WO2020084749A1 - エンジンバルブのボス部付き中間品の製造方法 - Google Patents
エンジンバルブのボス部付き中間品の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020084749A1 WO2020084749A1 PCT/JP2018/039798 JP2018039798W WO2020084749A1 WO 2020084749 A1 WO2020084749 A1 WO 2020084749A1 JP 2018039798 W JP2018039798 W JP 2018039798W WO 2020084749 A1 WO2020084749 A1 WO 2020084749A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- shaft
- intermediate product
- boss portion
- engine valve
- boss
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/001—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass valves or valve housings
- B23P15/002—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass valves or valve housings poppet valves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/12—Forming profiles on internal or external surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J9/00—Forging presses
- B21J9/02—Special design or construction
- B21J9/025—Special design or construction with rolling or wobbling dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/20—Making machine elements valve parts
- B21K1/22—Making machine elements valve parts poppet valves, e.g. for internal-combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/20—Shapes or constructions of valve members, not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements
- F01L2303/01—Tools for producing, mounting or adjusting, e.g. some part of the distribution
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2820/00—Details on specific features characterising valve gear arrangements
- F01L2820/01—Absolute values
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
- Y10T29/49298—Poppet or I.C. engine valve or valve seat making
Definitions
- an engine valve has an engine valve with a piston part that is opened and closed by the hydraulic pressure that acts on a large-diameter piston part that is installed on a shaft part that has a smaller outer diameter than the umbrella part, and the exhaust flow to the blade part that is installed on the shaft part.
- an engine valve with vanes that allows the valve to rotate by operating. The piston part and the vane part formed in the engine valve are exposed to a high temperature exhaust gas flow, and thus need to be formed to have high strength.
- an engine valve having a piston part or a blade part was formed by forging a metal shaft member and then cutting it. Specifically, a metal shaft member of a predetermined length having a larger outer diameter than the piston portion and the blade portion is forged to form a prototype portion of the umbrella portion such as a flange at the tip, and the prototype of the umbrella portion is formed. The piston portion, the blade portion, and the umbrella portion are cut out and formed by cutting the shaft member with the portion. Further, the formed engine valve is hardened by being subjected to heat treatment, so that the piston portion and the blade portion have required high strength.
- a stepped member is formed by forming a shaft enlargement (registered trademark) portion having a larger outer diameter than the original shaft member in the middle portion of a metallic shaft member having a constant outer diameter.
- a method is disclosed. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3 of Patent Document 1, the stepped member holds both ends of a metal shaft member by a pair of sleeves having a bottomed tubular shape, and forms a bent portion between both sleeves of the shaft member.
- an alternating stress is generated in the bending portion, which alternately causes a compressive force and a tensile force along the axial centerline direction to act repeatedly, and the bending portion whose yield stress is reduced by the alternating stress is used as an axis.
- a large-diameter shaft enlarged portion is formed between both sleeves by compressing from both sides of the portion and bulging outward in the radial direction.
- the boss portion (enlarged portion) formed by the manufacturing method of Patent Document 1 is formed in a region surrounded by sleeves attached to both ends of the shaft member. Therefore, when both ends of the umbrella molding portion and the shaft molding portion are held by the sleeves, the boss portion is enlarged only along the base end portion of the umbrella molding portion and thus is formed only at a position continuous with the umbrella molding portion.
- the piston portion and the blade portion formed on the shaft portion of the finished engine valve must be formed at a position separated from the umbrella portion in order to ensure the opening / closing stroke of the umbrella portion. There is a problem in that the boss portion of the intermediate product to be formed cannot be formed at a position separated from the umbrella molding portion.
- the present invention in the intermediate product of the engine valve, only the boss portion for forming the piston portion and the blade portion has high strength, and the boss portion is separated from the umbrella molding portion on the shaft molding portion. It is intended to provide a method for manufacturing an intermediate product with a boss portion of an engine valve that can be formed at any position.
- An umbrella molding part having a larger maximum outer diameter than the shaft molding part is integrally formed at the tip of the shaft molding part, and a boss part having a larger outer diameter than the shaft molding part is integrally formed on the outer periphery of the middle of the shaft molding part.
- a method for manufacturing an intermediate product with a boss portion of an engine valve wherein the intermediate portion of the shaft forming portion is held by a plurality of intermediate jigs that can be attached to and detached from a center of the axial forming portion of the intermediate product,
- a shaft holding step of holding the base end part of the shaft by a base end jig, and an alternation in which the intermediate product is rotated, and tensile force and compression force in the direction along the shaft center line are alternately and repeatedly applied to the outer periphery of the shaft forming part.
- the boss portion (the portion forming the piston portion and the umbrella portion in the finished product) formed as the shaft enlarged portion on the shaft forming portion of the intermediate product of the engine valve receives the alternating stress
- the other portion in the intermediate product, Since it has a higher hardness than the parts other than the boss
- the neck molding part (the part that is continuous with both the face molding part and the shaft molding part in the intermediate product) is kept toughness by suppressing the increase in strength. Therefore, only the piston portion and the blade portion formed on the boss portion have required high strength.
- the boss portion formed on the shaft forming part is along the base end part of the intermediate jig. Is formed at a position apart from the umbrella molding portion.
- the plurality of intermediate jigs are formed by surface treatment or heat treatment so as to have a hardness of 500 HV or more, and three positions in the circumferential direction of the shaft forming portion are provided. As described above, it is desirable to hold the middle of the shaft forming portion.
- the intermediate jig has a hardness of 500 HV or more by surface treatment or heat treatment, buckling does not occur in the intermediate jig when an alternating load is applied to the intermediate product during the shaft enlargement process, and further Since a plurality of intermediate jigs hold three or more locations in the circumferential direction of the shaft forming portion, compared to holding in two locations in the circumferential direction, the radial direction of the intermediate product of the engine valve when forming the boss portion on the shaft forming portion The force is less likely to escape to the outside, and the vibration of the intermediate product is reduced.
- a plurality of intermediate jigs arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction hold the outer periphery of the shaft forming portion with equal force from the outer side in the radial direction toward the center of the shaft. At the time of molding, the force is less likely to escape toward the outer side in the radial direction of the intermediate product of the engine valve, and the vibration of the intermediate product is reduced.
- the intermediate product with the boss portion of the engine valve is formed of a precipitation hardening Ni-based alloy.
- a method of manufacturing an intermediate product with a boss portion of an engine valve includes joining a second boss portion of a shaft end member with a second boss portion formed of a separate member of martensitic steel to the boss portion of the intermediate product. It is desirable to have a friction welding process that forms a secondary intermediate product.
- the boss can reduce the hardness of the front end side region near the umbrella molding portion that receives high heat.
- the hardness is high, and the hardness of the proximal region that does not receive high heat is low.
- the umbrella molding portion has a neck molding portion, and the neck molding portion is integrally formed so as to be continuous with a tip portion of the shaft molding portion. Further, it is desirable to have a shape in which the diameter increases from the tip end portion of the shaft forming portion toward the tip end of the neck forming portion.
- a plurality of intermediate jigs holds the intermediate product in a stable manner by holding the intermediate portion of the shaft forming portion instead of the umbrella forming portion, and at the same time on the shaft forming portion, between the base end jig and the umbrella forming portion.
- the boss portion is formed on the shaft forming portion at a free position separated from the umbrella forming portion. The formed boss portion is not cut and is formed without waste, and by the work hardening, it has high strength required for the piston portion and the blade portion of the finished product.
- the intermediate jig stably holds the intermediate portion of the shaft forming portion of the intermediate product, so that only the boss portion does not have to be heat-treated on the entire intermediate product. Since it can be hardened to increase only the strength of the piston and blade of the finished product to the required strength, it can be maintained without lowering the toughness of the neck of the finished product and can be placed at any desired position on the shaft forming part. A highly accurate boss can be formed.
- the boss portion can be axially enlarged in the intermediate product without damaging the intermediate jig, and the escape of the force outward in the radial direction at the time of molding the boss portion is reduced.
- the intermediate product is less likely to vibrate, and the accuracy of the boss portion formed in the shaft forming portion is improved.
- the plurality of intermediate jigs hold the intermediate portion of the shaft forming portion with equal force during the boss forming to prevent the intermediate product from vibrating.
- the precision of the boss portion formed in the portion is further improved.
- the piston portion and the blade portion formed on the boss portion have required high strength.
- the boss portion of the intermediate product which is likely to receive high heat in the combustion chamber after completion of the engine valve, has high hardness to strengthen high temperature strength, and the shaft end which is hard to receive high heat.
- the manufacturing cost of the entire engine valve can be reduced by adopting martensite steel, which is cheaper than the precipitation hardening Ni alloy, for the member to form the boss portion and joining it to the boss portion of the intermediate product.
- the highly accurate boss portion can be freely moved on the shaft molding portion.
- the boss portion which can be formed at a position and has a high strength required for an intermediate product of an engine valve formed of an inexpensive and low-strength material can be formed inexpensively without heat treatment.
- FIG. 3A is an axial cross-sectional view of an intermediate product of an engine valve having a forged umbrella molding portion and a shaft molding portion
- FIG. The shaft holding step of rotatably holding the base end of the shaft forming portion by a jig is shown, and (d) shows the shaft forming portion while rotating the intermediate product shaft forming portion in a state of being bent with respect to the central axis O.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of an intermediate jig
- FIG. 1 shows a side view of a finished engine valve formed by machining.
- FIG. 1 A first embodiment of a method for manufacturing an intermediate product with an engine valve boss will be described with reference to FIG. 1, description will be made with the umbrella molding portion 4 side of the engine valve as the tip end side and the shaft molding portion 3 side as the base end side.
- the round metal rod 1 of FIG. 1 (a) is formed by cutting a long rod made of a precipitation hardening Ni-based alloy such as NCF80A having high heat resistance in the cutting process.
- the metal round bar 1 has a shape in which a shaft forming portion 3 and an umbrella forming portion 4 having an outer diameter larger than that of the shaft forming portion shown in FIG. 1B are integrated with a tip portion 3 a of the shaft forming portion 3 by a forging process. It is formed as an intermediate product 2.
- the intermediate product 2 is formed by upset forging or the like
- the umbrella molding portion 4 has a neck molding portion 4a formed so as to increase in diameter like a recess from the base end portion 4c toward the tip end portion 4d.
- the upsetting forged intermediate product 2 is subjected to strain correction processing for correcting the distortion caused by forging and rough processing of the outer diameter.
- the intermediate product 2 is held between the base end portion 3b of the shaft forming portion 3 and the middle portion by each jig in the shaft holding step. Specifically, the intermediate product 2 is inserted into the holding hole 5a by the base jig 5 having the holding hole 5a with the bottom portion 5b so that the base end portion 3b of the shaft forming portion 3 contacts the bottom portion 5b. Is held so as to be rotatable relative to the base end jig 5, and a plurality of outer circumferences of the shaft end forming part 3 surrounded by the neck end forming part 4a and the front face 5c of the base end jig 5 are provided. It is held by the intermediate jigs 6a to 6c.
- the intermediate jigs 6a to 6c shown in FIG. 2A each have a shape obtained by dividing a cylinder into three equal parts, and a screw hole 6g (a part of which is not shown) for fixing a male screw described later. Then, by being combined, the shaft forming portions 3 are gripped by the inner peripheral surfaces 6d to 6f, respectively, and are attached and detached in the radial direction from the central axis O of the shaft forming portions 3 as shown in FIG. 1 (c).
- the umbrella forming section 4 shown in FIG. 1 (c) is held by a bottomed cylindrical umbrella jig 7.
- the umbrella jig 7 has a holding hole 7a with a bottom portion 7b, the umbrella molding portion 4 is inserted into the holding hole 7a, and the face molding portion 4b is inserted into the holding hole 7a while the bottom surface 4e is in contact with the bottom portion 7b.
- the intermediate jigs 6a to 6c holding the intermediate product 2 and the umbrella jig 7 are held by a tip jig 8 having a bottomed cylindrical shape.
- the tip jig 8 of FIG. 1C has a holding hole 8a with a bottom portion 8b, and the umbrella jig 7 holding the umbrella molding portion 4 has an outer peripheral surface 7d with the tip surface 7c in contact with the bottom portion 8b. Are held in the holding holes 8a. Further, the tip jig 8 has three (one is not shown) stepped insertion holes for holding a screw head by inserting a male screw described later into a position corresponding to the female screw hole 6g of the intermediate jigs 6a to 6c. 8c.
- the intermediate jigs 6a to 6c holding the shaft forming portion 3 are inserted into the holding holes 8a of the tip jig 8 so that the positions of the female screw holes 6g and the stepped insertion holes 8c are aligned, and the intermediate jigs 6a to 6c are attached to the umbrella jig 7.
- the outer peripheral surfaces are held in the holding holes 8a in a state of being adjacent to each other.
- the tip jig 8 and the intermediate jigs 6a to 6c are fixed by inserting three male screws 9 (two not shown) into the stepped insertion holes 8c and screwing them into the female screw holes 6g.
- the jigs 6a to 6c grip the middle of the shaft forming portion 3 of the intermediate product 2 in the vicinity of the neck forming portion 4a so as not to be relatively rotatable.
- the intermediate jigs 6a to 6c stabilize the intermediate product by holding the intermediate portion of the shaft forming portion 3 instead of the face forming portion 4b having a short axial length of the umbrella forming portion 4. Therefore, it contributes to the production of a highly accurate intermediate product with a boss portion in the shaft enlargement process described later. Further, since the plurality of intermediate jigs 6a to 6c can be attached and detached in the radial direction, the intermediate jigs 6a to 6c can be attached and detached not only before holding the shaft forming portion 3 by the base end jig 5 but also after holding it. There is a high degree of freedom when attaching and detaching.
- the shaft enlargement process after the shaft holding process will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 (d) and 1 (e).
- the shaft forming portion 3 of the intermediate product 2 shown in FIG. 1 (d) is rotated in an obliquely bent state, an alternating stress is applied to the bending portion, and the intermediate product 2 is compressed from both ends.
- the tip jig 8 integrated with the intermediate product 2 in the shaft holding process is an intermediate product in which the base end jig 5 holds the base end portion 3b in the first shaft enlargement process.
- 2 is bent at an angle ⁇ with respect to the original center axis O of the intermediate product 2 in the vicinity of the base end surface 6h of the intermediate jigs 6a to 6c, and the intermediate product 2 is maintained in the bent state, and a motor or the like is shown together. It rotates integrally with the intermediate product 2 by the rotating means that does not.
- the vicinity of the base end portion 3b of the shaft forming portion 3 of the intermediate product 2 is held by the base end jig 5 to rotate about the original center axis O.
- the portion of the intermediate product 2 that is obliquely bent with respect to the central axis O rotates about the central axis O1 of the umbrella molding portion 4 that is obliquely inclined from the central axis O by ⁇ .
- a part of the shaft forming portion 3 that rotates in this manner that is, a portion from the front surface 5c of the base end jig 5 to the base end surface 6h of the intermediate jigs 6a to 6c (hereinafter referred to as the boss forming portion 10) is By rotating the intermediate product 2 while maintaining the bending, an alternating load that alternately receives a tensile force and a compressive force is continuously applied to the outer circumference, and the yield stress can be reduced.
- the intermediate jigs 6a to 6c are held immovably in the central axis O1 direction, and the proximal jig 5 extends along the central axis O.
- a compressive force is applied from both ends by receiving a force in a direction approaching the intermediate jigs 6a to 6c.
- the boss-shaped portion 10 having a reduced yield stress expands radially outward due to the compressive force.
- the intermediate product 2 in which the boss forming portion 10 is enlarged is centered on the center axis O1 of the shaft forming portion 3 which is bent by an angle ⁇ while rotating.
- the boss molding portion 10 is linearly bent back toward the axis O and is formed as a boss portion 11 having an outer diameter larger than that of the shaft molding portion 3.
- the intermediate product 2 having the boss portion 11 formed in the shaft enlargement step has a portion from the vicinity of the base end portion 11a of the boss portion 11 to the base end portion 3b of the shaft forming portion 3 in the cutting step. The remaining portion 3c is cut off to form the intermediate product 2 with the boss portion 11.
- three intermediate jigs 6a to 6c which are detachable in the radial direction of the intermediate product 2 are provided.
- the middle of the shaft forming part 3 it is possible to stably grip the intermediate product as compared with gripping the face forming part 4b having a short gripping margin, and also to increase the axial length of the intermediate jig.
- the boss portion 11 on the base end side of the base end surface 6h can be formed based on the position L1 and the position of the base end surface 6h when the shaft forming portion 3 is gripped, the boss portion separated from the umbrella forming portion 4 is formed on the shaft forming portion. It is significant in that it can be formed in 3 free positions.
- the conventional intermediate product 13 with a boss portion 14 is manufactured by a precipitation hardening Ni-based alloy such as NCF80A.
- An intermediate product is formed by forging a round rod made of metal to form a primary intermediate product 13a having a prototype part 13b of the umbrella forming part 17 and having a shape indicated by a chain double-dashed line, and cutting the formed primary intermediate product 13a. It was a method of forming the boss portion 14, the shaft forming portion 16 and the umbrella forming portion 17 on 13. In that case, since the metal round bar 15 is discarded by cutting the part excluding the intermediate product 13 with the boss portion 14 from the primary intermediate product 13a, a large amount of material was wasted in the conventional manufacturing method.
- the boss portion 14 is formed by cutting, so the boss portion 14 after cutting is formed to have the same hardness as the shaft forming portion 16. .
- the boss portion 14 is formed with a piston portion or the like that is resistant to sliding, it is necessary to increase the hardness so as to have a predetermined fatigue strength, while the neck forming portion 17a (shaft forming portion) of the umbrella forming portion 17 is required.
- the constricted portion which is continuous with both the portion 16 and the face molding portion 17b needs to suppress the increase in hardness so as to reduce the toughness of the neck portion of the finished engine valve product and prevent the neck portion from being damaged by an impact.
- the upper diagram of FIG. 1A shows an intermediate product 2 with a boss portion of an engine valve, which is formed from a precipitation hardening Ni-based alloy such as NCF80A.
- the table shown in the lower portion of FIG. The value of the hardness (Vickers hardness: unit HV) is described.
- the upper diagram of FIG. 1A shows hardness measurement points I to XII in the boss portion 11 and the shaft molding portion 3 of the intermediate product 2, and the reference numerals I to III of the boss portion 11 indicate portions in the vicinity of the outer periphery of the boss portion 11.
- VII to IX indicate portions in the vicinity of the central axis O of the boss portion 11
- reference numerals IV to VI indicate portions located between the outer circumference and the center of the boss portion 11.
- reference numerals X and XI in FIG. 1A indicate portions of the shaft forming portion 3 surrounded by the boss portion 11 and the umbrella forming portion 4, and reference numeral XII indicates a base end portion of the shaft forming portion 3.
- the lower graph of FIG. 1A shows the respective parts I to IX of the boss portion 11 and the respective parts X to XII of the shaft forming portion 3 formed on the intermediate product 2 at the upper end by the first and second axial enlargement steps in this embodiment.
- the hardness a, the hardness b of I to XII of the boss portion 11 and the shaft forming portion 3 formed by the conventional cutting process, and the numerical value of a / b are shown.
- the hardness of the boss portion 11 of the intermediate product 2 formed by cutting a precipitation hardenable Ni-based alloy material such as NCF80A shows 310HV to 330HV at each of the portions I to IX.
- the hardness of the boss portion 11 of the intermediate product 2 formed by the first and second axial enlargement steps is 437 HV to 508 HV at each of the portions I to IX. Therefore, even if the boss portion 11 formed by the first and second axial enlargement steps is made of the same material as the precipitation hardening Ni-based alloy such as NCF80A, the boss portion 11 is 1. It has a hardness of 37 times to 1.64 times, and the boss portion 11 is significant in that the hardness is increased even if it is not heat-treated.
- the hardness of the shaft forming portion 3 of the intermediate product 2 formed by subjecting the material of the precipitation hardening Ni-based alloy such as NCF80A to the first and second axial enlargement processes is represented by the symbols X to XII. Since 350HV to 356HV are shown as shown in each part, the hardness of each part of reference signs X to XII in the shaft forming part 3 of the intermediate product 2 formed by cutting the same material is 1.09 compared with hardness 312HV to 320HV.
- the hardness of 350HV to 356HV of the shaft forming portion 3 after the first and second axial enlargement steps is different from that of the boss portion 11 after the first and second axial enlargement steps.
- the hardness is suppressed to be lower than that of 437 HV to 508 HV.
- the hardness of the boss portion 11 is improved more than that of the shaft forming portion 3 by the work hardening generated in the boss portion 11 during the shaft enlargement process, and the finished product Not only can the high fatigue strength required for the piston and blade be obtained, but the hardness of the neck and other parts can be maintained to provide the required toughness, so a high-performance engine valve with a boss or blade can be used. It can be manufactured.
- the intermediate jig used in the first embodiment may be configured as two or four or more intermediate jigs that hold the outer periphery of the shaft forming portion 3, or the cylinder may be divided into three equal parts.
- the intermediate jig may be formed to have the shape described above, it is desirable that the intermediate jigs are arranged at three or more positions from the viewpoint of making it difficult for the force to escape to the outside in the radial direction when holding the shaft forming portion 3. From the viewpoint of allowing the tool to hold the shaft forming portion 3 with a uniform force, it is desirable to arrange the shaft forming portion 3 on the outer periphery of the shaft forming portion at equal intervals as in the present embodiment.
- the plurality of intermediate jigs 6a to 6c used in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2 (a) are formed to have a hardness of 500 HV or more by being respectively subjected to surface treatment or heat treatment. Is desirable. Since the intermediate jigs 6a to 6c are formed to have a hardness of 500 HV or more, the boss portion 11 can be formed on the intermediate product 2 without buckling of each intermediate jig.
- the intermediate jigs 6a to 6c grip and fix the middle of the shaft forming portion 3 and the base jig 5 holds the base end portion 3b of the shaft forming portion so as to be relatively rotatable.
- the base end portion 5b of the shaft forming portion may be gripped and fixed by the base end jig 5, and the middle portion of the shaft forming portion 3 may be relatively rotatably held by the intermediate jigs 6a to 6c. .
- the intermediate product 2 is tilted at an angle ⁇ with respect to the central axis O together with the tip jig 8 so as to approach the intermediate jigs 6a to 6c while rotating the base end jig 5 by a motor or the like not shown.
- a boss portion 11 is formed on the shaft forming portion 3 by applying a compressive force to the base end jig 5.
- the intermediate product 2 with the boss portion 11 shown in FIG. 1 (f) is integrated with the shaft end member 18 shown in FIG. 3 (a) to form a second intermediate product 26.
- the shaft end member 18 is less likely to be exposed to high temperatures and impacts than the intermediate product 2 and does not require the hardness of the intermediate product 2, and thus is less expensive than the precipitation hardening Ni-based alloy such as NCF80A than the intermediate product 2. It is formed by cutting or forging a metal round bar, for example, a metal round bar made of steel such as SUH3.
- the shaft end member 18 is formed to have a second boss portion 19 having an outer diameter equal to that of the boss portion 11 of the intermediate product 2, and a shaft end molding portion 20 having an outer diameter smaller than that of the second boss portion 19.
- the intermediate product 2 is frictionally pressed against the shaft end member 18 with the base end 11 a of the boss portion 11 being in contact with the tip end portion 19 a of the second boss portion 19. It is integrated coaxially with the shaft end member 18.
- the integrated intermediate product 2 and the second intermediate product 26 by the shaft end member 18 are annealed as a whole and then subjected to strain correction processing.
- the second intermediate product 26 of which distortion is corrected in FIG. 3 (b) is machined on the outer periphery to be formed as the engine valve 21 with the piston 22 of FIG. 3 (c).
- the shaft forming portion 3 is formed as the shaft portion 23, and the umbrella forming portion 4 is formed as the umbrella portion 24.
- the neck molding portion 4a of the umbrella portion 24 is formed as a neck portion 24a whose diameter increases in a concave shape toward the tip, and the face molding portion 4b is formed as a face portion 24b which increases in diameter in a taper shape toward the tip.
- the integrated boss portion 11 and second boss portion 19 are formed as a piston 22, and the shaft end molding portion 20 is formed as a shaft end portion 25 having a cotter groove 25a. To be done.
- the piston 22 of the engine valve 21 of the second embodiment is slidably operated by hydraulic pressure or the like, and is constituted by a tip end region 22b including the boss portion 11 and a base end region 22c including the second boss portion 19.
- the tip end region 22b is formed of a precipitation hardening Ni-based alloy such as NCF80A whose hardness is improved by work hardening, and the base end region 22c is formed of steel such as SUH3 which is cheaper than the tip end region. Has been done.
- the tip end region 22b of the piston 22 is close to the umbrella portion 24 and is likely to receive the heat of the umbrella portion 24, which has received high heat in the combustion chamber, via the shaft portion 23.
- the piston portion of the present embodiment has an advantage that not only the tip end region 22b has high hardness and high fatigue strength against sliding, but also excellent high temperature strength.
- the heat generated in the base end region 22c of the piston 22 of the present embodiment is radiated more easily from the shaft end 25 to the crankcase (not shown) in contact with the base end region 22b than in the tip end region 22b.
- the partial region 22c and the shaft end portion 25 are not required to have the high temperature strength as much as the tip end region 22b.
- the base end region 22c and the shaft end portion 25 of the piston 22 are made of steel such as SUH3 which is cheaper than precipitation hardening Ni-based alloy such as NCF80A to form precipitation hardening Ni-based alloy such as NCF80A. It is integrally joined to the base end region 22c formed of an alloy.
- the engine valve 21 formed by the method of manufacturing an engine valve of the present embodiment has a high temperature strength required for the umbrella portion 24, the shaft portion 23, and the tip end region 22b of the piston 22 that become high in temperature, and the piston 22 that does not become higher in temperature.
- the entire engine valve 21 can be made as hard as a precipitation hardening Ni-based alloy such as NCF80A. It has an advantage that it is formed at a lower cost than an expensive material.
- FIG. 4 shows an engine valve 30 with a piston 31 formed by a modified example of the manufacturing method of the intermediate product with a boss portion of the first embodiment and a modified example of the manufacturing method of the engine valve of the second embodiment.
- the engine valve 30 is manufactured as follows. First, in the method of manufacturing the intermediate product with the boss portion of the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 (f), the cutting step is performed to cut off the residual portion 3c from the shaft forming portion 3 of the intermediate product 2. In the modification, the cutting process is not performed and the remaining portion is left as it is. Further, in the engine valve manufacturing method of the second embodiment shown in FIGS.
- the piston 31 of the engine valve 30 shown in FIG. 4 is composed of a first piston 31a and a second piston 31b which are spaced apart in the front-rear direction with the residual portion 32 and the connecting portion 33 interposed therebetween.
- the piston 31 is divided into two to provide a clearance, and the sliding area is reduced to reduce the sliding resistance of the piston when driven by hydraulic pressure or the like. Can be done.
- the connecting portion 33 as a part of the cutting process of the shaft end member 18, the manufacturing cost of the engine valve 30 with the piston 31 is reduced because the cutting process of the remaining portion is reduced by one when manufacturing the intermediate product.
- the connecting portion 33 may not be provided. In that case, by frictionally contacting the remaining portion 32 with the second piston 31b directly and coaxially, the number of manufacturing steps of the connecting portion 33 is also reduced, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.
- FIG. 5 shows an engine valve 40 with blades 43 according to a modification of the method for manufacturing an intermediate product with a boss portion of the first embodiment and the method for manufacturing an engine valve of the second embodiment.
- the engine valve 40 has a blade portion 43 formed of an umbrella portion 41, a shaft portion 42, and a boss portion in the intermediate product 2 of FIG. 1 (f) manufactured by the manufacturing method of the first embodiment, and SUH3 and the like. It is made of steel.
- the engine valve 40 is used as an exhaust valve, and the blades 43 are arranged in an exhaust passage (not shown). Therefore, in the method of manufacturing the engine valve 40, the engine valve 40 is illustrated in FIGS.
- the blade portion 43 is moved to the umbrella portion. It must be formed close to 41.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
3 軸成形部
3a 先端部
3b 基端部
5 基端治具
6a~6c 中間治具
11 ボス部
18 軸端部材
19 第2ボス部
26 第2中間品
Claims (6)
- 軸成形部よりも最大外径が大きな傘成形部を軸成形部の先端部に一体に有し、軸成形部よりも外径の大きなボス部を軸成形部の中間の外周に一体に形成された、エンジンバルブのボス部付き中間品の製造方法であって、
前記中間品の軸成形部の中心から半径方向に着脱可能な複数の中間治具によって軸成形部の中間を保持し、軸成形部の基端部を基端治具によって保持する軸保持工程と、
前記中間品を回転させ、軸成形部の外周に軸中心線に沿った方向の引張力及び圧縮力を交互に繰り返し作用させる交番負荷を負荷しつつ、中間品に両端部から圧縮力を負荷して前記ボス部を形成する軸肥大工程と、を備えることを特徴とする、エンジンバルブのボス部付き中間品の製造方法。 - 前記複数の中間治具は、表面処理や熱処理によって500HV以上の硬さを有するように形成されて、軸成形部の周方向の3箇所以上で間を保持することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のエンジンバルブのボス部付き中間品の製造方法。
- 前記複数の中間治具が軸成形部の周方向に等分配置された状態で軸成形部の中間を保持することを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のエンジンバルブのボス部付き中間品の製造方法。
- 前記エンジンバルブのボス部付中間品が、析出硬化型Ni基合金で形成されることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のエンジンバルブのボス部付き中間品の製造方法。
- 前記中間品のボス部にマルテンサイト鋼の別部材で形成された第2ボス部付き軸端部材の第2ボス部を接合して二次中間品を形成する摩擦圧接工程と、を有することを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のエンジンバルブのボス部付き中間品の製造方法。
- 前記傘成形部は、首成形部を有し、
前記首成形部は、前記軸成形部の先端部に連続するように一体に形成され、かつ前記軸成形部の先端部から前記首成形部の先端に向かって増径する形状を有することを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のエンジンバルブのボス部付き中間品の製造方法。
Priority Applications (7)
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FIEP18937572.8T FI3871800T3 (fi) | 2018-10-26 | 2018-10-26 | Menetelmä moottorin venttiilin kohoumaosalla varustetun välituotteen valmistamiseksi |
KR1020217001028A KR102259041B1 (ko) | 2018-10-26 | 2018-10-26 | 엔진 밸브의 보스부가 있는 중간품의 제조 방법 |
PCT/JP2018/039798 WO2020084749A1 (ja) | 2018-10-26 | 2018-10-26 | エンジンバルブのボス部付き中間品の製造方法 |
CN201880097676.3A CN112703069B (zh) | 2018-10-26 | 2018-10-26 | 发动机气门的带凸起部的中间品的制造方法 |
JP2020552464A JP6912676B2 (ja) | 2018-10-26 | 2018-10-26 | エンジンバルブのボス部付き中間品の製造方法 |
EP18937572.8A EP3871800B1 (en) | 2018-10-26 | 2018-10-26 | Method of manufacturing intermediate product with engine valve boss portion |
US17/239,692 US11285570B2 (en) | 2018-10-26 | 2021-04-26 | Method of manufacturing engine valve intermediate product with boss portion |
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PCT/JP2018/039798 WO2020084749A1 (ja) | 2018-10-26 | 2018-10-26 | エンジンバルブのボス部付き中間品の製造方法 |
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US17/239,692 Continuation-In-Part US11285570B2 (en) | 2018-10-26 | 2021-04-26 | Method of manufacturing engine valve intermediate product with boss portion |
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EP (1) | EP3871800B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6912676B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102259041B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN112703069B (ja) |
FI (1) | FI3871800T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2020084749A1 (ja) |
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JPWO2020084749A1 (ja) | 2021-09-02 |
EP3871800A4 (en) | 2021-12-01 |
US20210245309A1 (en) | 2021-08-12 |
KR20210011495A (ko) | 2021-02-01 |
JP6912676B2 (ja) | 2021-08-04 |
CN112703069A (zh) | 2021-04-23 |
KR102259041B1 (ko) | 2021-06-02 |
US11285570B2 (en) | 2022-03-29 |
CN112703069B (zh) | 2022-02-11 |
EP3871800A1 (en) | 2021-09-01 |
EP3871800B1 (en) | 2023-03-01 |
FI3871800T3 (fi) | 2023-05-23 |
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