WO2020098186A1 - Optical fiber preform rod and preparation method thereof, and optical fiber and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Optical fiber preform rod and preparation method thereof, and optical fiber and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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WO2020098186A1
WO2020098186A1 PCT/CN2019/077592 CN2019077592W WO2020098186A1 WO 2020098186 A1 WO2020098186 A1 WO 2020098186A1 CN 2019077592 W CN2019077592 W CN 2019077592W WO 2020098186 A1 WO2020098186 A1 WO 2020098186A1
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optical fiber
alkali metal
core rod
rod
fiber preform
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PCT/CN2019/077592
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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张飞
劳雪刚
肖华
沈震强
翟云霄
陈皎
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江苏亨通光导新材料有限公司
江苏亨通光电股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2020098186A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020098186A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
    • C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
    • C03B37/027—Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. glass optical fibres

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber, in particular to an optical fiber preform and its preparation method, optical fiber and its preparation method.
  • Ultra-low loss fiber can increase the transmission distance, can reduce the trunk and reduce the complexity of the network, and can greatly reduce the construction cost. With the development of the network, the demand for bandwidth is increasing. Favored by the market.
  • Ultra-low-loss optical fibers are generally quartz-based glass optical fibers doped with alkali metals in the core. If the core of the optical fiber preform contains an alkali metal element, when the fiber is drawn into an optical fiber, the alkali metal element can reduce the viscosity of the core, relax the silica network structure, make the density uniform, and reduce the density Rayleigh scattering loss caused by fluctuation can theoretically reduce the attenuation of the fiber.
  • ultra-low-loss optical fibers are made by using carrier gas to bring alkali metal vapor heated by an external heat source to the inner surface of a heated glass tube, thereby diffusing and doping alkali metal elements into the inner surface of the glass tube.
  • the inner surface of the glass tube is etched away to a certain thickness. Since the diffusion of the alkali metal element is faster than that of the transition metal element, a certain thickness is etched away from the inner surface of the glass tube, and the transition metal element is removed, but there are still many alkali metal elements inside the glass tube.
  • the etched glass tube is collapsed into a mandrel. Then, the optical fiber preform is coated on the mandrel jacket, and finally the optical fiber is drawn by drawing.
  • An optical fiber preform includes a core rod and a cladding layer wrapped around the core rod;
  • the core rod includes an inner core rod and an outer core layer wrapped around the inner core rod;
  • the inner core rod It is a quartz rod doped with alkali metal;
  • the outer core layer is a quartz tube doped with alkali metal;
  • the optical fiber preform has a first end and a second end opposite to the first end;
  • the alkali metal concentration of the inner core rod decreases, and the alkali metal concentration of the outer core layer increases.
  • the above-mentioned optical fiber preform has at least two core layers, and the decreasing direction of the alkali metal concentration in the two core layers is opposite, so that the alkali metal concentration in the optical fiber is evenly distributed in the radial direction and the longitudinal direction by drawing, and it is not easy to crystallize , To further reduce Rayleigh scattering of light and reduce fiber loss.
  • the cladding layer includes an inner cladding layer wrapped around the core rod, and an outer cladding layer coated on the inner cladding layer.
  • the alkali metal is selected from potassium.
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of the optical fiber preform.
  • a method for preparing an optical fiber preform includes the following steps:
  • the inner core rod is a quartz rod doped with alkali metal; the concentration of alkali metal in the inner core rod decreases from the first end to the second end;
  • the outer core tube is a quartz tube doped with an alkali metal; the alkali metal concentration in the outer core tube increases from the first end to the second end; the first end of the inner core rod and the outer core tube The first end is on the same end;
  • a cladding layer is coated on the core rod to form an optical fiber preform.
  • the above optical fiber preform preparation method uses at least two layers of core structure, and the decreasing direction of the alkali metal concentration in the two core layers is opposite, so that the alkali metal concentration in the optical fiber is evenly distributed in the radial direction and the longitudinal direction by drawing. It is not easy to crystallize, which further reduces the Rayleigh scattering of the fiber and reduces the fiber loss.
  • the inner mandrel is prepared by doping an inner wall of a quartz tube with alkali metal, then collapsing and etching the quartz tube into a solid rod, and then removing the outer surface layer of the solid rod to form an inner core Baton.
  • the outer core tube is prepared by doping an alkali metal into the inner wall of the quartz tube, and then collapsing and etching the quartz tube to form the outer core tube.
  • the doped alkali metal source is selected from potassium bromide.
  • the method before covering the cladding layer, the method further includes removing the outer surface layer of the core rod.
  • the invention also provides an optical fiber.
  • An optical fiber which is formed by drawing an optical fiber preform provided by the present invention.
  • the above optical fiber is drawn by using the optical fiber preform provided by the present invention. Therefore, the alkali metal concentration in the optical fiber is evenly distributed in the radial direction and the longitudinal direction, and it is not easy to crystallize, further reducing Rayleigh scattering of light and reducing fiber loss.
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of the optical fiber.
  • An optical fiber preparation method is to draw an optical fiber preform provided by the present invention into an optical fiber.
  • the preparation method of the above optical fiber is drawn by using the optical fiber preform provided by the present invention, so the alkali metal concentration in the optical fiber is evenly distributed in the radial direction and the longitudinal direction, and it is not easy to crystallize, which further reduces Rayleigh scattering of light and reduces fiber loss .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of an optical fiber preform according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a distribution diagram of potassium concentration in the longitudinal direction of the inner mandrel according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a potassium concentration distribution diagram of the outer core tube in the longitudinal direction of an embodiment.
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the inner core rod and the outer core tube.
  • 5 is a distribution diagram of potassium concentration in the radial direction of an optical fiber according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional refractive index profile of an optical fiber according to an embodiment.
  • the inventor of the present invention found through research that in order to obtain more alkali metal-doped quartz glass, the first solution is to increase the wall thickness; when a large-thickness quartz tube obtains a suitable diffusion temperature by reducing the moving speed of the heat source, In order to obtain an alkali metal concentration doping with an average concentration of 100 ppm to 1000 ppm, the inner wall of the tube will be crystallized due to the high alkali metal concentration, so that not only the low attenuation fiber cannot be obtained, but also the attenuation may increase.
  • the second scheme is to increase the length of the quartz tube without increasing the wall thickness of the quartz tube.
  • the solubility is related to the distance of the alkali metal source, that is, the closer to the alkali metal source, the higher the concentration.
  • the alkali metal concentration shows a large linear difference, and there will be a difference in transmission attenuation.
  • an optical fiber preform includes a core rod and a cladding layer coated on the core rod; the core rod includes an inner core rod 1, and an outer core layer 2 coated on the outer core rod 1 ;
  • the inner core rod 1 is a quartz rod doped with alkali metal;
  • the outer core layer 2 is a quartz tube doped with alkali metal;
  • the optical fiber preform has a first end and a second end opposite to the first end; From one end to the second end, the alkali metal concentration of the inner mandrel decreases and the alkali metal concentration of the outer core layer increases. That is, the decreasing direction of the alkali metal concentration of the inner core rod is opposite to the decreasing direction of the alkali metal concentration of the outer core layer.
  • both the inner core rod 1 and the outer core layer 2 extend along the optical axis.
  • the cladding is made of a material with a lower refractive index than that of the core rod.
  • the cladding layer includes an inner cladding layer 3 wrapped around the mandrel and an outer cladding layer 4 coated on the inner cladding layer.
  • the cladding may also be one layer.
  • the alkali metal refers to a metal element of Group IA.
  • the alkali metal is preferably selected from one of Ru, CS, K, and Na.
  • the alkali metal is selected from potassium. This can further improve the performance of the fiber.
  • the above-mentioned optical fiber preform has at least two core layers, and the decreasing direction of the alkali metal concentration in the two core layers is opposite, so that the alkali metal concentration in the optical fiber is evenly distributed in the radial direction and the longitudinal direction by drawing, and it is not easy to crystal , To further reduce the Rayleigh scattering of the fiber and reduce the fiber loss.
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of the optical fiber preform.
  • a method for preparing an optical fiber preform includes the following steps:
  • the inner core rod is a quartz rod doped with alkali metal; the concentration of alkali metal in the inner core rod decreases from the first end to the second end;
  • the outer core tube is a quartz tube doped with an alkali metal; the alkali metal concentration in the outer core tube increases from the first end to the second end; the first end of the inner core rod and the outer core tube The first end is on the same end;
  • a cladding layer is coated on the core rod to form an optical fiber preform.
  • the inner core rod is prepared by the following steps: doping an alkali metal into the inner wall of the quartz tube, then collapsing and etching the quartz tube into a solid rod, and then removing the outer surface layer of the solid rod to form the inner core rod.
  • the size of the quartz tube is 35mm * 25mm * 1000mm.
  • the size of the quartz tube is 35mm * 25mm * 1000mm.
  • it can be understood that it is not limited to this size, and may be other sizes deemed appropriate by those skilled in the art.
  • the source of alkali metal is selected from potassium bromide.
  • potassium bromide other alkali metal salts can be selected as the alkali metal source.
  • FIG. 2 is a potassium concentration distribution diagram in the longitudinal direction of the inner mandrel according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • the concentration of alkali metal in the inner mandrel decreases from one end to the other.
  • the outer core tube is prepared by doping an alkali metal into the inner wall of the quartz tube, and then collapsing and etching the quartz tube to form the outer core tube. It can be understood that the size of the outer core tube and the size of the inner core rod are suitable for the sleeve.
  • the size of the quartz tube for making the outer core tube is also 35 mm * 25 mm * 1000 mm.
  • the alkali metal source is selected from potassium bromide.
  • the method further includes removing the outer surface layer of the core rod.
  • the present invention uses a long glass tube to do alkali metal doping and match the concentration of high and low alkali metals, so that the average solubility of the alkali metal in the prefabricated core is uniform in the longitudinal direction, and the radial alkali metal concentration in the optical fiber is even after the wire drawing is heated and diffused It can effectively avoid the increase of crystallization loss caused by excessive doping of alkali metal elements due to the excessive thickness of the layer of the core structure.
  • the above optical fiber preform preparation method uses at least two layers of core structure, and the decreasing direction of the alkali metal concentration in the two core layers is opposite, so that the alkali metal concentration in the optical fiber is evenly distributed in the radial direction and the longitudinal direction by drawing. It is not easy to crystallize, which further reduces Rayleigh scattering of light and reduces fiber loss.
  • the invention also provides an optical fiber.
  • An optical fiber which is drawn by drawing the optical fiber preform provided by the invention.
  • the above optical fiber is drawn by using the optical fiber preform provided by the present invention. Therefore, the alkali metal concentration in the optical fiber is evenly distributed in the radial direction and the longitudinal direction, and it is not easy to crystallize, further reducing Rayleigh scattering of light and reducing fiber loss.
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of the optical fiber.
  • the preparation method of the above optical fiber is drawn by using the optical fiber preform provided by the present invention, so the alkali metal concentration in the optical fiber is evenly distributed in the radial direction and the longitudinal direction, and it is not easy to crystallize, which further reduces Rayleigh scattering of light and reduces fiber loss .
  • NR9200 was used to test the refractive index profile of the fiber.
  • the optical fiber of the present invention is very suitable for ultra-long-distance and large-capacity, high-rate network transmission applications due to its ultra-low loss characteristics, such as the use in 400G ultra-long-haul wavelength division multiplexing transmission system, which can reduce the regeneration by about 40% The number of stations has obvious benefits.
  • the optical fiber of the present invention can not only be widely used by operators, but also take into account the ultra-low attenuation characteristics. It can be used in the supporting communication project of the AC and DC network engineering of the power grid system, and can complete the ultra-long powerless relay optical transmission of more than 300km.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

Disclosed is an optical fiber preform rod, comprising a core rod and a coating layer coated on the core rod. The core rod comprises an inner core rod and an outer core layer coated on the inner core rod. The inner core rod is a quartz rod doped with an alkali metal, and the outer core layer is a quartz tube doped with an alkali metal. The concentration of the alkali metal in the inner core rod progressively decreases in a longitudinal direction that is opposite of the longitudinal direction in which the concentration of the alkali metal in the outer core layer progressively decreases. The optical fiber preform rod uses a structure of at least two core layers, and the alkali metal concentrations in the two core layers progressively decrease in opposite longitudinal directions. Thus, drawing of the optical fiber preform rod results in uniform distribution of alkali metal concentration both radially and longitudinally in the optical fiber, such that crystallization does not easily occur, and further reduces Rayleigh scattering of light and decreases optical fiber loss. Also disclosed are a preparation method of the optical fiber preform rod, an optical fiber and a preparation method thereof.

Description

光纤预制棒及其制备方法、光纤及其制备方法Optical fiber preform and its preparation method, optical fiber and its preparation method 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及光纤技术领域，特别是涉及一种光纤预制棒及其制备方法、光纤及其制备方法。The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber, in particular to an optical fiber preform and its preparation method, optical fiber and its preparation method.
背景技术Background technique
超低损耗光纤可以增加传输距离，可以减少中继降低网络的复杂性，能大幅地降低建设成本，随着网络的发展，对带宽的需求越发增大，此时超低损耗光纤越来越受市场青睐。Ultra-low loss fiber can increase the transmission distance, can reduce the trunk and reduce the complexity of the network, and can greatly reduce the construction cost. With the development of the network, the demand for bandwidth is increasing. Favored by the market.
超低损耗的光纤，一般为芯部掺杂有碱金属的石英系玻璃光纤。如果光纤预制棒的芯部包含碱金属元素，则当拉丝成光纤时，碱金属元素可以降低芯部的粘度，使二氧化硅的网状结构变得松弛，使密度变得均匀，降低由密度波动引起的瑞利散射损耗，理论上能够降低光纤的衰减。Ultra-low-loss optical fibers are generally quartz-based glass optical fibers doped with alkali metals in the core. If the core of the optical fiber preform contains an alkali metal element, when the fiber is drawn into an optical fiber, the alkali metal element can reduce the viscosity of the core, relax the silica network structure, make the density uniform, and reduce the density Rayleigh scattering loss caused by fluctuation can theoretically reduce the attenuation of the fiber.
传统地，超低损耗的光纤通过如下方式制成：利用载气将经外部热源加热后的碱金属蒸汽带到受热的玻璃管内表面，从而将碱金属元素扩散掺杂到玻璃管的内表面浅层；为了去除在掺杂碱金属元素的同时掺杂的过渡金属元素，将玻璃管的内表面蚀刻掉一定厚度。由于碱金属元素的扩散比过渡金属元素的扩散快，蚀刻掉玻璃管内表面一定厚度，去除了过渡金属元素，但是碱金属元素还有不少在玻璃管内部。蚀刻完成后，将蚀刻后的玻璃管通过塌缩制成芯棒。然后在芯棒外套上包层制成光纤预制棒，最后进行拉丝制成光纤。Traditionally, ultra-low-loss optical fibers are made by using carrier gas to bring alkali metal vapor heated by an external heat source to the inner surface of a heated glass tube, thereby diffusing and doping alkali metal elements into the inner surface of the glass tube. In order to remove the transition metal element doped while doping the alkali metal element, the inner surface of the glass tube is etched away to a certain thickness. Since the diffusion of the alkali metal element is faster than that of the transition metal element, a certain thickness is etched away from the inner surface of the glass tube, and the transition metal element is removed, but there are still many alkali metal elements inside the glass tube. After the etching is completed, the etched glass tube is collapsed into a mandrel. Then, the optical fiber preform is coated on the mandrel jacket, and finally the optical fiber is drawn by drawing.
但是，上述方法易造成碱金属分布不均匀、出现结晶等不良现象。However, the above-mentioned methods are prone to cause uneven distribution of alkali metals and crystallization and other undesirable phenomena.
发明内容Summary of the invention
基于此，有必要提供一种新的光纤预制棒。Based on this, it is necessary to provide a new optical fiber preform.
一种光纤预制棒，包括芯棒以及包覆在所述芯棒外的包层；所述芯棒包括内芯棒以及包覆在所述内芯棒外的外芯层；所述内芯棒为掺杂有碱金属的石英棒；所述外芯层为掺杂有碱金属的石英管；An optical fiber preform includes a core rod and a cladding layer wrapped around the core rod; the core rod includes an inner core rod and an outer core layer wrapped around the inner core rod; the inner core rod It is a quartz rod doped with alkali metal; the outer core layer is a quartz tube doped with alkali metal;
所述光纤预制棒具有第一端、以及与所述第一端相对的第二端；The optical fiber preform has a first end and a second end opposite to the first end;
从所述第一端到所述第二端，所述内芯棒的碱金属浓度递减，所述外芯层的碱金属浓度递增。From the first end to the second end, the alkali metal concentration of the inner core rod decreases, and the alkali metal concentration of the outer core layer increases.
上述光纤预制棒，由于采用至少两层芯层结构，并且两层芯层中碱金属浓度的递减方向相反，从而通过拉丝，使光纤中碱金属浓度在径向以及纵向上均匀分布，不易出现结晶，进一步降低光线的瑞利散射，降低光纤损耗。The above-mentioned optical fiber preform has at least two core layers, and the decreasing direction of the alkali metal concentration in the two core layers is opposite, so that the alkali metal concentration in the optical fiber is evenly distributed in the radial direction and the longitudinal direction by drawing, and it is not easy to crystallize , To further reduce Rayleigh scattering of light and reduce fiber loss.
优选地，所述包层包括包覆在所述芯棒外的内包层、以及包覆在所述内包层上的外包层。Preferably, the cladding layer includes an inner cladding layer wrapped around the core rod, and an outer cladding layer coated on the inner cladding layer.
优选地，所述碱金属选自钾。Preferably, the alkali metal is selected from potassium.
本发明还提供了一种光纤预制棒的制备方法。The invention also provides a preparation method of the optical fiber preform.
一种光纤预制棒的制备方法，包括如下步骤：A method for preparing an optical fiber preform includes the following steps:
将内芯棒***到外芯管中形成芯棒；所述内芯棒为掺杂有碱金属的石英棒；所述内芯棒中的碱金属浓度从第一端到第二端递减；所述外芯管为掺杂有碱金属的石英管；所述外芯管中的碱金属浓度从第一端到第二端递增；所述内芯棒的第一端与所述外芯管的第一端位于同一端；Inserting the inner core rod into the outer core tube to form a core rod; the inner core rod is a quartz rod doped with alkali metal; the concentration of alkali metal in the inner core rod decreases from the first end to the second end; The outer core tube is a quartz tube doped with an alkali metal; the alkali metal concentration in the outer core tube increases from the first end to the second end; the first end of the inner core rod and the outer core tube The first end is on the same end;
在所述芯棒外包覆包层，形成光纤预制棒。A cladding layer is coated on the core rod to form an optical fiber preform.
上述光纤预制棒的制备方法，由于采用至少两层芯层结构，并且两层芯层中碱金属浓度的递减方向相反，从而通过拉丝，使光纤中碱金属浓度在径向以及纵向上均匀分布，不易出现结晶，进一步降低光纤的瑞利散射，降低光纤损耗。The above optical fiber preform preparation method uses at least two layers of core structure, and the decreasing direction of the alkali metal concentration in the two core layers is opposite, so that the alkali metal concentration in the optical fiber is evenly distributed in the radial direction and the longitudinal direction by drawing. It is not easy to crystallize, which further reduces the Rayleigh scattering of the fiber and reduces the fiber loss.
优选地，所述内芯棒通过如下步骤制备：将碱金属掺杂到石英管的内壁，然后将所述石英管塌缩蚀刻成实心棒，再将所述实心棒去除外表层，形成内芯棒。Preferably, the inner mandrel is prepared by doping an inner wall of a quartz tube with alkali metal, then collapsing and etching the quartz tube into a solid rod, and then removing the outer surface layer of the solid rod to form an inner core Baton.
优选地，所述外芯管通过如下步骤制备：将碱金属掺杂到石英管的内壁，然后将所述石英管塌缩蚀刻，形成外芯管。Preferably, the outer core tube is prepared by doping an alkali metal into the inner wall of the quartz tube, and then collapsing and etching the quartz tube to form the outer core tube.
优选地，所述掺杂的碱金属源选自溴化钾。Preferably, the doped alkali metal source is selected from potassium bromide.
优选地，在包覆包层之前，还包括去除所述芯棒的外表层。Preferably, before covering the cladding layer, the method further includes removing the outer surface layer of the core rod.
本发明还提供了一种光纤。The invention also provides an optical fiber.
一种光纤，所述光纤由本发明所提供的光纤预制棒拉丝而成。An optical fiber, which is formed by drawing an optical fiber preform provided by the present invention.
上述光纤，由于采用本发明所提供的光纤预制棒拉丝而成，故而光纤中碱金属浓度在径向以及纵向上均匀分布，不易出现结晶，进一步降低光线的瑞利散射，降低光纤损耗。The above optical fiber is drawn by using the optical fiber preform provided by the present invention. Therefore, the alkali metal concentration in the optical fiber is evenly distributed in the radial direction and the longitudinal direction, and it is not easy to crystallize, further reducing Rayleigh scattering of light and reducing fiber loss.
本发明还提供了一种光纤的制备方法。The invention also provides a preparation method of the optical fiber.
一种光纤的制备方法，将本发明所提供的光纤预制棒拉丝形成光纤。An optical fiber preparation method is to draw an optical fiber preform provided by the present invention into an optical fiber.
上述光纤的制备方法，由于采用本发明所提供的光纤预制棒拉丝而成，故而光纤中碱金属浓度在径向以及纵向上均匀分布，不易出现结晶，进一步降低光线的瑞利散射，降低光纤损耗。The preparation method of the above optical fiber is drawn by using the optical fiber preform provided by the present invention, so the alkali metal concentration in the optical fiber is evenly distributed in the radial direction and the longitudinal direction, and it is not easy to crystallize, which further reduces Rayleigh scattering of light and reduces fiber loss .
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION
图1为本发明的一实施例的光纤预制棒的截面结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of an optical fiber preform according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图2为一实施例的内芯棒的纵向方向的钾浓度分布图。FIG. 2 is a distribution diagram of potassium concentration in the longitudinal direction of the inner mandrel according to an embodiment.
图3为一实施例的外芯管的纵向方向的钾浓度分布图。FIG. 3 is a potassium concentration distribution diagram of the outer core tube in the longitudinal direction of an embodiment.
图4为内芯棒与外芯管的套制关系图。Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the inner core rod and the outer core tube.
图5为一实施例的光纤的径向方向的钾浓度分布图。5 is a distribution diagram of potassium concentration in the radial direction of an optical fiber according to an embodiment.
图6为一实施例的光纤的剖面折射率分布图。6 is a cross-sectional refractive index profile of an optical fiber according to an embodiment.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合具体实施方式，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field of the present invention. The terminology used in the description of the present invention herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and is not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.
本发明的发明人通过研究发现，为了获得较多的掺杂碱金属的石英玻璃，第一种方案是增加壁厚；大壁厚的石英管通过降低热源的移动速度获得合适的 扩散温度时，为了获得平均浓度达到100ppm～1000ppm的碱金属浓度掺杂，管内壁会由于碱金属浓度过高而出现结晶，从而非但不能获得低衰减光纤还可能导致衰减上升。第二种方案是，不增加石英管壁厚而增加石英管长度，当石英管长度增长时，由于碱金属蒸发源与扩散石英玻璃管材在纵向位置上距离的差异较大，导致碱金属离子扩散石英管材在纵向上的具有较大的浓度差。经发明人试验，溶度呈现出与碱金属源的距离相关，即离碱金属源越近浓度相对越高。碱金属浓度呈现较大线性差异，将出现传输衰减的差异。The inventor of the present invention found through research that in order to obtain more alkali metal-doped quartz glass, the first solution is to increase the wall thickness; when a large-thickness quartz tube obtains a suitable diffusion temperature by reducing the moving speed of the heat source, In order to obtain an alkali metal concentration doping with an average concentration of 100 ppm to 1000 ppm, the inner wall of the tube will be crystallized due to the high alkali metal concentration, so that not only the low attenuation fiber cannot be obtained, but also the attenuation may increase. The second scheme is to increase the length of the quartz tube without increasing the wall thickness of the quartz tube. When the length of the quartz tube increases, the difference in the longitudinal position of the alkali metal evaporation source and the diffusion quartz glass tube is large, resulting in the diffusion of alkali metal ions The quartz tube has a large concentration difference in the longitudinal direction. According to the inventor's experiment, the solubility is related to the distance of the alkali metal source, that is, the closer to the alkali metal source, the higher the concentration. The alkali metal concentration shows a large linear difference, and there will be a difference in transmission attenuation.
参见图1，本发明一实施方式的光纤预制棒，包括芯棒以及包覆在芯棒外的包层；芯棒包括内芯棒1、以及包覆在内芯棒1外的外芯层2；内芯棒1为掺杂有碱金属的石英棒；外芯层2为掺杂有碱金属的石英管；光纤预制棒具有第一端、以及与第一端相对的第二端；从第一端到第二端，内芯棒的碱金属浓度递减，外芯层的碱金属浓度递增。也就是说，内芯棒的碱金属浓度递减方向与外芯层的碱金属浓度递减方向相反。Referring to FIG. 1, an optical fiber preform according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a core rod and a cladding layer coated on the core rod; the core rod includes an inner core rod 1, and an outer core layer 2 coated on the outer core rod 1 ; The inner core rod 1 is a quartz rod doped with alkali metal; the outer core layer 2 is a quartz tube doped with alkali metal; the optical fiber preform has a first end and a second end opposite to the first end; From one end to the second end, the alkali metal concentration of the inner mandrel decreases and the alkali metal concentration of the outer core layer increases. That is, the decreasing direction of the alkali metal concentration of the inner core rod is opposite to the decreasing direction of the alkali metal concentration of the outer core layer.
其中，内芯棒1以及外芯层2均光轴延伸。Among them, both the inner core rod 1 and the outer core layer 2 extend along the optical axis.
其中，包层由折射率比芯棒折射率低的材料制成。在本实施例中，包层包括包覆在芯棒外的内包层3、以及包覆在内包层上的外包层4。当然，可以理解的是，作为一种变型，包层也可以为一层。Among them, the cladding is made of a material with a lower refractive index than that of the core rod. In this embodiment, the cladding layer includes an inner cladding layer 3 wrapped around the mandrel and an outer cladding layer 4 coated on the inner cladding layer. Of course, it can be understood that, as a variant, the cladding may also be one layer.
其中，碱金属是指IA族金属元素。碱金属优选选自Ru、CS、K、Na中一种。在本实施例中，碱金属选自钾。这样可以更进一步提高光纤的性能。Among them, the alkali metal refers to a metal element of Group IA. The alkali metal is preferably selected from one of Ru, CS, K, and Na. In this embodiment, the alkali metal is selected from potassium. This can further improve the performance of the fiber.
上述光纤预制棒，由于采用至少两层芯层结构，并且两层芯层中碱金属浓度的递减方向相反，从而通过拉丝，使光纤中碱金属浓度在径向以及纵向上均匀分布，不易出现结晶，进一步降低光纤的瑞利散射，降低光纤损耗。The above-mentioned optical fiber preform has at least two core layers, and the decreasing direction of the alkali metal concentration in the two core layers is opposite, so that the alkali metal concentration in the optical fiber is evenly distributed in the radial direction and the longitudinal direction by drawing, and it is not easy to crystal , To further reduce the Rayleigh scattering of the fiber and reduce the fiber loss.
本发明还提供了一种光纤预制棒的制备方法。The invention also provides a preparation method of the optical fiber preform.
一种光纤预制棒的制备方法，包括如下步骤：A method for preparing an optical fiber preform includes the following steps:
将内芯棒***到外芯管中形成芯棒；所述内芯棒为掺杂有碱金属的石英棒；所述内芯棒中的碱金属浓度从第一端到第二端递减；所述外芯管为掺杂有碱金属的石英管；所述外芯管中的碱金属浓度从第一端到第二端递增；所述内芯棒的第一端与所述外芯管的第一端位于同一端；Inserting the inner core rod into the outer core tube to form a core rod; the inner core rod is a quartz rod doped with alkali metal; the concentration of alkali metal in the inner core rod decreases from the first end to the second end; The outer core tube is a quartz tube doped with an alkali metal; the alkali metal concentration in the outer core tube increases from the first end to the second end; the first end of the inner core rod and the outer core tube The first end is on the same end;
在所述芯棒外包覆包层，形成光纤预制棒。A cladding layer is coated on the core rod to form an optical fiber preform.
优选地，内芯棒通过如下步骤制备：将碱金属掺杂到石英管的内壁，然后将石英管塌缩蚀刻成实心棒，再将实心棒去除外表层，形成内芯棒。Preferably, the inner core rod is prepared by the following steps: doping an alkali metal into the inner wall of the quartz tube, then collapsing and etching the quartz tube into a solid rod, and then removing the outer surface layer of the solid rod to form the inner core rod.
在本实施例中，石英管的尺寸为35mm*25mm*1000mm。当然，可以理解的是，不限于此种尺寸，还可以是本领域技术人员认为合适的其他尺寸。In this embodiment, the size of the quartz tube is 35mm * 25mm * 1000mm. Of course, it can be understood that it is not limited to this size, and may be other sizes deemed appropriate by those skilled in the art.
在本实施例中，碱金属源选自溴化钾。当然，可以理解的是，除了溴化钾，可以选取其他碱金属盐作为碱金属源。In this embodiment, the source of alkali metal is selected from potassium bromide. Of course, it can be understood that, in addition to potassium bromide, other alkali metal salts can be selected as the alkali metal source.
参见图2，图2为本发明一具体实施例的内芯棒的纵向方向的钾浓度分布图。内芯棒中的碱金属浓度从一端到另一端递减。Referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 2 is a potassium concentration distribution diagram in the longitudinal direction of the inner mandrel according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. The concentration of alkali metal in the inner mandrel decreases from one end to the other.
优选地，外芯管通过如下步骤制备：将碱金属掺杂到石英管的内壁，然后将石英管塌缩蚀刻，形成外芯管。可以理解的是，外芯管的尺寸与内芯棒的尺寸为适合套制的尺寸。Preferably, the outer core tube is prepared by doping an alkali metal into the inner wall of the quartz tube, and then collapsing and etching the quartz tube to form the outer core tube. It can be understood that the size of the outer core tube and the size of the inner core rod are suitable for the sleeve.
在本实施例中，制作外芯管的石英管的尺寸也为35mm*25mm*1000mm。同样地，在本实施例中，碱金属源选自溴化钾。In this embodiment, the size of the quartz tube for making the outer core tube is also 35 mm * 25 mm * 1000 mm. Similarly, in this embodiment, the alkali metal source is selected from potassium bromide.
参见图3，图3为本发明一具体实施例的外芯管的纵向方向的钾浓度分布图。外芯管中的碱金属浓度从一端到另一端递减。Referring to FIG. 3, FIG. 3 is a potassium concentration distribution diagram of the outer core tube in the longitudinal direction of an embodiment of the present invention. The concentration of alkali metal in the outer core tube decreases from one end to the other.
需要说明的是，内芯棒与外芯管的制备过程没有特殊要求，可以同时进行，也可以先制备其中一个，后制备另一个。It should be noted that there are no special requirements for the preparation process of the inner core rod and the outer core tube, and they can be carried out at the same time, or one of them can be prepared first and then the other.
参见图4，也就是说，在将内芯棒1***到外芯管2时，是将内芯棒1的头端从外芯管2的头端***，当套制好后，内芯棒1的头端与外芯管2的尾端在同一端，而内芯棒1的尾端与外芯管2的头端在同一端。这样可以保证外芯管2碱金属浓度高的一端包裹在内芯棒1碱金属浓度低的一端；同时外芯管2碱金属浓度低的一端包裹在内芯棒1碱金属浓度高的一端；进而使纵向浓度趋于均匀。4, that is to say, when inserting the inner mandrel 1 into the outer core tube 2, the head end of the inner mandrel 1 is inserted from the head end of the outer core tube 2. When the sleeve is made, the inner mandrel The head end of 1 is at the same end as the tail end of the outer core tube 2, and the tail end of the inner mandrel 1 is at the same end as the head end of the outer core tube 2. This can ensure that the end of the outer core tube 2 with a high alkali metal concentration is wrapped at the end of the inner core rod 1 with a low alkali metal concentration; at the same time, the end of the outer core tube 2 with a low alkali metal concentration is wrapped at the end of the inner core rod 1 with a high alkali metal concentration; Furthermore, the longitudinal concentration tends to be uniform.
优选地，在包覆包层之前，还包括去除芯棒的外表层。Preferably, before covering the cladding, the method further includes removing the outer surface layer of the core rod.
本发明使用长的玻璃管进行碱金属掺杂，进行高低碱金属浓度匹配，使得碱金属在预制芯部的平均溶度呈现纵向均匀，拉丝加热扩散后光纤径向碱金属浓度也较均匀，可有效地避免一层芯结构因管壁过厚需要碱金属元素掺杂过量 导致结晶的损耗增大。The present invention uses a long glass tube to do alkali metal doping and match the concentration of high and low alkali metals, so that the average solubility of the alkali metal in the prefabricated core is uniform in the longitudinal direction, and the radial alkali metal concentration in the optical fiber is even after the wire drawing is heated and diffused It can effectively avoid the increase of crystallization loss caused by excessive doping of alkali metal elements due to the excessive thickness of the layer of the core structure.
上述光纤预制棒的制备方法，由于采用至少两层芯层结构，并且两层芯层中碱金属浓度的递减方向相反，从而通过拉丝，使光纤中碱金属浓度在径向以及纵向上均匀分布，不易出现结晶，进一步降低光线的瑞利散射，降低光纤损耗。The above optical fiber preform preparation method uses at least two layers of core structure, and the decreasing direction of the alkali metal concentration in the two core layers is opposite, so that the alkali metal concentration in the optical fiber is evenly distributed in the radial direction and the longitudinal direction by drawing. It is not easy to crystallize, which further reduces Rayleigh scattering of light and reduces fiber loss.
本发明还提供了一种光纤。The invention also provides an optical fiber.
一种光纤，光纤由本发明所提供的光纤预制棒拉丝而成。An optical fiber, which is drawn by drawing the optical fiber preform provided by the invention.
上述光纤，由于采用本发明所提供的光纤预制棒拉丝而成，故而光纤中碱金属浓度在径向以及纵向上均匀分布，不易出现结晶，进一步降低光线的瑞利散射，降低光纤损耗。The above optical fiber is drawn by using the optical fiber preform provided by the present invention. Therefore, the alkali metal concentration in the optical fiber is evenly distributed in the radial direction and the longitudinal direction, and it is not easy to crystallize, further reducing Rayleigh scattering of light and reducing fiber loss.
本发明还提供了一种光纤的制备方法。The invention also provides a preparation method of the optical fiber.
一种光纤的制备方法，将本发明所提供的光纤预制棒拉丝形成光纤。An optical fiber preparation method is to draw an optical fiber preform provided by the present invention into an optical fiber.
上述光纤的制备方法，由于采用本发明所提供的光纤预制棒拉丝而成，故而光纤中碱金属浓度在径向以及纵向上均匀分布，不易出现结晶，进一步降低光线的瑞利散射，降低光纤损耗。The preparation method of the above optical fiber is drawn by using the optical fiber preform provided by the present invention, so the alkali metal concentration in the optical fiber is evenly distributed in the radial direction and the longitudinal direction, and it is not easy to crystallize, which further reduces Rayleigh scattering of light and reduces fiber loss .
在光纤预制棒以及光纤的制备过程中测试碱金属钾的含量如图5所示。从图5可以看出，在光纤形成后，芯棒上钾的浓度在径向上较为均匀。The content of alkali metal potassium tested in the preparation process of optical fiber preforms and optical fibers is shown in Figure 5. It can be seen from Fig. 5 that after the optical fiber is formed, the concentration of potassium on the mandrel is relatively uniform in the radial direction.
利用PK2200对本发明的光纤的光学参数进行测试，并测试光纤在1550nm和1625nm波长不同弯曲半径下的附加损耗。测试结果表明，本发明光纤的光学参数如模场直径、截止波长和光纤损耗等方面可以做到完全符合ITU-T G.652.D/G.654.E标准的要求，并且弯曲性能优于G.652.D标准的要求。The optical parameters of the optical fiber of the present invention were tested using PK2200, and the additional loss of the optical fiber at different bending radii at 1550 nm and 1625 nm wavelengths was tested. The test results show that the optical parameters of the fiber of the present invention, such as mode field diameter, cut-off wavelength and fiber loss, can fully meet the requirements of the ITU-T G.652.D / G.654.E standard, and the bending performance is better than G.652.D standard requirements.
利用OTDR对光纤衰减进行测量，测量结果见表1。从表1中可以看出，1550nm波长处的衰减值≤0.160db/km，具有优异的衰减性能。Using OTDR to measure the attenuation of the fiber, the measurement results are shown in Table 1. It can be seen from Table 1 that the attenuation value at a wavelength of 1550 nm ≤ 0.160 db / km, which has excellent attenuation performance.
表1Table 1
拉丝长度(KM)Drawing length (KM) 1550衰减dB/KM1550 attenuation dB / KM
24.4124.41 0.1640.164
48.4248.42 0.1590.159
72.4372.43 0.1570.157
96.4496.44 0.1580.158
120.45120.45 0.1530.153
144.46144.46 0.1530.153
168.47168.47 0.1520.152
192.48192.48 0.1530.153
216.49216.49 0.1530.153
240.5240.5 0.1540.154
264.51264.51 0.1520.152
288.52288.52 0.1510.151
312.53312.53 0.1530.153
336.54336.54 0.1540.154
360.55360.55 0.1520.152
384.56384.56 0.1530.153
408.57408.57 0.1520.152
432.58432.58 0.1550.155
456.59456.59 0.1580.158
480.6480.6 0.1570.157
504.61504.61 0.1620.162
利用NR9200对光纤折射率剖面进行测试，测试结果见图6。NR9200 was used to test the refractive index profile of the fiber.
本发明的光纤，由于超低损耗特性，非常适用于超长距离和大容量，高速率网络传输的应用，如在400G超长距离波分复用传输***中使用，能减少约40％的再生站数，效益明显。本发明的光纤不仅能为运营商广为使用，考虑到超低衰减特性，在电网***交直流联网工程的配套通信工程中使用，可以完成300km以上的超长无电中继光传输。而且本发明的光纤的优良特性可提供网络余量，用来扩展网络跃迁跨度、扩增位点、升级到更快的比特率、增加网络组件的灵活性或延长再生器之间的距离，从而能实现更长更宽广的区域网络，来满足全球日益增长的带宽能力需求。本发明的光纤制备方法，工艺路线成熟、重复性好，易于进行产业化生产。The optical fiber of the present invention is very suitable for ultra-long-distance and large-capacity, high-rate network transmission applications due to its ultra-low loss characteristics, such as the use in 400G ultra-long-haul wavelength division multiplexing transmission system, which can reduce the regeneration by about 40% The number of stations has obvious benefits. The optical fiber of the present invention can not only be widely used by operators, but also take into account the ultra-low attenuation characteristics. It can be used in the supporting communication project of the AC and DC network engineering of the power grid system, and can complete the ultra-long powerless relay optical transmission of more than 300km. Moreover, the excellent characteristics of the optical fiber of the present invention can provide network margin for extending the network transition span, amplifying sites, upgrading to a faster bit rate, increasing the flexibility of network components or extending the distance between regenerators, thereby It can achieve a longer and wider regional network to meet the increasing demand for bandwidth capabilities worldwide. The optical fiber preparation method of the present invention has mature process routes and good repeatability, and is easy to carry out industrial production.
以上实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined. To simplify the description, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, all It is considered to be within the scope of this description.
以上实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普 通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。The above examples only express several embodiments of the present invention, and their descriptions are more specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the patent scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can also be made, which all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (9)

  1. 一种光纤预制棒，其特征在于，包括芯棒以及包覆在所述芯棒外的包层；所述芯棒包括内芯棒以及包覆在所述内芯棒外的外芯层；所述内芯棒为掺杂有碱金属的石英棒；所述外芯层为掺杂有碱金属的石英管；An optical fiber preform, characterized in that it includes a core rod and a cladding layer wrapped around the core rod; the core rod includes an inner core rod and an outer core layer wrapped around the inner core rod; The inner core rod is a quartz rod doped with alkali metal; the outer core layer is a quartz tube doped with alkali metal;
    所述光纤预制棒具有第一端、以及与所述第一端相对的第二端；The optical fiber preform has a first end and a second end opposite to the first end;
    从所述第一端到所述第二端，所述内芯棒的碱金属浓度递减，所述外芯层的碱金属浓度递增。From the first end to the second end, the alkali metal concentration of the inner core rod decreases, and the alkali metal concentration of the outer core layer increases.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光纤预制棒，其特征在于，所述包层包括包覆在所述芯棒外的内包层、以及包覆在所述内包层上的外包层。The optical fiber preform according to claim 1, wherein the cladding includes an inner cladding wrapped around the core rod, and an outer cladding wrapped around the inner cladding.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的光纤预制棒，其特征在于，所述碱金属选自钾。The optical fiber preform according to claim 1, wherein the alkali metal is selected from potassium.
  4. 一种光纤预制棒的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：A method for preparing an optical fiber preform includes the following steps:
    将内芯棒***到外芯管中形成芯棒；所述内芯棒为掺杂有碱金属的石英棒；所述内芯棒中的碱金属浓度从第一端到第二端递减；所述外芯管为掺杂有碱金属的石英管；所述外芯管中的碱金属浓度从第一端到第二端递增；所述内芯棒的第一端与所述外芯管的第一端位于同一端；Inserting the inner core rod into the outer core tube to form a core rod; the inner core rod is a quartz rod doped with alkali metal; the concentration of alkali metal in the inner core rod decreases from the first end to the second end; The outer core tube is a quartz tube doped with an alkali metal; the alkali metal concentration in the outer core tube increases from the first end to the second end; the first end of the inner core rod and the outer core tube The first end is on the same end;
    在所述芯棒外包覆包层，形成光纤预制棒。A cladding layer is coated on the core rod to form an optical fiber preform.
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的光纤预制棒的制备方法，其特征在于，所述内芯棒通过如下步骤制备：将碱金属掺杂到石英管的内壁，然后将所述石英管塌缩蚀刻成实心棒，再将所述实心棒去除外表层，形成内芯棒。The method for preparing an optical fiber preform according to claim 4, wherein the inner core rod is prepared by the following steps: doping an alkali metal into the inner wall of the quartz tube, and then collapsing and etching the quartz tube into a solid Rod, and then the outer surface layer of the solid rod is removed to form an inner core rod.
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的光纤预制棒的制备方法，其特征在于，所述外芯管通过如下步骤制备：将碱金属掺杂到石英管的内壁，然后将所述石英管塌缩蚀刻，形成外芯管。The method for preparing an optical fiber preform according to claim 4, wherein the outer core tube is prepared by doping an inner wall of a quartz tube with alkali metal, and then collapsing and etching the quartz tube to form Outer core tube.
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的光纤预制棒的制备方法，其特征在于，在包覆包层之前，还包括去除所述芯棒的外表层。The method for preparing an optical fiber preform according to claim 4, further comprising removing the outer surface layer of the core rod before covering the cladding.
  8. 一种光纤，其特征在于，所述光纤由权利要求1-3任一项所述的光纤预制棒拉丝而成。An optical fiber, characterized in that the optical fiber is drawn from the optical fiber preform according to any one of claims 1-3.
  9. 一种光纤的制备方法，其特征在于，将权利要求1-3任一项所述的光纤预制棒拉丝形成光纤。A method for preparing an optical fiber, characterized in that the optical fiber preform according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is drawn to form an optical fiber.
PCT/CN2019/077592 2018-11-14 2019-03-11 Optical fiber preform rod and preparation method thereof, and optical fiber and preparation method thereof WO2020098186A1 (en)

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