WO2020087963A1 - 一种医用导管及导引芯装置 - Google Patents

一种医用导管及导引芯装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020087963A1
WO2020087963A1 PCT/CN2019/094631 CN2019094631W WO2020087963A1 WO 2020087963 A1 WO2020087963 A1 WO 2020087963A1 CN 2019094631 W CN2019094631 W CN 2019094631W WO 2020087963 A1 WO2020087963 A1 WO 2020087963A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
catheter
catheter body
core device
guide core
medical
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PCT/CN2019/094631
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
薛迎风
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薛迎风
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Application filed by 薛迎风 filed Critical 薛迎风
Publication of WO2020087963A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020087963A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of medical supplies, in particular to a medical catheter and a guide core device.
  • the existing medical catheter is made with a small angle between the cross section of the catheter body and the cross section of the catheter.
  • puncturing into a blood vessel it can slide smoothly without damaging the wall of the blood vessel, and can also penetrate the blood vessel smoothly.
  • the cross-section of the catheter body cannot play a role of supporting the blood vessel wall, and it is very easy to be "attached" when the blood vessel bends and / or the venous tube wall collapses, and the blood vessel or catheter wall is blocked or not completely blocked.
  • the delivery channel may be blocked due to clogged blood vessels or catheters, preventing treatment. If hemodialysis treatment is in progress, the CRRT operation may be stopped due to a decrease in blood flow, which may hinder the treatment.
  • Single-lumen catheters, double-lumen catheters, and multi-lumen catheters all have the phenomenon of "adherence" to the collapse of blood vessel walls.
  • the existing double-lumen catheter also has the same problem during use.
  • the port of the cross-sectional shape of the catheter body will be stuck on the outside of the blood vessel wall or tear the blood vessel wall when the puncture inlet is punctured, causing massive bleeding.
  • the cross section of the catheter body is made as a slope with a small angle between the cross section of the catheter and the puncture When entering the blood vessel, it can slide smoothly without damaging the blood vessel wall, and can also penetrate the blood vessel smoothly.
  • the cross-section of the catheter body cannot play the role of supporting the blood vessel wall, and it is easy to be "attached” when the blood vessel bends and / or the venous tube wall collapses, and the blood vessel wall is blocked or incompletely blocked, causing blood flow The drop caused the CRRT operation to stop and prevent treatment.
  • Subcutaneous deep vein double-lumen catheter for hemodialysis is an ideal choice for dialysis (or CRRT) patients, and vascular access is an indispensable prerequisite for hemodialysis treatment.
  • the medical catheter of the present invention can not only be used to deliver blood, drugs or nutrients to the human body, the catheter can be provided for patients undergoing subcutaneous deep vein double-lumen catheters for hemodialysis, and can be provided for single-lumen catheters, double It is used by patients with lumen catheters, multi-lumen catheters, and other similar treatment techniques.
  • the invention provides a medical catheter and a guiding core device, which can simultaneously solve the problem that the catheter smoothly enters the blood vessel wall during puncture to avoid causing major bleeding, and can also prevent the catheter from collapsing at the bend of the blood vessel and / or the venous tube wall When the blood vessels "attach" phenomenon.
  • a technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a medical catheter including a first catheter body and a guide core device partially contained in the first catheter body for guiding the first catheter body into a blood vessel .
  • the guide core device includes a tube exterior, a transition connection portion and a tail portion connected in sequence, the tube exterior is exposed outside the first catheter body, and the transition connection portion is used for cooperative connection with the first catheter body.
  • the outer contour of the tube of the guide core device is streamlined.
  • the guiding core tube is provided with a transition guiding slope with a side view of the longitudinal axis profile of the bullet.
  • the width of the tail portion of the guide core device is smaller than the width of the transition portion, and the length of the outside of the tube along the cross-sectional direction of the first conduit body is 9-11 mm.
  • the guide core device further includes a hand-held portion for hand-holding, and the hand-held portion is connected to the tail portion.
  • the hand-held part is ring-shaped, cylindrical, circular or conical.
  • the guide core device and the first catheter body are detachably connected.
  • the guide core device and the first catheter body are detachably connected by medical glue.
  • the angle between the longitudinal section of the first conduit body and the cross section of the first conduit body along the extending direction of the guide core device is 45 degrees to 135 degrees.
  • the angle between the longitudinal section of the first conduit body and the cross section of the first conduit body along the extending direction of the guide core device is less than 90 degrees.
  • At least one of the catheter bodies has a cross-sectional diameter along the direction of extension of the guide core device that is smaller than a cross-sectional diameter of the catheter body along the direction opposite to the direction of extension of the guide core device.
  • the first duct body and / or the second duct body are provided with side holes, and the side holes serve as secondary inlets or secondary outlets. It is further preferred that the side hole diameter is 1.5 mm.
  • the medical catheter structure of the invention can greatly reduce the "sticking" rate of the catheter.
  • the cavity inlet provided by the guide core device is the main inlet
  • the side hole of the first catheter body is provided, and the side hole serves as the secondary inlet.
  • the curved surface of the blood vessel bends are all obtuse angles, and cannot be embedded in the space formed by the 85-degree angle of the entrance of the first catheter body
  • the top edge of the cross section of the main entrance of the first catheter body forms a sufficiently high level of support to ensure smooth blood flow at the entrance.
  • the medical catheter further includes a second catheter body, the cavity of the first catheter body and the second catheter body are independent of each other, the first catheter body and / or the second catheter body are provided with a guide core device, the first catheter body and / Or the second catheter body is provided with at least one side hole, the medical catheter further includes a three-way socket, a distal end portion of the first catheter body communicating with the first catheter body, and a distal end of the second catheter body communicating with the second catheter body
  • the three-way socket is connected to one end of the first catheter body and the second catheter body, the distal end of the first catheter body, the distal end of the second catheter body, and the distal end of the first catheter body
  • the distal end of the second catheter body is provided with a first stopper card and a second stopper card respectively, and the tee tube seat is also provided with a fixing device for fixing the medical catheter.
  • the cavity section of the first catheter body and / or the second catheter body is oval, semi-circular, sickle-shaped or square. Further preferably, the cavity section of the first catheter body and / or the second catheter body The pair is called an approximate elliptical symmetric bipartite.
  • the present invention discloses a guide core device.
  • the guide core device is used in a single-lumen, double-lumen or multi-lumen medical catheter.
  • the medical catheter includes a first catheter body, and the guide core device is partially housed
  • the first catheter body is used to guide the first catheter body into the blood vessel.
  • the guide core device includes a tube exterior, a transition connection portion and a tail portion connected in sequence, the tube exterior is exposed outside the first catheter body, and the transition connection portion is used for cooperating connection with the first catheter body.
  • the outer contour of the tube is streamlined.
  • the width of the tail portion is smaller than the width of the transition connection portion, and the length of the outside of the tube along the cross-sectional direction of the first conduit body is 9-11 mm.
  • the guide core device further includes a hand-held portion for hand-holding, and the hand-held portion is connected to the tail portion.
  • the guide core device and the first catheter body are detachably connected.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide a medical catheter and a guide core device that can solve the problem that the medical catheter in the prior art is not smooth during puncture or stuck on the outside of the blood vessel wall or teared without tearing the shell
  • the problem of massive hemorrhage caused by the wall of the blood vessel is more important to avoid the phenomenon that the blood vessel "sticks to the wall” when the blood vessel bends and / or the venous tube wall collapses.
  • the medical catheter and the guide core device provided by the embodiments of the present invention can puncture blood vessels smoothly, provide support for the blood vessel walls, and have a compact structure, and are easy to assemble and use.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a medical catheter of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a guide core device of an embodiment of a medical catheter shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first catheter body of the embodiment of the medical catheter shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of a medical catheter of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged schematic view of a medical catheter shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a medical catheter shown in FIG. 4 from a front view perspective;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a medical catheter shown in FIG. 4 from a top view angle
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a guide core device of an embodiment of a medical catheter shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a first catheter body and a second catheter body of the medical catheter embodiment shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a front view of a first catheter body and a second catheter body of the medical catheter embodiment shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a first view of a first catheter body and a second catheter body of the medical catheter embodiment shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a left-view perspective structure of a first catheter body and a second catheter body of the medical catheter embodiment shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a medical catheter in use according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a medical catheter of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a guiding core device of an embodiment of a medical catheter shown in FIG.
  • It is a schematic structural diagram of a first catheter body of an embodiment of a medical catheter shown in FIG. 1.
  • the embodiment of the invention protects a medical catheter, especially a single-lumen catheter.
  • the medical catheter can be used to deliver blood, drugs, or nutrients to the human body.
  • the catheter can be used by patients undergoing hemodialysis, as well as patients using other similar treatment technologies.
  • the material of the medical catheter can be polyurethane, medical rubber, preferably, it can also be all medical polymers and biological materials with anti-coagulation function.
  • the surface of the material can be sprayed with anti-coagulation film layer or medical nano-surface coating. After surface treatment, graft anticoagulant drugs.
  • the medical catheter of the embodiment of the present invention includes a first catheter body 2 and a guide core device 1 partially contained in the first catheter body 2 for guiding the first catheter body 2 into a blood vessel.
  • the first catheter body 2 is a hollow catheter used as a transmission channel for fluids such as drugs, blood, and nutrients.
  • the side that penetrates into the human body is the proximal end, and the opening at the proximal end is the main entrance or the main exit.
  • the first conduit body 2 is provided with a side hole 22, and the side hole 22 serves as a secondary inlet or a secondary outlet.
  • the cavity entrance provided by the guide core device 1 is the main entrance
  • the first catheter body 2 is provided with a side hole 22 on its side. second entrance.
  • the diameter of the side hole 22 is 1.5 mm.
  • the edge of the main inlet / outlet wall of the first conduit body 2 is provided with chamfers to avoid scratches.
  • the center point of the second inlet / outlet of the first conduit body is 3 mm away from the corresponding main inlet / outlet cross-section.
  • the side holes 22 may be provided in plural or symmetrically.
  • the provision of the side hole 22 increases the inlet and outlet of the first conduit body 2, which is beneficial to alleviate the inlet and outlet pressure of the fluid body, to a certain extent, alleviate the phenomenon of “adhering to the wall”, and alleviate the effect of the inlet and outlet clogging caused by the phenomenon of “attaching the wall”.
  • the medical catheter is placed horizontally, and the first catheter body 2 is in a horizontally upright state.
  • the longitudinal section of the first catheter body 2 is a section formed along the opening of the proximal end of the first catheter body 2.
  • the center point of the cross section is located on the center line of the first duct body 2, and the cross section of the first duct body 2 is the horizontal cross section of the first duct body 2.
  • the angle between the longitudinal section of the first conduit body 2 and the cross section of the first conduit body 2 along the extending direction of the guide core device 1 is 45 degrees to 135 degrees.
  • the angle between the longitudinal section of the first conduit body 2 and the cross section of the first conduit body 2 along the extending direction of the guide core device 1 is less than 90 degrees.
  • single-lumen catheters For the delivery of blood, drugs or nutrients to the human body, single-lumen catheters, double-lumen catheters, and multi-lumen catheters can be used, but no matter which catheter is used, a smooth vascular access is essential.
  • a subcutaneous deep vein double-lumen catheter for hemodialysis is an ideal choice for dialysis patients, and smooth blood vessel access is an indispensable prerequisite for hemodialysis treatment.
  • the medical catheter structure of the present invention can greatly reduce the "attachment" rate of the catheter and increase the probability of vascular access patency.
  • the main reason is that the longitudinal section of the first catheter body 2 and the cross section of the first catheter body 2 are along the guide core device 1
  • the angle setting in the extension direction provides the support of the blood vessel.
  • the angle between the longitudinal section of the first catheter body 2 and the cross section of the first catheter body 2 along the extending direction of the guide core device 1 is set to 85 degrees.
  • the longitudinal section of the first catheter body 2 that is, the plane where the main entrance cross-section of the first catheter body 2 lies, forms 85 degrees with the first catheter body 2 along the extending direction of the guide core device 1, and the collapse of the blood vessel wall cannot form an acute angle Folds, curved surfaces of blood vessel bends are all obtuse angles, can not be embedded in the space formed by the 85-degree angle of the entrance of the first catheter body 2, on the other hand, the top edge of the main entrance cross-section of the first catheter body 2 forms Sufficient support to ensure smooth blood flow at the entrance.
  • the cross section of the cavity of the first catheter body 2 is circular, oval, semicircular, sickle-shaped or square.
  • the end of the first catheter body 2 away from the human body may be provided with a flow stopper, a fixing device, etc., which will not be repeated here.
  • the guide core device 1 of this embodiment includes a tube exterior 11, a transition connection portion 12 and a tail portion 13 connected in sequence, the tube exterior 11 is exposed outside the first catheter body 2, and the transition connection portion 12 is used to cooperate with the first catheter body 2 connection.
  • the transitional connection portion 12 is a portion where the guide core device 1 and the first catheter body 2 are relatively fixed and cooperatively connected, and the tail portion 13 is the end of the guide core device 1.
  • the outer contour of the outer portion 11 of the tube is streamlined so that it can be inserted into the blood vessel more smoothly.
  • a streamlined shape is an external shape of the outer portion 11 of the tube, usually presenting a smooth and regular surface without large undulations and sharp edges.
  • the streamlined surface ensures that the outer portion 11 of the tube is subjected to less resistance.
  • the shape of the "bullet” the outer core 11 of the guiding core tube has a transition guiding slope of the side view of the longitudinal axis of the bullet.
  • the entrance cross section of the blood collection hole is covered by the "bullet” and smoothly enters the blood vessel. Damage to the blood vessel wall.
  • the outer contour of the outer portion 11 of the tube may also be an external shape other than a streamline shape, such as a wedge shape, a trapezoid, a triangle, or a circle, which can also cover the smooth insertion of the main outlet 21 of the first catheter body 2 into the blood vessel.
  • the guide core device 1 and the first catheter body 2 are detachably connected.
  • the tail portion 13 of the guide core device 1 can be pulled to remove the guide core device 1 so that the main entrance 21 of the first catheter body 2 is unobstructed.
  • the guide core device 1 is taken out by gently pulling it, which has a compact structure, simple operation, and convenient use.
  • connection method of the guide core device 1 and the first catheter body 2 may also be a connection method without disassembly.
  • the guide core device 1 may be provided with a hollow structure, and the guide core is left in the blood vessel without affecting the patency of the catheter body.
  • the medical catheter includes a first catheter body 2 and a guide core device 1 partially contained in the first catheter body 2 for guiding the first catheter body 2 to be inserted into a blood vessel.
  • the guide core device 1 is provided in a hollow structure and guides
  • the core pulling device 1 is composed of a tube exterior 11 and a transitional connection 12. At this time, the front end opening of the guide core is the entrance and exit of the medical catheter.
  • the guide core device 1 and the first catheter body 2 may be fitted with zero clearance. At this time, the guiding core device 1 is relatively in close contact with the catheter body. During the process of placing the blood vessel, the guiding core device 1 and the catheter body are relatively fixed in position, which is advantageous for placement. When the guide core device 1 is removed, the zero clearance of the guide core device 1 and the catheter body can be removed smoothly.
  • the guide core device 1 and the catheter body are connected by medical glue.
  • Medical adhesives are suitable for bonding skin, organs, nerves, muscles, blood vessels, and mucous membranes. They are also called soft tissue medical adhesives. They are mostly medical e-cyanoacrylate 6B series adhesives and fibrin bio-based adhesives.
  • the medical glue can be a biodegradable biomedical material.
  • the width of the tail portion 13 is smaller than the width of the transitional connection portion 12 to reduce the friction force when the guide core device 1 is taken out.
  • the length of the tube exterior 11 along the cross-sectional direction of the first catheter body 2 is 9-11 mm.
  • the guide core device 1 further includes a hand-held portion 14 for hand-holding, and the hand-held portion 14 is connected to the tail portion 13.
  • the hand-held portion 14 is ring-shaped, cylindrical 141, circular 142 or conical.
  • the hand-held portion 14 facilitates the operator to easily drag the tail portion 13 of the guide core device 1 and pull out the guide core device 1.
  • the present invention provides a medical catheter and guide core device 1 that can allow a medical catheter to smoothly penetrate a blood vessel, reduce the risk of the medical catheter being stuck on the outside of the blood vessel wall or tearing the blood vessel wall to cause major bleeding, and can also be used at the bend of the blood vessel And / or the venous wall and other places that are prone to "sticking to the wall” play a supporting role, reducing the risk of blood vessel blockage caused by the collapse of the blood vessel wall.
  • Medical catheters can not only be used to deliver blood, drugs or nutrients to the human body, the catheter can be used for patients undergoing subcutaneous deep vein double-lumen catheters for hemodialysis, single-lumen catheters, double-lumen catheters, multi-lumen Patient use of catheters, as well as patient use in other similar treatment techniques.
  • the medical catheter and the guide core device 1 provided by the embodiments of the present invention can puncture blood vessels smoothly, provide support for the blood vessel walls, and have a compact structure, and are easy to assemble and use.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the medical catheter of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged schematic structural view of the medical catheter shown in FIG. 4
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a medical catheter from a front view perspective
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a medical catheter from a top view perspective shown in FIG. 4
  • FIG. 8 is a guide of an embodiment of a medical catheter shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first catheter body and the second catheter body of a medical catheter embodiment shown in FIG. 4
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a top view perspective structure of a first catheter body and a second catheter body of an embodiment of a medical catheter shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 12 is a view of FIG. 4 A schematic view of a left-view perspective structure of a first catheter body and a second catheter body of a medical catheter embodiment shown;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a medical catheter in use according to the present invention.
  • the medical catheter of the embodiment of the present invention takes a double-lumen catheter as an example.
  • the medical catheter can be used to deliver blood, drugs or nutrients to the human body.
  • the catheter can be used by patients undergoing hemodialysis and other similar treatment technology usage scenarios. Used by patients.
  • the medical catheter of the embodiment of the present invention includes a first catheter body 42 and a guide core device 41 partially contained in the first catheter body 42 for guiding the first catheter body 42 into a blood vessel.
  • the lengths of the first catheter body 42 and the second catheter body 43 in this embodiment are different.
  • the medical catheter further includes a second catheter body 43, the cavity of the first catheter body 42 and the second catheter body 43 are independent of each other, and the first catheter body 42 is provided with a guide core device 41.
  • Both the first catheter body 42 and the second catheter body 43 can be provided with a guide core device 41, and the first and second are merely abbreviations.
  • the first catheter body 42 and the second catheter body 43 are hollow catheters, and serve as transmission channels for fluids such as drugs, blood, and nutrients.
  • the side where the first catheter body 42 and the second catheter body 43 penetrate into the human body is the proximal end, and the openings at the proximal ends of the first catheter body 42 and the second catheter body 43 are the main inlet or the main outlet.
  • the first duct body 42 and / or the second duct body 43 are provided with side holes.
  • the side hole serves as a secondary inlet or secondary outlet.
  • the side hole diameter is 1.5 mm.
  • the edge of the main inlet / outlet pipe wall of the first conduit body 42 is provided with chamfers to avoid scratches.
  • the center point of the first inlet / outlet of the first conduit body 42 is 3 mm away from the corresponding main inlet / outlet cross-section.
  • the diameter of the main entrance and exit of the second conduit body 43 is 2.5 mm, and the diameter of the main entrance and exit of the first conduit body 42 is 3.0 mm.
  • the side holes may be provided in plural or symmetrically. The provision of the side hole increases the entrance and exit of the first conduit body 42, which is beneficial to alleviate the pressure of the entrance and exit of the fluid body, to a certain extent, alleviate the phenomenon of “attachment” and the impact of the entrance and exit blockage caused by the “attachment” phenomenon.
  • the embodiment of the present invention is that the double-lumen catheter can be used as a subcutaneous deep vein double-lumen catheter for hemodialysis treatment.
  • the present invention takes a deep-venous double-lumen catheter for blood purification as an example.
  • the first catheter body 42 is a blood collection tube
  • the main entrance of the first catheter body 42 is the main entrance of the blood collection tube
  • the side hole of the first catheter body 42 is the secondary entrance of the blood collection tube
  • the second catheter body 43 is a blood transfusion tube
  • the main outlet of the second catheter body 43 is a main transfusion tube outlet
  • the side hole of the second catheter body 43 is a secondary transfusion tube outlet.
  • One of the design schemes is that the side-hole transfusion hole of the second catheter body 43 is not less than 38 mm from the main entrance of the first catheter body 42.
  • the side-hole transfusion hole of the second catheter body 43 is not less than 60 mm from the main entrance of the first catheter body 42.
  • each side wall of the main inlet of the first blood collection chamber of the first catheter body 42 has a side hole as an auxiliary inlet for blood collection, a diameter of 1.5 mm, and the center point is linearly spaced from the cross section of the main blood collection inlet by 3 mm.
  • the diameter of the bleeding hole of the second catheter body 43 is 2.5 mm, and the diameter of the main entrance of the blood collection hole of the first catheter body 42 is 3.0 mm.
  • the cavity section of the first catheter body 42 and / or the second catheter body 43 is circular, elliptical, semicircular, sickle-shaped or square, and further preferably, the first catheter body 42 and / or the second The pair of cavity sections of the catheter body 43 is called an approximately elliptical symmetric bipartite.
  • the lower surface of the outer tube 411 of the guiding core device 41 of the blood collection cavity of the first catheter body 42 and the upper surface of the tube wall of the second catheter body 43 are adhered with a medical absorbable adhesive and can be exerted by the surgeon Pull and drag to separate.
  • the medical catheter is placed horizontally, and the first catheter body 42 is placed horizontally.
  • the longitudinal section of the first catheter body 42 is the section formed by the opening at the proximal end of the first catheter body 42.
  • the center point is located on the center line of the first duct body 42, and the cross section of the first duct body 42 is the horizontal cross section of the first duct body 42.
  • the angle 44 between the longitudinal section of the first conduit body 42 and the cross section of the first conduit body 42 along the extending direction of the guide core device 41 is 45 degrees to 135 degrees.
  • the angle 44 between the longitudinal section of the first duct body 42 and the cross section of the first duct body 42 along the extending direction of the guide core device 41 is less than 90 degrees.
  • single-lumen catheters For the delivery of blood, drugs or nutrients to the human body, single-lumen catheters, double-lumen catheters, and multi-lumen catheters can be used, but no matter which catheter is used, a smooth vascular access is essential.
  • a smooth vascular access is essential.
  • subcutaneous deep vein double-lumen catheter for hemodialysis is an ideal choice for dialysis patients, and smooth vascular access is an indispensable prerequisite for hemodialysis treatment.
  • the medical catheter structure of the present invention can greatly reduce the "attachment" rate of the catheter and increase the probability of vascular access patency.
  • the main reason is that the longitudinal section of the first catheter body 42 and the cross section of the first catheter body 42 are along the guide core device
  • the angle 44 of the extension direction 41 is set to provide the support function of the blood vessel.
  • the angle 44 between the longitudinal section of the first duct body 42 and the cross section of the first duct body 42 along the extending direction of the guide core device 41 is set to 85 degrees.
  • the longitudinal section of the first catheter body 42 that is, the plane where the main entrance cross-section of the first catheter body 42 lies, forms 85 degrees with the first catheter body 42 along the extending direction of the guide core device 41, and the collapse of the blood vessel wall cannot form an acute angle Folds, curved surfaces of blood vessel bends are obtuse angles, can not be embedded in the space formed by the angle 44 of 85 degrees where the entrance of the first catheter body 42 is formed, on the other hand, the top edge of the cross section of the main entrance of the first catheter body 42 is formed A sufficient height of support is provided to ensure smooth blood flow at the entrance.
  • the guide core device 41 of this embodiment includes a tube outer portion 411, a transition connection portion 412 and a tail portion 413 connected in sequence, the tube outer portion 411 is exposed outside the first catheter body 42, and the transition connection portion 412 is used to cooperate with the first catheter body 42 connection.
  • the transitional connection portion 412 is a portion where the guide core device 41 and the first catheter body 42 are relatively fixed and cooperatively connected, and the tail portion 413 is the end of the guide core device 41.
  • the outer contour of the outer portion 411 of the tube is streamlined so that it can be inserted into the blood vessel more smoothly.
  • the streamlined shape is an external shape of the outer portion 411 of the tube, which usually appears as a smooth and regular surface without large undulations and sharp edges.
  • the streamlined surface ensures that the outside of the tube 411 is subjected to less resistance.
  • the shape of the "bullet” the outer core 411 of the guiding core tube has a transition guiding slope of the side view of the longitudinal axis of the bullet.
  • the entrance cross section of the blood collection hole is covered by the "bullet” and smoothly enters the blood vessel. Damage to the blood vessel wall.
  • the outer contour of the outer portion 411 of the tube may also be an external shape other than a streamline shape, such as a wedge shape, a trapezoid shape, a triangular shape, and a circular shape, which can also cover the smooth insertion of the first catheter body 42 into the blood vessel.
  • the guide core device 41 and the first catheter body 42 are detachably connected.
  • the tail 413 of the guide core device 41 can be pulled to remove the guide core device 41 so that the first catheter body 42 has a smooth entrance and exit.
  • the guide core device 41 is taken out with a slight pull, which has a compact structure, simple operation, and convenient use.
  • connection method between the guide core device 41 and the first catheter body 42 may also be a connection method without disassembly.
  • the guide core device 41 may be provided with a hollow structure, and the guide core is left in the blood vessel without affecting the patency of the catheter body.
  • the medical catheter includes a first catheter body 42 and a guiding core device 41 partially contained in the first catheter body 42 for guiding the first catheter body 42 into the blood vessel.
  • the guiding core device 41 is provided in a hollow structure, guiding
  • the core pulling device 41 is composed of a tube exterior 411 and a transitional connection portion 412. At this time, the front end opening of the guide core is the entrance and exit of the medical catheter.
  • the guide core device 41 and the first catheter body 42 may have a zero clearance fit. At this time, the guiding core device 41 is relatively in close contact with the catheter body. During the process of placing the blood vessel, the guiding core device 41 and the catheter body are relatively fixed in position, which is advantageous for placement. When the guide core device 41 is removed, the zero clearance of the guide core device 41 and the catheter body can be removed smoothly.
  • the guide core device 41 and the catheter body are connected by medical glue.
  • Medical adhesives are suitable for bonding skin, organs, nerves, muscles, blood vessels, and mucous membranes. They are also called soft tissue medical adhesives. They are mostly medical e-cyanoacrylate 6B series adhesives and fibrin bio-based adhesives.
  • the medical glue can be a biodegradable biomedical material.
  • the width of the tail portion 413 is smaller than the width of the transition portion 412 to reduce the friction force when the guide core device 41 is taken out.
  • the length of the tube outer portion 411 in the cross-sectional direction of the first catheter body 42 is 9-11 mm.
  • the guide core device 41 further includes a hand-held portion 414 for hand-holding, and the hand-held portion 414 is connected to the tail portion 413.
  • the hand-held portion 414 is annular, cylindrical 4141, circular 4142 or tapered.
  • the hand-held portion 414 facilitates the operator to drag the tail portion 413 of the guide core device 41 conveniently and pull out the guide core device 41.
  • the medical catheter further includes a three-way socket 45, a distal portion 46 of the first catheter body 42 communicating with the first catheter body 42, and a distal portion 47 of the second catheter body 43 communicating with the second catheter body 43.
  • the through-tube seat 45 is respectively connected to one end of the first catheter body 42 and the second catheter body 43 far away from the tube exterior 411, the distal end portion 46 of the first catheter body 42 and the distal end portion 47 of the second catheter body 43, the first The distal end portion 46 of the catheter body 42 and the distal end portion 47 of the second catheter body 43 are provided with a first stopper 48 and a second stopper 49 respectively, and the three-way socket 45 is also provided with a fixing device for fixing a medical catheter.
  • the present invention also provides a guide core device.
  • a guide core device For the specific structure of the guide core device, refer to the description of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, and details are not described herein again.
  • the present invention provides a medical catheter and guide core device 41 that can allow a medical catheter to smoothly penetrate a blood vessel without tearing the shell, reducing the medical catheter from being stuck on the outside of the blood vessel wall or tearing the blood vessel wall
  • the risk of causing major bleeding can also play a supporting role in places where blood vessels bend and / or venous tube walls are prone to "adherence", reducing the risk of blood vessel blockage caused by the collapse of the blood vessel wall.
  • Medical catheters can not only be used to deliver blood, drugs or nutrients to the human body, the catheter can be used for patients undergoing subcutaneous deep vein double-lumen catheters for hemodialysis, single-lumen catheters, double-lumen catheters, multi-lumen Patient use of catheters, as well as patient use in other similar treatment techniques.
  • the medical catheter and guide core device 41 provided in the embodiments of the present invention can smoothly puncture blood vessels, provide support to the blood vessel walls, and have a compact structure, and are easy to assemble and use.

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Abstract

一种医用导管以及用于医用导管的导引芯装置(1)，医用导管包括第一导管体(2)和部分容置于第一导管体(2)内用于引导第一导管体(2)***血管的导引芯装置(1)。医用导管及导引芯装置(1)能够让医用导管滑畅地穿刺入血管，降低了医用导管卡在血管壁外侧或撕裂血管壁造成大出血的风险，还可以在血管拐弯处和/或静脉管壁等易出现"贴壁"现象的地方起到支撑作用，降低了血管塌壁带来的血管堵塞风险。

Description

一种医用导管及导引芯装置 【技术领域】
本发明涉及医疗用品技术领域，特别是涉及一种医用导管及导引芯装置。
【背景技术】
现有的医用导管为了避免在穿刺入口处时卡在血管壁外侧或撕裂血管壁造成大出血，将导管体的横截面制作为与导管横截面之间的夹角较小的斜面，以便于在穿刺入血管时能够滑畅、不损伤血管壁的同时也可以顺利刺入血管。但此时，导管体的横截面不能起到支撑血管壁的作用，极易在血管拐弯处和/或静脉管壁塌陷时被“贴壁”，发生血管或导管壁堵塞或不完全堵塞。如果在进行血液、药物或营养物质的输送的，可能会因血管或导管堵塞造成输送通道不畅通，妨碍治疗进行。如果在进行血液透析治疗的，可能会因血流量下降造成CRRT运行停机、阻碍治疗进行。
单腔导管、双腔导管、多腔导管均存在血管壁塌陷“贴壁”现象。
比如，随着血液透析治疗的不断深入研究及临床实践发现，采用双腔导管进行治疗比单腔导管效果更好。
但现有的双腔导管在使用过程中也存在同样的问题。一方面，双腔导管在血管穿刺时，导管体的横截面外形的端口，会在穿刺入口处时卡在血管壁外侧或撕裂血管壁造成大出血。另一方面，为了避免在穿刺入口处时卡在血管壁外侧或撕裂血管壁造成大出血，将导管体的横截面制作为与导管横截面之间的夹角较小的斜面，以便于在穿刺入血管时能够滑畅、不损伤血管壁的同时也可以顺利刺入血管。但此时，导管体的横截面不能起到支撑血管壁的作用，极易在血管拐弯处和/或静脉管壁塌陷时被“贴壁”，发生血管壁堵塞或不完全堵塞，造成血流量下降造成CRRT运行停机、阻碍治疗进行。
经皮下深静脉双腔导管进行血液透析是透析(或CRRT)患者较理想的选择，血管通路是进行血液透析治疗必不可少的前提条件。
因此需要一种可以同时既能解决在穿刺时滑畅进入血管壁避免造成大出血的问题，又能使该导管避免在血管拐弯处和/或静脉管壁塌陷时出现血管“贴壁”现象的导管。
当然，本发明的医用导管不仅可以可用于对人体内进行血液、药物或者营养物质的输送，导管可提供给进行皮下深静脉双腔导管进行血液透析的患者使用，提供给使用单腔导管、双腔导管、多腔导管的患者使用，以及其他类似治疗技术的使用场景患者使用。
【发明内容】
本发明提供一种医用导管及导引芯装置，可以同时既能解决导管在穿刺时滑畅进入血管壁避免造成大出血的问题，又能使该导管避免在血管拐弯处和/或静脉管壁塌陷时出现血管“贴壁”现象。
为了解决上述问题，本发明采用的一种技术方案是：一种医用导管，医用导管包括第一导管体和部分容置于第一导管体内用于引导第一导管体***血管的导引芯装置。
其中，导引芯装置包括依次连接的管外部、过渡连接部和尾部，管外部露出于第一导管体外，过渡连接部用于与第一导管体配合连接。
优选的，导引芯装置管外部的外轮廓为流线型。导引芯管外部具有子弹头纵轴剖面物侧视形态的过渡导引斜面，穿刺时，采血孔主入口横截面被“子弹头”掩护而平顺进入血管内、不损伤血管壁。
优选的，导引芯装置尾部的宽度小于过渡连接部的宽度，管外部沿第一导管体横截面方向的长度为9-11mm。
优选的，导引芯装置还包括用于手持的手持部，手持部与尾部连接。
优选的，手持部的为环状、柱形、圆形或锥形。
其中，导引芯装置与第一导管体为可拆卸连接。
优选的，导引芯装置与第一导管体通过医用胶实现可拆卸连接。优选的， 导引芯装置的过渡连接部之间为零间隙配合。
其中，优选的，第一导管体的纵截面与第一导管体的横截面沿导引芯装置延伸方向的夹角为45度到135度。
进一步优选的，第一导管体的纵截面与第一导管体的横截面沿导引芯装置延伸方向的夹角小于90度。
优选的，至少有一处的导管体沿导引芯装置延伸方向截面直径小于导管体的沿导引芯装置延伸方向反方向导管体截面直径。
优选的，第一导管体和/或第二导管体设有侧孔，侧孔作为次入口或次出口。进一步优选的，侧孔直径为1.5mm。
本发明医用导管结构能大幅度降低导管的“贴壁”率。例如，医用导管的第一导管体作为入液管时，导引芯装置所设置的空腔入口即为主入口，第一导管体侧面设置有侧孔，则侧孔作为次入口。若第一导管体的纵截面与第一导管体的横截面沿导引芯装置延伸方向的夹角为85度时，即当第一导管体主入口横断面所在的平面与第一导管体沿导引芯装置延伸方向形成85度时，而血管壁塌陷不能形成锐角形的皱褶，血管拐弯处弧形表面均为钝角，不能嵌入第一导管体的入口所在的85度夹角形成的空间，另一方面，第一导管体主入口横断面顶部边缘形成了足够高度的支撑，从而保障了入口处的血流通畅。
优选的，医用导管还包括第二导管体，第一导管体与第二导管体的腔体相互独立，第一导管体和/或第二导管体设有导引芯装置，第一导管体和/或第二导管体设有至少一个侧孔，医用导管还包括三通管座、与第一导管体连通的第一导管体远端部和与第二导管体连通的第二导管体远端部，三通管座分别与远离管外部的第一导管体与第二导管体的一端连接、第一导管体远端部连接、第二导管体远端部连接，第一导管体远端部和第二导管体远端部分别设置有第一止流卡和第二止流卡，三通管座还设置有用于固定医用导管的固定装置。
优选的，第一导管体和/或第二导管体的腔体截面为椭圆形、半圆形、镰刀型或方形，进一步优选的，第一导管体和/或第二导管体的腔体截面对称为近似 椭圆形对称二分体。
为了解决上述问题，本发明公开了一种导引芯装置，导引芯装置用于单腔、双腔或多腔医用导管内，医用导管包括第一导管体，导引芯装置部分容置于第一导管体内用于引导第一导管体***血管。
优选的，导引芯装置包括依次连接的管外部、过渡连接部和尾部，管外部露出于第一导管体外，过渡连接部用于与第一导管体配合连接。
优选的，管外部的外轮廓为流线型。
优选的，尾部的宽度小于过渡连接部的宽度，管外部沿第一导管体横截面方向的长度为9-11mm。
优选的，导引芯装置还包括用于手持的手持部，手持部与尾部连接。
优选的，导引芯装置与第一导管体为可拆卸连接。
综上，本发明实施例提供了一种医用导管及导引芯装置能够解决现有技术中的医用导管在穿刺时不滑畅或在不用撕脱壳的情况下卡在血管壁外侧或撕裂血管壁造成大出血的问题，更重要的是可以避免在血管拐弯处和/或静脉管壁塌陷时出现血管“贴壁”现象。本发明实施例提供的一种医用导管及导引芯装置能够顺滑的穿刺血管，给血管壁提供支撑作用，且结构紧凑、装配及使用便利。
为了让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能够明显易懂，下文特举实施例配合附图，作详细说明如下。
【附图说明】
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图，其中：
图1是本发明一种医用导管实施例的结构示意图；
图2是图1所示的一种医用导管实施例的导引芯装置的结构示意图；
图3是图1所示的一种医用导管实施例的第一导管体的结构示意图；
图4是本发明另一种医用导管实施例的结构示意图；
图5是图4所示的一种医用导管的局部放大结构示意图；
图6是图4所示的一种医用导管的主视图视角的结构示意图；
图7是图4所示的一种医用导管的俯视图视角的结构示意图；
图8是图4所示的一种医用导管实施例的导引芯装置的结构示意图；
图9是图4所示的一种医用导管实施例的第一导管体和第二导管体的结构示意图；
图10是图4所示的一种医用导管实施例的第一导管体和第二导管体的主视图视角结构示意图；
图11是图4所示的一种医用导管实施例的第一导管体和第二导管体的俯视图视角结构示意图；
图12是图4所示的一种医用导管实施例的第一导管体和第二导管体的左视图视角结构示意图；
图13是本发明一种医用导管的使用状态实施例的结构示意图。
【具体实施方式】
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，均属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一
请结合图1-3一并参考，图1是本发明一种医用导管实施例的结构示意图；图2是图1所示的一种医用导管实施例的导引芯装置的结构示意图；图3是图1所示的一种医用导管实施例的第一导管体的结构示意图。
本发明实施例保护一种医用导管，特别为一种单腔导管。该医用导管可用于对人体内进行血液、药物或者营养物质的输送，导管可提供给进行血液透析 的患者使用，以及其他类似治疗技术的使用场景患者使用。该医用导管的材料可以为聚氨酯、医用橡胶，优选地，还可为具备所有具备抗凝血功能的医用高分子及生物材料，上述材料表面可喷涂抗凝膜层或医用纳米表面涂层，经过表面处理后接枝抗凝血药物。
本发明实施例的医用导管包括第一导管体2和部分容置于第一导管体2内用于引导第一导管体2***血管的导引芯装置1。
第一导管体2为中空的导管，作为药物、血液、营养物质等流质体的传输通道。穿刺入人体的一侧为近端，近端的开口为主入口或主出口。
优选的，第一导管体2上设有侧孔22，侧孔22作为次入口或次出口。例如，医用导管的第一导管体2作为入液管时，导引芯装置1所设置的空腔入口即为主入口，第一导管体2侧面设置有侧孔22，则侧孔22称为次入口。进一步优选的，侧孔22直径为1.5毫米。第一导管体2的主入/出口管壁边缘设置有倒棱，避免划伤。优选的，第一导管体2次入/出口其中心点距离对应的主入/出口横断面距离3毫米。侧孔22可以设置为设置多个、也可以对称设置。设置侧孔22增加了第一导管体2的出入口，有利于缓解流质体的出入口压力，在一定程度上缓解“贴壁”现象，缓解“贴壁”现象带来的出入口堵塞影响。
医用导管水平放置，第一导管体2处于水平正放状态，第一导管体2的纵截面即为沿第一导管体2近端的开口形成的截面，俯视时，第一导管体2的纵截面的中心点位于第一导管体2中心线上，第一导管体2的横截面即为第一导管体2的水平横截面。
优选的，第一导管体2的纵截面与第一导管体2的横截面沿导引芯装置1延伸方向的夹角为45度到135度。
优选的，第一导管体2的纵截面与第一导管体2的横截面沿导引芯装置1延伸方向的夹角小于90度。
对人体内进行血液、药物或者营养物质的输送，可以使用单腔导管、双腔导管、多腔导管，但是不论采用哪种导管，通畅的血管通路必不可少。如经皮 下深静脉双腔导管进行血液透析是透析患者较理想的选择，通畅的血管通路是进行血液透析治疗必不可少的前提条件。
本发明医用导管结构能大幅度降低导管的“贴壁”率，提高了血管通路的通畅概率的主要原因在于第一导管体2的纵截面与第一导管体2的横截面沿导引芯装置1延伸方向的夹角设置，提供了血管的支撑作用。
例如，第一导管体2的纵截面与第一导管体2的横截面沿导引芯装置1延伸方向的夹角设置为85度。一方面，第一导管体2的纵截面即第一导管体2主入口横断面所在的平面与第一导管体2沿导引芯装置1延伸方向形成85度，而血管壁塌陷不能形成锐角形的皱褶，血管拐弯处弧形表面均为钝角，不能嵌入第一导管体2的入口所在的85度夹角形成的空间，另一方面，第一导管体2主入口横断面顶部边缘形成了足够高度的支撑，从而保障了入口处的血流通畅。
优选的，第一导管体2腔体截面为圆形、椭圆形、半圆形、镰刀型或方形。第一导管体2远离人体的一端可以设置止流夹、固定装置等，此处不再赘述。
本实施例的导引芯装置1包括依次连接的管外部11、过渡连接部12和尾部13，管外部11露出于第一导管体2外，过渡连接部12用于与第一导管体2配合连接。过渡连接部12为导引芯装置1与第一导管体2相对固定、配合连接的部分，尾部13为导引芯装置1末端。
管外部11的外轮廓为流线型，以便于能够更流畅的***血管。流线型是管外部11的一种外部形状，通常表现为平滑而规则的表面，没有大的起伏和尖锐的棱角。流线型表面保证了管外部11受到较小的阻力。例如“子弹头”外形，导引芯管外部11具有子弹头纵轴剖面物侧视形态的过渡导引斜面，穿刺时，采血孔入口横断面被“子弹头”掩护而平顺进入血管内、不损伤血管壁。管外部11的外轮廓也可以为流线型之外的外部形状，如楔形、梯形、三角形、圆形，也能掩护第一导管体2主出入口21顺畅的***血管。
优选的，导引芯装置1与第一导管体2为可拆卸连接。导引芯装置1与第一导管体2配合置入血管后，可拖拽导引芯装置1的尾部13以拔除导引芯装置 1，以便第一导管体2主出入口21通畅。将第一导管体2置入后，通过轻轻一拔即取出了导引芯装置1，结构紧凑、操作简便，使用方便。
当然，导引芯装置1与第一导管体2的连接方式也可以为不拆卸连接方式。此时，导引芯装置1可以设置为中空结构，在不影响导管体通畅的条件下将导引芯留置在血管内。此时，医用导管包括第一导管体2和部分容置于第一导管体2内用于引导第一导管体2***血管的导引芯装置1，导引芯装置1设置为中空结构，导引芯装置1由管外部11、过渡连接部12构成。此时，导引芯的前端开口即为医用导管的出入口。
导引芯装置1与第一导管体2可以为零间隙配合。此时，导引芯装置1与导管体相对紧密接触，在置入血管过程中，导引芯装置1与导管***置相对固定，有利于置入。在拔除导引芯装置1时，导引芯装置1与导管体零间隙配合能顺利的拔除。
优选的，导引芯装置1与导管体通过医用胶连接。医用胶为适合于胶接皮肤、脏器、神经、肌肉、血管、粘膜的胶融剂，也叫做软组织医用胶，大多为医用e氰基丙烯酸6B系胶和纤维蛋白生物型胶。医用胶可为可降解的生物医用材料。
优选的，尾部13的宽度小于过渡连接部12的宽度，以减少取出导引芯装置1时的摩擦力。管外部11沿第一导管体2横截面方向的长度为9-11mm。
优选的，导引芯装置1还包括用于手持的手持部14，手持部14与尾部13连接。
优选的，手持部14的为环状、柱形141、圆形142或锥形。手持部14有利于操作者方便的拖拽导引芯装置1的尾部13拔除导引芯装置1。
本发明提供了一种医用导管及导引芯装置1能够让医用导管滑畅地穿刺入血管，降低了医用导管卡在血管壁外侧或撕裂血管壁造成大出血的风险，还可以在血管拐弯处和/或静脉管壁等易出现“贴壁”现象的地方起到支撑作用，降低了血管塌壁带来的血管堵塞风险。医用导管不仅可以可用于对人体内进行血 液、药物或者营养物质的输送，导管可提供给进行皮下深静脉双腔导管进行血液透析的患者使用，提供给使用单腔导管、双腔导管、多腔导管的患者使用，以及其他类似治疗技术的使用场景患者使用。本发明实施例提供的一种医用导管及导引芯装置1能够顺滑的穿刺血管，给血管壁提供支撑作用，且结构紧凑、装配及使用便利。
实施例二
请结合图4-13一并参考，图4是本发明另一种医用导管实施例的结构示意图；图5是图4所示的一种医用导管的局部放大结构示意图；图6是图4所示的一种医用导管的主视图视角的结构示意图；图7是图4所示的一种医用导管的俯视图视角的结构示意图；图8是图4所示的一种医用导管实施例的导引芯装置的结构示意图；图9是图4所示的一种医用导管实施例的第一导管体和第二导管体的结构示意图；图10是图4所示的一种医用导管实施例的第一导管体和第二导管体的主视图视角结构示意图；图11是图4所示的一种医用导管实施例的第一导管体和第二导管体的俯视图视角结构示意图；图12是图4所示的一种医用导管实施例的第一导管体和第二导管体的左视图视角结构示意图；图13是本发明一种医用导管的使用状态实施例的结构示意图。
本发明实施例医用导管以双腔导管为例，该医用导管可用于对人体内进行血液、药物或者营养物质的输送，导管可提供给进行血液透析的患者使用，以及其他类似治疗技术的使用场景患者使用。
本发明实施例的医用导管包括第一导管体42和部分容置于第一导管体42内用于引导第一导管体42***血管的导引芯装置41。
见图4，本实施例的第一导管体42与第二导管体43长度不一，此处我们指定相对短的导管为第一导管体42，相对长的导管为第二导管，此处指定仅是为了解释技术方案，不应做为限定本发明技术方案的指定。
优选的，医用导管还包括第二导管体43，第一导管体42与第二导管体43的腔体相互独立，第一导管体42设有导引芯装置41。第一导管体42和第二导 管体43内均可设置导引芯装置41，第一第二仅是代称。
第一导管体42、第二导管体43为中空的导管，作为药物、血液、营养物质等流质体的传输通道。第一导管体42、第二导管体43穿刺入人体的一侧为近端，第一导管体42、第二导管体43近端的开口为主入口或主出口。
优选的，第一导管体42和/或第二导管体43设有侧孔。侧孔作为次入口或次出口。例如，医用导管的第一导管体42作为入液管时，导引芯装置41所设置的空腔入口即为主入口，第一导管体42侧面设置有侧孔，则侧孔称为次入口。进一步优选的，侧孔直径为1.5毫米。第一导管体42的主入/出口管壁边缘设置有倒棱，避免划伤。优选的，第一导管体42次入/出口其中心点距离对应的主入/出口横断面距离3毫米。第二导管体43主出入口直径为2.5mm，第一导管体42主出入口直径为3.0mm。侧孔可以设置为设置多个、也可以对称设置。设置侧孔增加了第一导管体42的出入口，有利于缓解流质体的出入口压力，在一定程度上缓解“贴壁”现象，缓解“贴壁”现象带来的出入口堵塞影响。
优选的，本发明实施例为双腔导管可作为皮下深静脉双腔导管，用于血液透析治疗。本发明以血液净化用深静脉双腔导管举例，对应地，第一导管体42为采血管，第一导管体42主入口为采血管主入口，第一导管体42侧孔为采血管次入口，第二导管体43为输血管，第二导管体43主出口为输血管主出口，第二导管体43侧孔为输血管次出口。
其中一种设计方案是：第二导管体43侧孔输血孔距离第一导管体42主入口不小于38mm。
其中二种设计方案是：第二导管体43侧孔输血孔距离第一导管体42主入口不小于60mm。
优选的，第一导管体42采血腔体的主入口两侧管壁上，各有一个侧孔作为采血血液的副入口，直径1.5毫米，其中心点距离采血主入口横断面直线距离3毫米。第二导管体43出血孔孔径为2.5mm，第一导管体42采血孔主入口孔径为3.0mm。
优选的，第一导管体42和/或第二导管体43的腔体截面为圆形、椭圆形、半圆形、镰刀型或方形，进一步优选的，第一导管体42和/或第二导管体43的腔体截面对称为近似椭圆形对称二分体。
优选的，第一导管体42采血腔体的导引芯装置41的管外部411下方表面与第二导管体43的管壁的上方表面用医用可吸收粘合剂粘合，并可由手术医师用力牵拉拖拽使之分离。
医用导管水平放置，第一导管体42处于水平放状态，第一导管体42的纵截面即为第一导管体42近端的开口形成的截面，俯视时，第一导管体42的纵截面的中心点位于第一导管体42中心线上，第一导管体42的横截面即为第一导管体42的水平横截面。
优选的，第一导管体42的纵截面与第一导管体42的横截面沿导引芯装置41延伸方向的夹角44为45度到135度。
优选的，第一导管体42的纵截面与第一导管体42的横截面沿导引芯装置41延伸方向的夹角44小于90度。
对人体内进行血液、药物或者营养物质的输送，可以使用单腔导管、双腔导管、多腔导管，但是不论采用哪种导管，通畅的血管通路必不可少。如经皮下深静脉双腔导管进行血液透析是透析患者较理想的选择，通畅的血管通路是进行血液透析治疗必不可少的前提条件。
本发明医用导管结构能大幅度降低导管的“贴壁”率，提高了血管通路的通畅概率的主要原因在于第一导管体42的纵截面与第一导管体42的横截面沿导引芯装置41延伸方向的夹角44设置，提供了血管的支撑作用。
例如，第一导管体42的纵截面与第一导管体42的横截面沿导引芯装置41延伸方向的夹角44设置为85度。一方面，第一导管体42的纵截面即第一导管体42主入口横断面所在的平面与第一导管体42沿导引芯装置41延伸方向形成85度，而血管壁塌陷不能形成锐角形的皱褶，血管拐弯处弧形表面均为钝角，不能嵌入第一导管体42的入口所在的85度夹角44形成的空间，另一方面，第 一导管体42主入口横断面顶部边缘形成了足够高度的支撑，从而保障了入口处的血流通畅。
本实施例的导引芯装置41包括依次连接的管外部411、过渡连接部412和尾部413，管外部411露出于第一导管体42外，过渡连接部412用于与第一导管体42配合连接。过渡连接部412为导引芯装置41与第一导管体42相对固定、配合连接的部分，尾部413为导引芯装置41末端。
管外部411的外轮廓为流线型，以便于能够更流畅的***血管。流线型是管外部411的一种外部形状，通常表现为平滑而规则的表面，没有大的起伏和尖锐的棱角。流线型表面保证了管外部411受到较小的阻力。例如“子弹头”外形，导引芯管外部411具有子弹头纵轴剖面物侧视形态的过渡导引斜面，穿刺时，采血孔入口横断面被“子弹头”掩护而平顺进入血管内、不损伤血管壁。管外部411的外轮廓也可以为流线型之外的外部形状，如楔形、梯形、三角形、圆形，也能掩护第一导管体42出入口顺畅的***血管。
优选的，导引芯装置41与第一导管体42为可拆卸连接。导引芯装置41与第一导管体42配合置入血管后，可拖拽导引芯装置41的尾部413以拔除导引芯装置41，以便第一导管体42出入口通畅。将第一导管体42置入后，通过轻轻一拔即取出了导引芯装置41，结构紧凑、操作简便，使用方便。
当然，导引芯装置41与第一导管体42的连接方式也可以为不拆卸连接方式。此时，导引芯装置41可以设置为中空结构，在不影响导管体通畅的条件下将导引芯留置在血管内。此时，医用导管包括第一导管体42和部分容置于第一导管体42内用于引导第一导管体42***血管的导引芯装置41，导引芯装置41设置为中空结构，导引芯装置41由管外部411、过渡连接部412构成。此时，导引芯的前端开口即为医用导管的出入口。
导引芯装置41与第一导管体42可以为零间隙配合。此时，导引芯装置41与导管体相对紧密接触，在置入血管过程中，导引芯装置41与导管***置相对固定，有利于置入。在拔除导引芯装置41时，导引芯装置41与导管体零间隙 配合能顺利的拔除。
优选的，导引芯装置41与导管体通过医用胶连接。医用胶为适合于胶接皮肤、脏器、神经、肌肉、血管、粘膜的胶融剂，也叫做软组织医用胶，大多为医用e氰基丙烯酸6B系胶和纤维蛋白生物型胶。医用胶可为可降解的生物医用材料。
优选的，尾部413的宽度小于过渡连接部412的宽度，以减少取出导引芯装置41时的摩擦力。管外部411沿第一导管体42横截面方向的长度为9-11mm。
优选的，导引芯装置41还包括用于手持的手持部414，手持部414与尾部413连接。
优选的，手持部414的为环状、柱形4141、圆形4142或锥形。手持部414有利于操作者方便的拖拽导引芯装置41的尾部413拔除导引芯装置41。
优选的，医用导管还包括三通管座45、与第一导管体42连通的第一导管体42远端部46和与第二导管体43连通的第二导管体43远端部47，三通管座45分别与远离管外部411的第一导管体42与第二导管体43的一端连接、第一导管体42远端部46连接、第二导管体43远端部47连接，第一导管体42远端部46和第二导管体43远端部47分别设置有第一止流卡48和第二止流卡49，三通管座45还设置有用于固定医用导管的固定装置。
此外，本发明还提供了一种引导芯装置，该引导芯装置的具体结构参见实施例一及实施例二的描述，此处不再赘述。
综上，本发明提供了一种医用导管及导引芯装置41能够在不用撕脱壳的前提下让医用导管滑畅地穿刺入血管，降低了医用导管卡在血管壁外侧或撕裂血管壁造成大出血的风险，还可以在血管拐弯处和/或静脉管壁等易出现“贴壁”现象的地方起到支撑作用，降低了血管塌壁带来的血管堵塞风险。医用导管不仅可以可用于对人体内进行血液、药物或者营养物质的输送，导管可提供给进行皮下深静脉双腔导管进行血液透析的患者使用，提供给使用单腔导管、双腔导管、多腔导管的患者使用，以及其他类似治疗技术的使用场景患者使用。本 发明实施例提供的一种医用导管及导引芯装置41能够顺滑的穿刺血管，给血管壁提供支撑作用，且结构紧凑、装配及使用便利。
本实施例的医用导管，由于尺寸与距离需要匹配实际应用场景及不同的设备，以上提及的尺寸与距离数据仅作为解释本发明之用，不限于必须为如上尺寸与距离数据，不应作为限制本发明保护范围的解释。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种医用导管，其特征在于，所述医用导管包括第一导管体和部分容置于所述第一导管体内用于引导所述第一导管体***血管的导引芯装置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的医用导管，其特征在于，所述导引芯装置包括依次连接的管外部、过渡连接部和尾部，所述管外部露出于所述第一导管体外，所述过渡连接部用于与所述第一导管体配合连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的医用导管，其特征在于，所述管外部的外轮廓为流线型。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的医用导管，其特征在于，所述尾部的宽度小于所述过渡连接部的宽度，所述管外部沿所述第一导管体横截面方向的长度为9-11mm。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的医用导管，其特征在于，所述导引芯装置还包括用于手持的手持部，所述手持部与所述尾部连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的医用导管，其特征在于，所述手持部为环状、柱形、圆形或锥形。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的医用导管，其特征在于，所述导引芯装置与所述第一导管体为可拆卸连接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的医用导管，其特征在于，所述导引芯装置与所述第一导管体通过医用胶实现可拆卸连接。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的医用导管，其特征在于，所述第一导管体的纵截面与所述第一导管体的横截面沿导引芯装置延伸方向的夹角为45度到135度。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的医用导管，其特征在于，所述夹角小于90度。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的医用导管，其特征在于，所述医用导管还包括第二导管体，所述第一导管体与第二导管体的腔体相互独立，所述第一导管体设有所述导引芯装置，所述第一导管体和/或第二导管体设有至少一个侧孔，所述医用导管还包括三通管座、与所述第一导管体连通的第一导管体远端部和与所述第二导管体连通的第 二导管体远端部，所述三通管座分别与远离所述管外部的所述第一导管体与所述第二导管体的一端连接、所述第一导管体远端部连接、所述第二导管体远端部连接，所述第一导管体远端部和所述第二导管体远端部分别设置有第一止流卡和第二止流卡，所述三通管座还设置有用于固定所述医用导管的固定装置。
  12. 一种导引芯装置，其特征在于，所述导引芯装置用于如权利要求1所述的医用导管，所述医用导管包括第一导管体，所述导引芯装置部分容置于所述第一导管体内用于引导所述第一导管体***血管。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的导引芯装置，其特征在于，所述导引芯装置包括依次连接的管外部、过渡连接部和尾部，所述管外部露出于所述第一导管体外，所述过渡连接部用于与所述第一导管体配合连接。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的导引芯装置，其特征在于，所述管外部的外轮廓为流线型。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的导引芯装置，其特征在于，所述尾部的宽度小于所述过渡连接部的宽度，所述管外部沿所述第一导管体横截面方向的长度为9-11mm。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的导引芯装置，其特征在于，所述导引芯装置还包括用于手持的手持部，所述手持部与所述尾部连接。
  17. 根据权利要求13所述的导引芯装置，其特征在于，所述导引芯装置与所述第一导管体为可拆卸连接。
PCT/CN2019/094631 2018-07-18 2019-07-03 一种医用导管及导引芯装置 WO2020087963A1 (zh)

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CN112569018A (zh) * 2020-12-31 2021-03-30 刘劼 一种小鼠大脑中动脉线栓装置

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