating, since it does not describe the use of pigments or their content in ink enamel. Furthermore, being a composition where the main solvent is water, it requires the use of additional additives specific for aqueous media such as chelating agents (named in the application water reducing agent) and pH regulators.
Esto, unido a que los aditivos habituales como dispersantes, resinas, antiespumantes, etc., deben ser específicos para medios acuosos, provoca que la formulación de la tinta sea más difícil y compleja, siendo más inestable con el tiempo y la temperatura que cuando se utilizan medios apolares como es el caso de la presente invención. La solicitud CN 103224727 también divulga disolventes orgánicos, pero son polares y compatibles con el agua, concretamente glicerol, para regular la viscosidad, y alcoholes, preferiblemente, etilenglicol y propilen glicol. Dado que es un esmalte, es conocido en el estado de la técnica que la composición en óxidos de un esmalte se consigue preferiblemente mediante el uso de materias primas aisladas aunque también puede contener algo de frita. No obstante la solicitud de patente CN 103224727 no indica si contiene frita ni su contenido ni su composición. El hecho de que sea una composición en base agua junto con la presencia de Fe203 indica que se utilizan materias primas en la composición del esmalte. Sin embargo, en la decoración de vajilla con tintas decorativas, es necesario emplear únicamente fritas, y con una composición determinada, ya que su función es la de actuar como fundente provocando la integración del pigmento en el esmalte del soporte de vajilla, aspecto que no se consigue empleando materias primas aisladas. Además las materias primas aisladas presentan dos inconvenientes adicionales, por una parte es más complejo y costoso disminuir el tamaño de partícula mediante molturación para ajustarlo al que exige la tecnología de impresión DoD, y por otra parte, también es más difícil su estabilización en el medio de la tinta. Por lo tanto, el uso de materias primas aisladas, sin estar en forma de frita, es inviable en la decoración de vajilla con tintas DoD para conseguir la integración del pigmento así como una tinta estable y competitiva. Cabe también indicar que en la formulación de tintas para tecnología de inyección de tinta DoD es fundamental definir el valor de la viscosidad en función de la velocidad de cizalladura o derivada de la deformación transversal respecto del tiempo para asegurar un correcto comportamiento. Sin embargo la solicitud CN 103224727 no aporta dicho dato siendo imposible la formulación adecuada para asegurar una correcta impresión.  This, together with the fact that the usual additives such as dispersants, resins, antifoams, etc., must be specific for aqueous media, makes the ink formulation more difficult and complex, being more unstable with time and temperature than when they use apolar means as is the case with the present invention. CN application 103224727 also discloses organic solvents, but they are polar and compatible with water, specifically glycerol, to regulate viscosity, and alcohols, preferably ethylene glycol and propylene glycol. Since it is an enamel, it is known in the state of the art that the oxide composition of an enamel is preferably achieved by using isolated raw materials although it may also contain some frit. However, patent application CN 103224727 does not indicate whether it contains frit or its content or composition. The fact that it is a water-based composition together with the presence of Fe203 indicates that raw materials are used in the composition of the enamel. However, in the decoration of tableware with decorative inks, it is necessary to use only frits, and with a certain composition, since their function is to act as a flux causing the integration of the pigment in the enamel of the tableware holder, an aspect that does not It is achieved using isolated raw materials. In addition, isolated raw materials have two additional drawbacks: on the one hand, it is more complex and expensive to decrease the particle size by grinding to adjust it to that required by DoD printing technology, and on the other hand, it is also more difficult to stabilize it in the medium. of the ink. Therefore, the use of isolated raw materials, without being in the form of a frit, is not feasible in the decoration of dishes with DoD inks to achieve the integration of the pigment as well as a stable and competitive ink. It should also be noted that in the formulation of inks for DoD inkjet technology, it is essential to define the viscosity value as a function of the shear rate or derived from the transverse deformation with respect to time to ensure correct behavior. However, the application CN 103224727 does not provide said data, and the adequate formulation to ensure a correct impression is impossible.
Dentro del estado de la técnica se encuentra también la solicitud CN 107640980 que describe una composición de esmalte para inyección de tinta, concretamente para su aplicación en el esmaltado de baldosas cerámicas tipo piedra natural completamente esmaltado. Concretamente protege dos composiciones de esmalte, uno que se deposita sobre la superficie del sustrato cerámico y un segundo que se deposita sobre el primero. En ambos casos se describe su composición en forma de materias primas aisladas expresadas en óxidos, como es habitual en la formulación de esmaltes. Nuevamente se trata de composiciones basadas en agua, concretamente 33% de agua. Además, contiene componentes específicos para medios acuosos como tripolifosfato sódico, ampliamente conocido en estado de la técnica por su función de agente quelante, y éter de celulosa, también conocido en el estado de la técnica como agente espesante. Sin embargo la solicitud CN 107640980 no describe el uso de fritas ni pigmentos, ambos necesarios para aplicaciones decorativas de vajilla mediante inyección de tinta. Además, no describe la viscosidad en función de la velocidad de cizalladura o derivada de la deformación transversal respecto del tiempo, dato fundamental para definir una tinta para decoración DoD. Within the state of the art is also the application CN 107640980 that describes an inkjet enamel composition, specifically for its application in the enameling of fully enameled natural stone ceramic tiles. Specifically, it protects two enamel compositions, one that is deposited on the surface of the ceramic substrate and a second that is deposited on the first. In both cases its composition is described in the form of isolated raw materials expressed in oxides, as usual in the formulation of enamels. Again these are compositions based on water, specifically 33% water. Furthermore, it contains specific components for aqueous media such as sodium tripolyphosphate, widely known in the state of the art for its chelating agent function, and cellulose ether, also known in the state of the art as a thickening agent. However, CN application 107640980 does not describe the use of frits or pigments, both necessary for decorative inkjet tableware applications. Furthermore, it does not describe the viscosity as a function of the shear rate or derived from the transverse deformation with respect to time, fundamental data to define a DoD decoration ink.
EXPLICACIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
A lo largo de la invención y las reivindicaciones la palabra“comprende” y sus variantes no pretenden excluir otras características técnicas, aditivos, componentes o pasos. Además, la palabra “comprende” incluye el caso “consiste en”. Para los expertos en la materia, otros objetos, ventajas y características de la invención se desprenderán en parte de la descripción y en parte de la práctica de la invención.  Throughout the invention and the claims the word "comprises" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or steps. Furthermore, the word "comprises" includes the case "consists of". For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages, and features of the invention will emerge in part from the description and in part from the practice of the invention.
La presente invención es una composición de tinta destinada a la decoración in-glaze y on-glaze mediante tecnología de inyección de tinta por gota bajo demanda (Drop-on-demand, cuyas siglas en inglés son DoD) que se encuentra libre de Ni, Cd y Pb y proporciona efectos cromáticos en soportes de vajilla una vez sometidas a un ciclo de cocción a temperaturas comprendidas entre 850 °C y 1300 °C. Los productos de vajilla decorados obtenidos se caracterizan por superar el test de resistencia a lavado con lavavajillas según la norma ASTM3565.  The present invention is an ink composition intended for in-glaze and on-glaze decoration using Drop-on-Demand (DoD) inkjet technology that is free of Ni, Cd and Pb and provides color effects on tableware supports after they have been cooked through a cycle at temperatures between 850 ° C and 1300 ° C. The decorated tableware products obtained are characterized by passing the test of resistance to washing with a dishwasher according to the ASTM3565 standard.
El término“frita” tal y como se utiliza en la presente invención se refiere a una mezcla de compuestos inorgánicos que se ha sometido a un proceso de fusión y posterior enfriamiento para obtener un compuesto vidrioso amorfo, es decir, sin estructura cristalina, y cuya composición se expresa en forma de óxido.  The term "frit" as used in the present invention refers to a mixture of inorganic compounds that has been subjected to a fusion and subsequent cooling process to obtain an amorphous glassy compound, that is, without a crystalline structure, and whose composition is expressed as oxide.
Según la presente invención, la composición de tinta comprende al menos una frita en un porcentaje en peso, respecto del total de la composición de la tinta, comprendido entre 35% y 55%, libre de Ni, Cd y Pb y con un coeficiente de dilatación térmica comprendido entre 70 x107°C 1 y 85 x107°C 1 en el intervalo de temperaturas comprendido entre 25°C y 500°C. La medida del coeficiente de dilatación térmica (también conocido por las siglas CDT) es ampliamente conocido por el experto en la materia y se realiza mediante un dilatómetro (del tipo marca BAHR Modelo DIL801 L THERMO ANALYSE o similares). Para ello se prepara una pieza del material cerámico de dimensiones 10 cm x 10 cm y se cuece a la temperatura de tratamiento térmico de acuerdo con la presente invención. Una vez realizada la cocción, se corta un trozo de la pieza de 5 cm de largo y 3 cm de ancho y se pule hasta que adopte una forma cilindrica. Una vez obtenido el cilindro, se introduce en el dilatómetro para realizar la medida del CDT en el intervalo de temperatura deseado. Por otra parte la composición en peso, respecto del total de la composición de la frita, de cada una de las fritas presentes en la tinta según la invención comprende entre 50% y 65% de Si02, entre 5% y 22% de R20, entre 0% y 12% de RO, entre 0% y 8% de M02, entre 7% y 11% de AI203 y entre 10% y 18% de B203; donde R20 representa al menos un óxido seleccionado entre Li20, Na20 y K20 o mezcla de ellos, donde RO representa al menos un óxido seleccionado entre ZnO, MgO, CaO y BaO o mezcla de ellos y donde M02 representa al menos un óxido seleccionado entre Ti02, Zr02 y Ce02 o mezcla de ellos. According to the present invention, the ink composition comprises at least one frit in a percentage by weight, with respect to the total ink composition, comprised between 35% and 55%, free of Ni, Cd and Pb and with a coefficient of thermal expansion between 70 x10 7 ° C 1 and 85 x10 7 ° C 1 in the temperature range between 25 ° C and 500 ° C. The measurement of the coefficient of thermal expansion (also known by the acronym CDT) is widely known to the person skilled in the art matter and is performed using a dilatometer (type BAHR Model DIL801 L THERMO ANALYSE or the like). For this, a piece of the ceramic material with dimensions 10 cm x 10 cm is prepared and fired at the heat treatment temperature according to the present invention. After firing, a 5 cm long and 3 cm wide piece is cut from the piece and polished until it takes on a cylindrical shape. Once the cylinder is obtained, it is introduced into the dilatometer to carry out the CDT measurement in the desired temperature range. On the other hand, the composition by weight, with respect to the total composition of the frit, of each of the frits present in the ink according to the invention comprises between 50% and 65% of Si02, between 5% and 22% of R20, between 0% and 12% of RO, between 0% and 8% of M02, between 7% and 11% of AI203 and between 10% and 18% of B203; where R20 represents at least one oxide selected from Li20, Na20 and K20 or a mixture thereof, where RO represents at least one oxide selected from ZnO, MgO, CaO and BaO or a mixture thereof and where M02 represents at least one oxide selected from Ti02 , Zr02 and Ce02 or a mixture of them.
Otro aspecto de la presente invención es que la composición de tinta comprende al menos un disolvente apolar en un porcentaje en peso, respecto del total de la composición de la tinta, comprendido entre 25% y 40%. Ejemplos de disolventes apolares según la invención, a modo ilustrativo pero no limitativo, son, hidrocarburos alifáticos, hidrocarburos aromáticos, destilados de petróleo y ásteres alifáticos.  Another aspect of the present invention is that the ink composition comprises at least one apolar solvent in a percentage by weight, with respect to the total of the ink composition, comprised between 25% and 40%. Examples of apolar solvents according to the invention, by way of illustration but not limitation, are aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, petroleum distillates and aliphatic esters.
Los pigmentos cerámicos utilizados en la composición de tinta según la invención, tienen un tamaño de partícula D50 comprendido entre 100 nanómetros y 500 nanómetros. Se ha comprobado que, fuera de este rango los pigmentos cerámicos presentarían problemas de inestabilidad en la tinta provocando su sedimentación así como bloqueando los orificios de salida de los cabezales de impresión DoD. Ejemplos de pigmentos cerámicos según la invención a título enunciativo pero no limitativo son Fe203, CuO, CeO, Cr207, entre otros así como estructuras cristalinas del tipo espinelas, perovskitas, silicatos de circonio, etc. dopadas con diferentes cationes como Pr, La, V, Co, Cu, Fe, Cr, entre otros. Asimismo, los pigmentos se encuentran libres de Ni, Cd y Pb.  The ceramic pigments used in the ink composition according to the invention have a D50 particle size of between 100 nanometers and 500 nanometers. Outside of this range, ceramic pigments have been found to have ink instability problems causing ink to settle as well as block the DoD printhead exit holes. Examples of ceramic pigments according to the invention by way of example but not limitation are Fe203, CuO, CeO, Cr207, among others, as well as crystalline structures of the spinel, perovskite, zirconium silicate type, etc. doped with different cations such as Pr, La, V, Co, Cu, Fe, Cr, among others. Also, the pigments are free of Ni, Cd and Pb.
La tinta según la presente invención también contempla al menos un dispersante en un porcentaje en peso, respecto del total de la composición de la tinta, comprendido entre 1% y 5% y se selecciona del grupo que comprende derivados de ácidos carboxílicos, copolímeros acrílicos, ásteres grasos poliméricos, ásteres poliméricos, poliésteres ácidos, sales de poliamidas, sales de alquilamonio, ácidos policarboxílicos, ásteres de ácido policarboxílico, poliamidas, poliuretanos modificados, ásteres fosfóricos, sal de poliacrilato, alcóxidos, derivados de ácido graso modificado no iónico, sal de ácido carboxílico, poliéter fosfórico y sal de ácido policarboxílico o mezcla de los anteriores. The ink according to the present invention also contemplates at least one dispersant in a percentage by weight, with respect to the total composition of the ink, comprised between 1% and 5% and is selected from the group comprising derivatives of carboxylic acids, acrylic copolymers, polymeric fatty esters, polymeric esters, acidic polyesters, polyamide salts, alkyl ammonium salts, acids polycarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acid esters, polyamides, modified polyurethanes, phosphoric esters, polyacrylate salt, alkoxides, derivatives of non-ionic modified fatty acid, carboxylic acid salt, polyether phosphoric acid and polycarboxylic acid salt or mixture of the above.
Otro aspecto de la presente invención es que la tinta contiene al menos un espesante en un porcentaje en peso, respecto del total de la composición de la tinta, comprendido entre 1 % y 5% y se selecciona del grupo que comprende resinas acrílicas, derivados de celulosa y/o polivinilalcoholes.  Another aspect of the present invention is that the ink contains at least one thickener in a percentage by weight, with respect to the total composition of the ink, comprised between 1% and 5% and is selected from the group comprising acrylic resins, derived from cellulose and / or polyvinyl alcohols.
Por último, la tinta para vajilla también contiene al menos un humectante en un porcentaje en peso, respecto del total de la composición de la tinta, comprendido entre 0,1% y 1% y se selecciona del grupo que comprende mezcla de éteres con glicol de polietileno-polipropileno con éter monobencílico y alcoholes C8-C10, copolímero de poliéter polisiloxano, surfactantes no iónicos, polidimetilsiloxano modificado con poliéter, derivados fluorados, alcoholes alcoxilados, copolímeros de óxido de etileno y polietileno y polidimetilsiloxanos modificados con poliéster.  Finally, the tableware ink also contains at least one humectant in a percentage by weight, with respect to the total ink composition, comprised between 0.1% and 1% and is selected from the group that comprises a mixture of ethers with glycol of polyethylene-polypropylene with monobenzyl ether and C8-C10 alcohols, polyether polysiloxane copolymer, nonionic surfactants, polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane, fluorinated derivatives, alkoxylated alcohols, copolymers of ethylene oxide and polyethylene and polydimethylsiloxanes modified with polyester.
En la formulación de tintas para tecnología de inyección de tinta DoD es fundamental definir una serie de propiedades que aseguren su correcto comportamiento durante la impresión. En este sentido cabe destacar el valor de la viscosidad en función de la velocidad de cizalladura o derivada de la deformación transversal respecto del tiempo, tanto cuando la tinta está en reposo (velocidad de cizalladura a 1 s 1) como cuando se encuentra en movimiento en el circuito del equipo impresión (velocidad de cizalladura comprendido entre 100 s 1 y 1000 s 1). La medida de la velocidad de cizalladura se ha realizado con un reómetro de tipo cono-plato Antón Paar modelo MCR102. El procedimiento de medida consiste en colocar la tinta en una placa horizontal calefactable. Posteriormente el cono baja y comienza a girar midiéndose el par de torsión. A partir del valor de par de torsión se calcula el valor de viscosidad a una determinada temperatura y velocidad de cizalladura. En este sentido la composición de tinta objeto de la presente invención se caracteriza por tener los siguientes valores de viscosidad a 22°C en función de la velocidad de cizalladura:In the formulation of inks for DoD inkjet technology it is essential to define a series of properties that ensure their correct behavior during printing. In this sense, it is worth noting the value of the viscosity as a function of the shear rate or derived from the transverse deformation with respect to time, both when the ink is at rest (shear rate at 1 s 1 ) and when it is in motion in the printing equipment circuit (shear rate between 100 s 1 and 1000 s 1 ). The shear speed measurement was made with an Antón Paar cone-plate type rheometer model MCR102. The measurement procedure consists of placing the ink on a heated horizontal plate. The cone then lowers and begins to rotate, measuring the torque. From the torque value the viscosity value is calculated at a given temperature and shear rate. In this sense, the ink composition object of the present invention is characterized by having the following viscosity values at 22 ° C as a function of the shear rate:
• Entre 20 cP y 80 cP a 1 s 1 de velocidad de cizalladura. • Between 20 cP and 80 cP at 1 s 1 shear rate.
• Entre 12 cP y 40 cP a 100 s 1 de velocidad de cizalladura. • Between 12 cP and 40 cP at 100 s 1 shear rate.
• Entre 11 cP y 18 cP a 1000 s 1 de velocidad de cizalladura. • Between 11 cP and 18 cP at 1000 s 1 shear rate.
En el campo de las tintas para inyección de tinta es habitual el uso de la unidad cegesimal centipoise (cP) donde 1 cP equivale a 0,001 Pa s en el Sistema Internacional de Unidades. Un aspecto de la presente invención es que las tintas se pueden utilizar para decorar directamente cualquier tipo de soporte de vajilla. A su vez el soporte de vajilla puede estar tanto esmaltado y crudo, es decir, sin el esmalte cocido, así como esmaltado y con esmalte previamente cocido. Ejemplos de soportes de vajilla a título enunciativo pero no limitativo incluye bone-chine, fine-china, porcelana, stoneware, vajilla para hostelería (también conocido como hotelware en inglés), gres, etc. In the field of inkjet inks, the use of the cegesimal centipoise unit (cP) is common, where 1 cP is equivalent to 0.001 Pa s in the International System of Units. One aspect of the present invention is that the inks can be used to directly decorate any type of tableware holder. In turn, the tableware support can be both enameled and raw, that is, without the enamel fired, as well as enameled and with previously fired enamel. Examples of tableware holders by way of example but not limitation include bone-chine, fine-china, porcelain, stoneware, tableware for hotels (also known as hotelware in English), stoneware, etc.
Otro aspecto de la presente invención es que las tintas se pueden utilizar para decorar soportes de vajilla mediante calcas. Este tipo de decoración es especialmente interesante para decorar soportes de vajilla con elevado relieve o curvatura. El procedimiento de decoración consiste en depositar las tintas sobre la calca que a su vez está adherida a un soporte. Una vez decorada la calca, ésta se moja y se retira del soporte al que estaba pegada. Finalmente la calca decorada se deposita, bien manualmente o bien con un equipo automático que coge la calca y la deposita, en ambos casos sobre el soporte de vajilla previamente esmaltado y cocido y el conjunto se somete a un ciclo de cocción a la temperatura adecuada.  Another aspect of the present invention is that the inks can be used to decorate tableware supports using decals. This type of decoration is especially interesting for decorating crockery supports with high relief or curvature. The decoration procedure consists of depositing the inks on the decal, which in turn is attached to a support. Once the decal is decorated, it is wetted and removed from the support to which it was attached. Finally, the decorated decal is deposited, either manually or with an automatic equipment that takes the decal and deposits it, in both cases on the previously enameled and cooked crockery support and the whole is subjected to a firing cycle at the appropriate temperature.
FORMAS PREFERENTES DE REALIZACIÓN  PREFERRED FORMS OF REALIZATION
Los siguientes ejemplos se proporcionan a título ilustrativo, y no se pretende que sean limitativos de la presente invención. Además, la presente invención cubre todas las posibles combinaciones de realizaciones particulares y preferidas aquí indicadas.  The following examples are provided by way of illustration, and are not intended to be limiting of the present invention. Furthermore, the present invention covers all possible combinations of particular and preferred embodiments indicated herein.
Se prepararon, a modo de ejemplo, tres tipos de fritas así como diferentes formulaciones de tintas, todo según la presente invención. Los productos de vajilla obtenidos en cada ejemplo se sometieron a un test de resistencia a lavavajillas de acuerdo con la norma ASTM-D-3565. En dicha norma se establecen cinco escalas de valoración del producto final una vez sometido al test de envejecimiento acelerado en el que la vajilla se frota vigorosamente con una muselina:  Three types of frits as well as different ink formulations were prepared by way of example, all in accordance with the present invention. The tableware products obtained in each example were subjected to a dishwasher resistance test according to ASTM-D-3565. This standard establishes five scales for evaluating the final product after undergoing the accelerated aging test in which the dishes are vigorously rubbed with muslin:
0: no se produce alteración del producto, no hay pérdida del pigmento por frote ni deterioro ni pérdida de lustre.  0: there is no alteration of the product, there is no loss of pigment due to rubbing or deterioration or loss of luster.
1 : ligero: trazas de pigmento en el tejido; ligera pérdida o matificación, primera evidencia reconocible de alteración.  1: light: traces of pigment in the fabric; slight loss or matification, first recognizable evidence of alteration.
2: moderado: pigmento apreciable en el tejido; obvia pérdida o matificación.  2: moderate: appreciable pigment in the tissue; obvious loss or matification.
3: considerable: extensivo pigmento en el tejido; extensiva retirada del pigmento.  3: considerable: extensive pigment in the tissue; extensive pigment removal.
4: completa: esencialmente completa retirada del pigmento después del frote.  4: complete: essentially complete removal of the pigment after rubbing.
En la siguiente tabla se muestran las tres composiciones de las fritas, expresadas en porcentaje en peso de los óxidos de acuerdo con la presente invención con el objetivo de conseguir las propiedades deseadas y a un tamaño de partícula necesario para la formulación de tintas DoD, concretamente con un D50 de 200 nm. En este sentido, se indica también el coeficiente de dilatación térmica (CDT) obtenido en cada una de ellas a un tamaño de partícula D50 de 200 nm. The following table shows the three compositions of the frits, expressed in percent by weight of the oxides according to the present invention with the aim of achieving the desired properties and a particle size necessary for the formulation of DoD inks, specifically with a D50 of 200 nm. In this sense, the thermal expansion coefficient (CDT) obtained in each of them is also indicated at a D50 particle size of 200 nm.
Figure imgf000009_0001
Figure imgf000009_0001
Ejemplo 1. Decoración in-glaze de bone-china mediante calca. Example 1. In-glaze decoration of bone-china using decal.
Se prepararon cinco composiciones de tintas de distintos colores: negro (K1), azul (B1), rojo (R1), amarillo (Y1) y verde (G1) según la presente invención. En la Tabla 2 se indica la composición de cada tinta expresada en porcentajes en peso de cada uno de los componentes.  Five different color ink compositions were prepared: black (K1), blue (B1), red (R1), yellow (Y1) and green (G1) according to the present invention. Table 2 shows the composition of each ink expressed in percentages by weight of each of the components.
Tabla 2  Table 2
Figure imgf000009_0002
Figure imgf000010_0003
Figure imgf000009_0002
Figure imgf000010_0003
Las propiedades de cada una de las tintas se indican a continuación. The properties of each of the inks are indicated below.
Tabla 3 Table 3
Figure imgf000010_0001
Las cinco tintas así obtenidas se aplicaron mediante un equipo de inyección de tinta DoD sobre una calca. Posteriormente la calca decorada con las tintas se depositó sobre soporte de vajilla tipo bone-china previamente esmaltado y cocido. Una vez aplicadas las cinco tintas, el conjunto vajilla con calca decorada se sometió a un ciclo de cocción a una temperatura máxima de 1150 °C.
Figure imgf000010_0001
The five inks thus obtained were applied by means of a DoD inkjet equipment on a decal. Subsequently, the decal decorated with the inks was placed on bone-china tableware support previously enameled and fired. Once the five inks had been applied, the tableware set with decorated decal was subjected to a firing cycle at a maximum temperature of 1150 ° C.
Finalmente el producto de vajilla resultante se sometió a un test de resistencia a lavavajillas de acuerdo con la norma ASTM-D-3565. En la siguiente tabla se muestra el resultado obtenido para cada composición de tinta. Finally the resulting tableware product was subjected to a dishwasher resistance test in accordance with ASTM-D-3565. The following table shows the result obtained for each ink composition.
Tabla 4
Figure imgf000010_0002
Table 4
Figure imgf000010_0002
Ejemplo 2. Decoración in-glaze de bone-china. Example 2. In-glaze bone-china decoration.
Se prepararon cinco composiciones de tintas de distintos colores: negro (K2), azul (B2), rojo (R2), amarillo (Y2) y verde (G2) según la presente invención. En la Tabla 5 se indica la composición de cada tinta expresada en porcentajes en peso de cada uno de los componentes. Tabla 5 Five ink compositions of different colors were prepared: black (K2), blue (B2), red (R2), yellow (Y2) and green (G2) according to the present invention. Table 5 shows the composition of each ink expressed in percentages by weight of each of the components. Table 5
Figure imgf000011_0001
Figure imgf000011_0001
Las propiedades de cada una de las tintas se indican a continuación. The properties of each of the inks are indicated below.
Tabla 6  Table 6
Figure imgf000011_0002
Las cinco tintas así obtenidas se aplicaron mediante un equipo de inyección de tinta DoD directamente sobre un soporte de vajilla tipo bone-china previamente esmaltado. Una vez aplicadas las cinco tintas, el conjunto vajilla decorada con tintas se sometió a un ciclo de cocción a una temperatura máxima de 1160 °C. Finalmente el producto de vajilla resultante se sometió a un test de resistencia a lavavajillas de acuerdo con la norma ASTM-D-3565. En la siguiente tabla se muestra el resultado obtenido para cada composición de tinta.
Figure imgf000011_0002
The five inks thus obtained were applied by means of a DoD inkjet equipment directly on a previously enameled bone-china tableware support. Once the five inks had been applied, the tableware set decorated with inks was subjected to a firing cycle at a maximum temperature of 1160 ° C. Finally the resulting tableware product was subjected to a dishwasher resistance test in accordance with ASTM-D-3565. The following table shows the result obtained for each ink composition.
Tabla 7
Figure imgf000012_0001
Ejemplo 3. Decoración on-glaze de bone-china mediante calca.
Table 7
Figure imgf000012_0001
Example 3. On-glaze decoration of bone-china using decal.
Se prepararon cinco composiciones de tintas de distintos colores: negro (K3), azul (B3), rojo (R3), amarillo (Y3) y verde (G3) según la presente invención. En la Tabla 8 se indica la composición de cada tinta expresada en porcentajes en peso de cada uno de los componentes.  Five ink compositions of different colors were prepared: black (K3), blue (B3), red (R3), yellow (Y3) and green (G3) according to the present invention. Table 8 shows the composition of each ink expressed in percentages by weight of each of the components.
Tabla 8 Table 8
Figure imgf000012_0002
Figure imgf000012_0002
Las propiedades de cada una de las tintas base se indican a continuación. Tabla 9 The properties of each of the base inks are indicated below. Table 9
Figure imgf000013_0001
Figure imgf000013_0001
Las cinco tintas así obtenidas se aplicaron mediante un equipo de inyección de tinta DoD sobre una calca. Posteriormente la calca decorada con las tintas se depositó sobre soporte de vajilla tipo bone-china previamente esmaltado y cocido. Una vez aplicadas las cinco tintas, el conjunto vajilla con calca decorada se sometió a un ciclo de cocción a una temperatura máxima de 860 °C. The five inks thus obtained were applied by means of a DoD inkjet equipment on a decal. Subsequently, the decal decorated with the inks was placed on bone-china tableware support previously enameled and fired. Once the five inks had been applied, the tableware set with decorated decal was subjected to a firing cycle at a maximum temperature of 860 ° C.
Finalmente el producto de vajilla resultante se sometió a un test de resistencia a lavavajillas de acuerdo con la norma ASTM-D-3565. En la siguiente tabla se muestra el resultado obtenido para cada composición de tinta. Finally the resulting tableware product was subjected to a dishwasher resistance test in accordance with ASTM-D-3565. The following table shows the result obtained for each ink composition.
Tabla 10
Figure imgf000013_0002
Table 10
Figure imgf000013_0002
Ejemplo 4. Decoración on-glaze de bone-china. Example 4. On-glaze bone-china decoration.
Se prepararon cinco composiciones de tintas de distintos colores: negro (K4), azul (B4), rojo (R4), amarillo (Y4) y verde (G4) según la presente invención. En la Tabla 11 se indica la composición de cada tinta expresada en porcentajes en peso de cada uno de los componentes.  Five different color ink compositions were prepared: black (K4), blue (B4), red (R4), yellow (Y4) and green (G4) according to the present invention. Table 11 shows the composition of each ink expressed in percentages by weight of each of the components.
Tabla 11 Table 11
Figure imgf000013_0003
Figure imgf000014_0001
Figure imgf000013_0003
Figure imgf000014_0001
Las propiedades de cada una de las tintas se indican a continuación. The properties of each of the inks are indicated below.
Tabla 12 Table 12
Figure imgf000014_0002
Las cinco tintas así obtenidas se aplicaron mediante un equipo de inyección de tinta DoD directamente sobre un soporte de vajilla tipo bone-china previamente esmaltado. Una vez aplicadas las cinco tintas el conjunto vajilla decorada con tintas se sometió a un ciclo de cocción a una temperatura máxima de 895 °C. Finalmente el producto de vajilla resultante se sometió a un test de resistencia a lavavajillas de acuerdo con la norma ASTM-D-3565. En la siguiente tabla se muestra el resultado obtenido para cada composición de tinta.
Figure imgf000014_0002
The five inks thus obtained were applied by means of a DoD inkjet equipment directly on a previously enameled bone-china tableware support. Once the five inks were applied, the tableware set decorated with inks underwent a firing cycle at a maximum temperature of 895 ° C. Finally the resulting tableware product was subjected to a dishwasher resistance test in accordance with ASTM-D-3565. The following table shows the result obtained for each ink composition.
Tabla 13
Figure imgf000014_0003
Ejemplo 5. Decoración in-glaze de porcelana mediante calca. Se prepararon cinco composiciones de tintas de distintos colores: negro (K5), azul (B5), rojo (R5), amarillo (Y5) y verde (G5) según la presente invención. En la Tabla 14 se indica la composición de cada tinta expresada en porcentajes en peso de cada uno de los componentes.
Figure imgf000015_0001
Table 13
Figure imgf000014_0003
Example 5. In-glaze porcelain decoration using decal. Five different color ink compositions were prepared: black (K5), blue (B5), red (R5), yellow (Y5) and green (G5) according to the present invention. Table 14 shows the composition of each ink expressed in percentages by weight of each of the components.
Figure imgf000015_0001
Figure imgf000015_0002
Figure imgf000015_0002
Las propiedades de cada una de las tintas se indican a continuación. The properties of each of the inks are indicated below.
Tabla 15 Table 15
Figure imgf000015_0003
Figure imgf000015_0003
Las cinco tintas así obtenidas se aplicaron mediante un equipo de inyección de tinta DoD sobre una calca. Posteriormente la calca decorada con las tintas se depositó sobre soporte de vajilla tipo porcelana previamente esmaltado y cocido. Una vez aplicadas las cinco tintas, el conjunto vajilla con calca decorada se sometió a un ciclo de cocción a una temperatura máxima de 1170 °C. The five inks thus obtained were applied by means of a DoD inkjet equipment on a decal. Subsequently, the decal decorated with the inks was deposited on a previously enameled and fired porcelain tableware support. Once applied the five inks, the set of dishes with decorated decal was subjected to a cooking cycle at a maximum temperature of 1170 ° C.
Finalmente el producto de vajilla resultante se sometió a un test de resistencia a lavavajillas de acuerdo con la norma ASTM-D-3565. En la siguiente tabla se muestra el resultado obtenido para cada composición de tinta. Finally the resulting tableware product was subjected to a dishwasher resistance test in accordance with ASTM-D-3565. The following table shows the result obtained for each ink composition.
Tabla 16
Figure imgf000016_0001
Table 16
Figure imgf000016_0001
Ejemplo 6. Decoración in-glaze de porcelana. Example 6. In-glaze porcelain decoration.
Se prepararon cinco composiciones de tintas de distintos colores: negro (K6), azul (B6), rojo (R6), amarillo (Y6) y verde (G6) según la presente invención. En la Tabla 17 se indica la composición de cada tinta expresada en porcentajes en peso de cada uno de los componentes.  Five different colored ink compositions were prepared: black (K6), blue (B6), red (R6), yellow (Y6) and green (G6) according to the present invention. Table 17 shows the composition of each ink expressed in percentages by weight of each of the components.
Tabla 17 Table 17
Figure imgf000016_0002
Las propiedades de cada una de las tintas se indican a continuación.
Figure imgf000016_0002
The properties of each of the inks are indicated below.
Tabla 18 Table 18
Figure imgf000017_0001
Figure imgf000017_0001
Las cinco tintas así obtenidas se aplicaron mediante un equipo de inyección de tinta DoD sobre un soporte de vajilla tipo porcelana previamente esmaltado. Una vez aplicadas las cinco tintas el conjunto vajilla decorada con tintas se sometió a un ciclo de cocción a una temperatura máxima de 1250 °C. The five inks thus obtained were applied by means of a DoD inkjet equipment on a previously enameled porcelain tableware support. Once the five inks were applied, the tableware set decorated with inks was subjected to a firing cycle at a maximum temperature of 1250 ° C.
Finalmente el producto de vajilla resultante se sometió a un test de resistencia a lavavajillas de acuerdo con la norma ASTM-D-3565. En la siguiente tabla se muestra el resultado obtenido para cada composición de tinta.  Finally the resulting tableware product was subjected to a dishwasher resistance test in accordance with ASTM-D-3565. The following table shows the result obtained for each ink composition.
Tabla 19
Figure imgf000017_0002
Table 19
Figure imgf000017_0002
Ejemplo 7. Decoración on-glaze de porcelana mediante calca. Example 7. On-glaze porcelain decoration using decal.
Se prepararon cinco composiciones de tintas de distintos colores: negro (K7), azul (B7), rojo (R7), amarillo (Y7) y verde (G7) según la presente invención. En la Tabla 20 se indica la composición de cada tinta expresada en porcentajes en peso de cada uno de los componentes.  Five different color ink compositions were prepared: black (K7), blue (B7), red (R7), yellow (Y7) and green (G7) according to the present invention. Table 20 shows the composition of each ink expressed in percentages by weight of each of the components.
Tabla 20  Table 20
Figure imgf000017_0003
Figure imgf000018_0001
Figure imgf000017_0003
Figure imgf000018_0001
Las propiedades de cada una de las tintas base se indican a continuación. The properties of each of the base inks are indicated below.
Tabla 21 Table 21
Figure imgf000018_0002
Las cinco tintas así obtenidas se aplicaron mediante un equipo de inyección de tinta DoD sobre una calca. Posteriormente la calca decorada con las tintas se depositó sobre soporte de vajilla tipo porcelana previamente esmaltado y cocido. Una vez aplicadas las cinco tintas, el conjunto vajilla con calca decorada se sometió a un ciclo de cocción a una temperatura máxima de 925 °C.
Figure imgf000018_0002
The five inks thus obtained were applied by means of a DoD inkjet equipment on a decal. Subsequently, the decal decorated with the inks was deposited on a previously enameled and fired porcelain tableware support. Once the five inks were applied, the tableware set with decorated decal was subjected to a firing cycle at a maximum temperature of 925 ° C.
Finalmente el producto de vajilla resultante se sometió a un test de resistencia a lavavajillas de acuerdo con la norma ASTM-D-3565. En la siguiente tabla se muestra el resultado obtenido para cada composición de tinta.  Finally the resulting tableware product was subjected to a dishwasher resistance test in accordance with ASTM-D-3565. The following table shows the result obtained for each ink composition.
Tabla 22
Figure imgf000018_0003
Ejemplo 8. Decoración on-glaze de porcelana. Se prepararon cinco composiciones de tintas de distintos colores: negro (K8), azul (B8), rojo (R8), amarillo (Y8) y verde (G8) según la presente invención. En la Tabla 28 se indica la composición de cada tinta expresada en porcentajes en peso de cada uno de los componentes.
Table 22
Figure imgf000018_0003
Example 8. On-glaze porcelain decoration. Five different color ink compositions were prepared: black (K8), blue (B8), red (R8), yellow (Y8) and green (G8) according to the present invention. Table 28 shows the composition of each ink expressed in percentages by weight of each of the components.
Tabla 23  Table 23
Figure imgf000019_0001
Figure imgf000019_0001
Las propiedades de cada una de las tintas se indican a continuación. The properties of each of the inks are indicated below.
Tabla 24 Table 24
Figure imgf000019_0002
Figure imgf000019_0002
Las cinco tintas así obtenidas se aplicaron mediante un equipo de inyección de tinta DoD sobre un soporte de vajilla tipo porcelana previamente esmaltado. Una vez aplicadas las cinco tintas el conjunto vajilla decorada con tintas se sometió a un ciclo de cocción a una temperatura máxima de 965 °C. Finalmente el producto de vajilla resultante se sometió a un test de resistencia a lavavajillas de acuerdo con la norma ASTM-D-3565. En la siguiente tabla se muestra el resultado obtenido para cada composición de tinta. The five inks thus obtained were applied by means of a DoD inkjet equipment on a previously enameled porcelain tableware support. Once the five inks had been applied, the tableware set decorated with inks underwent a firing cycle at a maximum temperature of 965 ° C. Finally the resulting tableware product was subjected to a dishwasher resistance test in accordance with ASTM-D-3565. The following table shows the result obtained for each ink composition.
Tabla 25
Figure imgf000020_0001
Table 25
Figure imgf000020_0001
La expresión“libre de Ni, Cd y Pb” significa que cualquier componente de la tinta que pueda presentar dichos elementos como impurezas, debe ser depurado hasta que el contenido en dichos elementos esté por debajo de 100 ppm del contenido sólido total de la tinta.  The expression "free of Ni, Cd and Pb" means that any component of the ink that can present said elements as impurities, must be purified until the content in said elements is below 100 ppm of the total solid content of the ink.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Composición de tinta aplicable mediante tecnología de inyección de tinta destinada a la decoración in-glaze y on-glaze de productos de vajilla previamente esmaltados, caracterizada porque comprende:  1. Composition of ink applicable by means of inkjet technology for the in-glaze and on-glaze decoration of previously enameled tableware products, characterized in that it comprises:
a. Al menos una frita o mezcla de fritas en un porcentaje en peso comprendido entre 35% y 55%, libre de Ni, Cd y Pb en su composición y con un coeficiente de dilatación térmica comprendido entre 70 x 10 7°C 1 y 85 x 107°C 1 en el intervalo de temperaturas comprendido entre 25°C y 500°C. to. At least one frit or mixture of frits in a percentage by weight between 35% and 55%, free of Ni, Cd and Pb in its composition and with a coefficient of thermal expansion of between 70 x 10 7 ° C 1 and 85 x 10 7 ° C 1 in the temperature range between 25 ° C and 500 ° C.
b. Al menos un disolvente apolar o mezcla de disolventes apolares en un porcentaje en peso comprendido entre 25% y 40%.  b. At least one apolar solvent or mixture of apolar solvents in a percentage by weight of between 25% and 40%.
c. Al menos un pigmento cerámico o mezcla de pigmentos cerámicos en un porcentaje en peso comprendido entre 10% y 25%  c. At least one ceramic pigment or mixture of ceramic pigments in a percentage by weight of between 10% and 25%
d. Al menos un dispersante o mezcla de dispersantes en un porcentaje en peso comprendido entre 1 % y 5%.  d. At least one dispersant or dispersant mixture in a percentage by weight of between 1% and 5%.
e. Al menos un espesante o mezcla de espesantes en un porcentaje en peso comprendido entre 1 % y 5%.  and. At least one thickener or mixture of thickeners in a percentage by weight of between 1% and 5%.
f. Al menos un humectante o mezcla de humectantes en un porcentaje en peso comprendido entre 0,1% y 1 %.  F. At least one humectant or mixture of humectants in a percentage by weight of between 0.1% and 1%.
2. La composición de tinta según la reivindicación 1 donde la composición en peso de la al menos una frita o mezcla de fritas comprende entre 50% y 65% de Si02, entre 5% y 22% de R20, entre 0% y 12% de RO, entre 0% y 8% de M02, entre 7% y 11% de AI203 y entre 10% y 18% de B203; donde R20 representa al menos un óxido seleccionado entre Li20, Na20 y K20 o mezcla de ellos, donde RO representa al menos un óxido seleccionado entre ZnO, MgO, CaO y BaO o mezcla de ellos y donde M02 representa al menos un óxido seleccionado entre Ti02, Zr02 y Ce02 o mezcla de ellos.  2. The ink composition according to claim 1 wherein the composition by weight of the at least one frit or mixture of frits comprises between 50% and 65% Si02, between 5% and 22% R20, between 0% and 12% RO, between 0% and 8% of M02, between 7% and 11% of AI203 and between 10% and 18% of B203; where R20 represents at least one oxide selected from Li20, Na20 and K20 or a mixture thereof, where RO represents at least one oxide selected from ZnO, MgO, CaO and BaO or a mixture thereof and where M02 represents at least one oxide selected from Ti02 , Zr02 and Ce02 or a mixture of them.
3. La composición de tinta según la reivindicación 1 donde la al menos una frita o mezcla de fritas tiene un tamaño de partícula D50 comprendido entre 100 nanómetros y 500 nanómetros.  3. The ink composition according to claim 1 wherein the at least one frit or mixture of frits has a particle size D50 of between 100 nanometers and 500 nanometers.
4. La composición de tinta según la reivindicación 1 donde el al menos un pigmento cerámico o mezcla de pigmentos cerámicos tiene un tamaño de partícula D50 comprendido entre 100 nanómetros y 500 nanómetros. 4. The ink composition according to claim 1 wherein the at least one ceramic pigment or mixture of ceramic pigments has a particle size D50 of between 100 nanometers and 500 nanometers.
5. La composición de tinta según la reivindicación 1 donde el al menos un pigmento cerámico o mezcla de pigmentos cerámicos se encuentra libre de Ni, CD y Pb. 5. The ink composition according to claim 1 wherein the at least one ceramic pigment or mixture of ceramic pigments is free of Ni, CD and Pb.
6. La composición de tinta según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores donde el al menos un dispersante o mezcla de dispersantes se selecciona del grupo que comprende derivados de ácidos carboxílicos, copolímeros acrílicos, ásteres grasos poliméricos, ásteres poliméricos, poliésteres ácidos, sales de poliamidas, sales de alquilamonio, ácidos policarboxílicos, ásteres de ácido policarboxílico, poliamidas, poliuretanos modificados, ásteres fosfóricos, sal de poliacrilato, alcóxidos, derivados de ácido graso modificado no iónico, sal de ácido carboxílico, poliéter fosfórico y sal de ácido policarboxílico.  6. The ink composition according to any of the preceding claims wherein the at least one dispersant or dispersant mixture is selected from the group comprising carboxylic acid derivatives, acrylic copolymers, polymeric fatty esters, polymeric esters, acidic polyesters, polyamide salts, alkylammonium salts, polycarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acid esters, polyamides, modified polyurethanes, phosphoric esters, polyacrylate salt, alkoxides, derivatives of nonionic modified fatty acid, carboxylic acid salt, polyether phosphoric acid and polycarboxylic acid salt.
7. La composición de tinta según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores donde el al menos un espesante o mezcla de espesantes se selecciona del grupo que comprende resinas acrílicas, derivados de celulosa y polivinilalcoholes.  7. The ink composition according to any of the preceding claims wherein the at least one thickener or mixture of thickeners is selected from the group comprising acrylic resins, cellulose derivatives and polyvinyl alcohols.
8. La composición de tinta según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores donde el al menos un humectante o mezcla de humectantes se selecciona del grupo que comprende mezcla de éteres con glicol de polietileno-polipropileno con éter monobencílico y alcoholes C8-C10, copolímero de poliéter polisiloxano, surfactantes no iónicos, polidimetilsiloxano modificado con poliéter, derivados fluorados, alcoholes alcoxilados, copolímeros de óxido de etileno y polietileno y polidimetilsiloxanos modificados con poliéster.  The ink composition according to any of the preceding claims wherein the at least one humectant or mixture of humectants is selected from the group comprising mixture of ethers with polyethylene-polypropylene glycol with monobenzyl ether and C8-C10 alcohols, polyether polysiloxane copolymer , nonionic surfactants, polyether modified polydimethylsiloxane, fluorinated derivatives, alkoxylated alcohols, copolymers of ethylene oxide and polyethylene, and polyester modified polydimethylsiloxanes.
9. La composición de tinta según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores donde los valores de viscosidad a 22°C en función de la velocidad de cizalladura son:  9. The ink composition according to any of the preceding claims, where the viscosity values at 22 ° C as a function of the shear rate are:
I. Entre 20 cP y 80 cP a 1 s 1 de velocidad de cizalladura. I. Between 20 cP and 80 cP at 1 s 1 shear rate.
II. Entre 12 cP y 40 cP a 100 s 1 de velocidad de cizalladura. II. Between 12 cP and 40 cP at 100 s 1 shear rate.
III. Entre 11 cP y 18 cP a 1000 s 1 de velocidad de cizalladura. III. Between 11 cP and 18 cP at 1000 s 1 shear rate.
10. Procedimiento de decoración de vajilla con una composición de tinta según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores donde la vajilla decorada obtenida después del ciclo de cocción a una temperatura comprendida entre 850 °C y 1300 °C y sometida al test de envejecimiento acelerado en el que la vajilla se frota vigorosamente con una muselina, se presentan trazas de pigmento en el tejido y ligera pérdida o matificación en la decoración de la vajilla. 10. Procedure for decorating tableware with an ink composition according to any of the preceding claims, where the decorated tableware obtained after the cooking cycle at a temperature between 850 ° C and 1300 ° C and subjected to the accelerated aging test in which the dishes are rubbed vigorously with a muslin, traces of pigment appear in the fabric and slight loss or matification in the decoration of the dishes.
11. Procedimiento de decoración de vajilla con una composición de tinta según las reivindicaciones 1 a 9 donde la vajilla decorada obtenida después del ciclo de cocción a una temperatura comprendida entre 850 °C y 1300 °C y sometida al test de envejecimiento acelerado en el que la vajilla se frota vigorosamente con una muselina, no se produce alteración, no hay pérdida del pigmento por frote ni deterioro ni pérdida de lustre en la decoración de la vajilla. 11. Procedure for decorating tableware with an ink composition according to claims 1 to 9, where the decorated tableware obtained after the cooking cycle at a temperature between 850 ° C and 1300 ° C and subjected to the accelerated aging test in which the dishes are rubbed vigorously with a muslin, there is no alteration, there is no loss of pigment due to rubbing, deterioration or loss of luster in the decoration of the dishes.
PCT/ES2019/070767 2018-11-12 2019-11-11 Ink composition decorating tableware WO2020099704A1 (en)

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