WO2020082206A1 - Ct成像和图像引导放射治疗装置 - Google Patents

Ct成像和图像引导放射治疗装置 Download PDF

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WO2020082206A1
WO2020082206A1 PCT/CN2018/111183 CN2018111183W WO2020082206A1 WO 2020082206 A1 WO2020082206 A1 WO 2020082206A1 CN 2018111183 W CN2018111183 W CN 2018111183W WO 2020082206 A1 WO2020082206 A1 WO 2020082206A1
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pet
imaging
pet detector
detector
ray source
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PCT/CN2018/111183
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French (fr)
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高河伟
张丽
邢宇翔
陈志强
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清华大学
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation

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  • the invention relates to the field of medical imaging and radiotherapy guidance, in particular to a computer tomography (CT) and image-guided radiotherapy device.
  • CT computer tomography
  • Radiotherapy is one of the main ways to treat malignant tumors.
  • image guidance image Guidance
  • Radiation therapy guidance is essentially the use of medical imaging methods to obtain accurate patient position information before or during treatment, to reduce treatment errors caused by patient body placement, heartbeat, breathing and other organ movements, thereby improving or ensuring radiation treatment Accuracy.
  • MV megavolt
  • CT computed tomography
  • KV kilovolt
  • radiotherapy based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance has also been successfully developed and applied in the clinic.
  • PET positron emission tomography
  • PET is a kind of functional imaging, which can obtain biological information of human body.
  • the gamma photons produced by positron annihilation have the potential to directly reflect the real-time location information of tumors in patients.
  • Real-time tumor location information is of great significance for high-precision tumor treatment.
  • the movement of the patient's organs during treatment has been a major challenge for radiation therapy. Therefore, the use of PET-guided radiotherapy equipment has strong clinical application potential, and it is also one of the hotspots and difficulties currently being studied in academia and industry.
  • PET-guided radiotherapy apparatus due to the physical mechanism of PET imaging, PET cannot alone give accurate body contour information of the patient lying on the treatment bed.
  • PET usually needs to use CT images to achieve attenuation correction. Therefore, similar to PET / CT in medical diagnosis, a PET-guided radiotherapy apparatus usually requires a CT to "assisted" PET imaging.
  • kilovolt CT kilovolt CT
  • megavolt CT is usually directly used in the treatment of high-energy X-ray (megavolt) source-medical linear accelerator.
  • the scan plane of the mega-volt CT is naturally in the same plane as the treatment, which brings great convenience to the image registration and at the same time helps to optimize the treatment plan.
  • the quality of megavolt CT imaging is not high: the reconstructed image has low contrast and the patient receives a large radiation dose.
  • kilovolt CT generally uses a separate, medical diagnostic (kilovolt level) X-ray source.
  • the kilovolt CT can be subdivided into two categories, cone beam CT based on flat panel detectors and diagnostic grade CT based on multi-row spiral CT detectors.
  • the kilovolt CT has the advantages of small radiation dose and high contrast.
  • a CT imaging and image-guided radiotherapy apparatus including:
  • At least one high-energy ray source At least one high-energy ray source
  • At least one kilovolt KV ray source for medical diagnosis is placed on the first PET detector, inside the first PET detector or outside the first PET detector for generating KV rays;
  • the second PET detector receives the KV rays and performs KVCT imaging
  • the first PET detector and the second PET detector receive the gamma photons emitted by the object and perform PET imaging;
  • the high-energy ray source generates high-energy rays for radiotherapy of objects
  • the KVCT imaging and / or PET imaging is used to assist and / or guide the radiation treatment of the object.
  • the KV ray source is placed outside the first PET detector, and the first PET detector is provided with an opening, and the opening is used to transmit the KV ray.
  • it further includes at least one high-energy detector, which is placed opposite to the position of the high-energy ray source and used for receiving high-energy rays;
  • the high-energy detector, the high-energy ray source, the first PET detector, the second PET detector and the KV ray source are on the same plane;
  • the first PET detector and the second PET detector are located on both sides of the high-energy ray source and the high-energy detector, respectively.
  • the KV ray source and the PET detector are relatively rotated around the object to obtain CT data at different rotation angles, and then a computer operation is performed to obtain a CT image.
  • the CT data and / or CT images are used to perform a combination of one or more of the following:
  • the KV ray source includes one of an X-ray tube, a carbon nanotube, and an isotope source.
  • the high energy ray source includes an accelerator or isotope source for radiotherapy
  • the high energy ray includes one of a megavolt MV photon ray and an MV particle ray
  • the MV photon ray includes a mega One of volt X-rays and gamma rays
  • the MV particle beam includes one of protons, neutrons, and carbon ions.
  • the first PET detector and / or the second PET detector are set to an integration mode, and the KV rays are emitted to achieve independent cone beam, fan beam or Spiral CT scan; and / or
  • the first PET detector and / or the second PET detector are set to the counting mode, and the KV rays are emitted to realize independent cone beam, fan beam or spiral CT scanning; and / or
  • the first PET detector and / or the second PET detector are set to the counting mode, the KV rays are emitted, and the energy threshold of the light counting detector is used to distinguish between the KV ray photons and the positron annihilation Gamma photon to achieve simultaneous scanning of PET and CT.
  • the time gap of the pulsed treatment is used, and the KV ray source pulses the beam to achieve the simultaneous execution of CT imaging and treatment; and / or
  • the first PET detector and / or the second PET detector are set to the counting mode, the time gap of the pulse treatment is used, the KV ray source pulses the beam, and the energy threshold of the light counting detector is used to distinguish the KV rays Gamma photons produced by the annihilation of photons and positrons enable CT imaging, PET imaging, and treatment to proceed simultaneously.
  • the first PET detector and / or the second PET detector are composed of a plurality of PET detection modules and / or detection units, and there is uniformity between each PET detection module and / or detection unit gap.
  • the CT imaging and image guided radiation therapy device of the present invention has at least the following advantages:
  • the KV ray source co-planar with the first PET detector, the second PET detector, the high-energy detector and the high-energy ray source is added to realize the common detector function of the first PET detector or the second PET detector, So as to achieve the purpose of KVCT imaging, PET imaging and radiotherapy co-scanning the plane.
  • the position and type of the KV ray source can be changed, and can be adjusted according to the needs of users, with strong universality.
  • the CT imaging and image-guided radiation therapy device of the present invention has a variety of imaging and / or radiation therapy guidance modes, which can be adjusted according to the actual needs of users and is applicable to various situations.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a CT imaging and image-guided radiotherapy apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2A is a top view of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 2B is a side view of FIG. 1;
  • 3A is a schematic structural diagram of a CT imaging and image-guided radiotherapy apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3B is a schematic structural diagram of a CT imaging and image-guided radiotherapy apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3C is a schematic structural diagram of a CT imaging and image-guided radiotherapy apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a CT (Computed Tomography) imaging and image-guided radiotherapy device, which adds a KV coplanar with the first PET detector, the second PET detector, the high-energy detector, and the high-energy ray source
  • the ray source can realize the common detector function of the first PET detector or the second PET detector, so as to achieve the purpose of co-scanning the plane of KVCT imaging, PET imaging and radiotherapy.
  • a first embodiment of the present invention provides a CT imaging and image-guided radiotherapy apparatus.
  • the CT imaging and image-guided radiotherapy apparatus includes: at least one high-energy ray source for radiotherapy, the high-energy ray
  • the source may be an accelerator for radiotherapy or an isotope source (or other device) for generating one of megavolt MV photon rays or MV particle rays, the megavolt photon rays including one of megavolt X-rays and gamma rays One;
  • the megavolt particle beam includes one of protons, neutrons and carbon ions;
  • the first PET detector and the second PET detector placed oppositely; on the first PET detector, the first PET detector
  • At least one kilovolt KV ray source for medical diagnosis is placed on the inner side or the outer side of the first PET detector for generating KV rays (mainly X-rays, but can also be gamma GAMMA rays with energy generated by isotopes in the medical diagnostic range );
  • the first PET detector and the second PET detector that are placed oppositely may have a relatively arc-shaped structure (see FIG. 1 for details).
  • the first PET detector and the second PET detector may also be It is a relatively flat structure or a straight structure.
  • the first PET detector and / or the second PET detector are generally composed of a plurality of small PET detection modules and / or detection units, and there may be a gap between each PET module and / or detection unit, preferably It is a uniform gap, that is, the PET module and / or the detection unit may not have a gap, or the gap is not uniform, and the present invention is not limited.
  • the CT imaging and image-guided radiotherapy device generally uses a helical scanning (treatment) mode based on a rotating gantry, because the device does not require too much spatial resolution / density resolution for kilovolt CT imaging (Compared to medical diagnostic CT), therefore, its universality is extremely strong.
  • the KV ray source is placed on the outside of the first PET detector (the side away from the object).
  • the KV rays In order for the KV rays to reach the second PET detector, it is necessary to A certain gap or opening is provided on the top, so that KV rays are irradiated onto the second PET detector through the opening.
  • the KV ray source may be a traditional ray source such as an X-ray tube, or a new ray source such as carbon nanotubes, or an isotope source, etc., and the present invention is not limited.
  • the first PET detector and / or the second PET detector can also receive the 511KeV gamma photons emitted by the object (which contains the tracking agent), PET imaging can be performed together with CT imaging.
  • the common detector function has the characteristics of high contrast and strong practicability when the radiation dose is small.
  • the radiotherapy apparatus involved in the present invention generally further includes at least one high-energy detector.
  • a high-energy detector is located in the middle of the first PET detector and the second PET detector, and is placed opposite to the position of the high-energy ray source, and is used to receive high-energy rays.
  • the present application can make the first PET detector, the second PET detector, the KV ray source, the high-energy ray source, the high-energy detector and the high-energy ray source lie on the same plane.
  • a PET detector and a second PET detector are located on both sides of the high-energy ray source and the high-energy detector, respectively. This brings great convenience to image registration, and at the same time helps to optimize the treatment plan.
  • CT imaging and image-guided radiotherapy apparatus of the present invention can be imaged before or after treatment, and imaging can use multiple modes:
  • the first PET detector and / or the second PET detector are set to the integration mode, and the KV rays are emitted to achieve independent cone beam, fan beam or spiral CT scanning; and / or
  • the first PET detector and / or the second PET detector are set to the counting mode, and the KV rays are emitted to realize independent cone beam, fan beam or spiral CT scanning; and / or
  • the first PET detector and / or the second PET detector are set to the counting mode, the KV rays are emitted, and the energy threshold of the light counting detector is used to distinguish between the KV ray photons and the positron annihilation.
  • Gamma photon to achieve simultaneous scanning of PET and CT.
  • the KV ray source and PET detector will make relative rotation movement around the object, so as to obtain CT data at different rotation angles.
  • the CT imaging and image-guided radiation therapy device of the present invention can have the following two modes in treatment:
  • the KV ray source pulsed the beam to achieve simultaneous CT imaging and treatment; and / or
  • the first PET detector and / or the second PET detector are set to the counting mode, the time gap of the pulse treatment is used, the KV ray source pulses the beam, and the energy threshold of the light counting detector is used to distinguish the KV ray photon from the positron annihilation
  • the generated gamma photons can be synchronized with CT imaging, PET imaging and treatment.
  • the imaging mode during treatment can be combined with any imaging mode before and after treatment to realize various imaging functions of the CT imaging and image-guided radiation therapy device.
  • the CT image is obtained by analyzing the image reconstruction algorithm or iterative image reconstruction algorithm and using computer calculations.
  • the obtained CT data or CT images can be used to implement assisted PET imaging and / or assisted PET guided radiotherapy, attenuation correction during PET image reconstruction, motion artifact correction, etc .; and can also be used directly to guide radiotherapy.
  • the KV ray source of the CT imaging and image-guided radiotherapy apparatus may be multiple ray sources, and the KV ray source may also be placed on or inside the first PET detector (towards On the side of the object), in both cases, it is not necessary to provide an opening in the first PET detector.
  • a KV ray source of the second embodiment is placed inside the first PET detector in turn, and a plurality of KV ray sources of the third embodiment are placed on the first PET detector.
  • the multiple KV ray sources of the fourth embodiment are placed inside the first PET detector.
  • the CT imaging and image-guided radiotherapy apparatus of the present invention adds a KV ray source coplanar with the first PET detector, the second PET detector, the high-energy detector, and the high-energy ray source, and realizes the first PET detector Or the co-detector function of the second PET detector, CT data and / or CT images, and / or PET data and / or PET images can be used to assist and / or guide radiation therapy, improve the performance of radiation therapy, and at the same time To achieve the purpose of co-scanning the plane of radiotherapy, KVCT imaging and PET imaging.

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Abstract

一种CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置，包括：至少一个高能射线源，用于产生高能射线，对物体进行放射治疗；相对放置的第一PET探测器和第二PET探测器；在第一PET探测器上、第一PET探测器的内侧或者第一PET探测器的外侧放置至少一个医学诊断用千伏KV射线源，用于产生KV射线；第二PET探测器接收KV射线，进行CT成像；第一PET探测器和第二PET探测器接收物体发射的伽马光子，进行PET成像。通过KV射线源实现两个PET探测器的共探测器功能，根据KVCT成像和/或PET成像，辅助和/或引导放射治疗，达到在图像引导放射治疗装置中，实现放射治疗、KVCT成像和PET成像共扫描平面的目的。

Description

CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置 技术领域
本发明涉及医疗成像及放射治疗引导领域，尤其涉及一种计算机断层成像(CT)和图像引导放射治疗装置。
背景技术
放射治疗(Radiation Therapy)是目前医治恶性肿瘤的主要方式之一。在放射治疗中，图像引导(Image Guidance)是保证高精准治疗的关键手段之一。放射治疗引导，本质上是在病人治疗前或治疗中，利用医学影像手段获取病人准确的身***置信息，减少病人身体摆放、心跳、呼吸等器官运动造成的治疗误差，从而提高或保证放射治疗的精准度。目前，最常见的放射治疗是使用兆伏(MV)级的高能X射线，最常用的放射治疗引导是基于千伏级(KV)X射线的计算机断层成像(CT)。近年来，基于磁共振成像(MRI)引导的放射治疗也被研制成功并应用于临床。与此同时，科学家和工程师们也在积极研制基于正电子发射断层成像(PET)引导的新型放射治疗模式。
PET是一种功能成像，可以获得人体的生物学信息。在PET成像中，正电子湮没所产生的伽马光子具有直接反映病人体内肿瘤实时位置信息的潜力。实时的肿瘤位置信息，对高精准肿瘤治疗意义重大。病人在治疗过程中器官的运动一直是放射治疗的一个主要挑战。因此，采用PET引导的放射治疗仪具有很强的临床应用潜力，也是目前学术界和工业界正在研究的热点和难点之一。在PET引导放射治疗仪中，由于PET成像的物理机制，使得PET不能单独给出病人躺在治疗床上的准确身体轮廓信息。同时，PET通常也需要利用CT图像来实现衰减校正等。因此，与医学诊断中的PET/CT类似，PET引导放射治疗仪中，通常也是需要一个CT来“辅助”PET成像。
综上所述，CT成像在放射治疗***中，有着举足轻重的作用。目前常见的CT子***，主要有两种模式：千伏CT(KVCT)和兆伏CT。其中，兆伏级CT通常是直接使用治疗中的高能X射线(兆伏级)源——医用直线加速器。兆伏CT的扫描平面天然地与治疗在同一平面，这给图像配准带了极大的便利，同时利于优化治疗方案。但是，兆伏CT成像质量 不高：重建图像对比度低、病人接收的辐射剂量大。与兆伏CT不同，千伏CT一般是采用单独的、医学诊断用(千伏级)的X射线源。千伏CT又可细分为两大类，基于平板探测器的锥束CT和基于多排螺旋CT探测器的诊断级CT。千伏CT具有辐射剂量小、对比度高等优点。
在当前已有的PET引导放射治疗***设计中，由于PET成像和治疗必须要在同一平面，受空间位置的限制，一套独立的千伏CT子***是无法与治疗和PET成像共用一个扫描平面的。这给放射治疗和引导带来了诸多限制。主要体现在：病人和治疗床在CT成像和PET成像或治疗切换时，来回移动容易造成人体器官位置变化；不能在治疗的过程中同时或实时成像，限制了治疗的流程和实现方式。
随着放射治疗向基于旋转机架的螺旋模式发展，以及“自适应”治疗方案的迫切需求，图像引导与治疗共面必将会是未来放射治疗的大趋势，也是精准放射治疗的必然结果。
在PET引导放射治疗***中，为实现CT和PET成像(放射治疗)在同一平面，一种显而易见的折中方案是直接使用直线加速器作为射线源，即“共射线源”的兆伏CT。不过，如前所述，兆伏CT辐射剂量大、对比度低，实用性并不好。
发明内容
本发明实施例的第一方面，提供了一种CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置，包括：
至少一个高能射线源；
相对放置的第一PET探测器和第二PET探测器；
在第一PET探测器上、第一PET探测器的内侧或者第一PET探测器的外侧放置至少一个医学诊断用千伏KV射线源，用于产生KV射线；
所述第二PET探测器接收所述KV射线，进行KVCT成像；
所述第一PET探测器和第二PET探测器接收物体发射的伽马光子，进行PET成像；
所述高能射线源产生高能射线，用于对物体进行放射治疗；
所述KVCT成像和/或PET成像，用于辅助和/或引导对物体进行放射治疗。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述KV射线源放置于第一PET探测器的外侧，该第一PET探测器上设置有开孔，所述开孔用于透过所述KV射线。
在本发明的一些实施例中，还包括至少一个高能探测器，与所述高能射线源的位置相对放置，用于接收高能射线；
所述高能探测器、高能射线源、第一PET探测器、第二PET探测器和KV射线源位于同一平面上；
所述第一PET探测器和第二PET探测器分别位于高能射线源和高能探测器的两侧。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述KVCT成像时，KV射线源和PET探测器围绕物体相对旋转，获取不同旋转角度下的CT数据，再通过计算机运算，获得CT图像。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述CT数据和/或CT图像，用于进行以下的一项或者多项的组合：
辅助PET成像和/或辅助PET引导放射治疗、PET衰减校正和PET运动伪影校正。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述KV射线源包括X光管、碳纳米管和同位素源的其中之一。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述高能射线源包括放射治疗用的加速器或者同位素源，所述高能射线包括兆伏MV光子射线和MV粒子射线的其中之一，所述MV光子射线包括兆伏X射线和伽马射线的其中之一；所述MV粒子射线包括质子、中子和碳离子的其中之一。
在本发明的一些实施例中，在治疗前和/或治疗后，第一PET探测器和/或第二PET探测器设置为积分模式，KV射线出束，实现独立的锥束、扇束或螺旋CT扫描；和/或
在治疗前和/或治疗后，第一PET探测器和/或第二PET探测器设置为计数模式，KV射线出束，实现独立的锥束、扇束或螺旋CT扫描；和/或
在治疗前和/或治疗后，第一PET探测器和/或第二PET探测器设置为计数模式，KV射线出束，通过光计数探测器的能量阈值来区分KV射线光子和正电子湮没产生的伽马光子，实现PET和CT同时扫描。
在本发明的一些实施例中，在治疗中，利用脉冲式治疗的时间间隙， KV射线源脉冲式出束，实现CT成像和治疗同步进行；和/或
在治疗中，第一PET探测器和/或第二PET探测器设置为计数模式，利用脉冲式治疗的时间间隙，KV射线源脉冲式出束，通过光计数探测器的能量阈值来区分KV射线光子和正电子湮没产生的伽马光子，实现CT成像、PET成像和治疗同步进行。
在本发明的一些实施例中，第一PET探测器和/或第二PET探测器，由多个PET探测模块和/或探测单元组成，各PET探测模块和/或探测单元之间存在均匀的间隙。
本发明的CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置，相较于现有技术，至少具有以下优点：
1、增加了与第一PET探测器、第二PET探测器、高能探测器和高能射线源共面的KV射线源，能够实现第一PET探测器或者第二PET探测器的共探测器功能，从而达到KVCT成像、PET成像和放射治疗共扫描平面的目的。
2、该KV射线源的位置和种类可变，可以根据用户的需求进行调整，普适性强。
3、本发明的CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置有多种成像和/或放射治疗引导模式，可根据用户的实际需求调整，适用于多种情况。
附图说明
图1为本发明第一实施例的CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置的结构示意图；
图2A为图1的俯视图；
图2B为图1的侧视图；
图3A为本发明第二实施例的CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置的结构示意图；
图3B为本发明第三实施例的CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置的结构示意图；
图3C为本发明第四实施例的CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
现有技术中，图像引导放射治疗装置在实现PET(正电子发射断层)成像和KVCT成像功能时，难以同时使得第一PET探测器、第二PET探测器、高能探测器、高能射线源和KV射线源实现同平面放置。有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种CT(计算机断层成像)成像和图像引导放射治疗装置，增加了与第一PET探测器、第二PET探测器、高能探测器和高能射线源共面的KV射线源，能够实现第一PET探测器或者第二PET探测器的共探测器功能，从而达到KVCT成像、PET成像和放射治疗共扫描平面的目的。
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，以下结合具体实施例，并参照附图，对本发明进一步详细说明。
本发明第一实施例提供了一种CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置，如图1所示，该CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置，包括：至少一个放射治疗用高能射线源，所述高能射线源可以为放射治疗用加速器或者同位素源(或者其他器件)，用于产生兆伏MV光子射线或MV粒子射线的其中之一，所述兆伏光子射线包括兆伏X光子和伽马射线的其中之一；所述兆伏粒子射线包括质子、中子和碳离子的其中之一；相对放置的第一PET探测器和第二PET探测器；在第一PET探测器上、第一PET探测器的内侧或者第一PET探测器的外侧放置至少一个医学诊断用千伏KV射线源，用于产生KV射线(主要指X射线，但也可以是同位素产生的能量在医学诊断范围的伽马GAMMA射线)；所述第二PET探测器接收所述KV射线，进行KVCT成像；所述第一PET探测器和第二PET探测器接收物体发射的伽马光子，进行PET成像；所述高能射线源产生高能射线，用于对物体进行放射治疗；所述KVCT成像和/或PET成像，用于辅助和/或引导对物体进行放射治疗。由此，该CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置具有辐射剂量小、对比度高等优点。
其中，相对放置的第一PET探测器和第二PET探测器可以呈相对的弧形结构(详见图1)，在其他一些实施例中，第一PET探测器和第二PET探测器还可以为相对的平板结构或者直线结构。
需要说明的是，第一PET探测器和/或第二PET探测器，一般由多个小的PET探测模块和/或探测单元组成，各PET模块和/或探测单元之间可 以存在间隙，优选为均匀的间隙，也就是说PET模块和/或探测单元也可以不存在间隙，或者间隙不均匀，本发明不作限制。
在图1中，该CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置一般采用基于旋转机架的螺旋扫描(治疗)模式，由于该装置对千伏CT成像的空间分辨率/密度分辨率等要求不会太高(相对于医学诊断CT而言)，因此，其普适性极强。
在第一实施例中，将所述KV射线源放置于第一PET探测器的外侧(远离物体的一侧)，为了使得KV射线能够到达第二PET探测器，因此需要在第一PET探测器上设置一定的缝隙即开口，使得KV射线通过该开口照射到第二PET探测器上。
在该实施例中，对于KV射线源，传统的降低CT剂量的方法都可以直接利用，如领结(bowtie)滤波、前准直等。KV射线源可以是X光管这样的传统射线源，也可以是碳纳米管等新型射线源，或者是同位素源等，本发明都不作限制。
由于该第一PET探测器和/或第二PET探测器还能够接收所述物体(其中包含追踪剂)发射的511 KeV的伽马光子，因此可以进行PET成像，同时结合CT成像，即可实现共探测器功能，能够在辐射剂量小的情况下，具备对比度高且实用性强的特点。
与现有技术的放射治疗装置类似，本发明中涉及的放射治疗装置通常还包括至少一个高能探测器。请参考图1，高能探测器位于所述第一PET探测器和第二PET探测器的中间位置，与所述高能射线源的位置相对放置，用于接收高能射线。
请参照图2A和图2B，可知本申请能够使得所述第一PET探测器、第二PET探测器、KV射线源、高能射线源、高能探测器和高能射线源位于同一平面上，所述第一PET探测器和第二PET探测器分别位于高能射线源和高能探测器的两侧，这给图像配准带了极大的便利，同时利于优化治疗方案。
还需说明的是，本发明的CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置可以在治疗前或治疗后成像，成像可以采用多种模式：
在治疗前和/或治疗后，第一PET探测器和/或第二PET探测器设置为 积分模式，KV射线出束，实现独立的锥束、扇束或螺旋CT扫描；和/或
在治疗前和/或治疗后，第一PET探测器和/或第二PET探测器设置为计数模式，KV射线出束，实现独立的锥束、扇束或螺旋CT扫描；和/或
在治疗前和/或治疗后，第一PET探测器和/或第二PET探测器设置为计数模式，KV射线出束，通过光计数探测器的能量阈值来区分KV射线光子和正电子湮没产生的伽马光子，实现PET和CT同时扫描。
在CT扫描时，KV射线源和PET探测器会围绕物体做相对旋转运动，从而获取不同旋转角度下的CT数据。
本发明的CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置可以在治疗中有如下两种模式：
利用脉冲式治疗的时间间隙，KV射线源脉冲式出束，实现CT成像和治疗同步进行；和/或
第一PET探测器和/或第二PET探测器设置为计数模式，利用脉冲式治疗的时间间隙，KV射线源脉冲式出束，通过光计数探测器的能量阈值来区分KV射线光子和正电子湮没产生的伽马光子，实现CT成像、PET成像和治疗同步进行。
需要注意的是，在治疗前和/或治疗后的三种模式与治疗中的两种模式，可以任意组合。
治疗中的成像模式可与治疗前后的任一种成像模式进行组合，实现该CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置的多种成像功能。
对扫描获取的CT数据，通过解析图像重建算法或者迭代图像重建算法，利用计算机运算，获得CT图像。获得的CT数据或CT图像，可用于实现辅助PET成像和/或辅助PET引导放射治疗、对PET图像重建时的衰减校正、运动伪影校正等；亦可直接用于引导放射治疗。
在其他一些实施例中，CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置的KV射线源可以为多个射线源，KV射线源也可以在第一PET探测器上或者在第一PET探测器的内侧放置(朝向物体的一侧)，这两种情况不需在第一PET探测器上设置开孔。
如图3A至图3C所示，依次为第二实施例的一个KV射线源放置于第一PET探测器的内侧，第三实施例的多个KV射线源放置于第一PET探 测器上，第四实施例的多个KV射线源放置于第一PET探测器的内侧。
综上，本发明的CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置增加了与第一PET探测器、第二PET探测器、高能探测器和高能射线源共面的KV射线源，实现了第一PET探测器或者第二PET探测器的共探测器功能，CT数据和/或CT图像，和/或PET数据和/或PET图像，可用于辅助和/或引导放射治疗，提高放射治疗的性能，同时还能实现放射治疗、KVCT成像和PET成像共扫描平面的目的。
除非有所知名为相反之意，本说明书及所附权利要求中的数值参数是近似值，能够根据通过本发明的内容所得的所需特性改变。具体而言，所有使用于说明书及权利要求中表示组成的含量、反应条件等等的数字，应理解为在所有情况中是受到“约”的用语所修饰。一般情况下，其表达的含义是指包含由特定数量在一些实施例中±10％的变化、在一些实施例中±5％的变化、在一些实施例中±1％的变化、在一些实施例中±0.5％的变化。
再者，“包含”不排除存在未列在权利要求中的元件或步骤。位于元件之前的“一”或“一个”不排除存在多个这样的元件。
说明书与权利要求中所使用的序数例如“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等的用词，以修饰相应的元件，其本身并不意味着该元件有任何的序数，也不代表某一元件与另一元件的顺序、或是制造方法上的顺序，该些序数的使用仅用来使具有某命名的一元件得以和另一具有相同命名的元件能做出清楚区分。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置，包括：
    至少一个高能射线源；
    相对放置的第一PET探测器和第二PET探测器；
    在第一PET探测器上、第一PET探测器的内侧或者第一PET探测器的外侧放置至少一个医学诊断用千伏KV射线源，用于产生KV射线；
    所述第二PET探测器接收所述KV射线，进行KVCT成像；
    所述第一PET探测器和第二PET探测器接收物体发射的伽马光子，进行PET成像；
    所述高能射线源产生高能射线，用于对物体进行放射治疗；
    所述KVCT成像和/或PET成像，用于辅助和/或引导对物体进行放射治疗。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置，其中，所述KV射线源放置于第一PET探测器的外侧，该第一PET探测器上设置有开孔，所述开孔用于透过所述KV射线。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置，其中，还包括至少一个高能探测器，与所述高能射线源的位置相对放置，用于接收高能射线；
    所述高能探测器、高能射线源、第一PET探测器、第二PET探测器和KV射线源位于同一平面上；
    所述第一PET探测器和第二PET探测器分别位于高能射线源和高能探测器的两侧。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置，其中，所述KVCT成像时，KV射线源和PET探测器围绕物体相对旋转，获取不同旋转角度下的CT数据，再通过计算机运算，获得CT图像。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置，其中，所述CT数据和/或CT图像，用于进行以下的一项或者多项的组合：
    辅助PET成像和/或辅助PET引导放射治疗、PET衰减校正和PET运动伪影校正。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置，其中，所述KV射线源包括X光管、碳纳米管和同位素源的其中之一。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置，其中，所述高能射线源包括放射治疗用的加速器或者同位素源，所述高能射线包括兆伏MV光子射线和MV粒子射线的其中之一，所述MV光子射线包括兆伏X射线和伽马射线的其中之一；所述MV粒子射线包括质子、中子和碳离子的其中之一。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置，其中，在治疗前和/或治疗后，第一PET探测器和/或第二PET探测器设置为积分模式，KV射线出束，实现独立的锥束、扇束或螺旋CT扫描；和/或
    在治疗前和/或治疗后，第一PET探测器和/或第二PET探测器设置为计数模式，KV射线出束，实现独立的锥束、扇束或螺旋CT扫描；和/或
    在治疗前和/或治疗后，第一PET探测器和/或第二PET探测器设置为计数模式，KV射线出束，通过光计数探测器的能量阈值来区分KV射线光子和正电子湮没产生的伽马光子，实现PET和CT同时扫描。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置，其中，在治疗中，利用脉冲式治疗的时间间隙，KV射线源脉冲式出束，实现CT成像和治疗同步进行；和/或
    在治疗中，第一PET探测器和/或第二PET探测器设置为计数模式，利用脉冲式治疗的时间间隙，KV射线源脉冲式出束，通过光计数探测器的能量阈值来区分KV射线光子和正电子湮没产生的伽马光子，实现CT成像、PET成像和治疗同步进行。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的CT成像和图像引导放射治疗装置，其中，第一PET探测器和/或第二PET探测器，由多个PET探测模块和/或探测单元组成，各PET探测模块和/或探测单元之间存在均匀的间隙。
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